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S ara. The amount raised, even at
i present time. Is not sufficient to
meet the trade and tho greater part of
the flower-seed sold Is Imported from
Europe.
Importance of Seed Testing.
Since the dors of tradition a great
deal of attentlou has been paid to
seed testing for quality of germina
tion. Seeds hare been floated or bare
been heated until they popped; they
hare been broken and the fracture
noted; they hare been cut and judged
by the appearance of the Inside.
Various experiment stations of the
United States bare, for a long time,
paid much attention to practical seed
testing. The Department of Agricul
ture for nearly eight years has con-*
ducted a trial ground In connection
with Its seed laboratory where studies
kitchen. A stitch In time often saves
nine, and a little trouble • month be
fore planting time may make the
farmer or the gardener considerable
money and conduce greatly to bis hap
piness and good temper. Nothing la
certainly more aggraTatlng than to
plow, One the ground well, plant, and
then, as the golden moments of spring
slip by, wait In vain for the young
plants to appear, or secure only a half
NO OTHER WAGONS APPROACH
© Growing Seeds for Market
'd':t Good Seeds Are Half the Battle
GUY ELLIOTT MITCHELL
thriving businesses sccdman’s agent, Is s text-book of hor-
tes today and which tlculture. Millions of these books find
on Its work regard- their way Into rural homes and become
atlons of stocks on the basis by which the amateur gard-
res. Is the growing ener derives a knowledge of varieties
ds From small bo- and even methods,of growing plants
colonial period this under varied conditions,
n so that now Its Seed Growing a Big Industry,
by the tens of mil- Tho seed trade has changed quite ns
•ginning of die seed much as has tho catalogue, first with
•ed In small Shops its woodcut engravings, to excellent
m nf maiI ahnrrvl a ~
In Perfect Adaptability Under all Conditions to
The Strong Old Hickory
THE WOODMAN'S STRIDE.
With a Long Swinging Step. He
Covers Much Ground and Pre
serves a Perfect Balance.
A woodman walks with a rolling
notion, bis hips swaying an Inch or
core to the stepplhg side, and bis pact
tlon may be noticed to on exaggerated
degree In the stride of a professional
pedestrian, bat the latter walks with a
heel-and-toe step, whereas an Indian’s
or sailor’s step is more nearly Hotfooted.
In the latter case the center of gravity
la covered by the whole foot The poise
la as secure as that of a rope walker.
The toes are pointed straight forward,
MANUFACTURED BY
Kentucky Wagon Manufacturing Co.
LOUISVILLE, KY.
LARGEST PRODUCERS OF FARM WAGONS IN THE WORLD'
Kirk’s
A Q\ia.rter of
a. Century
of unfailing service -
of varieties an made. Samples hre
alio planted of tho vast quantities of
seed sent out for Congressional dis
tribution. The Department bqs In fact
done mnch to purge the countiy of
dishonest seed dealers, and a large
force la constantly employed securing
seeds fnm dealers and testing them,
AMERICAN CROWN
American Cheese Production.
Twenty years ago the cheese supply
■ .rV-i.-i ” . . t., tut. „,1
BEATING OUTirnMP SEED IN KEN.
English and Dntch homes. These of
course wore of such plants as wen
considered necessaries of life—corn
barley and peas, while fruit trees
were alio aet out
Early record! show that In 1703,
Nathaniel Bird, a book-dealer of New
port, B. I., advertised garden seeds
just arrived from London. The fol
lowing year an announcement was
made by Gideon Wellei that be had
some choice Connecticut onion seeds
for sale. In New York city hemp and
flax seeds were advertised for,sale as
early as 1705. Boston, however, be
ing the commercial center In the early
days, waa the chief city for the sale
of garden needs. In 1707 out of twen-
ty-slx advertisers In the Boston Ga
zette, six were dealers In' seeds. Dur-
*aa green seep, consistency of paste, s perfect
cleanser for automobile, machinery and ell
vehicle*; will not injure the most highly
polished surface. Mode from pure vegetable
oils. If your dealer does not carry American
Crown Boap in stock, send us his name and
Address and we will see that your wants are
supplied. Put up In 18^85 and CO lb palls.
ABSOLUTE RELIABILITY 1
of tho
Remington
James S. Kirk & Company
CHICAGOo IU.
We bare published some good ones spec
ially suited for farmers. Books that will help
every fanner to make more out offals farm
Write for our catalogue.
^WBBB PUBLISHING CO*
8t* Paul Minn*
Sandwich
Well Drilling
Machines
drflUni
* A CLOVER SEED STORE-HOUSE,
both with regard to their germ (native
quality and tbolr truencss to name.
There la great opportunity for adulter
ation, and many farmers arc apt to
consider they are saving money If they
ban get seeds at a reduced rate, find
ing out when It la too late that they
have been swindled with false varie
ties or that perhaps 60 per cent of
their seeds fall utterly of germination.
Personal Seed Tests.
The average farmer, however, would
HAY PRES
Over 70 sizes and fa
either deep or shallow weUste-o
of soil or rock. Mounted-4lK
tills. With engines or hofflte
Strong, simple and durable, i
chanlo can operate them easily.
SERB FOR CATALOGUE
.WILLIAM BR08., Ithaca, N.Y.
The Baler fa speed. Boles 13 to 18
tons a day. Has 40 inch feed bole.
Adapted to bonk barn work. Stands np
to its work—no digging holes for wheels.
Seif-feed Attachment increases cap
acity, lessens labor, makes better boles
and does not incrcaso droit.
Mulberry Fences.
There are but fow fences In Ja
pan. The mulberry tree la planted In
stead, the leaves of which furnish food
for ailk worms. Nearly 200,000 acres
are thus utilised.
do well to carry on a little seed test
ing establishment of bis own each
S ar, and this course Is advocated by
e Department of Agriculture. In
Harvesting
Sorgftum
Seed In
Nebraska.
Repeaters
are the. orirb.1 eoU
top ana siui electors.
ps
between.the shooter's
head and the cartndre
at all times, throws the
empties away from him
instead of Into his face,
prevents amoks Md
gases from entering his
smooth*?, makriHT vrry
■STmCmSiSi
mSm the M arlin the
Safest breech-loading
gun ever built. «*»•
page catalogue, »oo tt*
lustrations, coyer m
nine colors, mailed .for
three stamps.
Ths Merits fee Arms Ce.
New Haven, Conn.
, SANDWICH MFC. CO„'
M< Main Street, Sandwich, HI
A Few
Pumpkins
For Seed
Flue, Fir, Cypress and Yellow Pine.
Write for Catalogue,
Eagle Tank Co., 281 N. Green 8t,
Chicago, 111.
this country largely depended npoi
foreign markets for seeds, but betweei
1800 and 1870 as many seed farm
were established as baa been flurlui
the thirty yean before the conflict
Growers also became expert and thi
market gardener found be could ge
lug the War for Independence the ad-
elite MmmnilHv nnruir*
TOUT vVUivU, Uiiuuugu » v .—.
1 loved that there waa not a time but
what one could purchase seed* to any
of the Urge cities of that period.
A Pioneer Seedsman.
In 1784, Davlll Landretb commenced
operations In Philadelphia; Bernard
U'Mabon, In that same city In 1800,
while In 1805, Grant Thorburn began
. to soil seed! In New York. By 1830
the population had Increased from
about three million In 1700, to ten
and a half millions To meet the
S demand for vegetable, and
these ten and a half millions
more than three and a half
rimes aa many seeds as . were used In
1700. Dealers established themselves
In the principal cities and crossed the
mountains.
Along with the reaching out for
trade cams the Increasing aloe and
prominence of the catalogue. Theear-
llest seed catalogues were mere Hats
not intended for general distribution.
Tborburn probably Issued tbs first
seed catalogue as early as 1823.
shortly after the civil war the cata
logue became mom prominent Its
sUe was Increased and a few Illustra
tions appeared. Novelties ware not as
numerous twenty years ago as they
are today; they were not given so
much attention either. Today there is
not an Important catalogue but gives
considerable apace to noverags.
Seedsmen are on the alert tor norel-
tiee; they are the money makers. The
modern catalogue, with lb profusely
lllnatrated pages while In a sense the
IP YOU WANT A JACK
t. 3 . w»uucir»®. bare to coo
tula tho description of exactly what you wont
Hydraulic Jacks our Specialty
Watson-Stillman Co.,
40 Dcjr St., N. Y. City.
from the eeedmen just as good seed
as he cnuld cave himself and at leas
coat The butlnesa of seed-raising In
creased rapidly after the war, farms
being established In various parts of
the eastern United States. In 1873
seed growing commenced In Calltor-
nla, when It. W. Wilson planted 50
acres to beets,-onions, lettuce and car
rots for seed purposes.
Two Thousand Aero Seed Farm.
From this beginning the business luts
grown to enormous proportions. Now
a single firm of growers devotes annu
ally some 2,000 acres to seed crops.
Onion and lettuce are staple seed
crops, while carrot, celery, '
A CALIFORNIA ONION PATCH.
fact, the Department will send any
body a pamphlet describing almple
methods of testing seeds.
Firms with any reputation behind
them can not afford to work off poor
. .. leek, en
dive, kale, kohl-rabl, parsnips and
parsley are all grown by California
seed growers.
. While the census of 1800 showed
that there were In the United States
500 aeed farms, containing 100,680
acres, the census of 1900, with Incom-
Producers of Northern grown acclimated trees and the best
varieties for planting in Northern States.
Every Variety of Standard Fruit
Thoroughly tested Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries and Trees
Ornamental, Small Fruit Plants, Shrubs,,,
Vines and Roses.
Roosevelt's epigram—
ably stand ready to supply a good arti
cle In Its place. The fault,in fact, may
not be the soedman'a. Although tho
seed dealers attempt to convey tho
Idea that they raise their own seeds
on their own farms, anch a practice Is
manifestly impossible where vast sup
plies of seeds are furnished. They
raise some of the seeds, but large
quantities are contracted for by them
with other growers and farmers, and
there Is always a chance of the seeds-
men themselves being imposed upon, ried In the pock
So that it la well for tho Individual can flash It on
ratlvely. Do not provoke qnarrela;
avoid them If you can. Bat be pre
pared for a tight corner. Many night
policemen and detectives carry stout
canes In preference to revolvers. The
stick la always ready In all wea
thers. The revolver must be car-
- . and onty an expcr t
.he Instant When
you are In a situation where your stick
Is needed do not figure on using It aa
a dub. An agile man can dodge the
sweep of a stick, and knife yon before
you recover your guard. Carry the
stick with the rip somewhat In ad
vance, grasping it firmly six inches
or more below the knob or handle.
If you are confronted by an adver
sary give him a sudden, bard thrust
with the small end. The stomach la
a moat vulnerable point and If yon
catch him fairly the chance* are ten
to one that double up like a
jack-knife, Before bo recover* yon
can withdraw the (rick and band him
one on tho bead or the back of too
neck that will put him out oif business
So that It la well for tho Individual
grower to test each batch of farm or
garden needs which he expects to
plant The test which he ran make
will show him nothing regarding vari
eties; he may be getting a common
cabbage Instead or some high-priced
novelty, that can only be determined
at the end of the year; but the gov-
A SPECIALTY OP'
FLOWERING PLANTS AND' SHRUBS
Cut Flowers and Floral Designs. • Also Vegetable Plants
Shipped by-express. Catalogue and Price List Free,,
Mail orders have prompt attention.
MISSOULA NURSERY CO.
MISSOULA, MONTANA. ‘