Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

nterprfee VOL 1-NO 87. TtlOMASV1LLE, QEOHG1A, FRIDAY MORNING, AUGUST '881) $5.00 PER ANNUM ■si CD O FARMERS OF THE SOUTH. Opening of the Inter-State Congress at Montgomery. Montoomkky, Ar,.\., Atig. 20.— The Jiiter-Statc Farmer’s Congress met here at 12 o’clock to-day. ft is composed of delegates from a dozen southern states, including Virginia. The president, Col. Polk of North Carolina, called the body to order. The address of welcome in behalf of the state was made by Commission er of Agriculture Kolb, the governor being unavoidably absent, and Gen. •7. W. Sanford delivered the address ot welcome in behalf of the city. Gen. William Miller of Florida res ponded for the association. nii’Ficfi/rrns of farmers. In the afternoon Col. Polk deliver ed an address devoted to the difficul ties which the farmers encounter. He referred especially to the combines and trusts, and emphasized the vast power of the combined capital allied to corporate power. Ho deolarcd them thn most dangerous menace to onr free institutions and to the liberties of the citizens. Ho said : “The farming interests feel tlifit the withering blight of discriminating legislation has already paralyzed their energies. XEIII.SCTEIl I'.Y TIIK COVKRNMEXT. “They feel that through the indif ferent, if not willful policy of the ;overnment, they have been made the helpless victims of the monopolies, and have been filched of the earnings and profits of their honest labor. I, for one, shall rejoice to see the day when the farmers of the south and of the whole land shall, with one voice, demand the same protection for the products of the farm as is extended to the products of any other :lnss of our citizens. ‘Equal right*- to all and special privileges (to none,’ is one of the fundamental principles underlying our form of government, and upon which we must reform, re construct and re establish the econo mic system of our civilization. RESTORATION OK Till: EqElUIlRlfM. "And first a restoration of the pro per and just ei|uilibrium between the great industries of the country is ne- ccssarv. We must have more farmer legislators, more farmer congressmen, more farmer governors, more farmer presidents, and a higher and nobler type of moral mnitljooc} it) {hs high places. (mr form of govenment and our free institutions are on trial, and among their advocates and defenders none will be found more faithful than our body represents harp to-day. Wo have come up out of our humiliation. Our positions are the results of honest toil and our hands are unspotted by rapine or plunder of the helpless. THE TRl'E AMERICAN. ‘‘Removed from contact with for eign Ideas niut foreign thought, the nnglo Saxon of the south stands to day the highest type and purest rep •esnitative of the American idea of free government and civil liberty- The work before them is as prodigious as its accomplishment shall be grand and glorious.” _ Tup undress ..a. listened to with earnest attention and the speaker was frequently interrupted with outbursts of applause. MOUTHAGK AND t.'EK *.A '4'hcre was an interesting discussion of the mortgage and lien laws, par ticipated in by a number of delegates. Resolutions were offered aryl pefpi- rcij recmiimpiuling the use of cafton bagging and declaring against the use of jute; also commending the stale commissioners and the Secretary of Agriculture, Mr. Rusk, for their efforts in the behalf of the cotton hug. gin?. a \ r i-a rr i: it uso i. ft ions. The following resolutions were of fered and referred: Whereas, There is an made by the combines and trusts to defeat the expressed Will ol the cotton plan ters n’s given out by various conven tions of their representative men as to the usp of cotton bagging as a wrap ping for our present crop of cotton; and Whereas, Its use will encourage home industries and manufactures, and Whereas, We regard it as infringement of personal liberties to say the producer shall not choose his own wrapping for his product 8 , and Whereas, It may lie to the inter ests of the Liverpool Cotton Ex change to encourage jute because it is grown in the English dominions, we regard it to the interest of Ameri cans to use her own cotton and save millions of cnpital to our own country. Therefore, be it I{ewlirtl,Jii-M, That we are deter mined to recommend the use of cot ton bagging to our cotton planters, and that we will not use jute bagging under any circumstances. Jlemhrd, tceontl, That we return thanks to the several commissioners of the southern states and sccretary Rtisk for their interest in behalf of the cotton planters in securing the co-operation of the American, cotton exchanges in recommending the use ol cotton ns a wrapping, and equaliz ing the rafe of tare so that the equal weight of the bagging or wrapping represents the tare. Senator Reagan is down for a speech on transportation to agricul ture. Hon. W. J. Greene of North Carolina will speak on the grape industry of the south. To-night’s, session is devoted to hearing an ad dress from Dr. Leroy Rrown, presi dents the State Agricultural College, on the subject of “Industrial Educa tion.” THE LAST BATTLE OFTHF WAR. HE IS ON THE DECREASE. Statistics Show That tho Negro Increase Is Not Proportionate to Deaths. Dr. Hillings, an eminent physician of Washington, who is to have charge of the mortality statistics of the next census, said to a Ropublio correspon dent yosterday : ' “The next census will dissipate* many errors that have grown out of comparisons made hettveon tho ocn- sus of 1880 and that of J870. The most prominent misrepresentation that will he corrected will lie the one that asserts phenomenal growth of the negro population of the country when compared with the whites. The com parisons of the next census will be made with those of 1880, th It Was Fought'On the Brazos River, in Texas, J. C. Butler, in the Macon Tele graph, writes: “Having read several articles in the Telegraph ascribing the battle of Columbus, Ga., in April, 18G5, as being the last one fought in the late war. I feel it incumbent on myself to make a correction, I as sume that I am in some degree re sponsible for having made the same error in my ‘History of Macon and Central Georgia,’ wherein I narrated the march of < funeral Wilson through Alabama, his battle at Columbus and his occupancy of the city of Macon. I stated that ‘the battle at Columbus was the last of the war.’ ” I wrote in 18711, and at that time and until ex President Davis’ admiral volumes entitled the “Rise and Full of. the Confederate Government” ap peared, it was not discovered that many of us had recorded an Thn last battle, though a small one, was fought far away front Georgia on the Brazos, Texas. The battle at Columbus, Ga., was, however, the last one east of the Mississippi river. After the fall of Vicksburg, it will he remembered, that the trans-Mis- issippi department was almost isolat ed from the Confederacy, and could be of little assistance to it. The sur render of Gen. Lee took place on the Otli of April, 18G5; the armistice be tween Gens. Johnson and Sherman occurred on April 18th, and resulted in Johnson's surrender on the 25th. Oil April 12th Mobile was evacuated by the Confederates, and occupied by the Federal 8 . Gen. Wilson entered Columbus on April 15th, and reached Macon on the following 20th. The few Confederates around Macon had been withdrawn, and flic little army disbanded before Wilson's arrival. On the f th of May Gen. Dick Tay lor surrendered the forces, munitions of war, .etc., in the department of Alabama, East Mississippi and Louis- ana, so all of the Confederates east of the Mississippi by tho 12th of May. On the 25th of May Gen. Kirby Smith surrendered what remained of only his command to Gen. Canby. to I President Davis, in his volume 2, that dale relates: “A vast concourse of people assembled at the President's house to make the popular cougratu lations to Mr. Lincoln. There was music, illuminations; the ground was ablaze with triumphal lights, and the vast crowd called impatiently for a response from the President. It was a grand historical occasion; one of great thought and imposing circum stances ; one for noble and memorable utterances. The President of the United States came forward and cal'ed for the ‘rebel’ song of ‘Dixie.’ He said: ‘I have always thought ‘Dixie’was one of the best songs I ever heard. Our adversaries over the way, I know, have attempted to appropriate it; but I insist that on yesterday we fairly captured it. I referred the question to the Attorney General, and lie gave it as his legal opinion that it is now our property. [Laughter mid applause, j I now ask the band to give us a good turn error, upon it.” And the chronicler adds: “It was the characteristic speech and the last public joke of Abraham Lin coln.” approachable correct ccnsu population or anything else made in j page G08, makes tho following re- thc history of the government. The. marks* observation p,f mortality tables, mad menu complete during the last ten years than ever before, show that the negro population lias a far higher death rate than the whites. In Washington it L nearly doublet that of the whites, and yet this district has been fitly termed the paradise of the negro. Nowhere else in the civilized or uncivilized world is he as well paid for his labor, as well clothed, as well housed, as well fed. There <tyc tqore of tlic y|\cp in receipt of annual sala ries, removed from the condition of (lay laborers, than in any city of tho world at any period of the world’s history. Even the poorest are eared for better than the average negro in any other city of the country, and yet the death rate of the ne*.-ra, amutn “On the 2f>th of May the chief of staff of Gen. E. Kirby Smith and the chief of staff of Gen. Canby at Baton Rouge, arranged similar terms for tho surrender of tho troops in the trans-Mississippi department. On May 11th, after tho last army east of the Mississippi had surrendered, hut before Kirby Smith had arranged similar terms, the enemy scat an expe dition Horn the Brazos Santiago against a little Confederate encampment some fifteen miles above. The camp was captured and burned, but, in the zeal to secure the fruits of victory, they remained-so long collecting the plunder that Gen. J. E, Slaughter heard of the exneditio.i, moved *» drove it hack with con- . • , -idcrable loss, sustaining very little : > a ^; 'f V; T y r? ft0 !' yc:l1 '’ is i injury to his command. This was, I nearly double that of the white man. ' | )elievu tho last nrmed coll(lict nJ Ul<J war, and though, vary small in com- j.„.jsuu to its great battles, it deserv ed notice as having closed the long It is so in every city of the country, and in nearly all .Southern citit— where statistics ere the ratnmif Joaj.li is targer for the negro than i Was ashington. In Charleston, Mobile, New Orleans, Galveston, St. Louis and Memphis the tjcajh (idp m tjic sttWPlimea n ' cs more than tlonulp that of the whites, Tho birth rate of tho negro population is diffi cult to obtain, because they rarely obtain a physician, but from Why Is it “Black Maria?” The orgin of the name of “Black Maria" for the police patrol wagon, has been a matter of speculation in the minds of a great many people, and numerous have been the ques tions asked concerning it. The an swers to these questions may have been, in some respects, correct, but perbaps the best answer is given by the Boston Globe of recent date: Way back in the twilight of the settlement of Boston,” the 7.lobe says, "Maria Lee, a colored woman of gi gantic stature, possessing the courage of a lion, kept a sailors’ boarding house down at the old North End. One night a party of drunken tars got into a row and began throwing the Amazon’s chattels out of her house. The watch was called in, but was soon overpowered, and dismay spread abroad through the street. Then Maria stalked out of her habitation and stopped further outrage by collar ing two of the offenders and carrying them bodily to the old ‘watch house,’ then standing near where Union street now crosses Hanover street. ‘Black Marta was known throughout the city for her prodigious strength, and for years she aided the police in quelling rows, and had been known to take three strong men to the ‘watch house’ at one time. So, years afterward, when the first police ‘cart’ was made, it was called the ‘Black Maria’— hence the name,” Roma, Ga., Aug. 20.—The Grand Encampment of the Independent Grder of Odd Follows held its annual session here to-day. There was n large attendance and a very pleasant session. The reports of the grand of ficers, while they do not show any material inorea.* in point of numbers, art. gratifying to the members gener ally, showing that the encampment To the Front. AS ALWAYS, branch of the order :s in a very struggle—as it opened—with y, Don- federate victory.” 'V ita tiie surrender of Gen. .Smith tho Confederate flag no longer floated uii land. The last sailor to float the flag was Cant. Waddell, in command of the Confederate cruisoy Shoiian. uch doali, which was nwuopiug the seas, statistics as we have, the birth rate 1 does not greatly exceed in cities t’lat ot the whites. In Washington there L a., e*cutt of negro births ns com pared with the whites, but it is not nearly double. From all that can be learned from health and mortali \\c. heard iu August, 18G5, of the downfall of the Confederacy, while at sea, from a British Captain, lie. therefore steered for the coast of Eng land. surrendered his vessel to the British government in Novombe statistics kept in eitie^ jt tno best unlls 1 eovcrunicnt in Novombcr, opium” ‘kaj t|ie negro population which afterwards turned it over does‘not increase proportionately with to the United .States. does not increase proportionately wit the whites, ’ and that the next yens’,y; will show that in the \yhoqc country the importance o.f the negro, as a fac tor jn our population is on the de crease,” tit Washington tho surrender of Lee’s army was taken as thn close of the war. A Southern chronicler of the events at the Federal capital at healthy condition. The officers for the pruwut year arc: William Pitt man, of Athens, grand patriarch; John Asher, of Griffin, grand high priest; J. P. Kenyon, of Atlanta, grand senior warden; A. N. Manuey, of .Savannah, grand junior warden; J, G. Dietz, of Macon, grand scribe; L. II. Hall, of Atlanta, grand tre.-i.siirer; C. E. Roblic, of Augusta, grand rep resentative. (Mitchell House Block.) Has just opened up to the young and ola gents the handsomest line of shoes ever of fered in our city, in all styles, from the narrowest to the wid est lasts. Patent leather shoes, hand some line of gents’ toilet slippers and full line of ladies’, misses’ and children’s shoes. Mitchell House Block. New York, Aug. 20.—Twenty Arabs of both sexes, who came on the steamer La Normandie, arc detained at Castle Garden until the Turkish consul can be consulted. It is said there are 70,000 Aralts awaiting to come to this country, provided these twenty are passed through. The State Alliance elected the fol lowing officers to serve during the ea- suing year, at the meeting in Mac-cut: I,. F. Livingston, president; R, W. Everett, of Polk, vice-president; R. L. Burk, ot Chipley, secretary; Wnt. A. Broughton, of Madison, treasurer; J- W. Book, of Pike, state lecturer; Jb Williams, of Schlov, assistant lecturer.