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*as Ix>pu made In each particular cate, be-
•houW ultimately appear that this law hat
_ applied to . _
la topujcraplijr, soil, and climate. No arbi
trary rule should be followed, but io each
case the area of the homestead should be
determiued by the acreage which may be
accessary to support a family upon the
land, either by agriculture, or by grazing If
agriculture Is Impracticable. Until such
acreage is determined for each locality,
any new general law providing a method
of obtaining title to the public lands
would, in the opinion of your CommlKSInu,
bo decidedly unsafe.
Lieu Lands.
Careful study has been given by your
Commission to the subject of forest-reserve
lleu-Iund selections. These selections have
given rise to great scandal, and have led
to the Requisition by speculators of much
▼aluahle timber and agricult'
its consolldati'
thermore, the _ .
meat ami the people from the sclccth
of valuable lands In lieu of worthless areas
ins been very great. There has been
nsurate return In the way of
— agrlt ^ ...—
into large holdings,
t-y loss to the (Jove
Increased settlement and huslne:
Ity. Public opinion concerning Hen-land
•elections, by railroads In particular,
reached an acute stage. The situation
In urgent need of a remedy, and your Com
mission recommends the repeal of the laws
providing for lieu-land selections.
A partial remedy by Executive action
has already been applied by carefully Io-
rating the boundaries of new forest re
serves, and thus limiting lieu-land selec
tions to comparatively insignificant areas.
The lasV annual message to Congress de
dares definitely that— .
FOOTBALL ANCIENT SPORT.
ROOSEVELT’S SOT THE FIRST
ROYAL EDICT TO PREVEST
ROUGH PLAYISG.
The making of forest reserves utilhin'railroad
and wagon-road land-grant limits will here-
offer, as for the past three years, be so managed
as to prevent the issue, under the act of June 4,
s&flt of base for exchange or lieu selection (us•
ually called scrip). In all ca tes where forest re-
serves wit km areas covered by land grants ap
pear to be essential to the prosperity of settlers,
miners er others, the Government lands within
such proposed forest reserves will, as in the
recent past, be withdrawn from sate or entry
fending the completion of such negotiations with
the owners of the land grants as will Prevent the
creation of so-called serif.
There are now lands In private ownership
within existing forest reserves, and simi
lar lauds most to a limited extent be ln-
eluded In new reserves. Therefore, a me
thod la required by which the Government
may obtain control of nonagrlcultural
lea of these
English and Scottish King's Have
Debarred Came. Has Always Been
Roughest of Sports for Five Hun*
dred Vears-Shin Kicking Approved.
President Roosevelt's attempt
bring about a revision in the rules of
the gridiron sport that it may
played with less risk to the lives and
limbs of the contestants Is after all
but a revival of the caustic com
ments of at least two English sov-
relgns who beat the President
the revision business by several hun
dred years. Football Is one of the
oldest of all the English pastimes, and
It Is even believed that the Greeks
nml Roman* bad ft similar game.
Ever since It first made its appear
ance It has been characterized by ex
treme roughness and has been the
subject-of denunciations on the part
of those who called more for their
own safety and that of the players
than for the final score.
As early as 3314 football had be
come so popular In London as a street
game and attracted so many disord
erly spectators that the staid old mer
chants entered a vigorous protest
King Edward II was on the throne
then and wasted no time dining tbe
football coacbes or arguing about
tbe matter. He Issued a proclama
tion in which he $aid:
“Forasmuch as there Is great noise
in the city caused by hustling, over
large balls from which many evils
might arise, which God forbid, we
command and forbid on tbe half
the King, on pain of Imprisonment,
such games to be used in the city In
the future."
This terse and ominous declaration
forestalled by more —an five hundred
years the American legislators who
have come to the front la the past de
cade with bills to make- football 11-
tle attention then as now, for in 1491
we find another act in which “fute-
balle and golfe" were roasted to a
turn and prohibited under severe
penalties.
The unregenerate of Scotland were
much given to playing football on
Sunday. At first it Interfered with
the practice of archery on the Sev
enth Day, and later, when the Sab
batarian movement had acquired
prominence, it kept people away from
church.so in 1691 we find the town
council of Edinburgh strictly forbid
ding the playing of matches on the
Sabbath.
Not only was the game itself
rough, but It attracted great con
courses of people who were willing
at all times to jump In with clubs
and other weapons and resent un
fairness or poor decisions. For
some reason Shrove Tuesday was the
great date for annual contests, cor
responding to what Thanksgiving Day
used to be In this country. On this
day the crowds swnrmed out to the
greens and, from the descriptions we
their conduct before and after
the games would have made the wild
nights a few years ago In the New
York Tenderloin after a big game in
that city look like a Sunday School
picnic. .*>- ‘ > r.
Was a Reign of Terror.
They marched around with much
shouting and cheering, chasing the
city watchmen up and down alleys-
and beating them right merrily. Pass-
RIVAL NAVAL BUILDERS.
GOVERNMENT COXSTRVCTORS
BEAT PRIVATE COXCERX
IS SHIPBUILDING.
The Connecticut Ahead of Slater Ship
Louisiana—Cost However Greater—
First War Ship Ever Built by the
Government.
There is great rivalry between the
United States Navy Yard at Brooklyn
and a private shipbuilding concern at
Newport News, over the construction
of the two naval war leviathans, Con
necticut and Louisiana. The Govern
ment Is building the Connecticut, and
tlie shipbuilding company Is rushing
toward completion the Louisiana.
The figures given out but a sliort time
ago by the Navy Department show
that tbe Connecticut Is 01.30 per cent
completed, while her sister ship shows
percentage of completion of 89.25.
comparison shows then that the
Government-built boat has a slight
lead, which is all the more gratifying
to the champions of Government con
traction when it Is considered that
this is the first battleship ever bnllt
In the United States by any other
than private constructors and that It
was predicted that the Government
could not compete with private build
ers. Nevertheless the Government
ship wifi cost the more. '
By- act of Congress approved July
PERFUMES FOR THE NOBILITY.
ONE ENTRY IN THE DEEP OREGON FOREST.
Haro the entry™ in swore that the claim was mostly valuable for agriculture. Forest bo
— » fhowud only -b block: aus* of true growth.
Secretary of tbo Interior should
thorlsed. In Ills discretion, to accept the
relinquishment to the United States cf any
tract of !hu(1 within n forest reservo cov
ered by nil unperfccted bonn fide claim
lawfully Initiated or by it patent, ami to
grant to the owner Id lieu thereof a tract
©f unappropriated, vacant, surveyed, non-
mineral public land In the snmo State or
Territory and of approximately equnl area
and value as determined by nn examina
tion, report, and specific description by
public surveys of both tracts to be made
on tbe ground by officials of the Govern
ment. When exchange under these condi
tions cannot be affected, lands p -* •-
uld
terlor should be authorised to take the nec
essary proceedings as rapidly as the neces
sary funds aro provided. s
Timber and Stone Act.
Tbo recommcmlntloua made for the re-
paal of tho timber aud stone act In tbo
previous reports aro renewed aud empba-
■u«‘d. Additional fn«-la showing tho de
structive effect of this law have strength
ened tho belief of jour Commission that on
tbe wholo.lta operation la decidedly harm
ful. Tbla law has boon made the vehicle
for Innumerable frauds, and tbe Govern
ment baa loat and Is still losing yearly vast
sums of money through the sale of valu
able timber lauds to speculators, nml henco
Indirectly to large corporation*, at n price
far below their actual value. From tho
passage of the act. June 3. 1878. to June
io, 1804,' 55,37*.! CWU for 7,500,078 acres
«t timber laud were patented under its.
previsions, aud on last date 7.C1-1 claims
for 1,108,380 acre* were pcudlng. Many
transfers of land patented under this law
are made Immediately upon completion of
title, often on the *ame day, to Individuals
aud*companic*. In this way a monopoly of
v the timber Huppllea of tbe public-land
States Is being created by systematic col
lusion. Under the existing rules and prac
tices of the courts It la difficult to prove
ltd* collusion, except lu cases of open
fraud and it Is therefore practically Im
possible to secure convlctlou. Furthermore,
under bona fide compliance with lue actual
provisions of tbe law tbe'effect Is almost
equally bad. Tbe law Itself la seriously de-
It has been urged la behalf of this act
that It enables poor men to enjoy the
bounty of the Government by obtaining
tracts of timber which they can afterwards
sell with advantage. A careful study
seems to show, on the contrary, that the
original entrymen rarely rcalUe more than
ordinary wages for the time anent In mak
ing the entry and completing tne transfer.
Tbe .corporations which ultimately secure
/ title usually absorb by far tbe greater part
of ih.* profit.
In addition to the direct loae to toe
Government from the .ale of the Unde far
below their real value, timber land, which
ihouid hare been praaanred for the nso of
the people are withdrawn from anch ih
and tbo development of tbe country la re
tarded until tbe corporation, which own
the timber ace fit to cut It. Tbe bona tide
aettler who cornea Into a country, tho Um
ber reaourcea of which have thus been nb-
aorhed, may bo very serlou.ly hampered by
hla Inability to eccure timber except from
a foreltn corporation. All of the. timber
land lias often .paaied beyond hla reach,
and the development of bis farm may be
retarded and hi. expenae.
pasta, and
^ should be
Sale of Timber on the Public Lands.
Necessity for the enactment of a,., law
authorising tbe ule of timber on nonre-
serve public land ia becoming more evi
dent, and the recommendation* made In
the preceding report of this Co—
are reiterated. For the best ore
public lands it Is absoli~
bold public timber for i
and In quantities n
tlnnons growth of
fhx>vlslon shoo* * *"
free-use right 1
tiers.
A virgin la a m.iltl: when verging on
30 la called an old maid.
ladylike nowadays, hut what It was
In Edward's tlim-, when tho favorite
diversions of. the apprentices and other
youngsters were street lights lu.whlch
anything from nn nxu to n kick In tho
stomach was allowed may be better
Imagined than dcsrrlbeci. The broken
collarbones and strained tendons with
which we are familiar as a result of
Bcrlmmngos must bavo been mcro pin
scratches compared with casualties-
attending a buck on center by tho
Mediaeval "backs."
Another English sovereign who
THE CONNECTICUT NEW SEA FIGHTER BEING BUILT BY GOVERNMENT.
Tsby were likely to be rolled In the
nearest mnd paddle and tho tendency
to break windows and "rough home"
inns and alehouses became so pro
nounced thnt keepers of shops and
taverns pat up their shutters and se
curely barred their doors. When ri
val bands met there was vast smash
ing of heads-wblch afforded ample
practice for all the barbers and
leeches In the neighborhood.
Matters went from bad to worse
until tbe pnblic and authorities be
came weary of reading tbs annual
list of dead and Injured, and about
1830 the great Shrove Tuesday
matches died put. The game was
perpiotiintca In tho colleges, but oven
thore It was no sport for weaklings,
as Is proved by the fact that ns late
as 1870 "hacking.” or kicking nn op
posing player on tho shins, was al
lowed aa ono of tho finer points. The
Football Association formed In 1878
was tho result of t(p> Interest in ath
letics nroused by tho voluntoer move
ment In England lu 1800 and tbe
Rugby Union wtii formed In 1811.
The present rales In the United State,
were evolved from roost of the Rug
by Union, na opposed to tho “socker”
or Association stylo which hss rodent 1
ly been exploited as s possible sub
stitute for tho American game..
AN ANCIENT FOOTBALL GAME IN THE STREETS OP LONDON.
took n hand In tho gnme because of
the Injuries with wnlch it was at
tended was King James 1. He was
a patron of sport and believed In his
progeny getting plenty of excitement,
but ho balked at football. It was too
much trouble to raise an heir to
have him twisted Into a pretzel Just
about tho time he might be useful In'
holding down the throne. James told
hla son to run along and have a good
time with tho hoys. In fnct, ho wrote
down certain precepts for mo young
man's guidance, bnt If tho coach had
asked Prince Charles to “come out
for the eleven" he would have been
mot with tho familiar “parental ob
jection” of the present day, which
King James expressed as follows.
“From this count I deter nil such
rough and violent exorcise as the foot
ball, meeter for laming than making
able tho users thereof.”
Interfered With Archery.
Football has always had a tendency
to run foul of tho law. Ito original
first offence was In taking the minds
of prospective soldiers off from arch
ery, hut in this it had as a side part
ner the eminently peaceful and goa-
tle game Of golf. In 1157 a- Scottish
act waa passed In which the two
sports were condemned In language
as vigorous as that used by some of
our college presidents on the same
subject, because they occupied too
much of the tlmo of the husky men
who might have been learning the finer
points of how to send nn' arrow
through the breast plate of an En
glish Invader. The plaints of the
staid seigneurs received about as lit-
An Early Print.
The finding of a human footprint,
said to be 10,000 years old, In a Penn
sylvania colliery has led to tho report
tfat a record In antiquity has been es
tablished. But this is a thing of yes
terday, geologically speaking. The
day will come, the ethnologists eay,
when man’s age will be found recorded,
not In thousands of yeare, but millions.
Even now they have traced him hack
to pre-glacial days. How to express
that lu figures la a problem, but, at any
rate, they fir certain happenings lb the
glacial period as 210,000 yeare ago.
And In those day* our forefathers, with
or without their tolls, their three eyes
or fewer, wcrwbuay In Europq_With the
mammoth and-th* elephant, the giraffA
the lion, the tiger and species which
he has ouGlved. Man was on the earth
before Vesuvius and Aetna reared-
tbelr fiery heads nnto the skies. He
has been found with bis works of art
burled a-hundred feet deep In the gold-
bearing gravels of'Callfornla, overlaid
by four successive lava streams from
volcanos long extinct . **■'
1, 1002; authority was granted for tbs
construction of two battleships after
ward named the Connecticut and
Louisiana, each 150 feet long, 76 1-8
feet wide, with a draft of 31 feet 8
Inches. A short time after this action
of Congress, tbe Navy Department de
cided to have one of the battleship*
constructed by private parties, tbe
Government endeavoring to bolld tb*
other.
Government Co’ Bad Start Too.
Tbe contract for tbe Louisiana was
let to the Newport News Shipbuilding
and Dry Dock Company who laid tbe
keel for that vessel on February 7,
1008, while tbe Government wi* de
layed In tbs construction of its vessel
so mneb that tbs keel, was not laid
down until March 10' of tbs same
year. Tbe Government - was further
delayed In building tbe Connecticut
owing to non arrival of necessary ma
chinery and armor plats, yet with all
of these drawbacks the latest figures
published by tbs Navy Department
show the Gown mont-bullt Rost
farther advanced .oward completion
than that being erected by a private
concern. The Louisiana was the first
to receive Its christening,-having been
launched August 27, 1004; the Con
necticut did not take to the waves
until September - 20 of the earns year.
The Brooklyn Nary Yard, where tbe
Connecticut Is being bnUt la now em
ploying over 1,000 men on tbs battle
ship and- It Is stated that there is
still room for 200 more Workmen.
With tbe rapid progress now being
made on the vessels it Is estimated
that they will be ready to go Into
commission by Jane of next year.
Most Formidable of War Ships,
Tbesd battleships when completed
will be among the most formidable
war vessels of the world: the main
battery on each win consist of lour
12-tncb, eight 8-ineb and twelve 7-
inch rifles; the secondary battery will
have twenty 3-inch rapid fire ' gone,
twelve 3-pounders, eight 1-pounders
and a number of rapid fire guns of
smaller calibre. There will also lie
four submerged torpedo tubes Tbe
ships will have ample protection by
heavy armor ranging In thickness
from nine to eleven Inches. The'con
tract cells for vessel* of 1&000 tons
displacement, with s stesmtagespset-
ty, at 10 knots par boar, of 6,000 miles
without recoating. They are expect
ed, however, to make 18 knots per
hour et the official trial. Each ship
will be manned by 866 officers and
men. The contract price of the Lou
isiana la 13,090,000 while tbe Connect
icut Is expected to cost $4,212,000.
Many Friendly Pals.
Rodrlck—‘they say ChoIIy Goodfel-
low Is very popular around town.
Van Albert—I should say aO. Why.
he wears out two coats a month Just
from people slapping.him on tbe back.
—Chicago News.
In India the contribution basket la
sometimes passed around In the Hin
doo temples by an elephant.
Chestnuts are a very similar food to
potatoes. The chestnut, however. Is
the more nutritious of tbe two. The
chestnut has only 33 per sent, water
while tbe potato baa 76 per cent of wa
ter. In all of tbe nutritive Ingredients
the chestnut leads the- potato. Tbs
chestnut may be cooked exactly aa the
potato Is, boiled, baked, or roasted.
The culture of the chestnut tree in
this country baa as yet been neglected,
and furnishes sn Inviting Arid for en
terprising agriculture and forestry.
Ambassador Whltelaw Reid Engages
- Services of Earl’s Son.
At one time Lady Curzon had the
reputation of spending more money
on perfumes than any other woman
lu England. It waa said that she was
more extravagant in this respect then
Queen Alexandra whose perfume bills
amounted to something like $5,000 a
year. Now, the story goes, the Duch
ess of Roxburgh has become the
most extravagant purchaser of per-
fnmery In the laud. She patronizes
the heavy-scented essences of the
East which are known to he most ex
pensive. The cost of her dally bath
would, tt Is said, keep a middle-class
family for a week. Lady Curzon
used these same essences at one time,
but she found them so expensive that
ebedeglded to try cheaper . extracts.
Queen Alexandra, too, has gone In
for retrenchment In the same direc
tion, and she Is now satisfied with
the favorite scent of the late Queen
Victoria, which was a species of lav-,
ender water specially prepared for
her by a chemist at Windsor. The
Princess of Wales la also extravagant
In the use of scenta and .uses a spe
cial preparation made from violets
and other carefully cultivated flowers.
It Is strange that Lady Suffolk, for
merly Miss Lelter of Washington, dis
likes scents, considering her sister's
passion for them.
Even royalty finds It necessary to
yield obedlenco to the doctor's orders
The fiat baa gone forth that Queen
Alexandra must eat no more aweet
things. In consequence, a well-known
firm of London pastry cooks, who
have for many yeare supplied her
majesty with confectionery and other
tempting delicacies, have had their
order cancelled. For their loss of
trade the are consoled by tbe fact
that they are still allowed to display
the royal eoat-of-nrma which Indi
cates that they are under royal, pate
ronage. Tbe Queen baa long been In
ordinately fond of sweets and con
fections and has recklessly Indulged
ber appetite for them. That bas pro
duced an accumulation of superfluous
adipose tissue wblcb even tb* most
expert of dressmakers sre unable to
conceal. She Is no longer slim and
willowy, though English newspapers
IA Tension
Indicator:
B JUST
"WHAT
THE
WORD
] IMPLIES.
It
indicates
the state
cf the tension at a glance.
Its use means time saving
and easier sewing.
It's our own invention
and is found only on the.
White
Sewing Machine.
We have other striking
improvements that appeal to
the careful buyer. Send for
our elegant EL T. catalog.
s Sewing Macbe
Cleveland, Ohio.
SILOS
flat. Hr, Cypress sad TsDow Has.
Writ* lot Catalogse.
Eagle Tank Go., 281 N. Green 8fc,
Chicago, 111.
PIANOS AND ORGANS
STANDARD OS’ THE WORLD
LADY CURZON.
continue to’ to describe ber. Her medl
cal attendant hae told her that ber
only hope of regaining something like
her youthful contour of figure lies In
the practice of rigid 'self-denial.with
respect to the dainties she enjoys
moat The Princess of Wales has also
received a bint from a high medical
authority that she will some day be
come a second edition of her mother,
the Duchess of Teck, who Was enor
mously fat,, unless she practices fru
gality In tbe line of confections.
Ths Duchess of Arcoe. formerly
Miss Virginia Lowry of Washington,
wife of the new Spanish ambassador
to Italy, arrived la Rome recently
from St Petersburg, tbe former post
of her husband. On opening her
trank It was discovered that it had
been robbed In transit of Jewels val
ued at about $4,000. It Is supposed
that the robbery took place between
Turin and Rome. van Calra.
Queer Odor of Mammies.
Ton may put a mummy la a glass
case and seal It hermetically so that
no corroding alt can get within, bnt
tt will attn exhale Its odor. Four or
five thousand yeare. It would seem,
should exhaust all olfactory qualities,
but experience teaches us that these
smells remain while tb* origin of tbelr
scent* la unknown to us. They are
today aa much a mystery .to embalm-
ere a* when the bodies ware put In
the bath of nature.
Tbe ben’s eggs produced In tbls
country last year would fill 48,127,000
crates of 800 eggs each. It would re
quire 107,818 refrigerator care to trans
port this crop, and these cars would
make a train 000 miles long.
PENSIONS.
Over one Million Dollars
allowed our clients during the last
six years.
Over one Thousand
claims allowed through us dur
ing the last six months. Dis
ability* Age and In
crease pensions obtained
in the shortest possible time.
Widows* claims a specialty.
Usually granted within 90
days if placed with ns immedi
ately on soldier’s death. Fees
fixed by law and payable ont of
allowed pension* A successful
experience of 25 years and benefit
of daily calls at Pension Bureau
are at your service. Highest ref
erences furnished. Local Magis
trates pecuniarily
benefited by sending us
claims. -
TABER & WHITMAN C0. t
Warder Bld’g, Washington, D. C,
Foster’s Ideal
Cribs
Accident Proof*
IF YOU WANT A JACK
Seed tor oor Jack Catalogue. Son to coa
tala tha atacriptlon of exactly what yon wt-i
Hydraulic Jacks our Specialty
Watson-StUlman Co.,
40 Dor St., N. T. aty.
BOOKS—BOOKS
Wo bare published some good ooaa spec-
laUy Bolted for farmers. Rooks that will help
•very farmer to make more out of hie farm
Write for oar catalogue.
WEBB PUBLISHING CO.,
8t. Paul Minn.
. The Newest and Beet
STRAPJLOCKS
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■ - YALE PRINCIPLE
The NEWEST THINGS for CHRISTMAS
WEDDING (and other) PRESENTS
are our Lock Buckles for use on Tranks, Caiffi pf all Majh.
Portfolios, Messenger Bags, etc. . " - .
They are the only Lock Buckles with the Vale Principle
and ore made of Manganese Bronze, which looks Uke gold,
is stronger than steel and will not rust.
Locks alone (easily attachable). Small, 60c; medium, 76c;
large, 31.UU. (Beautifully baud engraved and including monogram.
Sficextni); with strap for trunk, $1.60 ; for case; 81.00 prepaid and re.
tamable if not delighted. Booklet on request Salesmen and tales
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LYNCH MEG. CO.
Madison, Wis.