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From rhe Port Folio.
i ’- \- . ■sss • .. ;*’ ‘ /.f r \ . 4
BIOGRAPHY OF .
. ,‘T',
CAPTAIN JAMK.S LAWHENCE.
recent annals of our navy
have presented iso unbroken a suc
fefcssioiiof brilliant victories, achiev
ed #ith comparatively trifling loss,
as to excite throughout the country
a piire and almost unmingled senti
ment of triumph and congratulation.
But there as in human affairs no
security against accident ‘,or misfor
tune, and we have been, therefore,
at last, summoned to. the melancho
ly office of mourning the loss of one
of those disinterested seamen, Wlyfae
gallantry was but yesterday the bbast
of us all. The glory which he crea
ted for himself and for his country
will, however, long survive thq dis
aster which closed ms existence; &
we deem it a national duty, as well
as a grateful return, For the proud
satisfaction with which our hearts
once swelled at his successes, to
contribute our efforts td%Xtend and
perpetuate his fame.
Captain Jafhe* “Lawrence was
bbrn on the Ist of October, 1781, at
Burlington^;in New Jersey, and was
the youngest sonmf John Lawrence,
Esq. counsellor at law of that place.
Soon after his birth he had the mis
fortune to lose his mother and the
care of his early years? devolved on
nis two sisters, .who seem to have
cultivated the moral qualities of h’s
neant with singular success. At the
Mge of twelve, he evinced a strong
partiality for the sea ; fiut his father
disapproving of that plan of fife, and
wishing him to pursue the profession
•"if law, young Lawrence acquiesced,
and passed with reputation through
the grammar school at Burlington,
when finding that the pecuniary si
tuation of his father would not fur
nish him the means of completing
nis education at any college or*uni
versity, he‘commenced the study of
law with his brother, the late Jolift
Lawrenbe, Esq. at Woodbury, .. He
was now only thirteen years of age,
a period of life when the grave pur
suits of jurisprudence can scarcely
be presumed to have many attrac
tions ffor a young and ardent fancy,
already ; inflamed . with the love ot
wandering. JHb continued, however*
a reluctant student for about two
years, when the death of his father
leaving him more at liberty to pur
sue his favorite inclination,, he pre
vailed on his brother: to place him
under the care of MivGriscomb,
at Burlington, for the purpose of
studying navigation. lie. here re
mained for three months* at the ex
piration of which time,*; on applica
tion to .the navy department he re
ceived a warrant as midshipman, on
the 4tti of September, 1798.
His first voyage was in the ship
Ganges, capt. and ingey, on a cruise to
the West Indies. die aftferwardsx
&a led in different vessels for upwards
of two years, and then was made an
acting lieutenant on board the fri
gate Adams, capt. Robinson, where
he continued till the reduction of the
navy in consequence oL l #bt|h His
appointment was not confirmed, and
he remained in the rank oi midkhip
m%** - -J . ‘ , V
Oi\ the commencement ortlie war
with Tripoli, illfclSfril he was pro
moted to a lietlflrtaiicy, and sailed to
•the Mediterranean afc first lieutenant
of the schooner Enterprise, in J 803.
While insthis situation, he bore a
conspicuous part in an adventure of
singular tekfiicss, the destruction of
“the iVi gate Pii ilaJel phia. Lieutenant
t«°w commodore) Decatur, Who then
commanded Uie Enterprize, *seleel
rcnce a* his slcanthftf *«hjn:ma,’
embarked .on board the ketch’ Ihtre-
FeJjrirn'y acc
tu Un:-c4?hth-l4 b Xa
.... 1
ATHENS ; THURSDAY. MARCH 10, 1814.
Stewart, who was to aid with his
boats and. to receive the crew of the
ketch, in cafet it should be fouftd ex
pedient rt> use her as; a fireship. ‘»*
After fifteen days of tempestuous
weather they arrived at the harbor
of Tripoli a little before sunset.*-*
It had been arranged lieu
tenants Decatur and Stevßirt, that.
the ketch should enter the harbour a- *
bout ten o’clock that night, attended
by the boats of the Syren. On ar
§g off the harbor, the Syren,vin
equence of a change of wind,
been thrown six or eight miles’
\vithout the Intrepid. The wind at
this time was fair, but fast declining,
and lieutenant Decatur apprehended*
that, should he wait for the Syren’s
boats to come up, it plight be too
late to make the attack that
delay might be fatal to the en-.
terprize, as they could not remain
longei on the coast, their provisions
being nearly exhausted. For these
reasons he determined to adventure
into the harbor alone, which he did
about eight o'clock.
An idea v muy be formed of the
extreme hazard of this enterprize
from the situation of the frigate.—
She was. moored within half-gun
shot of the bashaw’s castle, and of
the principal'battery. Two of the
enemy s cruisers lay within two ca-.
oles- length, on the starboard, quar
ter and tneir gun-boats within half,
gun shot, on the starboard bow. * A\\
the guns of the frigate were mount
ed and loaded. Such were the im-.
mediate'perils that our hero ventur
ed to encounter with a single ketch,
beside the other dangers that abound
in a strongly fortified harbor. .
Although it was only three miles
fi o»ri the entrance to the place where
the frigate lay, yet, in consequence
of the lightness of the- wind, they
diet not get Within hail ,of her until
eleven o'clock , When> they had
approached .Within , Wo* hundred
yards, they were hailed and ordered
to anchor, or they, would be fired in
to. Lieutenant Decatur ordered a
| Maltese pilot, who was on board the
■ ketch, to answer that they had lost
their anchors in a gale of wind,on
the coast, and therefore could not
comply with their request. . By this
time it had become-perfectly calm,
and they were about fifty yards from
the frigate. Lieutenant Decatur or
dered a small boat that was along
side of the ketch, to take a rope and
make it fast to the frigate’s fore
chains : this, being done they began
to warp the ketch alongside. . It was
not until this moment that the ene
my suspected the character of their
visitor, and great confus.on immedi
ately ensued. This enabled our ad
venturers tb get alongside ot the tri
gate, | .when Decatur immediately
sprartg aboard, followed by ‘Mr.
Charles i - Morris, midshipman.—
These two were nearly a. minute on
the deck, f before their companions
could succeed in mounting the side.
Fortunately the Turks hud ;not suf
ficiently recovered from their sur*
prise to take advantage of this delay:
they were crowded together on the
quarter deck, perfectly astonished £c
aghast, without making any. Attempt
to oppose the assailing party. As
soon as a sufficient number’ of our
men had gained the deck to form
tront equal to that epemy,
they rushed in. upon them., -1 he
Turks stood , the^assault but asiort
time, and were completely overpow
ered. About; twenty. were ; ki tied on
the spot, many jumped overboard,
and the rest Red to the. main deck,
whither they were pursued and dri
ven tothe hold. * v
After entire possession had been
gained of the ship, and eve ry thing
’prepared to set fire toiler, a number
of launches were seen rowing about
the harbor. This deternjm&d Ueut.
I>ecatur to remain in the frigate,
from whence a better defence could
he made than. from on board the
ketch. The ‘ enemy ha 4 already
commenced , .firing on them from
their batteries ami castle* and tram
two* corsairsthatWere lying near.—
Perceiving that the launches aid not
SattempiFto approach, he ordered
that the ship should bsjgt on*fire,
which was dope, at theHime time,
in different pfi*ts. As soon as this
was ly effected they left
I her; ,arul such was the rapidly of
1 the Rames, that it was with the ut-.
S*pi^l
I t 10-, m directly ou* of the haibor :
t, Tri i Cm miniites rirried
1 l- ..... 1 I L
my’s guns, and they made good
their retreat without the loss of a
single man, and with but one wound
ed.
For this gallant achievement, lieu- *
tenant Decatur received a captaincy
—and congress 1 voted to Lawrence:
and tire other officers und crew*- two
months extra pay, which he declin
ed receiving. * r ‘
During the same year, when com
modore Preble bombarded the town
of Tripoli, the Enterprise, with the
other ships of the squadron, were
employed to cover during
the attack. On this occasion lieu
terrant Lawrence had the temporary
command of the Enterprize, and
performed his service in so gallant •
and seamen-like a manner, as to re
ceive the thanks of commodore’ Pre-‘
ble. • v .
. Frora| the* Ente rpri ze, he was
transferred to the Legate John A
dams as first lieutenant ; and after
remaining in the Mediterranean a
bout three years, he. returned with *
commodore Preble to the United•
States- • * : r;-* -
Spon after, he wa? again sent to
the Mediterranean as commander of
No. 6. >These vessels
were originally destined to serve
fine rely along the’ American coast,,
and however qualified for fiarbor or
river defence, were deemed exceed
ingly insecure in crossing the Atlan- 1
tic.- Being very small, with a dis
propcrtion%bly large gun and neces
sarily laden very ‘deeply, they labor
ed under every disadvantage in en
countering heavy gales. , So decided *
were the opinions of the naval offi
cers against them, that no one would
perhaps, have been willing to risk
his life in them on such a voyage,
fqr any motive of private advantage. *
or from any consideration, except’
the per ormanee of his duty. ‘ Law
rence has'told me.’ writes one of his “
brother officers, *that when he went
on board the gun-boat, ‘he had not .
the faintest idea that he would ever
arrive out to the Mediterranean in
her, or indeed, arrive any where ■
else. ’ Ftc has told me that on the
coast of Europe he met an English
frigate, the “ captain of which would
not at, first believe he had croosed
the Atlantic in such a Vessel.’ He
did not, however, go with less alac
.rittt and h« unexpectedly .arrived
saflly in the Mediterranean, wheife
heremaTced about sixteen months.
;Oh his"’ return from the Mediter
ranean, aftey the peace witfi Tripoli,
■he was appointed first lieutenant of
the frigate Constitution, and after
wards commanded the schooner Vi.\-
en, the sloop of wat* Wasp, the brig
Argus, and the ‘ship Hornet, witn
the rank of master attd EbnimarideV,
apd? was twice - sent to Europe with
dispatches to .oi:r ministers, in the
year 1803, he married a daughter of
Mr* Montaudevert, a respectable
merchant of Ne\V-York.
‘.-J The declaration of war again st-G.
Britain, in June 1812, gave anew
impulse, or rather anew existence
to the navy. Lawrence was at that*
ti me in New-York, in command of
of the ilo met ? and in a few (Jays
.sailed with a squadron, consisting of
the United States,,Congress*and Ar
gus, under the command cf commo
dore Rogers in the President. Their
object was to intercept the Jamaica
fleet.- After being detained for a day
by the pursuifeof the frigate
Belvidete, which ended in the escape
cf tae latter owing to her having
the advantage of the wind, the squad
ron followed the fleet with the ut
most alacrity, as well as the imperf
feet information of the vessel? they
met would permit, till the IStH of
July, when they reached within IS
or 20 hours sail of the English chan
nel- Disappointed in this chase,
they now ran down near the
thence back by the banks of New
foundland to Boston, where they ar
rived on - the August. Al
though this cruise*was markedby
no bold or prominent success, and
although *lhe squadron made only
seven captures,a single recap
ture, yet the failure is attributable
tp fortune 4|sly. At a moment when
the British navy, with its boasted u-
Jjiquity qpver'fcd the ocean, this liuAe
band cf adventurers sought their e
hemies m every quartern dared them
on their own coast, and after carry*,
ing sdarm through the mercantile
classes of England, returned
lested, and W>t victorh ifs, only be
o&e Jfc Sin Vie enen»y they en
countered sought'safety m H.ght.f
she cUy before the
the capture of the Gut-mere ; and
soon \ afterwards* the government
yielding .too*far to the universal and
natural emlnmcum excited by this
(gallant action,* prorr.otedylieutenant
Morris, the iirst office the Con
stitution, .to the rank of captain.'*—
As this appointment,-nowever, ad
vanced him two grades at once,
contrary to the ordinary rules of
promotion, >and thus placed him a
bove ail the masters and command
ers in the navy, it occasioned much
dissatisfaction among thorn. Capt.
louvre nee felt himself peculiarly in
jured by vit; inasmuch as he found
himself thus suddenly outranked by
one so mttch ljis junior. He there
fore addiessea a letter to -the. secre
tary of the, navy, in which, after
rendering the most ample justice to
the jperits of lieut. Morris, he re
, monstnfttd in mild and.; iirm, but
-respectful language, > against .so uiit
precedented a promotion, by which
he would be forced to leave the
vy». >ln 1-epiy'to this fair and manly
letter he received from live secret a- ’
ry of the navy, .a short and cohtempv
tuous answer, • merely acknowledge
ing the receipt of his letter, with aw
iotipiation that if', he chose to h ave,
the service without a cause, the: e
would still remain heroes and patri
ots to support the honor of the
This sarcastic note Lawrence receive
ed as he was on the point of sailing
from Boston. To have left the ser-l
vice .instantly would have been the I
natural impulsecbf this wounded
feelings, but at such a moment, wrttf
a fine ship apt! a gallant crew, with
sails unbent to meet the enemy, Me
could* not part;with the higb’hopH
of acquiring reputations lie; there
fore repressed his 1 indignation,’ and
in reply to the sec clary, after stit
ing his surprise and regret,'that a ky
thing which behalf written shoiiic!
have been ; deemed indecorous, jhe
apprised him that he.had prepared
a memorial on the subject to the jser
nate of the UnitcdStaUs, and shojrdd
be governed by their decision- ‘llhfo
example may be serviceable to mLny
officers, who, in a moment of dijup
pointment, at improper or unkind
treatment, are tempted touesig i.—
It is . better like Lawrence to ttitle
for a time the natural but hasty re
sentment of wounded pride, til i an
opportunity offers of proving, not
by our complaints, bin by oui[ nati
ons, that we have been* tinjusA ne*
glecled.. Lawrence* sailed underihe
impression of having bttyt kty?nly
vyour.ded by the secretary of tht,’ na*
vv, and seeing a junior placed over
him.On his return, he found that
secretary no longer in office, and
himself promoted in consequence of
his application to the Scnute. to t|he
ri"k pf captain, so as the
officer whose well deserved, though
irregular appointment had given him
so much uneasiness. .v
He now sailed ftom Dot top in the
Hornet, in company with comhiodore
Cambridge of the frigate Gonstiti>
Vi on,’ on a cruise to the Last Indies
but in running down the coast of 4he
Brazils, in the month ot December,
they found the Bonne Citoyenne, ft
British ship of .war, loaded with spe
cie, lying in the port of St. Salvador.
The Bonne Cityonne, v.as a larger
vessel and hud a greater force both
in guns and men than the ; Hornet j
but co eager was Lawrence to en
gage her, that he sent through-the
American consul at St. Salvador?; a
challenge to her commander* capt*
Greene, 4 l request. you to state, to
him,’said he, > that l will meet him
whenever he may be pleased to come
but, tuid pledge my honor that nei
ther the Constitution, nor any other
American vessel shall interfere.’—
Commodore Bainbridge at the same
time declared, 4 if capt. Greene wish
ed to try equal force, 1 pledge my
honor to give him an opportunity by
being out of the way or not interfer
ing/ Whatever might have been
the motive rtf capt. Greene, h e a
droitly evaded this offer by answer
ing, that although nothing would
give* him more satisfaction than U>
meet capjain Lawrence under dhu
* rent circumstances, and although he
was convinced that the result ol su h
encutmter c'ouid not long rem n
uitflccided in his own favor, yet be
was equally convinced that com mo
do re, Bainhvtdge too well the
paramount uuty be owed to
c juntiy, to remain an maci.ve spuj
tutor, while a ship of his ow n sc>g
ron U U into t!u* h»oitl* o’ the
that he could KMt^fl
pOliHt V-IUJj tll.u
NO. IF,\