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FERTILIZATION FACTS
INTERESTING OBSERVATIONS OF
AN EXPERIENCED AGRICUL¬
TURAL. CHEMIST.
PLANT LIFE IS ANALYZED
Valuable Information Learned From
the Books and From an Extensive
Practical Experience.
To Georgia Farmer: I wrote you last
year a series of letters devoted almost
exclusively to the feeding of live stock,
the preparation of -scientific rations and
to the general principles underlying the
scientific feeding of stock. As you have
asked mo so many questions about ferti¬
lizers, I propose now to write you a se¬
ries of letters on that subject, giving
you the benefit of what I may have
learned from books and from my exper¬
ience as an agricultural chemist.
As the prime object of farming aud
of fertilization is the raising of crops,
we will begin by considering briefly
plant life. r
What is a plant? Let us 4pamiue and
make a rough analysis of one. Pull up
a green and vigorous plant, brush
the dirt from the roots and throw it
down upon the ground with the rays of
the sun beating upon it. Soon it as¬
sumes a peculiar appearance, which
we call “wilted.** Had you taken the
precaution to weigh the plant when you
first, pulled it up and then weighed it
again after a few hours, when it looked
badly wilted, you would find that it had
lost weight. By putting the fresh
plant under a specially constructed
glass vessel and setting it in the sun,
you could prove to your own satisfac¬
tion that the cause of the loss in weight
was due to the loss of water. The wa¬
ter in the plant heated by the suu rises
as vapor, and if you had the special
glass vessel I speak of you could see the
water of the cotton plant condense in
the cool part of the vessel in drops,
which you could collect and weigh; and
if you were provided with sufficiently
delicate instruments, you would find
the weight of this condensed water
from the cotton plant was exactly
equal to the loss in weight which it
sustained after being badly wilted.
Young plants and vegetables fre¬
quently contain as much as nine-tenths
of their weight of water.
In making hay we dry out the water
of the grass in the sun, and when the
grass has lost all the water it will in this
way, it is said, bo “cured,” and becomes
hay. This air dry grass or hay still
contains from 8 to 12 per cent of water,
which can be driven out of it by heating
it to the temperature of boiling water.
If w© should do that, what was left
would be the “dry matter” of the plant.
This dry matter of the plant contains
all the valuable elements for which the
plant was grown. If we examine this
dry matter further, we find in a general
way that it is composed of two kinds of
bodies, one of which will burn, or the
combustible, aud another kind whioh
will uot burn, the incombustible or the
ash. That part of the plant which burns
or goes up in smoke is derived very
largely from the air, and is gaseous in
its nature.
If, now, we were to aualyze these
gases which escape on burning, the
plant, and then analyze the ash which
was left, we should find that, besides the
nine-tenths water which the original
plant contained, the remaining tenth
contained these elements—carbon, hy¬
drogen, oxygen, nitrogen, potash, mag¬
nesia, lime, iron phosphorus aud sulphur
as essential elements; that is to say, we
should certainly find all those elements
present, as no plant could exist without
them, eaoh one being just as necessary
as the other to the aud
Weak?
“ I suffered terribly and was ex¬
tremely weak for 12 years. The
doctors said my blood was all
turning Sarsaparilla, to water. At last 1 tried
Ayer’s feeling and was soon
Mrs. all right again.” Hadlyme, Ct.
J. W. Fiala,
No matter how long you
have been ill, nor how
poorly you may be today,
Ayer’s Sarsaparilla is the
best medicine you can
take for puritying and en¬
riching the blood.
Don’t doubt it, put your
whole trust in it, throw
away everything else.
$I.M a bottle. All drugfiafs.
Ask your doctor w hat he thinks of Ayor’a
old 9ar«aj,srtHft. lie knowsall ubnut this grand
will tamily 1 luodk'ine. Follov* his advico and
we ms sntL'Hod
J. V A\ KU CO., (<owoU, Musa.
Does the
Babv
if not, something must be
wrong with its food. If the
mother's milk doesn’t nour-
ish it, she needs SCOTT’S
EMULSION. It supplies the
elements of fat required for
the baby. If baby is not
nourished by its artificial
food, then it requires
Scott’s Emulsion
Half a teaspoonful three
or four times a day in its
bottle will have the desired
effect. It seems to have a
magical effect upon babies
and children. A fifty-cent
bottle will prove the truth
ot our statements.
Should be taken in summer as
well as winter.
SCOTT 50c. and $1.00, Chemists, all druggists.
Sc BOWNE, New York.
the plant; and if any one of them were
out out, the others being present, the
plant could not develop.
Besides those elements just men-
tioned, however, we should also find in
the &9hes of the plant silica, chlorine,
soda and manganese, and sometimes a
few other elements, though none of
these last are absolutely necessary to
the growth and development of plant
life.
These ash elements, as we may call
them, are all derived from the soil.
Ninety-five per cent of the dry matter
of the plant comes out of the air. and is
derived from the gases which exist in
the air, the remaining 5 per cent of the
dry matter being the ashes which come
out of the soil. So you see the mineral
part, which comes from the soil, is only
a very small part of the original plant,
but yet it is just as essential to the life
and growth of the plant as any or all
of the others.
Perhaps you would like to know how
it was discovered that the air furnished
a large part of the dry matter of the
plant. An experiment like this was
made. Some white sand was thor¬
oughly burned, to destroy the combusti-
ble matter there might be in it, and
then thoroughly washed with acid and
water to remove any soluble mineral
matter and. just leave pure sand. This
being put into a box, a seed of corn is
planted and watered with distilled wa¬
ter, or water containing no mineral.
The seed, after sprouting and growing
as long as it oould subsist on the food in
the original grain of corn, was carefully
dried, all the water being driven out in
an oven kept at the temperature of boil¬
ing water, and then the remaining dry
mattor was weighed. It was found that,
the weight far exceeded the weight of
the original grain of corn, and also that
this excess weight consisted entirely of
carbon hydrogen and oxygen; conse¬
quently, they must have come from the
air and water, as they oould have come
from no other source.
The atmosphere contains a great
abundance of these elements, carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen, which are so nec¬
essary to plant life, so that it will not be
necessary for us to trouble about them in
studying the subject of fertilizers, since
they are given “without money and
without price. ”
The ash elements which make only 5
per oent of the dry matter of the orop,
will concern us very nearly, and as they
oome out of the soil, I will write you in
my next letter about the soil and its
elements—those which are abundant,
and those which are scarce.
John M. McOandless,
State Chemist.
The Care of Bees.
Many farmers keep bees and pay con¬
siderable attention to them. These in¬
dustrious little insects have been the
theme of philosophers and poets from
the earliest ages of the world until now.
Their habits have been oarefully stud¬
ied and many interesting things have
been written about them.
While it is true, as a reoent writer
has said, that bees “will come as near
doing some good with scarcely any at¬
tention as anything we may handle, ”
they will pay better with proper atten¬
tion. If we want abundance of good
honey we mnst see that they have in
their hives abundance of stores for the
spring months. Feed them well in the
early spring, if they have not already a
good reserve in their combs. A pound
of sugar fed to them at this time will
peove n good investment.—State Agri¬
cultural Department.
RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE
TOCCOA FALLS LIGHT & POWER CO.,
RULES AND REITUATIO NS.
Section 1. This Company wall erect necessary
wires, etc., to conduct electricity to the premises of
the parties using current free of charge.
Sec 2. The private parties erect, id their expense,
the necessary w ires and apparatus, to be used in
dwellings, premises or enclosures to which the cur¬
rent is carried.
Sec. 3. And such private parties shall keep the
same in repair, except such damage as may be done
thereto by the use of electricity thereon. No changes
additions, alterations or extensions to the wiring
shall be made, except by consent and under the su¬
pervision of the Company.
Sec. 4. All appliances, furnished at the expense of
the Company, (except by special agreement) shall
remain its property.
Sec 5. The Companv shall keep in repair and
maintain its own appliances; provided, however,
that if damage is done to its propetry the consumer
shall pay to the Company the value of the property
damaged or destroyed, or cost of repairing same.
Sec. 6. The consumer is strictly forbidden to in"
terfere with the meters and other appliances. In
case of defective service, notice ot the fact should be
sent to the Company’s office immediately. No allow¬
ance will be made for failure to use current, on flat
or fixed rate, unless defect is reported to the office of
the Company.
Sec, 7. The Company agrees to use reasonable dil-
igence in providing a regular and uninterrupted sup-
ply of current, but in case the supply of current
should be interrupted or fail, by accident, State or
municipal interference, or any other cause whatso-
ever, the Company shall not be liable for such inter-
ruption or failure.
Sec. 8. Consumers are hot permitted to use the
current for any purpose or in any place other than is
provided for in their agreement, w ithout having first
received the written consent of the Company. No
contract at annual rates will be made for a term less
than one year.
Sec. 9. The Company reserves the right to enter
upon the premises of the consumers, at all reasonable
times, for the purpose of inspecting, repairing or re¬
moving all appliances in connection with its current
and removing its property on termination of its con¬
tract*.
Sec. 10. The Company also reserves the right to
discontinue its current, without notice, in case the
consumer is in arrears in payment of the Company's
bill or fails to comply with these rules and regula*
tior.s.
Sec. 11. In case the Company discontinues its
current, for any of these causes, or is, through the
fault of the consumer, prevented from supplying the
current, according to the provisions of the agree¬
ment, then there shall- forthwith become due and
payable to the Company as stipulated damages, and
not as a penalty, for each month or fraction of a
month of the unexpired term of the agreement, the
sum of seventy-five cents per month for each sixteen
candle pow er lamp covered by the agreement, or an
equivalent to the monthly rental as per agreement.
’ Sec. 12. A minimum charge ot seven and one-half
7%) cents per month for each lamp on meter to be
Our Opening
was a success, and w r e hope that all who vis-
ited our new store w ere pleased w ith our
line of new Spring Hats and will call again,
we are carrying a very pretty liiie of Ladies
Hats and will have a fresh lot in, in a few
days so that we feel sure all orders’ean be
filled satisfactorily.
OUR LINE OF BOYS MATS
will be opened in a few days and we believe
they will be found of a better quality t han
usual.
See our New Silk Waists. The} 7 are very pretty.
Ladies may * select from quite a
large assortment of Belts and
Collarettes which we will be glad
to show.
Come and See Us.
DRESS-MAKING UP STAIRS,
where we are fitted for the spring work.
Mrs. W. J. RAMSAY,
Mrs. G. B. PERTEET.
Not a Medicine, but a Treatment.
« *\ l /hen
you buy RAMON'S LIVER PILLS &
W TONIC Pellets you do not buy a med¬
icine, but a Complete Treatment for Bilious¬
i* *4 ness, Constipation and Headaches. It is two
distinct medicines, but sold for one price—25c.
The Pills bring immediate relief; the Pellets
tone up the nervous system and invigorate.
FOk SAL!: UV L. R+ DAVIS A CO.
paid in any event.
Sec. 13. No promises, agreements or rerpesentations
ot any canvasser or representative of the Company
shall be binding, unless the same shall have been in-
corporated in the contract in writing before the same
is signed and accepted.
Sec. 11. The Company reserves the light to
amend, abridge, modify or add to any ol these rules
aud regulations, as experience and public inteiest
may require.
(H/iD
RATES
FOR LIGHTING—Fixed or Flat Rates. -
Arc Lamp, 1000 candle power-each per month $<>.00
Arc Lamp, 2000 candle power,——each per month
1 to 4 10 e. p. incandescent Lamps, per month each . IO
5 to 910 c. p. incandescent Lamps, per month each .50
10 no 24 10 c. p. incandescent Lamps, per month each .40
25 to 49 10 c. p. incandescent Lamps, per month each V
50 to 100 ” incandescent Lamps, per month each £
Every night, not later than midnight.
For all-night service, add 25 per cent, to the above.
A discount of 5 per cent, will he allowed from these
rates for payment of bills by 10th of month following use
FOR LIGHTING— Meter Rates.
20 cents per kilowatt hour, with discounts as follows, if
paid by 10th of mouth following use:
On monthly bills of $>1.00 to 5.00— 5 percent.
On monthly bills of 5.00 to 10.IX)—10 per cent.
On monthly bills ol 10.00 to 15.00—15 per cent.
On monthly bills of 15.00 to 20.00—20 per cent.
On monthly bills of 20.00 to 25.00—25 per cent.
On monthly bills of 25.00 and upward—33 1-2. per ot.
FOR POWER —Fixed or Flat Rates
1 Ceiling Fan Motor, May and Sept.,... per month $4.00
2 Ceiling Fan Motors it ......per month 5.50
3 Ceiling Fan Motors ti ......per month 0.50
Desk Fans (12 inches) ......per month 2.50
Rent of Desk Fans, ii ......per month 1.00
1-2 h. p. Motor from Sept
1 li. p. Motor...... “ ner month 0.< 2
•
2 h, p. Motdr...... “ per month 10.00
3 li. p. Motor...... “ per month 15.00
5 h. p. Motor...... “ < . per month 25.00
10 h. p. Motor...... “ ii per month 40.00
20 li. p. Motor...... “ i • per month 00.00
30 li. p. Motor...... “ per month 75.00
40 h. p. Motor...... “ i . per month 85.00
50 li. p. Motor...... “ per month 93.75
100 h. p. Motor...... “ per month UiO.W '
FOR POWER— Meter Rates
For less than kilowatts Per kilowatt
50 per hour...... 10 cents
....
For over 50 and less than 1(K) kilow. per month 7 1-2 cents
For over 100 and less than 200 kilow, per month 3 2-1 cents
For over200 and less than 400 kilow. per month 3 3-8 cents
For over 400 and less than 500 kilow, per month 3 cents
For over 500 and less than 1,000 kilow. per month2.3-4 cents
For over 1,000 and less than 2,000 k. w. ii 2 1-2 cents
For over 2,000 and less than 4,000 k. w. 1 7-8 cents
For over 4,000 and less than 0,000 k. w. 1 1-2 cents
For over (1,000 and less, than 8,0<>0 k. w. 1 1-4 cents
For over 8,000 and less than 10,000 k.w. 1 cent
For any other information not herein given, call upon or
address, E. P. Simpson, Prest
V \ XkA&t 4 'M
m r-**fTurn
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'%® pastime?
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'NEWHookt /^THE
SIMPLEST 4 t
7 & BEST
. EVER ^
\INVENTED,
...
AND
THE
?| A 8 AfilG 1 R^balC^
H I SILENT 4 ^BEARINGS,
i mw t - ci» ■
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f.- t* 3 Bsn*
Agents wanted in all unoccupied
territory.
WHKKt.BR & Wilson Mfo. Co..
Atlanta, Ga.
For sale b)”
W. V. LAURAINE.
Hatheson Bldyf, . . . l^ccoa, Cia.
GOLD DRINKS.
I have just added a cold di n rr
'•uliit to rny store, anu am now pro
.
pared to serve you w 1 •II m inner
of cold drinks. Soda Waters, Milk-
Shakes, Lemonades, 5c. fine me a
call W. Westfield.
If people w.-re bound to silence
upon all subjects of which they are
ignorant, what a smith t: and all : -
per vailing hush there would be at
I : es t