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rcYonahß and well and fined j w? are v.-. arir to re. eg Tze t.hote on each file * i .hat Ine c'ft’r.ft focietics, pm; t? cnr did f112.1l he reftlTary to rnaik it moie pklniv than nature hif done, ye u fhn.ll have i:. 1 th;:k v ,th yet:, than on this reduced kale, it will be rriO?e eaiy (. r you to in troduce the regular adoimftration Ci ..<u a * In proceeding to the eftalTfh r.f at of lavi s you wifii to adopt them Lorn curp, and fuch only for the profit as fuit your prefect condi ti a; chit fly indeed thole for the p urn foment cf crimes and the pro u. .on of property. But who ic to oh ermine which of our laws fuit ’ cur oor.dition, and flic. 11 be in force Vviih y< u ? All of jou being tqual r o, no one has a right to fay •- 1 a; fin 11 be law f.:r the others.*— h r v-ay is to put thefe questions to t e vm :-, and to ccr.ficTr that as >av; {< : which the majority votes— -1 t* f .':I has as creat a rig ht to ex .o v:t . ;.:s opinion by vc.se as ti e , b.naufe he is equally free, ;;; By mautr of himftlf.— Ia- it would be ii.ooj.vtr.ient for . e.-.i r rxu to meet in one place, > uid it :v t be better for ever) i-'v-n to no as we do—that is to ft • : (\oofte by tie vote cf she i* j ; cf the town and cf tns < > ‘ peopJe nearer to that than o r y < her town,’ one, two, thite * t■>■ r- , arco, ciirg to tl.e f.ae of • i wn, cf thofe whom each voter and T . the v, T ft c*.d hen eft eft men r tn ■;n phtcc, and let the;d meet t.j.-roei and rgi.ee v/hhh cf cur } •sf it them. Bat thefe men *l-.. • ■ i tiling of cur laws. Ilov/ t r *: \ they know which to. a t. v Let them fibekte in their < :v.< ; l cur beloved man Irving v -h them, Col. Mtdgs, and he v. 11 t; 1 them v;ha: our law is on ; .it they tit ft re. K ui hi fi jt- th ’na alio of our methods of < ’ ‘ .cfinds in our councils, fo as t o p; derve order, and to obtain the ;•. L : every mcmber la• rj y. Thts ( : c:i can make a law for giving to cm ry iu ad cfa family a fi-parate •j-. rc 1 of land, which, when he has i u.lr upon and improved, it fhall ! eh'j.g to him and his d.fceodants i ■vi r, and which the nation itfclf ;fn dl b.-.ve no right to fed from un tv r r.k to. t. They will determine t w .at punifhtmnt fhallbein j.; ft -. u for every crime. In our {• u :? generally, we punifh murder ojjiy, by death, and all other crimes by khtary confinement in a priion. But when you fha’.! have adopted V v,who arc to exccv-rv them *: v ..;ps, it miy be btilto permit (u rv town and the feeders in its ,ii* gkb'uhood a ached to if, to ft i ; i me cf <h. ir btft “, by a ?.r.. j -.ii'v of its voters, to be judges in ail o If n nc.es, and to execute the v a.-.cording to their own judg xr ? nt. Your council cf repri ienfa \ s w : !i cccide on this or fuch o t • r mode as may belt fuit you. I iV c- ft thefe ti.o gs my children, J i he confideratich of the Upper r i owns of your nation, to be de < cd on as they think beft, and I iir.ceuly wifh you may fupceed in your laudable endeavors to lave the icrrrns of your nation, by adopt ing tnduftnous occupations and a govc rnment of re gular law. In this you mav rely a 1 wavs on the council and : ffiftance cf the government of the United States. Deliver thefe words to your people in rny name, at.d allure them of my frVcndihip. T 11: JEFF&RSQN, Jcr.::"v c, ISO 9. SPE S C H Delivered by the Pr> ft.dent of the U j.red Stares to the Deputies of the C heroic* t s cf the Upper and 1.0 ver Towns. My Children , Dpt Kites eftbe Cbcr:kses if the Upper £■■;./ Lower ‘towns , I UNDLRSi’AND by the ft ■ eech-s vv hich you hadciiv ?: and ni'-, that there is a difference of d;f poficion among the people of both parts cf your na .ion 5 lome cf them defires to rema n on their lands, to betake themfdvts to agricultnrr, and the induftrious occupations of civilized life ; while othurs, fetain iug tlieir attachment t j the hun tff's life, and having little game on their ptefent lands are delirocs to re move acrcfs the IMiffiftippi, 10 1 me of the vacant lands cf tee L. 7 . States whrri game is abundant. I am plcufed to find fo many difpoisd to tnfuse the cnlrivaaon of the earth, a plentiful fubfiftance to their fami lk s j and to itnorove their mi. ids by education : But I do not blame thofe who havs'.g been bro’t up from their infancy to the purlcit of game, defire ftill to follow it to d;ft as 1 1 cc v n t r ies. Ik no -.v h 0 w and hi: n1: it is t ;r men to change the habits in which they have been ra fed. The *J. itr and States my children, are the friends of both parties, and as far as can re. fan ably be afked, they will be willing to fat is f y the v/ifiie- of b'th. ’i’h-do who remain may be allured of cur patronage, our aid and g >od neighbourhood : Thofe, who wofh to remove are peirnitted to fend an exp! nirg party to :<con rj itre the country on-fhe-wstters of the A1 kar fa, a r.d Whleßi vc r, and to- higher rp the better, as they will be the longer unapprcached by cur fettlcments, which will begin at the rucuih of thole rivers.—The rft-rular diftridls of thr govfernrner t cf Sr. Loti’s, are already laid cfF to Sr. Fra cis. When this party fhal! have found a trad of country fiuring the emi grants, and not chimed by other 10-iaus, we will ana ge with them and vc u, the exchange of chat for a juft proportion cf the country they leave, and to a part of which, pro portioned to their numbers, the/ have a right. Evely-aid towards their removal, and what will be ne ceffary for them there, will then be freely admicilDred to them ; and vh< n eftabhfhed in their new fetde ments, ve fnall frill corfider them rs our children, give them the be n-fit of exchanging their peltries for what tney w-iil want at oti** faefo rics, and always hold them firmly by the hand. I will now, mv children, proceed to ailwer our kind add refs cn my retiring fre m the government. — Serfible that I am become too old To watch over the exttnfive con cerns cf the fevtr.teen ftarep, and their territories, I rcqutfted my fellow cifzer.r, to permit me to retire, to five with mv family, and to thowle another P ftdenc lor themfelves, and Father for you.- They have done fo jad in a time I (hall rf fire, and r.fign into his hands, the care of ycur and our concerns. Be allured ray children, that he will have the fame friendly difpt fition towards you which I have had, and that vou will find in h m a true and affectionate Father. Indeed this is now the difpeftcion cf nil our people towards you. They lock upon ycu as brethren, born m the fame land, and having the fame intenefts; tell your people there fore, to er.certain no uncafinefs cn account of this change, for there YtU be aP charge as to them. Ds jVf- ; 0 the ha r**’ ad! n y players to fhe Q: z: Spfti iot it heir hnppir.efs j £.’ 11 thr u, that during m adfhmiftradun, I have he; J tht ir l and :2ft in mine, and that I will put it into the hand of their new father, who wili bold it as I have done. TH : JEFFERSON. January 9, 1809. “>■—. 0 <ce> c Frew the Lcndc.-i Morning Chronicle. TO THE ID I TOR. Sip.— i obierve in your paper of this day, that you fate as an article of iu ; T’.b;'rnce, that the miniftrrs have Cut an pgaitinto the Mediier ranc?.n, to purchafe corn for the ufe c f Spain, Portugal and the Weft- Indies. I applaud’ the v/lfdorn of the mtnifters in the adoption cf this mesfure. Spain in no one year produces torn mor: than fufHcient t r its confumpri >n during half the year j her fupplics are ufutlly drawn from the Medircrranean, (viz. from the coDh of Africa, the ifiands of the Archipelago, Sicily, and fome ttnaes ever, from Aft a Minor.) from the Baltic, Torn America, from I .angue.doc, and fo roe times from Lrgland. Even fuppofing that dunng the Eft fummer her crops ha/e be? n abundant, yet the cobec tiun of her harveft mu ft have been much injured ft om the number of I erfons t; ken cfF for military fer vice, and from the movements of various arrcoes. Another circum fta .ee abii 211 jukl b-:* taken into the account, viz. that during the 1 ill furomer b.paui has not received her pfual fnppiics of corn from the Bal tic, America or Languedoc. I arn therefore graceful to the murders for iiaving turned their attention to the means cf /upjfty.ing Spain y/ith rl;is nect flary article. But while I Applaud their conduct in endeavor ing ro procure for Spain the full fupj iy of every thing *hich can be ferniftied from the Mediterranean, I regret that they perfevere in re fufn g to adopt thofe meafures by which they might procure another fupply more abundant, and in which they are lefs likely to be counter acted by Bonaparte: I mean the fupply from the American market. I knew that I fhall be told that this fupply cannot be obtained without a per fed reconciliation with Ame rica, and that a perfedt reconcilia tion with America cannot be eft', di ed but by the abandonment cf our maritime claims. Are we certain that the h* maritime claims are well founded? and even admitting that the law cf nations jufolks us in af fetring thefe claims, yet may not the general wifii of civilized nati ons, which fir ft eftabiifhed the lav/, alter and chorge this law ? No law eftabiifhed by man ern, from irs nature, be unchangeable—the fame leg dative power which crea ted may repeal or new model a law. But even admitting that this doftrinemay be difputed, is it not man Lit that perfeveranee in thefe maritime claims mt;ft not only ren der air.ity between this country and America impracticable, but that it inuft alfo render us the or.j- cc of hatred to ail ether maritime flares. It 1805, at the very moment v.heo the emperer Alexander was enteiing into an cfFenfive alliance wnh ur, yet he referved to himfelf the right cf difputing our maritime ck ms. Is not this a fufficient proof that thofe maritime claims are odious to other nations ? If ihefe claims cannot be lubmitted to by America at the prefent day is it hkeiy that they will be ftbmitred to five and twenty years hence, when her ftrer gph will be t ’ 3 j ki'O’.v it k laid, chat Am: rica Rif r\ fo much from no- be! -g able to ; C (j hei corn, traf b- r. rc fix months are a; an end her fubj. w:h n.e ia r / belhon a gain it tneir government ; but do we not play too decn .1 game, do we not rifk too perilous a flak ‘, when we try which country fhaii be tired ft ft ; America of not being able to fell her corn, or Ero„ land of not being able to purchafe it; for in the prefent conteft the fupplying Spain with corn, is as dV Teritsally nee? fiary for our intereds’ as the fupplyirg England itfclf* for if spain cannot be fupplied vvirix corn by other means, lhs muft be fupplied from this country. Bet even admitting that Spain may be fupplied with corn from the Me diterranean, will there be no ad vantage in procuiirg her a fecond ftp ply ftorri the American market ? Reconciliation with America wili m: ft certainly facilirare reconcilia tion with the powers cf the Baltic - if ‘it does not procure us new al lies, it will dimimfh the number of cur enemies. Our prefent conteft with Dana parte is for our exigence; if he conqueis Spain and Portugal, Ireland cannot be defended, and when Ireland is loft, what is Great Britain ? I know that Mr. George Role, who, at prefent in the cha racter cf minifter, excrcifes deft>o tic power over nil the commercial concerns of this country, has re peatedly declared, that thefe mari time claims fhall never be abandon ed, and 2 large portion of the mer cantile inrerdls applauds thk fen timent.—Trade by a neutral flair, they fay, is war in difguife again ft us and whatever trade has been heretofore’ carried cn by America may now be gained by England; but in this they are mifkken, and though I do not expeft iu u lievrd, I do not ferupie to prophe cy, that thefe maritime claims muft, fooner or later, be abandoned j they may be per fevered in for fome time longer : but except you decide that England fhall forever continue in a {late of war, thefe unjuft claims, fo injurious to other dates, muft ultimately be abandoned. CASSANDRA. GEORGIA EXPRESS. ATHENS, MARCH 25. WASHINGTON CITY. March ij. On Ftlday licut. Gibbons, the mtflVr.ger from England, and cn Saturday Mr. Purviance, the mef ftnger from France, arrived in this city, fiom on beard the United) States fnip Ur.icn, which they left’ in the Delaware at New-Gallic. The Union left Plymouth on the 2d of January, and ever fince ‘ leaving port has been expofed to the xn ? ft furious (lor ms. By her dlfpatches from England are received, which we underftand, \ do not other wife change die fub fiftirg relations between the United States and Great Britain, than as they may be ?ft;cled by the irg order cf council [extrafled from, the London Gazette cf December 27th] the operation cf which, fo far as rd 1-i S to this country, would feem to be nugatory, the late aft! cf Congrefs interdidlirg intercccrfe with Great Britain and France ex cluding the Britifli fl ?g from our pertf. Colton, likewife, it will be j reccllefted, is prohibited from ex-j portation. t i( ITis M;j?fty in virtue of the power ukrVvd to him by two cer-