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whose productions walled or
cd her own*; f Kuch would, be the
fate of the French establishments, il
the Fnglish should their ends...
Soldiers ! Let us devote to gene
ral opprobrium and execration ever)
Frenchman who shall have counte
nanced in any manner whatever, tin
insidious designs of the enemy, not
excepting him who. although for a
moment overcoipe, shall not have
sought all means imaginable for
their annoyance Let us also devote
to opprobrium and repudiate as
Frenchmen those who with the
means of personal defence, lay bold
of specious pretexts of dispensation.
From this moment there is no con
nection between them and us, and
we anticipate the inexorable history
which will transmit their names with
execration tp posterity, .As for us
our duty is marked out; Honor and
fidelity. Battle to the last, with
the enemies of our august emperor,
and our dear France ; respect for
persons and property ; pity the mis
fortunes of those who may be mo
mently subdued, and hasten the in
stant of their deliverance ; obedience
and discipline ; implacable hatred
for traitors, and the enemies for the <
French name ; war unto death with
those who attempt to divide, in or
der to destroy us \ Let tis always
Jear in mind fifteen centuries of
glory, and the innumerable triumphs*
which have illustrated our Country.
Fetus contemplate the prodigious
efforts of our great emperor, and his
signal victories, which will eternize
the French name. Let usprove wor
thy qf him, and then we may be
queath without stain, to our descend
ants the inheritance we received
from oqr fathers. Let us be French
men, and die with arms in oqr hands
sat her than survive our dishonor.
tfsffcn the quarter general, Ist
March 1814.
[ .ligped]’
The marshal of the Empire,
It.ge v. of the emperor.
Duke of DALMATIA*
%. - ‘V’ < ; A
from NILES’ REGISTER.
Reai Independence, •
;)T*k ; “* r j »*.. , m > * <% - ►"*
The following excellent paper was
read before the Agricultural Society
of PhiUdelphiab in February 1813, &
will appear in their 3d ved of trans
actions, which is now in the press.
The sentiments contained in this
paper, would.always deserve the se
rious attentate °f bur agricultural
fellow-citieens, but they are more
partxularly worthy of consideration
at the present time when owing to
the war the prices of various arti
cles hitherto deemed of the first ne
cessity, are necessarily much higher
than usual. ••
Observations on the propriety of a far
mer Jiving on the produce of his own
land , by fames Tilton , M. D.—
Heady Feb. 9,1813.
x, 4 • _ -"fp ,j
Bellevu*. ntar Wilmington, (Dei) Pec. 25,
: ißt3.
t Dear Sir—l have to beg your
pardon for omitting to contribute to
the useful labors of your agricultu
ral
ligence, I propose to entertain you
with a subject entir ly new. Multi
tudes s»f writers instruct us how to
raise corn, cattle. &c but I find nonc 4
of modem date, who inform, the far
mer how to live to the greatest ad
vantage, on- the produce- oF his
plantation. I shall attempt this, in
teresting subject, with this single a
pology, that I hope you will not ac
cuse me of vanity or egotism, from
the frequent reference to myself,
since 1 declare to you, that my ob
ject is to convince my feHow farmers
the opinions and advice Fgive are
as practicable, as they are reasona
ble and profitable. Indeed, heaonot
communicate ideas that have been
strongly impressed upon ray mind,
better than by .interweaving some
history of my domestic economy
since I become a farmer; together
witty the advantages resulting there
from-’
W hen I resol vedto retire to my lit
tle plantation of about 60 acres,. it
was natural to cast about, amongst
agri cultural authorities for advice
and instruction. As remarked above
| found many to advise me in the.
production of grain, stock, &c. but
Virgii alone how to eat and drink .
Besides regarding his Georgies as
standard of agricultural science to
this day, I was led to consider his
£< k>gue* as recommending agricul
tural life from the superior capacity
for enjoyment it gave to its votaries
gbove all other employments and at
the same time as recommending it.
to husbandman, to avoid the luxu
ries oi the day and live upon, the
produce of thsir farms. The beats*,
ties of the poet are, Tn my opinion
surpassed by the Wjsdojn of the phil
osopher. In that invi
tation of his friewl tg supper, hear
Lim sing! , ■ v
sunt nobif muio poma .
i.. jtanec n. uiies, 11 pt e*si cop in loci is.
■k The liberal tranlalioo we used to
this bill of iuie at grammar
we Uwt mellow apples,
lotted chiznutsy ati a pfent v of curds
andcr+'am. A volume might be writ*
ten on this single text. I will onh
remark,-that Virgil wrote at the
most luxurious epoch of the Homan
empire when the luxury and Extra
vagance of that people surpassed ev
ery thing that ever happened before
or since ; and yet this /sage patriot
advises, in a manner the mos| per
suasive and delightful, to live on
home produce.—ln this bill of fare
no foreign luxury is mentioned, but
only the delicious productions of
Mantua • ‘JT'* \■ *
Have we not occasion, of similar
advice in our days?, and oh, my
friend, that we could employ the
same influence 1 for the best classics
agree, that Macaenas the proud
misister of the powerful Augustus,
thought honored by Virgil’s
4 invitation*’
Independence has-been the theme
6f descant from (he days of 1776 to
this time* During sie revolution,
independence of government or seif
government, as it was emphatically
was the rage, from Georgia
; to Maine.
At present an equal zeal appears
for independence in our clothing, &c
yet, strange to tell, few or none of
? us think of eating and,drinking inde*
pendontly. Is it not a thousand times
more ridiculous to send to the East Sc
West Indies for breakfast & supper,
than to Europe for clothing ? It
would seem as if we were so consti
tuted as to admit but one subject at
a time into our heads and that one
of dire necessity. We are compet
ed 46 make our own clothes ; and
Providence may in compassion to
our weakness, by cutting us off from
foreign luxuries, oblige us to eat our
own better victuals. All good men,
like Virgil, will be forward and ear
ly in promoting a reformation, e
qually important in private economy
add pnblic policy. K's
Whatever apology the inhabitants
of cities and towns may hare, for their
obstinate adherence to tea, coffee, See.
surely farmers have none. Their
farms furnish much better food, and
at a cheaper rate. How then are we to
estimate the folly of crossing the o
cean at an expence and hazard incal
culable, Tor the sole purpose of indul
ging in articles universally admitted
to be injurious to health and destruc
tive of property ? A Chinese would
give ten breakfasts of tea for one of
milk. An Ahtericad . farmer pur
chases tea, at great expence, when
he might have a plenty of milk and
other good things for nothing—
Which of these characters inscovcr
the wise dictates’ of native distinct *
and which shews us the- depravity of
infatuation? \
But a gentleman farmer, who has
plenty of revenues, and may live as he
lists and do as he likes,, will answer
me, that I reason like an. attorney on
one side, regardless of the good sense
and general information of my fellow
citizens. I, in that case reply, that I
acknowledge myself aft attorney Upon
one side, and the general information
of my fellow citizens ; and, therefore,
do not hesitate testate my arguments
with confidence & energy*against a
peculiar infatuation. And if called
upon to-account for it, I answer:
v that when we were British colonists,
we were forced to be subservient to.
the lucrative policy of the mother
country, we were taught to drink tea*
’coffee, tu da See* and to indulge in a
variety of foreign luxuries hr subser
viency tq their carrying trade. They
did not encourage the Hke among
their own people. The policy of the
British was to favor the use of their
own malt liquors and other domestic
productions ; and to prohibit rum, e
ven ©» their own colonies; and tek
,and coffee were dotied and regulated
in such a manner, that the use of
them was very limited, among far
mers at least. They thought it more
expedient to send them to us ; and
would fain have made us pay duty
upon them, besides freight and other
Charges. This'gave occasion,to our
disunion; and considering we had
spirit an J energy enough to separate
from so unjust a nation of merchants,
I appeal to the good sense of my
countrymen, if it is not very aston
ishing that it has never yet occurred
to us, to abandon the vicious and in
jurions habits imposed upon us by
mercantile intrigues* it might well
have been expected; that we should
haye felt some resentment at the
means employed, as well as the mea
sures of government, for enslaving
us. But strange to tell, from the
day of our deliverance to this time,
we have consumed their teas with
apparent delight* / £
my plan may be further criti
cised, by asking how dp you ent<e stein
your friends without tea or coffee ? I
answer, that I do not own either tea
cups of saucers, and yet, 1 am at no
loss to entertain my friends agreeably.
My dinner is net very different from
that of other folks* Breakfast and
supper I eat out of soup plates. Sup
peys the principal meal of entertain
ment ; and with the best fruitsofrtpe
season, with and wiihnut ccoking ;
bread, butter cheescfhc. I can make
a hjmdscr.l- display, and r furnish a
more deli i6us and salutary aliment,
with tea. and coff Old and
young never fail to commend those
repasts. It must be confessed how-’
ever, the more advanced th years fre
quently remark, that, however they
may now and then relish a feast ol
this sort, they are very reluctant to
relinquish their old habits. . But I
have the satisfaction to observe that
all my younger brethren and sister*.,
who are less corrupted by fashion
and habit, do not hesitate to declare
their willingness to give up their tea\
and coffee, every day % far a ‘Virgilian
snpper.^
But what are the advantages of
this Vlrgilian economy ? I answer,
many* „ In apolitical point of view,
it give! us independence* This re
quires no demonstration. It also
saves mhny lives ; for since my re- 1
sidenceat.or near Wilmington, more
fine young men of the borough have
diedin West-India trade, than from,
any other cause whatever.
As to expence, besides, the tea and
china ware, the time and maintenance
of one person about a house is nearly
saved frotti the washing and piddling
which these frivolous trinkets re
quire*
* In point of health, if you will in
dulge me in talking about myself, as
a familiar example, I will inform
you how I “have profited by Virgil’s
advice, v When I resided at Dover,
in a flat country and vapid atmos
phere, the faculty advised me to live
above the climate. Besides my meri
dian before dinner, I generally drank
my wine in the afternoon. All would
not do. I was-obliged ttvfly for my
life to this hilly country. While I
resided in Wilmington, I continued
my usual habits. Soon afterwards I
was attacked by the gout, and had
regular fits for some years. Since I
became a |farmer and indulged the
Virgilian economy, I have never had
the gout* For more than twelve
years I have been free from this
scourge of intemperance. Although
lam now on the wrong side of sixty
years of age, my feet have recovered
thei r tone and hardihood ; I can walk
and ride, and do manual labor as
well as ever I could* The trimming
of my orchards is an amusement re
served for my own hands, for I would
not be hired to let an awkward fel
low spoil my fruit trees. I have
j learned to reap or mow ; M I can
shock wheat, or make hay, with any
body. Besides, lam chief gardener
in a lot of two acres. My local situa
tion precludes me from extensive
professional duties ; but such as falls
to my lot are not neglected. All
this too without self-denial, So great
as might be Imagined t for although
I have quit the use of wine, along
with other foreign luxuries, I in
dulge in a cheerful glass of spirit and
water, once pr twice a day. For this
purpose, I prefer good rye whiskey
or high proof apple-brandy ; for I
scorn to go abroad sos any things that
I can get better at home.
Are not these advantages- worthy
of communicating to> my brother far
mers r Is there a man among you,
that duly estimates a cheerful and
vigorous old age, free from painand
decrepitude, who will think these
blessings dearly purchased by taking
Virgil’s ad vice,-to» live on the produce
of his o&n farm*
It would take up’ too much time
xnd’ space tp* as to the
rest of my family. Suffice it to ob
serve, that if any of them go from
home a few days* they rejoice on
returning to their domestic fare ;
ffi I have never known a person yet,
who had once li veed with me, that
objected to returning, and living with
me again, on, account of the well
known family economy.
By living on the produce of our
farms, I would not wish to be under
stood, as excluding all trade and
commerce# Individuals, may ex
change, and states and {nations trade
to advantage. But these abstract i
deas are very different from the ha
bitual, folly of our country- Trade
should be encouraged when advanta
geous ; but a commerce that is inju- j
rious ought to be Repressed. The
different states of the union, might
exchange commodities tp great ad
vantage even in articles of diet.—-
These should be regarded’as domes
tic produce, and Ought certainly to
be preferred to those of foreign
growth. ‘There is a distinction to be
taken between sending to New-Eng
land fpr cod-fish, and sending to Gai
ns for tea. The same may be said
of bringing rice from Carolina, and
- from the West-Indies. Having
jx continent of our own, if domestic
commerce were only cultivated, we
should have occasion but for few ar
ticles from the eastern continent*.—
As no tin has been* discovered in A
merica, we ought to import it from-
England or else where* as we can get
it most conveniently. But certainly
the importation of iron ought to be
discouraged.
You will perceive that I have ad
vocated a general proposition, that
of living oh domestic fare, in prefe
rence to foreign luxuries. Much
might be added in dcUil on the suV i
jebt of frugal, healthful and indepen
dent living. Your treatise on brown
biscuit is an excellent specimen of,
of this sort. Although I commenc
ed the use of biscuit along with my
husbandiki you have taught me to
make it than 1 used td
My present composition is two pkrts
of ship stuff and one of common
flour. The bakers inform me, a lit
tle flour is necessary to the due con
sistence tenacity of the. dough.*—
Well baked biscuit of this sort with
boiled milk, is my regular breakfast
at home. |leing always ready 1 find
biscuit a great accommodation to a,
family. I commonly break my bis
cuit in a wooden mortar, which 1
happened to have for shop usee I
-of mine, who had lost his
teeth, took occasion to obseive one
day at breakfast, that he found my
mortar the best substitute for
that he had ever discovered r I men
tion these little circumstances with a
view to remove all possible objecti
ons to a form of a bread that is e
qually frugal, healthful 8c delicious
Regarding this essay as funda
mental to the subject of indepen
dent living, if well received by your
society, it may give encouragement *
to numberless details Till tending to
shew the wide distinction between
good living anfine or iashioaable
living : a distinction which if gene
rally and well understood, would be
of immenae consequence to society
at large.
With great I am, clear
sir, your fritnd and humble servant.
JAMES TILTON.
Richard, Petes, Esq* /,
Presidentof the Philadelphia Agri. Sue.
[The editor of the Weekly Register ,
who has the honor to consider Idr>
Tilton [physician and surgeon gener
al of,the United States} uS a revered
friend, has partook of the repasts he
describes*? that excellent man literal
ly lives as he recommends that oth
ers should do ] %
.; „ ,am *
IV
. From the Liverpool Mercury of April 7^
POLITICAL OBSERVATIONS.
The political occurrences which this week
! present themselves to our notice, are the and e- ;
pression of stocks, the rupture of the negoti
ations, the substance of the last despatches
from the alhed armies, and the cause ofthe
> Bourbons. The. two first are supposed tq be
intimately connected; with other. That
the monied gentlemen of the .stock exchange
are not, in any eminent degree, endowed
with political wisdom, may be readily admit
ted, since any report, however absurd, and
from whatever quarter, is certain-to have some
effect otvheir transactions. Still they become,
by habit possessed of a sort of intuitive cun
ning in the financial affairs of (he state, and
when tfiose affairs continue for any length of
time in one direction, the public may general
ly depend ow theijr being in the right. Their
very lightness and liability to momentary
fluctuations prove, that like the cork on the
water, or the feather in the atr„they are capa)_
Me of showing the course of the current, by
which they are carried along. This current
in the money market of the-state, is public
credit, and the continued depression of the
stocks, in spire of what the Times,, Courier
and; their underlings endeavor- to demonstrate,
i is an incontrovertible proof that the continu
ation of the war is not a- favorite object with
the body ofthe public creditors. The money
agent who acts as broker between the govern
ment and the people, and who'for his manage
ment and negociations, turns the enormous
expenditure of the state, to hMimmediate ad
vantage, may rejoice at the continuance of the
war, but the bona fide holders or purchasers
of stocks, who in the present situation of the
country, Compose a very great majority Os the
nation, feel that wadis detrimental to the te
al secilHty of such property. ‘I loan job
bers and contractors, who with W few mista
kes speculators, who ridiculously imagine that
markets are to be opened by force of arms, are
the promoters of the vociferous war wfcoop
; which is so incessantly resounded from one
end of the kingdom to the other. It is a li
bel on the British nation to assert, that it is
so Mind to its own’ interests,-or so toyt to ev
ery sense of humanity, as to rejoice in a con-#
test which.devours the treasures and under
mines the credit of this country, vyb;le it inun
dates the continent with blood. The depres
sion of stocks, on the failure ofthe negotia
tion, controverts all that the war party had
the audacity tor assert: the monied interest of
the country i*not with them.
A thousand experiments have bee n pu t into
practice to raise the price of stocks, but every
expedient has hitherto failed. It is astonish
ing that the most extravagant reports art not:
only received and promulgated without cou&i-J.
deration, but that the most con tar distort ac
counts are frequently narrated by the same ‘
persons, and almost in the .same breath. No
faith seems to perfect, and so universal araf
faith in-news. _ Os this weakness in the pub
lid, we will not venture to say That the gov
ernment ever takes direct advantage, bttt in
stances might be pointed out, wher€ unwar
rantable authority has been given to premature
reports. The fflrst accounts of the repulse of
Bonaparte before Loan wid long remain iu
Jour recollection -to Warn us against giving
implicit faith even to official bulletins.
5 We now come-tothfc Gazette reports of the
movements of the a.lied armies. Lord Burg
hersh writes, that prince Sch wart zen berg'had
on the fixed hi* head quarters at
Point sur Seine, pushing on his advanced
posts to Provens and Bray. On the news of
the defeat of the Russian corps under general
St. Priest, and the re-occupation of Reim
by- Bonaparte, die withdrew to Arcts sur
Aube, and collected the whole main body of
the allied forces around that place. On the
17th general Kiesoroff, commanding the our
posts, sent advice to the head quarters, that
thoenemy were approaching and actually in
possession of Fere Champenoise Divisions
of .the French army weroalso observed in the
direction of Chalons. A letter f#cm Lord
Castlereagh continues the above narrative,
leaving an interval of three days, in
we are led to conclude that prince Schwart
stnberg had retired from JLru* and iha: Bo
pspatte was in possession ofth.a* pi >re. I* U
BTK’h o *bc rrgmtea that a r. n<?
should have *hu. k been, \ U before the public,,
which, lr«-m its. very p.ovti
.that s< hie detail of previous opr tat ions *3«
given in the letter Ihe encmvA-d
masses of troops b<Lre Arc'* (A tin SOrli
about one oVlctk the iwo armies thin rcn.aif,
ii»g * ppcrije to each other, and a gfcrrrsil hat
tie being expected by he allies, the tntin|
was to be filing off in the directidii
cf V itryltavihg a rear guard in possess ion
of Aicis. The prince ro\al. of Wineir.berg
attacked pis force, and was, resisted with
great obstinacy. The enemy after abstaining
immense Ipss, abandoned the position, and fit.*
cessary depositions w ere made to follow up
the French arny in its retreat. ‘ * :*)
On the reported r un»er revcluricn in tho
south of Ffence, we have very; few observ*ffcf *
-to make. By the private letters give* inth*
pubic, prints, and stated robe received ft on*
officers in thj British army, it does not appear*
that the people of those provinces are inclined
to any change of government: they w ish for
peace, anti they would be as contented with
peaccunder the sway of Napoleon, as under
that of Logis XVIII One letter describe*
the population of Gusenne as nor only numer
ous, bu? as possessing that happy medium of
property which is the best security of the ex
isting government, because it leaves no root*
for the spirit of turbulence These are no
exhorbitan» wealthy to be envied, and no mise
rably poor toU* target! ro desperate actions —jt
Such a people require only o be
They may for a while submit to force, bur the/
cannot be mad enough to endanger the quie*!
of such a situation in fbfttentions for one'ruler 1
or another. In spue, then of the declarations
of tire Courier, we do not believe that a revolt
tionary spirit has been really introduced amoiur
such a people ; while their very existence, aw
describedHri the letter obove alluded to, is v
proof that Die Code Napoieon is in some part*}
of Franee, least, as admirable in its practice
as it is allowed do be in theory. The procJiU
nia.ion of Louis X 111 has, indeed promised* l
to preserve that cotie, but will the practice of
the ancestors of Louis XVIU warrant the
people of Guienne in risking the loss of their!
present happy condition, for the introduction,
of agents of his government among them!
From |he Liverpool of April f J
french tactics.
The following is an extract of % tore*
from an officer of the sth regiment, dated!
Mount Mai son, March 5.
“ On he 27th we came up with the French*
and pur, brigade came into play. \^ c we^
ationed in a road, and the enemv in a Jarga
neld, without any cover They were all on
one knee and kept a most regular line. lam
sorry to say, ow men did not keep any Sore
of line—jyid the emsequeuce was they suf4
sered the more Weil, we continued in fhi*
road for about a quarter of an hour when wo
t#ere ordered to charge. Our gallant felloty <
rushed forward, when the F ench getfing up,
and filing off ro the right, exposed ro our vi«U
another and much stronger lipe, forimed iu
the same manner, which opened a most dreads
ful fire on us. It was here that Blood, the
other officer 3t the colors, was shot by my
side, and two of my color sergeants our of
three were biffed a 1 ! in a moment, I evpec*l
ed to fall thanks to Cod ! I escaped
this time unhurt*. VVe still continued advani
cing, and the French retreating m the nami
beauiful way—it was the adm ration of even
body.—When we came to- ?he place wheri
they had been formed, we found the kilK<
and wounded lying in regular lines ! Certain
ty their-retreat in so masrerlv a manner flit
them the greatest credit. Indeed no trobpj
could have fought with more obstinacy ; ant
I really think if their artillery had been scry
ed as weil as our’s it woulddiave been ad <jbri
fui case. , , T
______ X ‘ ■ ■
ANOTHER SEVERE NAVA&
’ * ACTION
Between tht French and English.
Captain Blaekmer, of New Beds
ford, who arrived at that place on
Monday in 32 days-from Cape
de Verds, in/arma that on the 23d
January, the French frigates Sultan
and Star were lying in the harbor of
the Isle of May, with two prize*,
when the British frigates Creole andj
Asire a, arrived off. there ; on the
appearance of which, the French
frigate* cut their cables and attetnp
ed to escape, but ttye British frigates
brought them to action, which with
great spirit for an hour and a half;,
when- they separated. The Creole
and Astrea went into* St. J ago to
repair—returned: to the.lsle of May*
took the anchors left by the French
frigates,and went in pursuit of tlienu
* About the 20th February the Sulian-
At»d Star returned ; at which time
there*, were two Portuguese ships a
the harbor, one loaded with salt an
other loading, the Frenchmen rob
bed one of then; of her cables anchors
and rigging; bored several holts in
‘ her bottom ; and took the other and
departed* Captain Stackmtr learn
ed from some Portt§gufc|£ prisoners
who were landed from the French
frigates, that they suffered severe
ly in the action—the Sultan warn
much out to piects, lost her main
and mizen masts, and had 100 men
killed* The Star lost her miz*.n
mast, and had about 40 killed, ar.d
wounded. The loss of thr British
was not particularly stated—but it j
was said the captain of tht Astrea
was killed.— Boston Fat,
Adjutant and Inspector General's 1
Office. /.
GENERAL OKDCRS.
• Any commissioned officer of the
army of the United States, who shall
send or accept any challenge fb fight
a duel, or who knowing that any* q.
iher officer has sent or accepted, or
; ia about to send or accept, a thal-
Jenge to light a duel, and does not
immediately arrest and bring tri
al the offenders in this case, shall be
dismissed from the service of the U* 1
•Sutea.* ,
WAEB AGHy
autyuux GwnrQ .’U