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VOL. 62.
!lc* tali* jljjtn »iU tioqu awit tun *»•-•-»* rt ■ - ■
j ommam ^ f>.« GBKGUi LIBRARY
TO g ?WFffflJ)U':!l^lllili l H' m .:." ■ J ~
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TheFiftnii
aEStUBWlll
Sartf j of
for tnnnyUi£™lii ^^inimilltct^^of lenbe rtf foil aclapt^trt'every deoiftid. pw-judinea at legislators, whohud
chemicals, fertilizers, etc. Lastly be The drFe*eiu!e eJenttfon, 1 ianfeib)^’ baun>intU-MrJ«ti to: Npafe agaiiist nidb
&>Ali»iHle»faUen«fl t*WHt tbygrttft ■eeiir^f^ ’i'' gWfaP^Ue^ig^t'^if we|>nrt<Mi»4r^ Mali geology,*’and
gold be]t of the Appalachian range; *'?" *»*:•* ***■'» """*> * •
and ^roBnd Ackworih* jutd for i ; • ' r ttiri4*AtvM*^ck4dffifk‘’ a? n w*H,foraUy »* Utg- wunMniWr the.
hundredjnilea iiv tin* northeast, atjd '. • 'ftirtiefo. artnurf , fe^ralurtf ! '«if |®HWrt%.., f tbe nuuiitfitttuteffk vtbe
■wOtiHrest conrw across^ the whole th^iiil!8t<tttpo^lisOlt!^ Stafe‘'»^- miw^liwdipdee^jdllthe proddctiOg
Slate, tliiJ iTltCftyyiCW^yiK.en g^ ! from' forty-eight decree* WlWft/ C as&^pf ii# people.so that, every sulphur for that brought £fom Sicily,
,found in paying quantities, aud many eight iiigW*. *' 1 :* k '’ in Jl ’c!sw of .people now realixw the tp largely qqed ig. the making of our
. fstanip mills have been ermirdftiHiit •' 8t! Micry*S, of Ith^IbHU ilr dtpity,tUf p^sent and future.!bent** -- ‘ ' * ' l “ 5
Alabama and Mississippi, have been | tlq. ^u«t throe years, ^ Hundreds of v .sixty eight degrees mein annual tern- fi'* to be slenr«*l from tin; survey,
constituted, there leKaihs to het an j mountain streams running down from perature; Savannah, slaty six degrees;
[Oorr>i»poi.d*neeof tbeDttroit
AtU^TA.Ga.,
Although Genrgia>has given to the
Union, territory twice her present sire, ^ ^ , v
from which her tfoble sister -States, Bjstamp mills have been erected dttritie
amplp territory oL58,<MM>«ummilMykiie Blue' Ridge into tle Cbatta Cufanibus and August^ sTityfnst-
cmbriu-ing ^rej $£^3 limicbc* river,fornish ibnndant water degrees; Athens, sixty degrees; Allan-
latitude, and nearlv a mile ol* elevation | power for runaiiig the machinery lor ta, fifty-six degrees; Dahlonega, fifty-
two degrees; Hiwassee, fott?eight
. 7 TT/iV/ o.TiT;
in her n^>untaiu peaks above tlw level poumliug ihe quarts ores and wash.
0< ''M wd^. .1 II
TUK MOCSTAIS CHA IN TUK CHATTaMOOCUBK. Trt
FTtrnij^p'ftrm Yirgittia in* rnuth-
termiuates near CartersVille, lorty
miles from Attyplp, a^d -iijktws ( the
passage of the State Railroad, which
forms the connecting rail-link between
the waters of the Tennessee and those
of the Atlantic step*. aflh^Httg il frflb 1
outlet from the granaries of the West
to the cotton plantations of the South.
At the capital of the State, this rail
road crosses the great through line
from New York • to New Orleans,
represented by the Air Line ami the
WeBt 1’oiut Railroad, w \ « f (S
KO1.TII ugoboia. **'
AH that portion of the State north
if these roads is known as North
Georgia, and abu«**j|£4ipwi&
Near Chattanooga Ini 175 square
miles of bituminous coal, which fnr-
nis7.es abundant fuel lor household
use as well as excellent coke, cqnal to
that of Pennsylvania, for smelting the
rich lbssiliferous iron ores which
appear at the surface for 100 miles in
extent. Alongside of this coal and
iron, is found the limestone from
whi.-h the best quality of lime is
burned, in kilns at Catoosa and
Kingston, along the Western & At
lantic Railroad and the magnesian
limestone from which are made an
alkaline fertilizer and a first-class
hydraulic cement.
MINERALS.
Continuing southward, wc find in
Bartow county large bed* of barytes,
used so generally for mixing with
CilATTAHOOCllEK.
This river flows Hnxn the northeast
cortfiiki Vt the southwesterly, manufacturing ’facilities, no" ebut
passiiig eight ndWifiSrlh of Atlanta, caiV excel this, lu^ agricultural ]
v Io mineral resources, do Slate has •'
grei^fcr variety ’ or t|bundai! ce. In
and is abounded south by a ridge of
ihc same name, on which Piedmont
Air Line Railroad ruus, descending
from Ml. Ajry, sixteen hundred feet
hi beight, to -West Point, where at
'ibix Mndfed feet ahov6 .the sea level
the river cuts its way through and
turns southward to the Gulf.ot Mexico.
MIOPLB fJEOBGIA.
From the Chattahoochee Ridge, to
the bolder of the Metaniotphic rocks,
which terminate on a line drawn from
Columbus, through Macon and Mil-
ledgeville to Augusta, is the section
known as Middle Georgia—the most
and, copper sbqU Jp jMjie into raaehio
fVl ^ H»w*«
in tnanufactnijng ef our. cotton
fftuiH :#*»&# ^* tive
tom
Sputh, ^ed .wben,9qy immemei^ieds ;of
tos sXAxa ixniBiT
marls,wo«b, «a?drjnd ptot*. and
the statistkp cl’mimr.id.-waters, bealtl.
resorts, water poverty, which are ex
hibited in ,thi- spacieuB. rooms- -of
the ^rjntr»l, a»d the maps of tbe S^ate
the different Amities not only do
alaintr CT^drt to Mr 'rtSeorge Little, Stole
agricultural proi Geologist, Latto the whole people of
ducts, no waul is misapplied. Georgia. Two -hundred and twenty
Now, Mr. Editor, you may ask odd dfierent hinds of wood are found
how 1, a Northern man, only resi-i in the Style, and tbq polished.and
dent , a tew years in Atlanta, cati 5 iC L:L! ‘-' 1
assert so p9ssitively wliat are the
resources aiid Capacities of a State no
large as this. 1 ’ 7-
PERSONAL OBSERVATION. *'
In reply, I say that I have seen
with my own eyes every one of theue
ores and minerals and many more not
alluded to, although they exist iu
considerable quantities, such as cor
undum, from which our ciuery wheels
are hiade, and which has—he foi e the
hickjy. settled awl deniable Pied- Turkish war—been imported from
-«* uU Til I —M>S ' ' *1 ' V 1 £ X a mtAA — 1 ^
mont region,"watered by a hundred
streams of free stone water, which cut
their way through the parallel bands
of harder rocks, granites, and gneis
ses, affording a thousand sites for
mills, a« they descend seven hundred
niH'-s, on an average of . ten ieet fall
to the mile, and making, when they
pass from the hard granite rocks into
the sand and limestone, the famous
falls at which cities have been built
and great cotton factories established ;
Columbus having 30,000 horse power
available, and Augusta utilizing now
14,000 in her great canal. In single
counties of this belt of country, as for
instance Clarke county, which has for
its county site Athens, the teat of the
Stale University, there lave been
measured 3,000 horse power, utilizing
each stream only once, whereas there
commercial fertilizers; lyheo.its inex
l haustible marl and muck deposits
shall be folly appreciated abd sought
mamvmiilrubt -after; when our geld mines ahall be
.properly worked and yield bullion (as
they are capable of. doing) sufficient
for the basuof the circulating medium
of tbe whole couauj-^potonly Amer
ica, but Europe will acknowledge the
fact that Georgia if the afbst richest
and most independent State in the
Union. Our own people realize that
the geological survey (but half com
pleted) is the greatest and most ira
poitant work the State qveffostered.
Ufy. W*f. H»,White.
varnished specimens, if exhibited, at
l*hi ladelphki, at our grept Centennial,
would have exceeded any display irom
any Spite iq the Union. Tbe ear^y
{ r.cat-foce piue furnished to tbecollec-
ion from fbe Ceotral Railroad ahopa
at Savanuab, and which the company
uses in panels for their passenger cars,
equals the bird’s-eye maple or even
mahogany in beauty and lustre, aud
a act of furniturq made of it would he
idal chamber of »
while lead in making paint. Here i are often a dozen good localities on a
also we find the manganese, which
furnishes the material from which
bh-acliing preparations are made, aud
which enters into the Spiegel iron
and the Bessemer steel. On the
same sections of land are inexhausti
ble beds of brown hematite iron ores,
which have occasioned the erection
o! several furnaces in this section, and
th.- traveler may s -e the great stacks
of pig iron piled up along side the
Good samlst- tie for furnace
ln-a tl-s is found near by, a* well as
soapstone for lining furnaces, slate
qua lied for roofing and beds of
sh-sios from which the fire proof
i-, n!iiio is made, which is used so
extensively in our larger cities. Beds
of marble are loan 1 also in this
s< o ion, of varii ms colo'r ami suserp-
tit» >.• of a line polish, embracing the
p.ie white, the red, the va legate 1
and i lie jet black ; very mini roil- and
i-x- • • i»—ix o deposits id eepp.-r pyrites
ha\>• laie’y been discover, i not far
fr-.;n vue railroad, and o .iy await
capital tor the erection of smelting
wo.-.,s, to yield go.»d returns, better
tli i-i those from the Diicklown Mines
of f-messce. Gr-ai qnmtities of
the pi rest iron pyrites can also be
uh ahiJ-l t->r the maniit.ioturc of snl-
phm ic acids, at a cheap rate, and ihis
is wail known to be the foundation
single
main.
SOUTH GEORGIA.
The country smith of the Augusta,
Macmi & Columbus Railroad is known
as South Georgia and is more level
than the other sections, falling oft*
gradually from r.n elevation of 500
feel down to the seaboard. Here
are found the* immense Joorests ol
yellow ]»ino—know n as Georgia pine
h the markets of the world, and of
t.vliicli 300,000.000 feet are annually
exported. In these open pine forests
llu- native wire grass covers the soil
with an almost endless carpet of
green, and affords pasturage- lor herds
of cattle and she*ep almost the entire
year.
In this section ate beds of excellent
btirrsii.m* lor mill-rocks, and inex
haustible beds of marl, which, in
some plaices, are genuine green sands,
and cot-lain as high as throe per cent,
of potash, so valuable as a f. rt fixer,
and this exists in ln-ds trout three -o
twenty feet in thickness
THE GEOLOUICAI. APPEARANCE.
Thus we see that in the three sec
tions of the State the alternations
granite, limestone, clays and
stones, which in the melau-orphic
the Ides of Greece; mica, which Ire
see in the stoves like glass windows,
and which the Russians use tor win-
dow panes ; ccrpcntine, that we snlw
stitute for marble in our table tops
and t mantels.
Chromic iron ore, from which wc
make the chrome green and chrotne
yellow paints. Rutile, that gives the
flesh-like, nainial color to the artili'
cial teeth which our dentists value so
highly. Opal and beryl and amethyst !
and ruby, which our jewelers make
us pay so high a price for in finger
and eat-rings, and cutl* buttons and
“hirt studs. Diamonds, that adorn
our aristocratic beauties. AH these
may be seen and should be seen by
every traveler who passes through
Atlanta from the North to enjoy our
invigorating atmosphere and the
balmy breezes and luscious oranges
of Florida. They aie found in the
State Capitol iu the Geological Muse
um. For tony years this grand
commonwealth lias waited for the
touch of the magic wand ot science
to reveal its hidden wealtli
THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY.
In 1*74 one of the young men who
had followed Lee and Jackson
through tour years of fierce and
hh-ody strife, and. returned home,
convinced that the future of the
States was in t : e intelligent us oi
the gins which nature had bestowed
s-> liberally on his own Slate, intro
duced into tin- Legislaime, of which
lie w*as a member, a bill to establish
a inineralogical, geological and physi
cal survey of Georgia. In Irs. than
, ; ‘” ’ <^<ty Council.. ’
‘ •’ Council Chamber,
Athens, Ga , Feb.- 4. 1873
. ’ . 4 o’clock p, m.
The legulqr monthly meeting of
Council was held this evening, present
His Honor, Mayor Rucker aud aider-
man Hamnton, Talmadge, Kemp,
Lnca<t, .Carlton and Hodgson.
The minutes of tjae, few last
abound in p v .H
streams that will furnish power to turn
the lathes for making furniture of the
finest quality. On the Etowah River
is one, near Cartersville, estimated at
1,835 horse power; on the C-hattahoo-
hee, within a mile of the Western &
Atlantic Railroad, is another, measur
ed at 1.944 horse power, in counties
from which I have seen fifty difierent
kinds of wood suited for every pur
pose.
cartersville.
Is one of a trio ofyouugcities,«f which
the future growth and wealth is not a
matter of doubt Within ten miles of
it arc five furnaces for minufacturing
pig-iron, and one for ferro-manganese,
worth even in these times of depression,
8150 a ton, and within this radius I
have seen at least a dozen fine beds of
rich iron ore, which have been thor
oughly tested.
dalton.
Is a railroad center only fotty miles
distant, and near it is a bed of iron
ore, which in exteut, according to the
great Eti^lish iron-master, Sir J.
Lowtiiiau Bell, is exceeded by only
ono in the k"own wurhl, that of Bil-
bou, in S|uiin.
ItoStK.
At the junction of two rivers, one the j
Oo-tamuila, front near Dalton, and the
other the Etiwah, from near Carters
ville (both of which are now lieing
cleared of obstructions by the United
States Government, as \-.ell as the
Coosa, which receive- the xvaiers of
both), is a ! so a railroad center, and
j lieing the nearest market to the forint
four Vi-ars the result lias been mar
Vclous, and the name of Henry 11.
Carlton, ol Alliens, will go down to
posterity as the father of the geologi
cal Mir icy of Georgia. This survey
was placed, after long deliberation
ami careful inquiry bv Gov. Jas M.
Smith, iu the hands o. a gentleman
who by natural ability, thorough
scientific education iu this country
and to Euiope, and indoitiitalne
ces at Ceder town and Prior’s Station
and Ridge Valley and Cornwall and
R-d Mointain, as well as the natural
market for the rich alluvial lands,
extending tor twenty miles on both
sides, must some day rival its old
namesake in Italy.
- the good time coking
When these lands, and the millions
of acres lying idle over the State for
want ot intelligent reliable 1 ilmr shall
e.cigy, united with a skill an-t tint be cultivated us are the lands of
wee
Of W. L. Jones aud W. J. \ orton,
agent asking the Conned to allow
them to move . their fences on the
South side of Broad street, between
Lumpkin street and Hull street, out
on a line with the north fence of John
White ^on Broad street, referred to
Stieet Committee to investigate and
report back to Council.
Of a large number of citizens, stat
ing that the.Guano Depot at the
Northeastern Railroad has become a
very offensive nuisance, they asked tl ,e oxten-ton
the Council to abate the nuisance, by
its removal beyond the city limits or,
other.uisc, Mr. Edwards, the Super-
intetidant of the Railrpnd desiring to
appear ^before the Council with a
counter petition, and represent the
interest of the Railroad iu the matter,
the Council deterred action until next
meeting.
Alderman Hodgson, Chairman of
Committee on printing, made a verbal
report stating th.-u the Committee
having received the lowest hid from
the Southern Banner to do a
specified amount of work, deemed it
be*t-, in view of the d« lay that would
he caused by waiting until the regu-
r meeting of Council, to close the
contract with that paper, which they
did.
On no tion of alderman Hampton,
the action of the Committee was
approved and the contract confirmed.
The Street Committee asked for
further lime iu regind to removal o!
tree fronting Episcopal parsonage,
grant--<l. «l
The monthly reports of the Treas
urer, Ci-ief.-t Poii -c. Lamplighter and
CJe'k ol M ikoi were read am] re
ci ived.
Petition ..f Y L. G. Harris and S.
P Tii-irinoiid for lamp po.-l to lie
placed at Southwest corner of Dr. W.
i . Join-’ lot, was ivlerrcd to Mayor
with power to act.
Mr, E K. Lump-io, appeared be-
fore the Co ueil aud stated, that, in
: ccordauee with the request ot Conn
line i]nd the ooe run by Prof. Ruth-;
erford’s, he preferred to defer his
report to .the Council until he- ami 1
Profi Rutherford cool 1 test their
linen together and settle the differ*,t
ence, In-tween them. The Council
•*ignifo*4«» ap|*r«»vjil of tho : actioaT
projHtsed l»y Mr. Lumpkin.
Ou motion of alderman Lucas, the
Street Committee were instructed to
puta crossing on Hull street, near/
Mr, Man-b-villn’s, ami to have such
work done ou the side walk at that
place as will make it passible.
Alderman Carlton, stated, that »
large -number of cilixms residing
S »uth of the lanyard branch urgent-,
ly petitioned Council to make a side
walk on Lumpkin street, commencing
at the Northeast corner of Mr. E. L.
Newton’s laud, and running South
across the branch, up to lot owned
liy Mr. B'ooiijfieldj ho stated that
Mr. Newtoi, fad agreed to give suffi
cient ground uioitg his line to make.,
the walk, provided the Council would
move his fence hack. He stales fur
ther that 7ur. Brittain proposed to
assist the city with his hands, to
more the fence and grade the walk.
On motion of alderman Talmadge,
the matter was referred to tho Street
Committee with power to act.
The Mayor stated that Mr. T. G.
Barrett had requested him t • ask the
Council to take s-*tne action on hi*
demand against the city for damages,
Bt utmsteqafcnbfl^of
:r - —...—£
claimed four-] Undriid3aE&i ! a»n.agar' ^
including the sum of $250 the amount
agreed upon by himself and tho
Committee ofCouncil for lot.
Thu following resolution was adop
ted in regard to the matter.
Resolved, that the Council regardt
the amount agreed upon by Mr.
Barrett and the Committee of Conn-,
oil viz: 8250 as full an 1 ample com
pensation to Mr. Barrett for damages
sustained by him in consequence of
>f College Avenue
through his land.
Resolved, further, that should Mr.
Barrett decline to receive this amount
in lull settlement of 1 is claim, then
the Council proposes to leave to
three disinterested parties to assess
the damages, one to he chosen by the
Council, one by Mr. Barret aud ono
by the two parties chosen
The special committee appointed
to investigate the application of
Steven Gaines and others, for a por
tion of the sell ol fund appropriated
annually hv the Council for the bene
fit of the colored children, made a
verbal report, stating, that, up--n in
vestigation tin* Committee thought
it best, to refer tin- whole matter hank
to Council and let the parties inter-*
e-ted appear before the Council in per
son and pres-nt their claims
Madison D ivis, representing ihc
Knox Institute and Steven Gaines
representing the school taught at the
A. M. E. Church being pre-ent
pre euled the claims ot tho two
schools.
The following resolution was then
adopted in regard to the matter
Resolved, that the amount due -he
Colored pen)lie this year fin school
purpose-, lv*ing too small t > divide,
and the Iviiox school having hereto
fore received ilii- fund nrd apn--»pri-
alrs it acceptihlv t.» Council, it is
ordered that the Tr vimr-r piv over
to the Trustee- -•} Kll'-X Tu-lituo. ' ! e
annum' dn i In- e -h-i-e ! people fr.-m
»f
middle belt are frequently ernAxial by • r.iu-ly uu t with, was q-iaiinol mfixer | i’eunsylvauia. New A r ork and Miehi- i cit he h ui ma-te a re mrvey ->r his
dykesbf eruptive ns-ks rich in ir<
and potash, given vaiie'y and excel
s.iie.y tlno'igli .lie polititical breakers gan. and the raiue Improved tools used. • line cstab isliin » t!ie tiiy limiis. but
ot »cout».ny ami ic.oini, amt luo and wi.eu our otvu iron, umnjiai.e e ;u lh«-ir w.i- stnl a differen<-u ui hs
tax s of 1877. paid on aceonn
College B -ml-.
•Tile folio ving b |ls vv.-re or-'
to he p'li 1 on ainn-ov-il of p.
Comudtfec.s
lleurv II 83 ; .1 5 1 Hn-roT
80 ; J. C. Wilxins. 825 Cm; N
eastern U i'r - d. £11 25, !
Fiiiku y 8*53; Ai' e - G;l- '
Co-npani. ' (>2 5 iv i tft e.-nt-
Coanei' !j«».»t*'ic 1
W. A. Gii.i.i.l; vn, C.
