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~~D EC LAB A TiCWOF \ N"D EPEN DEU C E. CONGRESS, July i,\V? re. WHEN in the.cour.se cf bu rn an events \ llecomes nteess:* ry one people -to dissolve therno jmeni bands which have cfenr>cct it -:a with another, and to as j ■:v,;rne among the powers of the! earth the separate and equal sta lion to which the laws of nature , and cf nature’s God entitle theta, ?•* decent resnect to the opinions * m vt mankind requires that they ■ fthonlJ declare the causes which : -jtnpfei them to the separation. We hold these truths to be seif evident—that ail men are cre aed equal; that they are endow* t. and by their Creator with certain \ .nihenable rights ; that among these are life* liberty, and the pursuit of hap;d less ; that to se cure these rights governments tnre instituted among men* deriv ing their just powers from the consent of the governed ; that whenever any form of govern snentbecomes destructive of these nds, it is the right of the .people to alter or abolish it, and to in stitute new government, laying its bn id,a im on such principles, j and org*:- iziiig ’iu powers in such I fom, as i > them shall seem most I Futly to tffec r their safety and j Nippiness. Prudence’, indeed,*! will dictate, teat governments j long established should not be j changed for light aid transient! causes; and aooordu.-giy all ex perience hath shewn that man iindare more disposed to suffer,! while evils are sufferable, than to j ,tright themselves by abolishing j. the forms to which they are ac customed : But when a long train! cf abuses and usurpations, pur-! cuing invariably me same object, ! evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is j their right—it is their duty— to’ throw off such government, andj to provide new guards for their, future security. Such has been I the patient -sufferance of these! colonies, and such is now the ne cessity which constrains them to alter their former systems of gov ernment. The history of the! present king of Great Britain is a '■ history of repeated injuries andj usurpation®, ali having in direct! object the establishment cf an ab-1 tolute tyranny ever these states, j To prove this, let facts be sub mitted to a candid world; He has refused his assent- to laws the most wholesome and ne- j cess ary for the public good : He has forbidden his govern- j 0r.3 to pass laws of immediate St; pressing importance, unless sus pended in vheir operation till his j assent should be obtained ; and j when so suspended, he has ut terly neglected to attend to them : He has refused to pass other Jaws for the accomodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the legisla ture ; a rignt inestimabfe to them, and formidable to tyrants only : He has called together legisla tive bodies at places unusual, uu livable, aud cfetauUrtm the depository of the it public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures: He has dissolved repre&enta • live houses repeatedly for oppo sing, with manly firmness, his in vasions on the rights cf the peo ple : . lie hasreTased, for a long time after such dissolutions, to cause ■others to b<r elected,whereby the , legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to | the people at large for their exer j else ; the ‘remaining in the ! mean time exposed to all the dan gers of invasion from without and convulsions'vvhhiii : He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; lor that purpose obstructing the laws for -naturalization of foreigners; r efusing to pass others to encour age their migration hither, and raising the conditions of new ap propriations of lands: He has cb-.trueted the admin istration of Justice, by refusing his assent to laws fbr establishing judiciary powers: He lias made j udges dependent on his will alone for the tenure of their offices, and the amount & payment of their salaries : | -Me has erected-a multitude of tnew offices, and sent \ hither j swarms ul officers to harrass our | people and eat out their sub* [stance 4 y j He has kept among us in times cf peace standing armies, without the consent of our legislatures: He has affected to render the j ! military independent of and su perior to the civil power : ; 1 He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and!; unacknowledged by our laws;, giving his assent to their acts of I pretended legislation : Tor quartering large bodies of armed troops among m : ■For protect ing them, by a mock-trial, from punishment for any they should commit on the inhabitants of these stares; For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world : j For imposing taxes on us with out our consent : ! For depriving us inmany ca- f ; ses of the benefits of trial by jury. For transportingusbeyond the | ! seas to be tried for pretended of-! fences : For abolishing the free system ■ of English laws in a neighboring ( j provir.ee, establishing therein an ! arbitrary government, and en- : larging its boundaries so as to ; render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the jsame absolute rule into these j colonies : For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable! laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments : I For suspending our own legis latures, and declaiing themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection and Waging y-ar a gainst us; He has plundered bus sejtsu ravaged our coast, burnt our] towns, and destroyed the lives of j otir peoplt : . . /. -i He is at this time transporting’ , ..large armies cf foreign mercena ries to complete the v/erks ot death, desolation and tyranny, al ready begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally Unworthy the ’ head of a civilized nation': He has constrained our fellow citizens taken ’captive on the high seas to bear arms against their country, to become executioners cf their fiiends and brethren, or to fail themselvesby their hands: He has excited domestic insur rections amongst us, and has en deavored to biiigori the inhab itants of cur frontiers the mere!- lesstndtan savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistin-. guished destruction of ail -ages, sexes and conditions. In every stage of these op., pressions we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated petitions, have been answered only by re pealed injury. A prince whose character is thus marked by e very act which may define a ty rant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. In or have we been wanting in attentions to our British brethren We have warned them from time to time pf attempts made by their legislature to extend an uiiwsr rantable j urbdiction over us.—- ; We have reminded them cf the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice ik magnanimity ; and we have con jured them by the ties of our j common kindred to disavow these ! usurpations, which would inevi ! tahiy interrupt our connexions 5c correspondence. * They too have | been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the neces sity which denounces cur sepa-! ration, and hold them as we hold the rest of mankind—enemies in wav, in peace, friends. I WE, therefore, the represen. j'tatives of the United States of A (mericain general congress assem bled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the recti ! tude of our intentions, do, in the name and by authority of the j good people of these colonies, sb i lemnly publish and declare,—’ , That these United colonies are, | and of right ought to be, Fkee j 1 and Independent States; they have full power to levy war, con clude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which in dependent states may of right do. And for the support cf this | declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Pro j videnee, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor. MILLED SEVILLE, JnH 20. It lift* !on been known, that the British Station at Appalachian liny, within the ■ Sp&imh territory, where Niblmls concen >rated his force ai;d erected Mort, has, since ’ve evacuated it, held by runaway ne jroes tad hfestUe fii&o huju ‘ i ts fe tko ‘jri’.lU-*) a* occasion aad lit ***• j not to have been ejsnet tci?,!!*®? an jmant sa peruifiotta to the SouthJ*r States, I holding cut to a part <fl‘ tlS6ir pfipnlitiin j (twoptations of, iasnhordinalipu, ironid hay* been aud’ered to ekiet after the dost of tlio j war. in theTaurfco c‘ last winter aasrfcrdl j ab.ves ffToni this neii lihorl ood fllrd lb tba.l fart; others have lately gene from |ee and the Mississippi Territory. BowT hmgfshall vhts ‘evil, repairing imtfedwte fm*dv, be permitted t t exist ? If the Sjp frds onttive at tkh usUAOj'e, urtpvit, nf respect to them (soil-tying frem it sent iHs and greater) eonliutiij to tof'rale it ? Tree, it v< tteSr’fee* riorinf limits/ and os §ood tlieV / snrnld this horde of j uJdan*, aa/H. deliver up the s'htvoa to their 6w sirs. Bui6 fihay decline do so or are dtlktvry a* out it, we can discover r>e reason why tae regul *.r tr<j(*|>s, of whotai thite are more £m& euou?h in the nation, should not ieVriir? wl on that service with the least poosibfa ‘A few hundrw. men down the river and g<irne up tflu b\y, wouftt readily effeet the rttjert. Be presentations of reiaatfstrauce* to tiio Genera! Gotero n?ent from'the ExecUfivt o of this s'ats Tennelsee, would prdhably draw thesir at tentrmi to this t,~oi little r*ss9- Ij’jfpee of onr Eastern bre:L?e, but oY utudai iuirortaaoe to ltd. I A-£Rjm?rrsely valuable tract of country south of the Big Beud of tla Tenneuse® river, part of the territory by Iho Creeks t.<> the United States, has been t v linjjnlshed hy our guvernineat to okoes, who sefnp a claitn to it, auppostd tv* have been little better thaufrivoloOß. T\>& people of TenaeKseo are extremely ‘ilissatii •tied, ..and cxprcfii strong al tat* mea-sure. A blcody alfray to *k p!?oe in county, Virginia', on too -89th uaiirno. bpi ween a Mr. Welf, a dclespitc in t?i* r 1 As*mhly and Il-nulolph tjwvcf Ihe late Col. Peter ndolpb us ti'at stvb*). i-Wmip nj&d by a C<*l. BeiWeei* Bißilolph and W't-'h th ere h;.d beea for soon 1 time a deadly feud. Aocordsug to Wells’ Bta'tfdnebt, Uttndolpb and Orees. hill came to his Jjotise armed, to'&tUnfr Hsnau ! Me was prepared to receive them with * ; brace of ptNlols each loaded with two Tfo•-fired first at Haadclph orly ter, feel oil ehiiUered hie wrist and v, cur.ds.sl hiflh. In (he breast—on ‘'GreebliilFs Wells shot him ia the hsad. By aeci tj?nt, or a tir%ular isiierpoeirioa of F*evi dence, the woartdt ci neuber arc supjs“<3l to be mortal. If the *rloß of ,he*r ad versary be Correct, Ka.ndofpb. was antom! w’ith four pistols jiS*d a horsewhip, ai;d UreenhtU With a pistol and a dirk fitenin Boot. —The subscripttoa for *qs* half of tfee eh&rc-s es a steem - boat, th® ma chinery of which if now making at FLuiaCeSw pbia, was instantly fifiod- up oil Wedaesduy morniug, as soon a the hooks were Chur let ion Courier Udh On Safortlay wight last, the oHieet# our ruetomi detected several persons tit tiue ar t of smuggling coffee, which they secure^ | but on Sunday night, the gnmggidrs h&fsut j increased their aireogth by uumbote, ouc bed the otccers, regained and bar® away the coßre. However, mast df the smuggler.* were evenUiatly eatight, and lolgd ia on for trial.— JST. V- Gazette, Jam §. Vcs ter clay morning at? o’clock, ahanaap bndy was thrown upon a. eart, and, sif*G#s ercl, earded ittroagh cur streets to the alms honse,! i It is said the poor wreteU sucketl ruin from a cask fyiut; on the wharf, Hod 1 died of intoxication. Il matters not-—it was worse than savage thus to expose a Leman Indy where society as certainly in & eivii iz<& slate. - Niles states in Lis Register, that the cul tivation of the cane has been sUeeessfuMy i undertaken upon the Banks of the Red Riv jer, in Louisiana, where them era vast bo dies of public land suitable t'er its growth. At Natoiiitoches, if yields Irom 5i503 to 30© pounds of sugar per arpent—f-ue acre of equal in value to tit < aerew of cotton, aud less expense in dull!.*atieo. It is believed'Uat cugsr will betionu* Uie grnnd! staple of tku Bei itivep country. , Albany According to a Uto general order, the uids-ile-eamp of the U. .HUies* Army, are in future to ue taken frouiiha ettbalteinak at the line. , ■ A very destructive firs broke out ia dk-bury, Vermont, ou Monday roarniag, 5Ut ultimo, which eoosumed three large ifouson ami fiye barus. Loss estimated at Lord Byron, it appears, from the EngKaU. papers, has, at l*:, separated from hife wile—and the diherent editOte ic I.oodoa are amusing thcinselveiv and the publia fel* stive to all the parties ucqeeracd in fho demistiv of tka iyi‘4v . , . ’ /lL*3Tr-4 -l U.lH* 4 -y