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Columbian Centinel. ip.Lj.jiw, .■ mi i|iM>.jn VOL. VII. No 315] t Three dollars per annum.) PUBLISHED BY SAMUEL HAMMOND, NORTH BROAD-STREET, (Half in advanc NEW ARRANGEMENT. CE.YTI.VEL OFFICE, 29th May , 1809. WITH a deep sense of the encou ragement and liberal patronage that this paper has received since its first appearance,the subscriber new returns his sincerest thanks tothe publicfor their support. He is proud m the recollec tion that at least he has endeavored to merit it. tile henceforth declines all concern in this paper.... l’he property in which and the printing business of this office he has transferred to Mr. Samuel Ham mond, junior. He respectfully solicits from his friends the continuance of that patron age in his support, not doubting but that he will make Independence his object, Truth his guide, and Decency his com panion. He cannot close without congratulat ing his countrymen at large on the pre sent prospect in the political affairs cf the* United States, and the succeeding editor in particular, on the pleasing du ty he will have, in bearing testimony to the revived growth and renovated pros perity of this land of freedom, agricul ture and commerce, under the auspices of an administration, that in its first step evinces a spirit of moderation, free from disingenuousness, and a wisdom, that appearing to despise the cob-web arts of diplomacy, at once has met a frank atonement and a fair proposition, with an honest face and a cordial desire for reconcilement by honorable negneia tion. GEO: F. RANDOLPH. CENTIXEL OFFICE, 3* d June, ISG9. THE undersigned takes the liberty ©f requesting the future patronage and support of the public in conducting this paper. He will essay to deserve their good opinion by a steady adherence in politics to principles purely American ; in private disputes to forbearance and decency, and in business, to correctness and dispatch. Tuese sheets have never yet been stained with any thing that honor could blush at, or virtue disap. prove of. He pledges himself in these rejects, that they shall still uphold that character. Remote as he is from the great scents of politics and commerce, he feels his duties not the less essential, although in a limited sphere. To amuse, inform & j protect, shall be his pleasure and his | Care. The seat of our general govern* i ment is not alone that of p<>wcr nor cf : science. These independent states, confederated for external defence and intejrnal peace, and in all other regards though unequal in size, numbers and wealth, yet co-equal in rights, must preservewithin themselves those means of integral existence, n ctssary to give them due weight in the sovereignty of th« nation. They must (acting from their own centre) each guard against the infringments of their sister states ancj the encroachments of federalpower in order to effect a benign and socia combination of the wh01e.... Amongst the means by which enslaved states have become free, and free ones have been preserved, the Liberty of the Prets stands pre-eminent....When vaunting, the scourge of popular tyranny, or the sword cf despotism have ever prevailed. The state of Georgia has shone conspi cuous in the ranks of fre-dom. She has often feit the pang of adversity.... and she has triumphed in the smiles of victory- has been agitated by the collision of parties; but she has grown from infancy to manhood, unimpaired by their convulsions. She has with others pined in the period of interdicted activity....she has risen superior to all these. The editor hails the present time, and repeats cordially the preced ing congratulations without the dread that they will be found irksome. The measures then that he shall support, unequivocally will be those that tend to harmonize the general and state gov ernments. He views the latter as sub stantial parts of the constitutional fab- I AUGUSTA, GEORGIA. rics, and the former as their cement and ornament. On public men and measures he shall freely comment, and whilst official public virtue receives his aid, official public vice shall meet his animadversions. The open violator of our rights shall be corrected, and the insidious traitor detected, whenever the one affords the occasion, or the other an opening. In private controversies, his duty will compel him to be the ve hicle for public appeal; but he will strive to mollify. In the transaction of his business he will vie with nis co-tem porarits in obtaining and preserving a just proportion of the confidence of his fjlow citizens, on the same terms his predecessor has done. The Columbian sentinel will continue to be sent to present subserj. tiers as heretofore, unless otherwise directed. SAMUEL HAMMOND, Jun’r. THE BOARD of TRUS TEES of the Richmond Academy, at their meeting on Monday last, rescin ded their Resolution respecting St. Paul's Church, and appointed two of their members, together with the sub scriber, a Committee to wait on the present Pew-holdtrs, to know if thry were willing to relinquish their exclu sive right to the Pews ’till Jmuaiy next, under the late leasing, for the purpose of having the seats in Church free to all persons who choose to wor ship there. And the subscriber feels a pleasure in stating, that most of the Pew-holders hav* already been called upon and have freely and cheerfully relinquished their claims under the late leasing ; and lit tle doubt exists, that the very few, who remain, will do the same when they can be seen. He therefore feels gratified in announcing an arrangement, which, making the seats in Church free to all persons, and leaving the congregation the choice of their preacher, will doubt less give general satisfaction to those who feel an interest in the subject. T. BARRETT, Clerk B. T. July 1 5. 104— Notice. THE subscriber expecting to be ab sent during the summer months, informs his customers and the public in general, that he has left his business jin the hands of Mr. JAMES MUR- I RAY, whose experience and attention j to business be has no doubt will fully ; enable him to give satisfaction. He has left the settling of his account* dur ing his absence, in the care of Mr. &HADRACK BOGAN, who is fully authorized to receive payment and give receipts. Thomas Knapen. July 8. 103 Notice. On monday the 31 at July next, at the Market■ home in. Augusta, at the usual time , Will be Hired, THE N EGROES formerly be * longing to the estate of Clemsy Morse dec. until the Ist of January next. Terms of Hiring made known at that time by Ann Morse Adm'x, Robert Johnson Adm'r. June 17. FOR SALE, By the Subscriber, A Neat, Light Four Wheel Carriage, With Plated Harness—vulgarly called a Jersey Wagcon. G. S. HOUSTON. July 8. St For the Columbian Centinel. No. I. IN a free government like ours, where all power is derived from the People, it is their duty, as I am sure it is their interest, to prevent its being perverted to the purposes of oppression. It is not a more celebrated political maxim, than an absolute political truth, attested by the experience and exem plified in the history of every despotic government, that where the powers of making and of executing laws are vested in the same individual or body of indi viduals, there can be no liberty—•“ Be cause (says the great Montesquieu) apprehensions may arise lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyran nical Jews. and execute them m a tyran nical manner:” Again, that, “ were the power of judging joined with the legislative, the life and liberty of the subject would be exposed to arbitrary controui; for the judge would then be legislator. Were it joined to the exe cutive, the judge might then behave with all the violence of an ofifiressor So that it is not only perfectly consis tent with the spirit and genius, but in dispensably and essentially requisite to the existence and duration of our re publican government, and, to the pre servation of the liberties of the people, that “ the legislative, executive, and judiciary powers should be kept as se parate from, and independent of each other, as is consistent with that chain of conmxion that binds the whole fabric of the constitution in one indissoluble bond of utdty and amity.'* Now in what degree these different powers so essentially necessary in a perfectly organized system of govern ment, to he kept separate from, and in dt pendent of each other, are so in the government of this state ; and whether the executive and judiciary powers might not, consistently and with all due deference and respect to the legislative prerogative, (not of onmifiotence) be completely independent of, and totally uninfluenced by that power will he the subject of investigation in a few num bers more. In the first article of the constitution of seventeen hundred and ninety-eight, it is declared, that “ the legislative, ex ecutive and judiciary powers of govern ment shall be distinct, and each de partment he confided to a separate bo dy of magistracy, so that neither exer cise the powers properly belonging to either of the others.” And by another article the executive and judiciary offi cers are appointable by the legislature. So that, although when created , they are in name « distinct” and separate, and, neither of them literally exercise the “ powers properly belonging to either of the othersyet in the exercise of their functions, in which they should, these officers cannot possibly act inde pendently of, and uninfluenced by the legislature—lndeed, it would be as ra tional to suppose the creature indepen dent of the Creator; which from the unalterable order of nature and course of things must necessarily be subject, and, of course, inferior to the hand that made it. So that taken on any ground, whether theoretical or practical, I pre sume it will be found impossible for any three or more powers of government, creat'd by any one of them to be suffi ciently independent of each other, to preserve that just equilibrium of power, the preponderation of which in either of the three mechanical powers of our government must destroy the safe guard of the people given them in the constitutional opposition of the differ ent branches, against the unlawful en- 1 croachment of cither, on their rights, j To suppose that the executive of the f state (being dependent on the iegisla ture for the tenure of his office) can act J independently, or otherwise than the '■ legislature might desire, would be as cribing more independence and patii otism to his excellency, whoever he may be, whether he remits fines without reason , or fills the office without merit, than perhaps the general tenor of his condqct might warrant. As in. pri SATURDAY, AUGUST 5, 1809. ▼ate life, he would justly be branded with the black crime of ingratitude, who after having a benefit conferred • on him, would declare himself under no obligations to bis benefactor ; so in public stations, with public charect-rs as with individuals, favors have their influence, and gratitude whilst it warms the breast, chills the patriotism of the favored few. If then our constitution is so defec tive ; if after an eff dual trial it docs not guard and protect our rights as it . evidently was intended to do, free from every species of usurpation and oppres sion, it is incumbent on those, who ore emphaticaj y though I fear Vainly called “ the collected wisdom of the states,” the favored objects of the people’s choice, and as they should be , the faith ful guardians of their lives, liberties and happiness, the skilful physicians of the body politic, to provide a speed/, and an effectual remedy for this great polit ical malady. It is a duty which the people, if they are mindful of their most important in terests, will not long neglect, to choose such persons to represent them in the legislature as * ill prefer the real and aggregate interests of the whole com munity to individual emolument and self aggrandizement. Were they more particular in estimating the talents an i integrity, than vigilant in demanding the fiolitical creed , or fir of ess td princi ples of candidates for public offices ; if instead of confiding in the profuse de clarations and liberal promises of those electioneering vipers «ho think to ac quire public confidence without merit, and abuse it (as mu*>t ever be the case) without cause, they would indignantly spurn them from their presence ; they would perhaps have less reason to com plain ot the measures of the legislature, and the want of confidence in the pro mises of inuividnals. CURTIUS. The Tnorough Bred imported Horse, STAR, WILL cover marcs the prescr,. season at the plantation if Mr. Archibald Mayson's, half a mile from the Island ford of Saluda River, six miles of Cambridge. Abbeville district, South-Carchna, at the reduced of I HIR I Y DOLLARS the seasons, notes payble the fifteenth day of Decem ber next—any gentleman bea ming re sponsible for the season of five, shall have one gratis. Each season may he discharged with 275 pounds clean mer chantable cotton, delivered in a bag or sack at the stand, by the fifteenth day of December next. The season viil commence the first day of March and end the 25th July m xt. S FAR is undoubtedly as sure a foal getter as any horse whatever. The con stitution and bone of STAR and his colts are much remarked and well worth the attention of breeders and lov ers of the turf. Iwo hundred acres of a* good pasturage as any in the state, gratis.—Grain will be furnished at the market price, and mares fid as their owners may direct.— No responsibility in case of accidents or escapes—every precaution will be taken to prevent ei their. Ihe pedigree and performance of Star is so well known, we deem it needless to say more. WILLIAM C. GUNNELS. February 28, 1809. 85 N. B. THE subscriber intends to keep the best imported horses at this j stand for five years at least, and shall it bis study to give general satis j faction to all that please to favor him j with their custom. The season may ! be continued if it is necessary until De cember mxt. Wrn. C. Gunnels. BLANK SHERIFF TITLES EOR SALE AT THIS OFFICE.