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oOkrlily <unstitotiaiiciust
BY JAMES GARDNER.
The Pennsylvania Campaign.
•KM. LIB’S OFFICIAL REPORT.
The tollowing is a* authentic copy of Gen.
K. £. Lee’s official report of the Pennsylvania
Campaign:
Hbadq's Abmy Nobtubrn Va , I
July 81st, 1868. J
Gen. 8. Oooper, A. A I. General, Richmond, Va.;
Genebal— l hive the honor to submit the fol
lowing outline of the recent operations of thia
army for the intormstiou of the Department:
The position occupied by the euemv opposite
Frederickaburg being one in which he could not
be attached to advantage, it was determined to
draw him from it. The execution ot this purpose
embraced* the relief of the Shenandoah Valley
from the troops that bad occupied the lower part
of it during the winter and spring, and, If prac
ticable, the transfer of the acene of hostilities
North of the Potomac.
It was thought that the corresponding move
meats on the part of the enemy, to which those
contemplated by us would probably give rise,
might offer a fair opportunity to strike a blow at
the eriu.- therein commanded bv Gen. Hooker,
aod that in auy event, that army would be com
pelled to leave Virginis, and possibly to draw to
ns support troops designed to operate against
other parts of the country. In this way it was
supposed that the enemy’s plan of campaign lor
Ute summer would be broken up, and part of the '
suaon of active operations beco'eumed in the 1
formations of new combinations, and the prepara- >
tions that they would require. 1
In addition' to these advantages, it was hoped
that other valuable results might be attained by ‘
military success.
Actuated by these and other important cousid* 1
erations that may hereafter be presented, the 1
movement began on the 8d June. McLawa' di. <
vision es Longstreet's corps left Fredericksburg
for Culpeper U. H., and Hood's division, which <
was encamped on the Riptdsu, marched to the i
same place. 1
They were followed on the 4th and sth by Ew- ;
ell’s corps, leaving out that of A. P. Hili to occu i
py our lines at Fredericksburg. i
The march es these troops Having been dtscov- i
ered by the enemy on the afternoon of the Sth, t
and the following day he crossed a force, amount- 1
iag to about one army corps, to the south side of t
the Rappahannock on a pontoon bridge laid down t
near the mouth ot Deep Kun. General Hill dis- e
posed his command to resist their advance; but 6
as they seemed intended tor the purpose of ob- v
serration rather than attack, the movements in c
progress were not arrested. *
Tue forces of Longatraat and Ewell reached J
Culpeper Court House bv the Bth, at which point t
tne cavalry, under Gen. Smart, was also concen. t
On the 9th a large force of Federal cavalry, a
strongly supported by inlantrv crossed the Rap- c
pahannock at Beverly’s and Kelly’s Fords, and i
attacked Gen. Stuart. A severe engagement en- !
sued, continuing from early ia the morning until t
late in the aiternoon, when the enemy was forced
to reeross the river with heavy loss, leaving four i
hundred prisoners, three pieces of artillery, and i
several colots in our hands, 1
Gen. Jenkins with his cavalry brigade had I
been ordered to advance towards Winchester to <
co-operate with the infantry in the proposed expe- f
aition into the lower valley, and at the same time »
Gan. Imboden was directed with his command to i
make a demonstration in the direction of Romney, i
in order tu cover the movement against Winches- 1
ter, and prevent the enemy at that p-aoe from
bung reinforced by the troops on the line of the |
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Both of these of
ficers were in position when Gen. Ejjrell left Cui- i
peper Court House on the 16th. Crossing the i
Shenandoah near Front Royal, be detached Rodes’ I
division to Berryville, with instructions after dis- t
lodging the force stationed there, off the t
communication between Winchester and the Poto. i
mac. With the divisions of Early and Johnson, u
Gen. Ewell advanced directly upou Winchester, t
driving the enemy into his woiks around the t
town on the 18ih. .On the same day, the troops at t
Berryville fell back before Gen. Rodes, retreating <
to Winchester. On the Uih, Gen. Etrly stormed i
the works st the latter place, and the whole army I
ol Gen. Milroy was captured or d spersed. Most* I
of tnose who attempted to escape wore intercept- i
ed and made prisoners by Gen. Johnson. Their i
leader fled te Harper’s Ferry with a small paqjy i
of fugitives.
General Rodes marched from Berryville to
Martinsburg, entering the latter place on the ;
14th, where he took seven hundred prisoners,
five pieces of artillery, and a Considerable quan- ,
uiy of stores. These operations cleared the val
ley of the enemy, those at Harper’s Ferry, with
drawing to Maryland Heights. More than four
thousand prisoners, twenty-nine pieces of artil
lery, two hundred and seventy wagons and am- ,
balances, with four hundred horses, were cap
tured, besides a large amount of military stores. -i
Oar loss was small. On the night that Ewell
appeared at Wincite.ter, the Federal troops in <
front ot A. P. Hiil,at Fredericksburg, recroseed i
the Rappahannock, and the next day disappeared
behind the hills of Stafford. i
The whole army of Gen. Hooker withdrew from <
the line ot the Rappahannock, pursuing the roads >
near the Potomac, and no favorable opportunity
was offered for attack. It seemed to be the pur- i
pose of General Hooker to take a position which ,
would enable him to cover the approaches to
Washington City—with a view to draw him fur
ther from bis base, and at ihe same time, to cover
the march of A. P. Hill, who, in accordance with
instructions, left Fredericksburg for the Valley
as soon as the enemy withdrew from hu frsnt.
Longstreet moved from Culpeper Court House on
tbe Idtb, and advancing along the east aide ot
the Bli® Ridge, occupied Ashby’s and Snicker’s
Gaps His force bad been augmented while at
OJpaper by General Pickett with three brigades
of his division.
STna cavalry, under General Stuart, was thrown
out in front of Longstreet to watch the enemy
niw reported to be moving into Loudon. On the
17th, bis cavalry encountered two brigades ot
ours under General Stuart near Aldie, and was
driven back with loss. The next day the engage
ment was renewed, tbe Federal eavalry being
s reugly supported by infantry, and Gen. Stuart
was in turn compelled to retire.
The enemy advanced as far as Upperv lle and
this fell buck. In these engagements General
Smart took snout four hundred prisoners, and a
considerable number of"horses and arms.
In the meantime, a part of Gen. Swell’s corps
had entered Maryland, and tbe rest was i bout to
follow. Gen. Jenkins with bis cavalry, who ac
companied Gen. Ewell, penetrated Pensylvama
as far as Chambersburg. As these demonstra
tions did not have the effect of causing the Fed
eral army to leave Virginia, and ss it did not.
seem disposed to advance upon the position held'
by Longstreet, tbe latter was withdrawn to the
west side of the Shenandoah, Gen. Hill having
already reached the valley.
General Stuart was lek to guard tbe passes of
ths mountains and observe tbe movements of the
enemy, whom be was instructed to harass and ima
pede as much as possible shomd he attempt to
cross the Potomac. In that event, General Siu
art was directed to move into Maryland, cressing
the Potomac east or west of tbe Bine Ridge, as in
bis lodgment should be bast, end take position
on tbe right of our oolumn as it advanced.
By tbe 24th, tbe progress of Ewell rendered it
necessary that the rest of tbe army should be in
supporting distance, and Longstreet and Hill
inarched to the Potomac. The former crossed at
Williamsport, and the latter at Shepherdstown.
Ths columns re-united at Hagerstown, and ad
vanced thence into Pennsylvania, encamping
near Chambersburg on the 27 in.
No report had been received that ihe Federal
army bad crossed the Potomac, and tbe absence
of tbe cavalry rendered it impossible to obtain
accurate information. In order, however, to re
tain it on the east side of tbe mountains after it
•honld enter Maryland, and thus leave open our
•ommunication with tue Potomac through Ha
gerstown and Williamsport, General Ewell had
been instructed to send a division eastwards
from Chambersburg to cross tbe South Moun
tains. Early’s division was detached for this
purpose, and proceeded as far east as York, while
the remainder of the corps proceeded to Car-
■ ■General Imboden, in pursuance of the instruc
tions previously referred to, bad been actively
engaged on the left of Gen. Ewell during the
nrogress of the latter into Maryland. He had
driven off the forces guarding tbe Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad, destroying all the impd riant
bridjeston that route from Cumberland to Martins
burg, and seriously damaged the Chesapeake and
phloQuial#
He subsi queuily took position at Hancock ; aud,
after the arrival of Lo'gslteet and Hill at Cham
bersburg, was directed to maicb byway ot Mc-
Connellsburg to that p’aee.
Preparations were bow oiade io advance upon
Harrisburg, but on 'bo night of the 29th informa
tion was received from a e < lit that the Federal
army, having crossed tho P-.domso, was advanc
ing northwards, and tlust tho head of ihe column
had reached tbe South Mount-tin. As our ootn
inunieation with the Potomac won thus menaced,
it was resolved to prevent bin further progress in
that direction by concentrating our auuy on the
east side of the mountains. Aconrding'y. Long
street and Hill were dirrot: d t'o proceed from
Chauibersbnrg to Gettysburg, to which point
Geneial Ewell was instructed iu mutch from Car
-1 ale.
Gen. Stuart continu .d to follow the movements
of the Federal army south ■of the Potomac after
our own had entered Maryland, and tu Ins efforts
to impede its progress, advanced as far eastward
as Fairfax Court House. Finding Uimsalf unable
to delay the enemy materially, he crossed ths
river utSaneca, and marched through Wiaimin
ster to Carlisle, where ho aritved after General
Ewell had letl for Gettysburg. By the route he
pursued the Federal army was interposed batwest:
his coinmaud and our main body, preventing any
communication with him until his arrival-at
Carlisle.
Tue march towards Gettysburg was conducted
more slowly than it would have been had the
movements of the Federal army been known.
Ths leading division ol Hill met the enemy in
advance of Gettysburg, on the morning of the Ist
of July. Driving bac.< these troops to within a
short distance of the town, he there encountered
a large force, with which, two of bis divisions
becarno engaged. Ewell, coming vp with two
ol bia divisions by the Heidlersburg road, joined
m the engagement. The enemy was driven
through Gettysburg with heavy loss, including
about five thousand prisoners and several pieces
of artillery.
He retired to a high range of hills south and
east of the town. The attack was not pressed
that afternoon, the enemy’s force being unknown,
aud it being considered udvisab o to await the
arrival ot the rest of our troops. Orders were
sent back to hasten their march, and, in tbe
meantime, every effort was made to ascertain the
numbers and position of the enemy, aud find tbe
most favorable point of attack. I: had not been
intended to tight a general battle al such a dis
tance from our base, unless attacked by the ene
my; but finding our?elvcs unexpectedly confront,
ed by the Federal army, it became u matter es
difficulty to withdraw through ilia mountains
with our large trains. At the same timq/tho
country was unfavorable for collecting supplies,
white tn the presence enomy’s main body,
as he was enabled to restrain our lorugiug parties
byotc.ipying the pauses of the mountains with
tegular and local troops. A baLlo thus bacams,
in a measure, unavoidable. Encouraged by tbe
successful issue ot the engagement ol the. ficst
day, end iu view of the valurMe results that
would ensue from ihe defeat of the army of Gsn.
Meade, it ?vas thought advisable to renew. Ihe at
tack.
The remainder of Ewell’s aud Hdl’s corps hav
ing arrived, and two divisious ol Longdire t’s,
our urep.irations were wade accordingly. Dur
ing the afternoon, intelligence was received of
tbo arrival of Gen. Stuart, at Carlisle, and he was
ordered to march to Gettysburg, and take pos
session on the left. A full account ot these'en
gagemonts cannot be given until the reports of
tbe several commanding officers shall have been
received, and I shall ouly offer a general descrip
tion.
The preparations for attack were not com
pleted until tbe afternoon of tbe 2d.
The enemy held a high and commanding ridge
along which he had massed a large amount ol
artillery. Gen. Ewell occupied the left of our
line, Gen. Hdl tbe centre, and Gen. Longstreet
the right. In front of Gen. Longstreet the enemy
held a position, from which, if be could be ekiven,
it was thought that oitr army could be used to
advantage in assailing the more elevated ground
beyond, and thus enaule ns to reach the crest of
the ridge. That officer was directed to endeavor
to carry this position, while Gen. Ewell' attacked
directly the high ground on the enemy’s right,
which bad already been partially fortified. Gon.
Hill was instructed to threaten the centra of the
Federal Im", io order to preven’ reinforcements
being sent to eiiber wing, and to avail himself
of anv opportunity that might present itself to
attack.
After a severe struggle, Longsireet i-uoceeded
in getting possession of and ho.dmg ths desired
ground. Ewell also carried some of the strong
positions which he assailed, sod the result was
such as to lead to the belief that be would ulti
ma'ely be able to dislodge the enemy. The battle
ceased at dark.
These partial successes determined me to con
tinue tbe assault next day. Pickett, with three
of his brigades, joined Longstreet the following
morning, and our batteries were moved forward
•to the position*gained by him the day before.
Tbe veueral plan of attack was uucijsuged, ex
cept that one division aud two brigades of Hill's
corps were ordered to support Longstreet.
Tbe enemy in tbe meantime bad strengthened
his line with earthworks. Tbe morning was oc
cupied in necessary preparations, and the battle
recommenced in the afternoon of the Bib, and
raged with great violence until sunset. Our
troops succeeded m entering tbe advanced works
of the enemy, and getting possession of gome of
hts baliertee; but our artillery having nearly exo
pended its ammunition, tbe attacking columns
became exposed to the heavy fire of the numer
ous batteries near tbe summit of tho ridge, and,
after a, most determined and gallant struggle,
were compelled to relinquish their advantage, and
fall back to their original positions wiia severe
less.
The conduct of tho troops was all that I could
desire or expect, and they deserved success so far
as ft can be deserved bv heroic valor and forti •
tude. More may have been required of them
than they were able to perform, but my admira
tion of tbeir noble qualities, and confidence in
their ability to successfully with the enemy, has
suffered no abatement from the iesue of this pro
tracted and sanguinity coutl.ct.
Owing to ths strength of the eneirry’s position
and the reduction of our ammunition, a renewal
of the engagement could not bo hsztrded, and
the difficulty of procuring supplies rendered it
impossible to continue longer where wo were.—-
Such of the w unded a* were in condition to be
removed, and part of tbe arms coilecifd on the
Slid, were ordered to Wiliiatntport. The army
remained at Gettysburg during the 4th, and at
-night began to retire by the road to Fairfield,
carrying with It about four thousand prisoners.
Nearly two thousand had previously bee j parol
ed, but the enemy’s numerous wounded that bad
fallen into cur hands after tbe first and second
days’ engagement, were left behind.
Little progress was made that night, owing to
a severe storm, which greatly embarrassed our
movements. The rear of the column did not
leave its position near Gettysburg until after day
light on the Sth.
The march was continued during that’day
without interruption by the enemy, except an un»
important demonstration upon our rear in the
afternoon, when near Fail fl uid, which was oa ulv
checked. Part of our train moved by the road
through Fairfield, and the rest by the way ol
Cashtown, guarded by Gan. Imboden. In pass
ing through the mountains, in advance of toe
column, tbe great length of the trains exposed
them to attack by the enemy’s cavalry, which
captured a number es wagons and ambulances;
but they succeeded in reaching Williamsport
without egrious losb.
.-..They were attacked at that.place on the 6th by
the enemy’s CAValry, which was gallantly repuls
edbyGeu. Imboden. The attacking force was
1 subsequently encountered and driven off by Gen.
■ Stuart, and pursued for several miles in the
' direction of Boonsboro’. The army, after an
arduous march, rendered more difficult by the
1 rates, reached Hagerstown on tho afternoon o
r -the 6th and morning of tho 7th July.
’ The Potomac was found to be so much swollen
* by the rains, that bad fallen almost Incessantly
1 since our entrance into Maryland, mi to pe nn
" fordable. Our communications with thesoutb
8 side were thus intei rupied„iind is was difficult to
» procure air munition or subsistence, the latte
- difficulty being enhanced by the high waters im
peding the working of neighboring mills. The
■ trains with the wounded and prisoners ware
f compelled to await at Williamsport the subsiding
e of the river and the construction of boats, aa the
1 pontoon bridge left at Falling Waters had been
1 partially destroyed. The enemy had not yet
t made his appearance ; but as he wus in oondi-
- tton to obtain large reinforoemente, and our situ
-1 ation, for the reasons above mentioned, was be-
| coming daily more embarrassing, it was deemed
AUGUSTA, GA. WEDNESDAT<iH‘KNING, OCTOBER 14, 1863.
advisable to recross the river. Part ot the pon
toon bridge was recovered, and new boat* built,
so that by Ihe 13;l> n good bridge was thrown
ever the river ut Fulling Walers,
Tbeeueroy ia force resched our front on the
12'h. A position had been previously selected
to cover Iho Pott mao from Williamsport to Fall
tag Water, aud an attack was awaited during
that and the succeeding day. This did not take
place, though the two armies were in close prex
imity, tho enemy being occupied in fortifying
disown line®. Our preparations being completed
and ihe river, though still formidable, being
pronounced fordable, the urmy couitaenced to
withdraw to the south side ou the niitbi ot the
13th
Ewell’s corps forded tbe river at Williamsport;
those of Longstreet aud Hdl eroded upon the
bridge. Owing to the condition of thq rosiia the
trpope did not reach the bridge until utter day
light on the 14th, and tbs drossing was not com
plete until alter 1 P M., when the bridge was re
moved. The enemy ottered no serious intetrap
tton, and tho movement was attended with no
loss of material, txcept a few disabled wagons
and two pieces ol artillery, which tbe horses
were unable to move tluough the oetp mud.—
Before tiesir horses could be sent b.;ok tor ihcin
tbe rear of tbe column had passed. ’*
Du: ing tho slow and tedious rum ch tn the
bridge, in the midst of a visieut storm of ram,
eome of tue men lay down by the way to rest.—
Officers Bent back for them tailed io find many
in th? obscurity of the night, aud with
sums siriigglei s, fell into the hands oi the enemy-
Brig. Geo. Pettigrew was mortally wounded
in no utt ick made by a small body of cavalry,
which wa.i unfortunately mistaken for our-own,
and permitted to enter our lines. He was brought
to lluuker Hill, where be expired iu a few days
afterward. Ho was a bravo and accomplished
officer aud geutlemau, and bis loss wdltie deeply
felt by the country and the army.
The tollowing day ihe army marched to Bunker
Hill, iu tbe vicinity of which it encamped for
several days. The day after its arrival, u large
enemy's cavalry, which had crossed
the at Harper’s Ferry, advanced towards
Martinsowg. It was attacked by Geu. Fitz Lee,
uear Kearneysville, and deieatad with heavy loss
leaving its dead and many of its wounded on the
field.
Owing to the swollen condition of the Shenan
doah river, tho plan *f operations which had been
contemplated when we reorossed the Potomac
could not be put in execution, and before the
waters bad subsided the movements of the ene
my induced me to cross the Blue Ridge and
tuko position south ot the Rappahannock, which
was acoa’.dii’gly done.
As soon as the reports of the cotumandi -g
officers shall be received, a more detailed ac
count of these operations will be given, and oc
casion will then be taken to speak more parlicu.-
larlyof the conspicuous gallantry end good con
duct of both officers aud meu.
It is not yet iu my power to give a correct state
men" ol our casualties, which were seveie, in
ciudiag many brave men, and an unusual pro
,iori!.>u of distinguished and valuable officers.—
Amoug th.-in I regret io mention the following
general, officers; Major Generals Hood, Pender
aud Tiimble, severely, sad Major General Heth
slightly wounded.
Jen. Pender has since died. This lamented
officer has borne a distipguiihed part in every en
gagement of this army, and was wounded on sev
eral occasions while leading his command with
conspicuous gallantry and ability. The confi
dence and admiration inspired by his courage
and capacity ss an officer, were only equalled by
the esteem and respect entertained by all with
whom he was associated, forth noble qualities
of his modest and unassuming character. Brig.
Gens, B-uksdale and Garnett were killed, and
Brig. Gen. Semmea mortally wounded while lead
ing their troops with tbe couiage that always dis
tinguished them, These brave officers and na
iriolio gentlemen tell tn tf-.o fatffifut araatmrge of
duty, leaving the army to mourn their loss and
emulate lheir noble examples.
Brig. Gens. Kemper, Armistead, Beales, G. T.
Anderson, Hampton, J, M. Junes and Jenkins
were also wounded Brig. Geu. Aicher was taken
prisoner. Gen. Pettigrew, though wounded at
Gettysburg, continued in command until he was
mortally wounded uaar Falling Waters.
The loss of the enemy is unknown, but from'
observations on the fluid, and his subsequent
movements, it ia supposed that he suffered severe
>y-
Respectfully submitted,
(S gnedj R, K. Lbb, Gen.
1 .UPOMTANT CDUHfcSjPOA D KMCE■
The Atlanta intelligencer, ot ihe 29m* instant,
contains an important correspondence between
his Excellency Governor Btown and A. Fullerton,
Acting Consul of her Britannic Mejesty, lor the
city oi Savannah. -
Mr. Fullerton, in a letter dated Savannah, July
22. claims exemption of Britsh subjects from the
draft of persons between the ages ot 18 and 45 of
the 8,000 men required for home defence,-on the
ground that they are liable to draft for the pur
pose of maintaining external order (in other
words to act as a local police force) ana s. ven to
a limited extent to defend against local invasion
by a foreign power, but denies the claims to ser
vices beyond tlis.
The Governor, in n reply, dated Mariella, Aug.
Bth, on the admission ot the British Consul ibiu
British subjects are under the obligation to ren
der service to maintain ’•internal order” and to
defend ‘‘to a limited extent’against local inva
sion by a foreign power, ehows that the proposed
military organization is for these purposes aud
no other, stating that many of Her Britannic
Majesty’s subjects in Georgia are large slave
holders, aud in dun /er not only of tbe loss ol
property, but of insuit and injury to their wives
and children, by the inroads of the enemy.
The British Consul replies in a letter dated
August 17, by taking a distinction between a
foreign and civil war, contending that the Con
federate States being engaged in a war of the
latter kind they cannot claim compulsory mili
tary service in a State wherein foreigners have
been permuted to reside for peaceful purpages
being ‘•compelled to take an active part in hce
nlities against other States which wero biuuh
bevs of the same Confederacy, ’ and bad advi-ed
those drafted to acquiesce in the duty until they
are required to leave their immediate homes or
t> meet the United States forces in nctual con
flict, in that event to throw down their arms and
ra'use to render a service that was dtrectlv in
the teeth ol hex Majes y’a Proclamation
The answer to this letter by Guv, Brown is
dated August 28. and m reply to the distinction
drawn by Mr. F uilurlou, that tbe war now wau
mg ia a civil and not a foreign war conceding
thtt’.Geeigin is Still a component part of the
United States, the conclusion became inevitable
aecordicg to Gov. Brown, that M. Fullerton’s
upplicatiou ought to have been made to the
Government at Washington, and not to the
Executive of Georgia. In answer to that nart
of the Bntish OjDmui’s letter in which be Havw
advice was given by him t () British subieeta
dratted into tbe service of Georgia to throw
down their arms when brought into actual con
flict with the loioes of the United States the
Governor remiuds him that there are such
things as penalties fur desertion.
Mr. Fullerton had affirmed that he could not
see why “the change in tbe political relations cf
this country has imposed new obligations unou
the subjects of Her Majesty, as they had no voice
la ice councils which brought about the present
state of affairs.” Gov. Brown replies most con*
clusively to this statement as follows: “ With the
sr.mc reason you might say that vou cannot see
why the laws of naiions require British subjecte
in any case to defend their domcils when loca
ted in a foreign country against the local inva
sion of another power, when they had no voice
which formed the government in which they are
permitted to reside."
The British Consul had also stated that the
protection to an alien extended to little beyond
the safety of life, and that the laws of Georgia
forbid an alien to hold certain kinds of property.
Governor Brown reminds Mr. Fullerton that the'
laws of Great Bi itain forbid aliens from holding
certain kinds of property, that the laws of Geor
di t are not loss liberal than those of Great Brit
ain in this respect, that the same protection is
extended to the persons and all the property
which they legally possess which ia enjoyed by
ouizens of this State, and "that it throws no ob
structioea in the rei oval of any British subject,
from the State who is not satisfied with the priv
ileges and protection which he here enjoys.”
The correspondence closes with the demanff for
thersleaieof two British subjects, J. D. and F.
M. Kelly, residents of Rome, Ga., which is prom
ised on tbe production of certain evidence re
quired by law. o.
1* [Oonftdeoae]/,
CHARLESTON AND I'lß VWINnV.
The New York Herald professes to have de
rived the following information fri-u a man who
left tbeConfederacy a few ‘go:
It has been but a vuiy «b< < > :t -e since our ins
formant left the city of (Jtiaitastou, of winch
place he has been a tea dent o ucli ot the ume
during the war. II.: was there when .Suaiter was
first bombarded by ihe ironclads, end he has
positive knowledge of the ir-jury sustained by
that frrtitio ft on during the attack. He says
that a breach was made large enough to drive a
horse mid curt through, and alter the vessels
withdrew tha utmost iXMliona were u-sed, by
sending to tl.e fort bales ol cotton and seuu
bags, io repair the damages sustain'd. Every
one supposed there would boa renewal ot the
attack next day—they imagined the hist to be
only a feeier—and thought, it it was, Mumter’s
chauci s would be a poor one if on the n> xt at
tempt a determination tu reduce the work was
tur-nitealad.
He gives us-the precise localfy where four of
the shells feom Gene-ci G.limor. i “Swamp An
gel” struck in tbe city ot OLarl iirou. ’i hieaol
them s'roek within four blocks oT eaO:i other, aud
the four were in the space ui half a mile. Due
bit tho spire of Si. Michael, u cbiireb, at tue cor
ner ot Meeting aud Broad streets; one burst yi
the store aud warehouses ot John Fraser ® Co.,
< n the Eisl Biy, n. ar th a Puctoffice; another at
the corner of Broad and Church streets, near the
telegraph and the fourth,.struck the bath
house, located on the battery, or rather tbe Park
of Cnarlestou, on Ashley river. The utmost con
sternation prevailed m the city. When these
terrible missiles begin to arrive the firemen ware
all ready to extinguish any tire that might be
caused by the exploding saelle, and tbe alarm
qeils summoned every one to arms, no one kuov»
lug vvhai. might be expected next.
At this time there were not more than three or
four hundred in the city, and
these have since taken their departure for a safer
100 lily, leaving the city entirely to the care ol
those who jrculd rather fight than run away. He
says that the eit «n 3 of Charleston have fully de
termined to destroy tbe city rather than purrender
it. The latter they will nut do, and buve every*
thing ready to apply the torch in a manner to
render its destruction complete when it is found
they can ao longer keep puesession of it. They
have uo hopes es being able much Icßger to bold
it; they ate striving mainly to delay us until eve
rything valuable and moveable can be carried into
the interior.
They swear that Charleston shall never be
ruled uy Butler or another like him ; and it ap
pears certain, if the elements of.those in authori
ty may be believed, that destruction will be the
rule ratter than permit us to obtain control of
another ol their large seaboard cities. They say
that‘the fate ot Now Orleans, its people and
property, has been a warning to them, and rather
than submit to anything like it, they will destroy
everything rnd live in tbe woods if necessary.
Our informant thinfs this resolve will be kept;
it is tiriiveisil with ail, poor as well as rich ; and
they look forward to it now ta a settled thing—a
plan not to be departed from under any circum
stances.
Beauregard’s force ho cellmates at about 9,000
men before the reiniorceinent was sent him from
Virginia of the division of Gen. Jenkins. This
may bring it up to 14.000, which includes the
garrisons in all tho fortifications around Charles
ton, a force at Pocataligr*, Adams’ Run, and a
point between Charleston. and Branchville, on
ths South Carolina Rulroad. These troops are
all of the best, many of them are veterans, and
even tbe home guards are as welt drilled as reg
ulars. Beauregard will delay our.approach as
much as possible for the reasons above stated; he
will dispute every inch of ground, and strive in
eve y way to recover the prestige be lost when he
permitted Generat Gilmore to obtain tho foothold
on Morris Island that roust eventually cost them
ihe loss of their beloved city, tho hot bed ot
-nd tho point ftotn wbtiacu Sprung this
cruel an 1 unnecessary war.
Beauregard lost maeb of his reputation aa a
soldier and engineer officer when he lost Morris
Island. His popularity bag fallen off
especially with the people of Charleston, who
idolized him before es the man who compelled
seventy<-five meu to surrender to a foico of ten
thousand, aided by batteries of tbe heaviest de
scription, and gave them possession ot their Sum
ter. the fort tbstuow possesses as much value to
them for u work of defence as any pile of old
bricks. Ihe Caroliuiats will never forget or fore
give Baauregarsl when Moultrie, Sumter and ths
ground upon which Charleston stood passes
from their possession to that of the “damned
Yankees.” _
“A
Camp Pbiob, GrbexMwihb Co., Vx., I
September 18lh, 1863. )
To iA.e £diior of tke Wkif :
To gratify the lovers of the curious and won
derful, 1 have concluded to give you a short and
accurate description, as received from tho wit
nesses tbsroselves, of a strange phenomenon
that madv its appearance about ten miles west oi
Lewisburg, on the afternoon of the Ist last.
Mr. ft:css Dwyer, an honest and responsible
farmer, whose veracity is unimpeachable ; Mrs
Percy, who seems to have a clear bead, aud is a
lady of respectability and character, as are two
other ladies who witnessed the plenomenon,
were the persons from whom the following act
count was obtained. It was also witnessed by a
youth almost grown, and by a servant girl.
They all testify, substantially, to the same taels,
and'are perfectly willing to be sworn to the
truth of tho statement made to me:
The day was bright, clear and warm. The
locality a hill cr mountain side, on which the
sun was rising with full power. The first thing
seen waa something that the witnesses du not
seem able io describe witheleurnesshnd accuracy.
They say it was masses cr bodies of vapor, mist
or something else five or six feet high and two or
three wide, floating in a perpendicular position,
above the tree tope, hovering on in a line with
the utmost regularity and precision ; then passs
ing through the tree tops, without having the
line broken or disturbed. These bodies are de
scribed as being a whitish, green color, and passx
edoff in the distance. Then came a countless
multitude of men, dressed in white, marching in
column, on the ground, in an open field up the
mountain slope, at a rapid pace, quicker than
double quick time, the columns only separated
by a lew feel. The witnesses state that they
could see the men net only us a whole, but the
individual parts—their Lunds, aims, legs and
feet.
Occasionally oua wculd tag a little behind, and
could be distinctly seen to quicken his pace to
regain his position iu lbs line. They were pass
ing for an hour or more, and, it is thought, num
bered thousands upon thousands. The field over
which they passed is several hundred yards in
length, and they covered the entire area in pass#
ing. Their general appearance was white, and
they were without arms er knapsacks.
1 have given the simple facts without coloring
or exaggeration, as received-from an eye witness
of ihe strange sight. No peison in this commu
nity doubts or questions the veraeity of tho wit
nesses, known, as they are to be of highly re
spectable character and entitled to cred.t. Ail
agree that they saw something out of the ordi
nary course of nature.
This account of a singular plymomen'-u (was ft
a mtiaclif) is communicated to us by an officer of
rank, intelligence aud character. He meuas no
quiz, and is not apt to be the victim of one. In
a private note, he says; “I put myself to some
trouble to uncertain tbe facta, and questioned the
witnessss separately. They are above suspicion.
I have given all the material facta, except that
ihe so called men were marching North or North
west, right through the mountains. They were
of all sises, aud as much like men aa if they had
been real flesh and blood.”
A Richmond correspondent of the Mobile Reg
ister says:
Gen. Lee has spent a week in the oitv, and
waa almost constantly with the President durlmr
hia Stay. Hs was found there at all hours, break*
X d f»? ed . wUh h,ra> WRlkcd and
with him, like two good friends, as they are.
Ihe Btonoe, then, which have been •irculated
about differences between them arc aa absurd aa
untrue. 1 can assure you President Davis and
the General are on the best terms, and have no
points of difference regarding tbe welfare es the
country. The President writes familliarly to the
General when in the field ; General Lee tikes aalt
with the President when in the city.
Light frost has Made m at Raleigh
Satam, Gharlette, Wilmington, and Fayetteville,
IN. e. VegeteUoo, so
Cur Financial Situation.
LEITE ft OF WILLIAM GRKOG.
(iHAMTKVitLB, 8, C., Sept. 11, 1868.
Hon. O. G Memmiiiger, Secretary of tbe Trees’?:
Mr Dbabßis: Your favor of the 2d instant te
before ire, requesting my views as to a remedy
for the financial embarrassment of our Govern
ment. Ido not think our cause is a hopeless one;
but it will require bold men and bold measures to
remedy evils that might bare been avoided by
prompt action of Congress last fall, which, in all
pri’babiiity, wouldsfcave saved our country a year
cf desuuctive war,'and the addition of hundreds
of millions to our national debt.
We have never, until recently, been without
strong prospects ot an early peace. The whole
country lias acted ou short war views. Our great
est politicians, wisest commercial men and capi
talists of all classes, indeed 1 may say every
household concern, have acted upon those views.
Who is there that is not now embarrassed by the
want of huudreds of sma 1 articles which might
have beeu procured at cheap rates, if tbe parties
had been able to look a few months only into the
future.
M#ny who now clamor, and take the lead in
deeouncing what ihey deem tbe short-sighted
policy of the Administration, were foremost in
predicting that there would be no war, and even
up to the battle of Manassas thought that tbe
Yankees would not tight us, and were reluctant
after that conflict to believe that it would be more
than a temporary struggle.
I am fully pursuaded that seventy five millions
of (loiters would be ample for a circulating
medium for tbe Confederate States, and that Gov
ernment ought to reduce rhe present inflated cur
rency to within one hundred millions, as speedily
as possible. It would have been better to sell 7
or 8 per cent, bonds as long as they could be dis
posed of at reasonable rates, than to adopt and
pursue the present policy of constantly adding to
an inflation that has become truly alarming.—
When that measure should fail, the next and only
reliable means was a forced loan. This is now
our only means of absorbing the currency and
preventing its further increase in providing for
the future wants of the Government.
The financial scheme tb&t I would recommend
is this : First, a continued money tex should be
levied to pay tbe interest of our debt; and
second, tho levy ol a tax or forced loau of 25 per
cent, or as much more as may be needed, upon
the property of the country, the tax payers to
receive either 7or 8 per cent, bonds for such
forced loan. 1 would suggest that the bonds
b. ar a not less rate of interest than 7 per cent,
this being less than the average rate ot interest
in (ha different States. This tax should be
tributed equally upon the wealth of every indi
vidual in the Confederacy, to be collected in sums
sufficient first to absorb the present currency,
and next to provide for the future wants of Gov
ernment up to fifteen hundred millions.
I believe there are tew men of property who
could not raise the money to pay this tex, having
bonds to hypothecate. But it would not be neces
sary to require cash from individuate. A tex note
would be taken. This tex note, having a prior
lien overall ether debts, and in addition having
the bond collaterals attached, would command
money anywhere, aud be at a premium until our
currency became equal to gold and silver. They
vouldbe negotiable here and in every other
country. Such an assumption of our national
debt by the wealth of our country would silence
tbe now under current hinis at final repudiation,
and raise our bonds to the highest standard in all
European markets.
If this tex or forced loau be levied equally ot>
all the wealth of our country, its necessity, jus •
tiae and propriety will commend it to everybody,
for all would sea that it is better to give up even
half of our estates than to be a conquered people
and lose all.
Ths capital (bus far invested in bonds in the
OonreO-.rate States baa been drawn principally
from Banks, from merchants who have born
driven out of business and from trust estates anti
charitable institutions. Such sources have been
exhausted, and ft will be impossible to make
further progress in bonding by appeals' to tne
patriotism of the people.
We are a peculiar people, unlike auy of the
civil zed nations that nave engaged in extensive
wars in modern times. Wo have no great ni mey
capitalists. Our capital consists mainly iu lands
and negroes, and the habits (four wealthy people
tor generations have kept them in one channel;
that of producing cotton, tobacco and rice, the
surplus products to be invested in land and ne
groes. Much of our spare mercantile capita l ,
which has not been transferred to other countries,
has gone into the same channel. This thirst af
ter land and negro investments has absorbed our
millions of income, and kept us generally in
debt as much as a year’s ineom#. We have n >
uullionaire bankeis, merchants, manufaelureis
and other mentyed capitalists that live in splen
dor on incomes derived from money at interest.
Our planter) possess the wealth and intelli#
gence of tbe country and rule its destiny. In-,
debted as they wero al the commencement of the
war, they were not in a situation to invest in
bonds. It 13 not. reasonable to expect them to
volunteer to invest in bonds at the expense cf 1
incurring new debts or the necessity of selling
property. Many, very many planters, who sub
senbed to the Cotton Loan, sold the bonds im
mediately and invested tbe proceeds in the pay*
memos debts t iu tends and negroes, nod are
unwilling now to sell—even to aid the Govern
ment—auy of their agricultural products for less
than the highest market value for currency.
Many are not willing to sell for currency at auy
price. Thia is all very natural, but it te tuino-us
to the Government, and g'afvation to towns and
villages aud all that class of people who live ou
fixed itiiomes.
From 1842 «o 1847 the price of cotton ranged
here at 4 and 6 cents per pound, corn at 85 to 40
cents a bushel, flour ut to a barrel, bacon at 4 to
4% cents a pound. There being no foreign <!e«
maud for cotton, it Would rule lower now, if the
oureency waa in a sound condition. There being
such a vast breadth of land planted in grain, it
would be correspondingly cheap.
If we can get ixaek to what is equal to a specie
currency, we cun endure a teir years war, and
still bo able to pay our national debt, Hence it
becomes the duty of every man who has a par
ticle of patriotism to come forward and support
any remedial measure that our Government may
adopt, however burdensome ft may be, and thus
save our country and our glorious cause.
The present heavy Tax Bill will not, I fear, re
duce tho amount of fl >ating currency. Every ar
ticle of consumption is so enormously high, and
there ii so much uncertainty in financial and
commercial uffiirs, that there is no such thing as
anticipating the coming wants of the Govern
ment.
The tax in kind, although it relieves the Treas
ury from outlay?, will, notwithstanding, require a
large issue of paper currency to pay the salaries
of assessors and collectors, to build new depots iu
which to store the various products, to furnish
grain sacks, and to defray the heavy expenses of
transportation, to s»f nothing of the waste and
damage of grain incident to transportation aud
storage.
The Government has undertaken a most com
plicated job in this matter. The tax in kind re
lieves tbe agriculturist from the necessity of
going into the markets with his products to pros
cure money with which to pay his taxei. You
thus make him independent es treasury notes,
which some are refusing to take for debts, and
for which they reluctantly sell anything they
have. This mode of taxation relieves the agri
culturist trom tbe necessity of hauling his grain
and other products to market. It is a very happy
relief from trudging through the mud some
thirty, fifty, or a hundred miles to a railroad ue«
pot, at his own risk.
This would all be very well, were it not for its
effects on the curenoy by circumscribing Its field
of circulation, and by dispensing, os it does,with
the necessity that would exist, for planters to
become tbe ready recipients of treasury notes—
an article that many people distrust and are un
willing to hold longer than they can find any
thing to invest it iu.
I think that seven per cent, should be estab
lished interest of our Government to induce in
vestments, and that all treasury notes ought to
be placed on the same footing. Otherwise there
will be contusion aud distrust. Anything that is
calculated to depreciate one class of bills will
inevitably tend to cast a shade of distrust over
ail.
2. It is all important that tbe Government main
tain an untainted oredit,and nothing be done that
I would indicate the slightest disposition to repu-
I diate. We are now in the situation of a wealthy
I merchant who has been overtatoen by adverse
circumstances with abundant means te pay, but
without ability to meet his engagements except
by new loans. Interest is a matter of no consid
eration with him, he does not attempt to dictate
terms; but meets bis creditors in a liberal spirit,
cost what it may.
I have no tears respecting the ultimate pay
ment of our national debt, if ft be anywhere be#
low two thousand millions. We will be able to
i make the world pay it by an export duty on cotton
alone, American cotton is the world’s necessitv.
Five cants per pound export duty will not close
the markets of other nations against it, or detract
i from its value here. If the United States pur
chase it, er give up that which is the foundation
ol her gigantic wealth and power—tho commerce
of the world iu cotton goods. If England is a
i purchaser, France, Spain, Russia and all other
nations engaged in manufacturing cotton for the
markets of the world will oe forced to follow her
example. Englund may use Bombay cotton for
1 a substitute while other nations can do no better;
but if other couniiies could procure American
Cotten with five cents per pound added to a pay
ing price here, she would at once become a oom
i petitor for cur great staple. In thia way our
national debt, if it can be kept within the limits
I have indicated, would be easily extinguished.
I am, with great respect,
Your obedient servant.
Wm ‘ ttKoa>
' ARMY CORRESPONDENCE
ofthb Savannah Republican,
»OB£<?RANB’ POSITION AT CHATTANOOGA.
Lookout Mountain, Tenn., Sept. 28.
Roseorans haa not evacuated Chattanooga, nor
is there any reason to believe that he has any
such intention. The long lines of infantry, cav
alry and artillery reported by the signal corps
some days ego to be crossing the Tennessee to tbe
north side, are now believed to have been forces
sent out for the purpose of escorting provision
and forage trains to Stevenson and McMinnville,
whence the Federal army obtain their supplies.
Their wagon trains have been sent across the
river aud parked only for greater safety. A few
brigades of infantry have also been trnsferred to
the north bank with a view to guarding Butler’s
ford, four miles below the northern end of the
mountain, and Kelley’s ford, some nine miles
further down. The river at the town is m the
form of the letter 8., m the northern curve of
which, but on the southern side of tbe river, the
Federal army is encamped. A heavy battery has
been planted on tbe tongue of land or the north
side and in that part of the curve which sweeps
around to the south. This position gives them
an enfilading and oblique fire upon an attacking
column moving against their front, which is also
defended by three lines of breastworks running
from one curve of the river to the other. These
liues form a semi-circle m front, and are the
complement to tbe bend of the river in the rear.
Within the circle thus formed by the river in
the rear and the lines of entrenchments in front,
there are a number of hills or elevations which
are crowned by formidable earlbworks and bate
iertes. Some of these defences were erected by
Gen. Bragg, but they have been greatly strength
ot ed and multiplied by Roseorans since the bat
tle. There is a star-shaped fort of large extent
in front of the railroad depot and near the centre
of the second line of breastworks, 800 or 1,000
yards to the right of this, on the line of the East
Tennessee Railroad is another work of equal die
mentions, but different in form. This seems to
baa redan. Back of these two works, on an emi«
m-nca near the river and between them, is a strong
redoubt. On the high hill behind the town are
oilier batteries admirably located. Indeed the
entire curve of the Tennessee occupied by the
ecienay is covered with a net work of forts, breasta
works, masked batteries and rifle pits. Many es
them can ba seen distinctly from Lookout Moun
tain, whilst only portions of others can be dea
teeted among the trees and behind the hills.
When viewed from our picket lines in front, as
I saw them this morning, they look formidable
euougb.
Can this stronghold be taken by a direct as*
sault? Were Vicksburg and Fort Wagner thus
taken* Strong as tbe position is already, Rose-*
ciaus shows no disposition to relax his efforts to
render it really and absolutely impregnable. Day
and night his engineers are at work. Possibly
tbe place could have been carried by storm,
though not Without heavy loss, had we pressed for
ward fioin the victorious field of Chioamauga. If
any mistake has been committed, it was in not
muking the effort at that time. It is too late now
1 tear. It may be, only two alternatives are left
us ; either to dig up to the place as the enemy did
at Vicksburg and Fort Wagner, or to mancauvre
him out of it. To do the former, will require
time and labor; io do the latter, will be difficult
aud hazardous, as will be apparent to the most
casual observer of the map of Tennessee.
This is not the only disagreeable truth we have
to record. Reinforcements have reached Rose
crans ainoo the battle, aud others are expected.
Prisoners and citizens report the arrival oi Bum
side’s column, and late Federal papers bint that
other troops are en the way. The retention of
Chattanooga is considered as of the first import
ance, not only as regards Tennessee, but as a
point d'avpui in the future conduct of the war;
und it will be held if possible. The papers adv
mil tho defeat of Roseorans, but ascribe ft to the
large reinforcements which they say were sent to
Bragg.
It is understood that the four bridges burnt by
the Confederate cavalry, on the Georgia State
Rjilroad, have been rebuilt, and that the cars are
now running to Chickamauga station. When will
our people learn that they injure themselves only
when they destroy railroad bridges ? The bridges
could not ba used by the enemy without cars, and (
of the tatter they had none ihis side of the Ten
nessee, and could not get any in a space of time
which would not have neen ample to replace the
bridges.
R jsecrans sent In this morning under a flag of
truce, one hundred and ninety-two ambulances
and several wagons with supplies.for his wounded
in our hospitals, v ho have been paroled and
will be returned to him this evening and to
morrow. The ambulance train was met at a
point between the two picket lines, and there
turned over to Confederate drivers who will go
for the wounded, bring them back to the same
point, and there deliver them to the Federal
authorities.
It is believed that 10,000 will cover our loss in
frilled, wounded and missing, and that 20,000
will cover the enemy’s, including 7,000 prisoners,
of whom 5,000 were well men taken in battle.—
There seems to be some doubt about the wagons
reported among the spoils of the victory, and the
number of flags taken is twenty and not forty, as
reported to me by one of the highest officers in
Iho army. Os the 28,000 stand of small arms
picked up on the battle field, a portion of them,
of course, were dropped by our own killed and
wounded.
It is reported that a few more guns have been
found, m addition to those captured in the fight.
The number is now said to be forty-thres. The
flags taken have been sent on to Richmond by
the brave meu who captured them and such com
puny officers as greatly distinguished themselves.
It is not probable that our killed will exceed
1,000. Os the remaining 9,000, it is not believed
that more than 2,000, if so many, were severely
wounded—all the rest receiving comparatively
slight wounds.
There has been no rain here for eight weeks.
It is exceedingly dry and dusty, and the supply
of waler rather scant. P. W. A.
Rev. Mr, Verner, of Blount county, East Ten
nessee, informs the editor of the Register that
the whole Federal force in East Tennessee does
not exceed 10,000 men. They are fortifying
Knoxville, are buying all the wheat at one dollar
a bushel, and are contracting for all the pork.
They only leave wheat to sow and meat enough
to subsist each family, they being judges. No
depredations have been committed, except that
the negroes have all gone to work on the fortifi
cations,
The Rev. Messrs. Martin and Harrison are not
now in jail.
Athene is again ip the bands of the Fede
rate.
The Federate in East Tennessee are organising
homo guards, and where a man will enlist they
pay him <402 bounty.
Prisoners recently captured in East Tennessee
report the death of Col. Bob Johnson, Andy
Johnson’s second son. He ist-aid tohave died at
Huntsville, Ala., in a drunken fit. It will be
recollected that his oldest son was thrown from
his horse in Nashville some five or six months
ago and killed while on a drunken frolic. Thus
te the arch traitor reaping the reward of his vil
ainy,
VOL. 16—NO. 38.
» FROM THK ENEMY'S LINES.
[iXTStaOr BBOM A LBTTSB BBOH COL JAMBS A NISBBT. f
3 Cloverdile, Dadb County, Ga., I
, September 28, 1868. J
CorrMpondenoe of Ike Telegraph.
I sit down to write yon something of my expea
’ rience of two weeks in the Federal lines. My
’ sons being in the Confederate army, and Hasie
-1 hurst en public duty, all their property here was
• exposed to the ravages of invasion. So I detero
’ mined to stay and save what* I might from spolia
-1 tion and destruction ’Tls well it is so, as some-
thing has been preserved. Little did I dream
• that Roseorans would cross the Tennessee River,
’ scale Raccoon Mountain, descend into this little
‘ valley, and then ascend Lookout Mountain with
r the greater part of hte large, army. Instead
s thereof, the most looked for was a raid, or a flank
r movement from Huntsville by the Guntersville
r route to Rome. But the confidence of his army
> was unbounded, and Bragg had fled before so
> often, that the conquest oi Georgia seemed to tbe
" vain glorious host only a question of a short
■ time. ‘ *
In putting his army in motion, Roseorans isn
sued an address, telling them " they would have
hard marching, but little fighting." And when
his army was here, the burden of their inquiries
was as to the distance and routes to. Rome. At
lanta, Augusta and Macon. The officers seemed
particularly anxious to know if the cotton in
those cities wonid ba burnt as their army ap
proached. In the talk of officers and men the
rebellion was virtually crushed and that Job
finished, Eagiand was to be next punished for
u furnishing ns armed vessels, and tbe French
driven out of Mexico. This little county, with a
voting population of five hundred, having sent
four large companies into tbe war, was marked
' eut for their vengeanee; and too fearfully has it
suffered for its patriotism. Fifty thousand Fed«
eral soldiers, wish there immense retinue of
■ wagon trains, have eaten up its substance and
i df*L en Z lB 8too J : ‘ 4 U a wi< l® spread scene
or desolation and ruin. Corn, meat, poultry,
’ horses, mules, cattle, harness and gearing, all
• have been swept away. The Federate avowed
r starvation to be their purpose, and when they
left their consolatory valedictory was, "as is Dade
so we will soon make the State of Georgia.” The
condition of tbeir army, in every respect except
its morale, was superb, their artillery and small
arms of the most approved patterns and style,
; their commissary departments well supplied,
and their rank and file veterans of the war.
1 The bone,, muscle, and brain of. the privates
were notable, and amongst their officers Gena
erate Rosecrans, Thomas, Negley, McCook, Sheri
dan, Lyttle and Stanley were distinguished.
No wonder they felt confident—numbers they
had and large reserves at home. One thing
they left out of their calculation, and that waa
for the first time they were to meet Southern
men, away from their gunboate. If this army was
confident, it was equally ferocious. With the ex
ception of a few officers, it was acting and fight
ing on the most radical war policy. In this I was
greatly disappointed. I nad not supposed the
virus of New England had so deeply struck into
ft ?\ eßt 2 r *?. ~a rm. ® ut 11 woa noticeable that
whilst fighting to free the negroes, this army bore
no love to the poor negroes. They avowed ha-
of the black race, and their desire and pur**
pose to rid the South ot them to make place fbr
white labor. Be assured, two-thirds oi the West
ern army are fighting foir that consummation.—
As to what they would dp with the negroes, their
opinions were various. Some said send them
back to Africa; others, colonise them in Central
America; a few, build with them the great Pa
cific Railroad, and not a few "damn them, kill
ena. In this region, particularly in the adjoin
ing counties of Alabama, are a few Union men.
These suffered as much as others—the doctrine
of the Federate being, if they are Union men they
will B>ve up all to support our army, As far as
it could be judged, the Federate have little re
spect for Union men, regarding them as either#
ppltroouß trying to save their property, or mon-'
warw thfe ß 81<le8 *B ainßk section in
1 gFh’iefh Saturday and Bunday,
l ii • 1 r was in ten to fifteen
n 6 »a °^ ÜB ' i We distinctly heard tho artillery.
0“ S“ n "•‘Chea the tide of bailKfeom 10
k “““down. Ji told ,E e to)e of
laSFrfrfL’i aad ,' h *‘our gallant Southern men
before them. From
Aa ark the deeming cannon receded
towards Chattanooga, and, as the sun went
?h7« D ,d y T °" e J*» aa rolled along
the sides of smoky Lookout, brought to ouranx
%“ Buranees °f viotory. And such a
victory I Thia war cannot boast its equal, and
tfe h-ln 0 ? V‘° tor J for Georgia I Had that bat
en ' o . Bt A a ° ’ rgl ,“ woUld haTe bien “ado a
desert, and its proud, spirited people brought
to beg rations of their conquerors. Oh, my bro
ther! you and those we love so well, little dream
wbat yo” have escaped. And as it ia, you may
only have a respite ot your life and liberty. The
tr-p» r HJa? TOWe ?’u Wll “ here » that tbeir reserves
?"l g ‘? ome ’ and « if the y ha d not men
d ° ‘beir work, they would soon get
them. Be assured invasion will spread its ra
fl“ent waves over Georgia soil. F
hJih«- nem J . re K*rd Georgia aa nowsuatainingjhe
bellion, and in reference to her their cry is,
lAeyo drZWa rtf" Georgia must be crushed,
ana then Texas, and our work is done, say the
Federals. Thon, let not Georgia be lulled into a
false, delusive security. They may look lor in
vasion, and prepare for its awful horrors. Be tip,
then, and gird on your armor, every man of
B °"?% ‘‘“b and «inews, for the day of your fierce
trial is postponed, but not averted. Georgians
must fight, or be subjugated. Depend on it, one
or the other ia inevitable. God save them from
the last.
Following the Federal army, were a number of
negroes, for the purpose of inducing slaves to
leave their owners. These, and a number of
whites also, addressed themselves assiduously to
the work of getting off our negroes. Every artiw
floe was used, and appeals the most seductive
made to our trusty blacks, to leave us and as
sume the status of freedom. Out of eighteen, one
boy of ten. Alfred, and one of thirteen, of the
21“ Wlnter ’ of Mary left
us, and the latter returned two nights aao
heartily tired of his new friends. The rest of our
servants resented tbe appeals made to them aa
msuulte at once to their fealty and understand'
Jbe rule which seemed to be adopted by
L h „ e . y®^t u, !L wßß ‘J 0110 U , ke ofl ne K roes by force
10 them along whenever they went to
them. Wingfield lost three—Emma, a woman,
and two boys, which he bought in Virginia last
fall. Hezleburst lost none. It is a terrible temp
tation for negroes to withstand—freedom, clothes
and wages promised them. But our sensible
servants met it all with tbe reply .- “We ure con
tent With onr lot, and go where we may we’ll
have to Work for our litng.” How “u/’hearts
,be good « dear orealure s for such
fidelity it they were of our blood we oould not
feel more attached to them.
»i.O?s r P eraona l axperienoe was severe, during
h 8 WM here - °« n * Sheridan’s
division encamped on our land, and the blue
•oats swarmed around and about us. Thev
kiliedour pouftrv and most of our hogs-our
beautiful Devons and long.fleeced sheep were 1
driven to their slaughter pen—our bountiful gar- J
den was stripped, and smoke house, pantry and J
spring house, relieved of their contents—horses J
and mules driven away, and every piece of gear- ■
ing on the farm out to pieces. Thank God, howw
ever, m four days that they camped here, all A
could not be destroyed. Some hogs and
escaped their bullets, and corn and wheat
are left us for bread. lam sorry to add, that cW
majority of the families In this valley have
provisions enough left to subsist on, and must <1
suffer IMhe State does not relieve them. Let the ■
noble State ot Georgia taka caie of her suffering |
people. Walker county is in the rame sad de- 1
lemma. I|
OuTBAMMe TH! Dyinq.— The special correspond
ent of the London Times, writing from Balti
more, says that the hospitals in that oitv are un
4er the direction of some Union ladies, “ chiefly
from the North,” and at tbe head of the associa
tion is the wife of a Yankee schoolmaster, who is
patronised by Gen. Schenck. This woman wont
into ths Confederate ward with a Federal flag in
her hand, and "held the obnoxious stars and
stripes over the bed of a dying sufferer, saying,
as aha waved the rustling silk in his very face,
‘ There, my friend, you were loth to live under
this glorious banner; it must be refreshing to
yon at least to die under it.' *’
It is stated in a private letter, received tn
Washington, that the amount of the first olaim
(100,000 f against the Florida, now st Brest, baa
been arranged by Mr. Slidell, and that otbec
claims wonid be saUafaetorily adjusted,