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II
SOME SANITARY ASPECTS OF BREAD
• MAKING.
BY CYHUS EDSON, if. D.,
Hoalth Commissioner, New York City.
It is necessary, if one would under
stand the sanitary aspects of bread
making, to fully comprehend the pres
ent theory held by scientists of germs
and the part played by them in disease.
The theory of disease germs is merely
tho name given to the knowledge had
of those germs by medical men, a knowl
edge which is the result of innumera
ble experiments. Being this, the old
term of a “theory” has become a mis
nomer. A germ of a disease is a plant,
so small that I do not know how to ex
press intelligibly to the general reader
its lack of size. When this germ is in
troduced into the blood or tissues of
the body, its action appears to be an
alogous to that which takes place when
yeast is added to dough. It attacks
certain elements of the blood or tissues,
and destroys them, at the same time
producing new substances.
ten. It has, then, the chance of col
lecting disease germs during this pro
cess of raising and it has two periods
of working down or kneading during
each of which it may gather the dirt
containing the germs from the baker
hands. As no bread save that raised
with yeast, goes through this long
process of raising and kneading so no
bread save that raised with yeast has
so good a chance of gathering germs.
W hat is meant by “raising” bread
is worth a few words. The introduc
tiou of the yeast into the moist dough
and the addition of heat when the pan
is placed near the tire produces an
enormous growth of the yeast fungi—
the yeast “germ,” in other words.
These fungi effect a destructive for
mentation of a portion of the starchy
m itter of the flour—one of the most
valuable nutrient elem cuts in the flour.
The fermentation produces carbonic
acid gas, and this, having its origin in
every little particle of the starch
which is itself every where in the flour,
pushes aside the particles of the dong
to give itself room. This is what is
“disease gebms found their way into the yeast bread.”
But the germs of tho greater part of
the germ diseases, that is, of the infec
tious and contagious diseases, will de
velop or increase in number without
being in the body of a human being,
provided always you give them the
proper conditions. These conditions
are to bo found in dough which is be
ing raised with yeast. They are
warmth, moisture and the organic
matter of tho flour on which the germs,
after certain changes, feed.
It is necessary to remember at this
point that yeast is germ growth, and
when introduced into a mixture of glu
cose or starch, in the presence of
warmth and moisture sets up a fer
mentation. If the mixture be a starchy
dough the yeast first changes a portion
of the starch into glucose and then de
composes tho glucose by changing it
into two now substances, viz., carbonic
acid gas and alcohol.
Now the glutton, which is also a con
stituent of dough and moist starch,
affords, with the latter, an excellent
nidus for the development of germs of
disease as well as for the yeast germs.
The gprms of cholera, as of typhoid
fovor, would, if introduced into dough,
find very favorable conditions for their
growth.
I do pot wish to “pose” as an alarm
ist, nor am I willing to say there is
very much chance of the germs of
typhus and of cholera reaching the
stomachs of the people who eat bread
which has been raised with yeast. But
I have not the slightest cause to doubt
that other diseases have been and will
be carried about in the bread.
I have met journeymen bakers, suf
fering from outaneous diseases, work
ing the dough iu the bread trough
with naked hands and arms. I have
no reason to supposo bakers are less
liable to cutaneous diseases than any
other men, and I know, as every house
wife knows, yeast-raised bread must be
worked a long time. This is an ex
ceedingly objectionable thing from the
standpoint of a physician for the
reason that the germs of disease which
are in the air and dust and on stair
ways and straps in street cars, are
most often collected on the hands.
Any person * who has ever kneaded
dough understands tho way in which
the dough cleans the hands. This
means that any germs which may have
found a lodging place on the hands of
the baker before he makes up his
batch of bread are sure to find their
way into the dough, and once there, to
find all tho conditions necessary for
subdivision and growth. This is
equivalent to saying that we must rely
on heat to kill these germs, because it
called “raising the bread.”
It needs but a glance to see that it
is, in its effects on the dough, purely
mechanical. The dough, which was
before a close-grained mass, is now
full of little holes, and when cooked
in this condition is what we ordinarily
call light. This porous quality of
bread enables the stomach to rapidly
and easily digest it, for the gastric
juices quickly soak into and attack it
from all sides. The fermentation of
the dough, however, uses up a portion
of the nutrient elements of the loaf.
If it bo possible, therefore, to produce
a light porous loaf without this de
struction and without the “kneading”
process, which fills the dough with
germs and filth, and without the long
period during which the raising pro
cess goes on, the gain in food and the
gain iu the avoidance of the germs is
exceedingly plain.
But while we can easily see the
dangers which attend the use of yeast
it is certain that the vesiculating effect
produced by it on the dough is to the
last degree perfect. It is apparent
that if we are to substitute any other
system of bread making we must have
one which will give us, first, mechanical
results equally as good, that is, that
will produce minute bubbles ol
carbonic acid gas throughout the mass
of dough. Now it is in no way diffi
cult to produce carbonic acid gas
chemically, but when we are workin
at bread we must use such chemicals
as are perfectly healthful. Fortunately
these are not hard to find.
The evils which attend the yeast-
made bread are obviated by the use of
a properly made, pure and wholesome
baking powder in lieu of yeast. Bak-
ing powders are composed of an aoid
and an alkali which, if properly com
bined, should when they unite at once
destroy themselves and produce car
bonic acid gas. A good baking pow
der does its work while the loaf is in
the oven, and having done it, disap
pears.
But care is imperative in selecting
the brand of baking powder to be cer
tain that it is composed of non-injuri-
ous chemicals. Powders containing
alum or those which are compounded
from impure ingredients, or those
which are not combined in proper pro
portion or carefully mixed and which
will leave either an acid or an alkali iu
the bread, must not be used.
It is well to sound a note of warning
iu this direction or the change from
the objectionable yeast to an impure
baking powder will be a case of jump
ing from the frying pan into the tiae.
The best baking powder made is,, as
BREAD WITHOUT YEAST—“THE MOST PERFECT OF ATiTj CONCEIVABLE WAYS OF RATS
TOG IT.”
K
is almost certain that they will be
there. Now, underdone or doughs-
bread is a form which every man and
woman has seen.
It is a belief as old as the hills that
underdone bread is unhealthful. This
reputation has been earned for it by
the experience of countless genera
tions, and no careful mother will wish
her children to eat bread that has not
been thoroughly cooked. The reason
given for this recognized unhealthful-
ness has been that the uncooked yeast
dough is very difficult to digest. No
one but a physiciau would be apt to
thiuk of disease germs which have not
been killed during the process of bak
ing as a cause of the sickness following
the use of uncooked yeast bread. Yet
this result from this cause is more than
probable. I have not the slightest
doubt that could we trace back some
of the cases of illness which we meet
in our practice we would fiud that
germs collected by the baker have
found their way into the yeast bread,
that the heat has not been sufficient to
destroy them, that the uncooked yeast
bread has been eaten and with it the
colonies of germs, that they have
found their way into the blood and
that the call for oar services which
followed, has rounded off this sequence
f events.
I Lave already pointed out that the
germsf of disease are to be found in the
air and dust. The longer any sub
stance to be eaten is exposed to the air,
the greater the chance that germs will
be deposited on it. Bread raised with
yeast is worked down or kneaded twice
shown by analysis, the “Royal.” It
contains absolutely nothing but cream
of tartar and soda, refined to a chem
ical purity, which when combined un
der the influence of heat an l moisture
produce carbonic acid gas, an 1 having
done this, disappear. Its leavening
strength lias been found superior to
other baking powders, and as far as I
know, it is the only powder which will
raise largo bread perfectly. Its use
avoids the long period during which
the yeast made dough must stand in
order that the starch may ferment and
there is also no kneading necessary.
The two materials used in the Royal,
cream of tartar and soda, are perfectly
harmless, even when eaten.. But they
are combined in exact compensating
weights, so: that when chemical action
begins between them they practically
disappear, the substance of both hav
ing been taken,up to form the carbon
ic acid gas. More than this, the
proper method of using the powder
insures ths most thorough mixing
with the-flour' The proper quantity
being taken, it is mixed with the flour
and stirred around in it. The mix
ture is then sifted several times and
this insures that iu every part of the
flour there shall bo a few particles of
the powder. The salt and milk or wa
ter being.added, the'dough is made up
as quickly as possitjj.ff. and moulded
into the loaves.
These are placed in the oven and
baked. But the very moment the
warmth and moisture attack the mix
ture of cream of tartar and soda, these
two ingredients chemically combine
seen at a glance, the bread is raised
during the time it is baking in the
oven, and this is the most perfect of
all couceivablo methods of raising it.
Here, then, there is no chance for
germs of disease to get into the dough
and thence into the stomach, more
than that the bread is necessarily as
sweet as possible, there", having been
no time during which it could sour.
This involves the fact that the bread
so made will keep longer, as it is less
likely to be contaminated by the germs
that affect the souring process.
It will be strange if the crowds of
visitors to the World’s Fair do not
greatly increase the number of con
tagions diseases, which we will have to
treat. Under these circumstances is
it not folly of follies to open a single
channel through which these germs
may reach us? Is it uot the part of
wisdom to watch with the greatest care
all that we eat ani driuk, and to see
that none but the safest and best meth
ods are employed in the preparation
of our food? To me it seems as
though there could be but one answer
to questions like these.
I have shown the danger of using
the yeast raised bread, anl with this I
have shown how that danger may be
avoided. The ounce of prevention
which in this case is neither difficult
nor expensive is certainly worth mauy
pounds of care, and the best thing
about it is that it may be relie l on al
most absolutely. Those who eat bread
or biscuits or rolls made at home with
Royal baking powder may be sure they
have absolutely stopped one channel
through which disease may reach
them.
Note.—Housekeepers desiring informa
tion in regard to tin prep ir.atioa of the bread
which, for sanitary reasons, Dr. Elsoa so
strongly urges for general use, should write
to the Royal Baking Powier Cempaay, New
York..
IIow to Dress the Baby.
A baby should be warmly dressed
but not encumbered with clothing.
When it perspires freely it is too warm
and is likely to take cold if the air
happens to'be colder than usual or it
is exposed to a draught. On the other
hand a great deal of vitality is wast
ed in the efforts of nature to keep the
body warm if it is not protected with
clothing. A young baby should have
a band long enough to go twice around
it. Be very careful not to put it on
too tight and fasten it with small safe
ty pins. On this put a long-sleeved
cashmere shirt buttoned all tne way
down the front. No one who has used
an open shirt will • ever return-to the
old-fashioned kind that have to be
put on over the head. Next, comes
along a flannel petticoat, or pinning
blanket sewed to a cotton waist, and
over that a loose white slip. ...
A knitted blanket, or an embroider
ed cashmere one can be wrapped afblind
the baby unless the- weather 'iB very
warm. • ” ' •*' •'
It is always safe to use one .when it'
is carried from-one room to another to
protect .the head from draughts. Little
knitted socks keep the feet warm and
add much to its comfort. Do not be
afraid of fresh air. Open the window
and provide artificial heat sufficient to
keep the room at a temperature of '68
dagrees. Do not let the air blow di
rectly upon the child ; a screen placed
near the window or h strip of flannel
pinned in front of the opening, will
prevent this. . .Take the baby into the
open aijr every pleasant day, putting
on sufficient clothing to keep it warm.
Do not trust it in a baby carriage
with a yonng girl whose carelessness
might injure it for life. Always dress
and undress a young baby by an open
fire. If it cries during the day, unpin
ning its foot blanket and warming its
feet will sometimes quiet it.—Home
■Journal.
Starcli Versus Heat.
There is a warm place in the hearts
of his fellow Americans for any states
man who shall secure the adoption of
a permanent internal revenne tax of
say $10 a pound on starch in nil forms
not edible. A device of this sort has
driven the Louisiana lottery out of
business, and it is an open question
whether starch as used in clothing, at
least menls clothing, is not a more
subtle, pervading and pernicious evil
than lottery tickets. From an .‘esthetic
point of view it is, of course, a cardi
nal sin for which no penance is in this
life adequate. From the moralist’s
point of view the offense is nearly as
great, for tho sum of wickedness, su
perinduced by starched linen through
the irritation of the nerves when the
linen is stiff and the utter loss of self
respect and self control when the linen
broken down” by the infernal heats
of our inexcusable climate, is not easi
ly calculated.
Add to this the proved hygienic ills
due to clothing, the human form, and
especially the important organs of the
thorax and the sensative nerves in the
region of the neck, in fabrics that al
ternate between rigidty and pulpy
humidity, and the inherent nnworthi-
ness of starch for the use of intelligent
human beings is established.— Har
per's Weekly.
Faulty Teaching.
When one talks or writes about
working butter till all the butter milk
is out, it may be set down that such a
person is not correct either in the
theory or practice of butter making.
This is perhaps a hard thing to say
when it is known that not only editors
but instructors in dairy schools use
such expressions.
The editor of the dairy department
of an agricultural jiuper, who is also
instructor in the dairy school of an
agricultural college, recently in an ed
itorial on working butter used the fol
lowing expression: “The salt must
be worked in evenly and thojpughlv
and the bnttermilk worked; oqf 4 as
much as possible,'and yet.the working
must be discontinued at just"the right
time or the grain is injured.”
The above may soupd well to a per
son not having a practical knowledge
of butter making but to the.'iffitisted
there are certain ear-marks •' that give
the waiter • away. Will at this time
refer to but one" of them. All- the but
termilk should be washed out of the
butter while the latter is in the gran
ular state. We say all and we mean
all absolutely. Therefore when an in
structor in a dairy school or any one
else talks or writes about working it
out, it shows faulty'thfeqry, and as a
result faulty practice must be in
ferred.
SOUTHERN HEWS ITEMS.
The Ml ol Her Progress and Pros
perity Briefly NotetL
Happenings of Interest Portrayed in
Pithy Paragraphs.
before being baked and this process ' and carbonic acid or leavening gas is
may take anywhere from four hours to j evolved. The consequence may be
A Talented Agent.
Mrs. Home-Seeker—“You certainly
don’t expect anybody to take this
house? Why, it sags terribly. The
floors all rurr down-hill.”
Agent (a smart man)—“It was built
that way on purpose, mnm, to keep
peace in the family. Greatest inven
tion of the age, mum.”
Mrs. Home-Seeker—“Keep peace in
the family?”
Agent—“Yes, mnm—nothing like
it. Whenever yonr husband drops his
collar buttons,he’ll always know where
to find ’em.—New York Weekly.
Dr. Hutton, the surgeon in charge
of the United States hospital at De
troit, Mich., has been ordered by the
government to go to Brunswick as a
yellow fever expert.
A case of cholera has occurred in
the military camp at Bueh, Austria,
twenty-five miles from Vienna. The
patient has been isolated and every
precaution taken to prevent the spread
of the disease.
Chicago banks received $625,000 in
gold Wednesday on import engage
ments, and the yellow metal will con
tinue to arrive as long as New York
sells at a discount which will permit
of the movement.
The Union National bank, of Ra
cine, Wis., closed its doors Wednesday
morning. The capital is $150,000,
and the total resources $892,000. The
Commercial and Savings bank has
posted a thirty days’ notice.
At a joint meeting of the board of
health and city council of Brnnswick
Tuesday night, the examining experts
into the case of Surgeon John W.
Branham pronounced his disease yel
low fever, with two doctors voting in
the minority.
A dispatch of Wednesday from Lim-
berg, capital of Austrian Galicia, states
that cholera is spreading in the town
of Nadjerna and Snictyn. Within the
past forty-eight hours there were twen
ty-four new cases of the disease and
eleven deaths reported.
Fire at Boynton, Va., Tuesday morn
ing, consumed Brown’s wagon factory
and a number of business houses and
residences and injuring others, inflict
ing a total loss of more than $20,000.
The fire is supposed to have been of
incendiary origin.
A special of Tuesday from Pensaco
la, Fla., says: This is the eighth day
since the death of little Ellen Wood
and at six o’clock this evening the us
ual report given is posted by the
board of health—No new cases. The
people are expecting an early end of
our trouble.
The Virginia Farmers’ Alliance met
at Richmond Tuesday, in the hall of
the house of delegates, President Page
in the chair. Fifty-two out of one
hundred counties were represented.
The president read his address which
was received with applause. A lengthy
series of resolutions was presented and
adopted.
The store of W. J. Dyer A Brothers,
dealers in musical instruments, at St.
Paul, Minn., ^was burned Wednesday
night. Michael Clonan, a fireman, was
overcome by smoke while fighting the
fire on the fifth floor and jumped to
the ground. He was horribly mangled
and died shortly afterwards. Several
other firemen were injured. The loss
is about $100,000.
An institution opened at Birming
ham, Ala., Tuesday, being held by the
prominent negroes of Alabama and
other southern states. There were
several prominent leading negro di
vines from other stateB in attendance,
The remainder of the week will be
devoted to the discussion of such as
“The race question,” “The negro and
his destiny,” “Africa and its future.”
A special cablegram of Wednesday
from London to a Washington paper
says: Government dispatches say that
Bombay is in possession of a mob
Troops are powerless. Every mosque
has been destroyed, and many persons
have been massacred. Europeans are
panic-stricken. Troops are now pro
tecting only public buildings. The
governor has appealed for help, ask
ing for instructions.
A special from Montgomery, Ala,
says: The city is quiet, the people
accepting the situation calmly. Tues
day the banks began the issue of cer
tificates, which are being accepted in
all lines of trade as cash. The propo
sition to turn over the assets of Josiah
Morris & Co., to F. M. Billings
meeting with favor in all quarters,
and it is probable this action will be
agreed upon at the meeting of the de
positors.
The schooner Bettie, M. LiBter cap
tain, from Charleston, was detained at
the Philadelphia quarantine station
Wednesday evening with threo cases
of suspected yellow fever on board.
The sick seamen were taken to the hos
pital at the lazaretto, where one of
them was found to be suffering from a
well developed case of the dreaded dis
ease, while the others are suspects and
show symptoms of the early stages of
the fever.
A large and enthusiastic meeting of
the poard of trade of Columbus, Ga.,
was held Tuesday afternoon to consid
er the financial situation. Resolutions
were adopted urging Georgia’s senators
and representatives to work for the un
conditional repeal of the Sherman law:
also requesting the Columbus Clearing
House Association to issue certificates
and approving the action of the cotton
mills of the city in issuing certificates
to be taken in payment of debts for
the next sixty days.
The intimation comes from Colum.
bia, S. C., that ten dispensaries must
be established in Charleston, and the
process of getting up the names has
been very much simplified. There are
about two hundred well-known free
holders in the city who will sign their
names to almost any petition that is
presented to them. These form the
nucleus. The petitioner then hands
his list to a colored lawyer, who is an
.expert in the business, and he fills it
up to the required number, 751, by
copying down the names of colored
freeholders off the tax books.
A fight took place Wednesday be
tween railroad laborers of the New
York and New Haven and the electric
railroads of Northampton, Mass., over
«-right-of* way. . Twenty persons were
injured, two. receiving bnllet wounds,
bnt no fatal results are feared. Hos
tilities were stopped by the authori
ties after the, electric road succeeded
in obtuining an injunction against the
New York and New Haven Company.
THE HEWS IH GEHEEAL.
Condensed from Onr Most Important
Telegraphic Advices
And Presented in Pointed and Reada
ble Paragraphs.
Superintendent Sanborn, of the New
Y'ork and New Haven, was arrested,
but wis shortly afterward released on
bail.
Decreased Government Receipts.
A Washington Special of Tuesday
says: The continued business depres
sion is felt nowhere more sensibly than
by the government. Its revenues rise
and fall in touch with business. So
far this month its receipts are $3;000,-
900 less than last month and during
the past three days the failing off has
been very heavy. Business men are
taking out of bonded warehouses as
few goods as possible, while import
ers have not only curtailed their im
ports but are taking advantage of all
the delay possible in paying custom
duties.
Reports from the Texas cotton belt
are favorable for a heavy yield. The
first picking will be delayed by rains
in some localities. Planters say the
fiber is equal to the best ever raised,
and factors are preparing to handle a
large yield.
A Key West, Fla., special says: Cap
tain J. W. Jones, of the British bark
Antilla, died at Port Tortngas quaran
tine station of yellow fever, August 11.
The two mates have had yellow fever
and the crew is of negroes, hence no
further eases are expected.
Brunswick’s city council met in regu
lar session Wednesday night and
brought up the fever subject. Mayor
Lamb gave notice to suspend Drs.
Dunwoody and Branham for derelic
tion of duty. The report was received
and the physicians will be notified.
The Cole Manufacturing Company
of Memphis,Tenn., on Wednesday filed
an application in chancery, asking
that a receiver be appointed to take
charge'of the personal property of
W. O. Collier, president of The Mem
phis Appeal Avalanche Company,
and his associates in business.
The Coatsworth elevator at Buffalo,
N. Y., having a capacity of twelve mil
lion bushels and valued at three-quar
ters of a million dollars, was totally
destroyed by fire Tuesday morning.
About a dozen frame structures,mostly
saloons and dwellings, were also
burned. The total loss is $800,000.
A Danville, Ya., special says: An
awful accident occurred at the county-
line trestle, just east of Milton, on
the Atlantic and Danville railroad,
Wednesday morning at 2 :50 o’clock,
by which two passenger coaches and a
sleeper were precipitated into the
creek below, a distance of sixty feet
and the killing of seven persons out
right and the wounding of a number
of others.
The “rush” of visitors to the World’s
fair for which the officials have been
looking so eagerly appears to have be
gun in earnest. The cheap rates and
numerous excursions of the last few
days are beginning to make a most
satisfactory increase of the gate receipts
and the financial depression that has
been so seriously felt in the World’s
fair circles, seems now to be a thing of
the past.
A Washington dispatch of Tuesday
says: Governor Tillman, of South
Carolina, has applied to the United
States patent office for authority to
use the word “Palmetto” as a trade
mark for South Carolina dispensary
whisky... The patent officers are reti
cent on the subject, arid say that it is
not the proper thing to give out in
formation concerning trade marks un
til they are issued.
A telegram from Brnnswick, Ga.,
says: Drs. Dunwoody and Branham
and O. V. Barkuloo, the nurse, were
placed on board a steamer Wednesday
for the government-quarantine at Sap-
elo, where they will remain until all
danger from their contracting fever
will be passed. All looked well and
reported good health. They were well
disinfected by Dr. Hugh Buford before
leaving the house.
Dr. Horlbeck, city health officer of
Charleston, S, C,, states in regard to
the reported cases of yellow fever on
board the schooner at Philadelphia,
that no ships of any description what
ever had left his port with any sick
ness on board; that there had not
been in Charleston or at any point in
the state any ease of yellow fever or
any case of the slightest suspicion of
yellow fever in the year 1883.
It is reported that the miners at
Corbnrn, Ya., are in a starving condi
tion. A few day ago the mines at that
place shut down, throwing a number
of men out of employment and leaving
them without money to buy transpor
tation to some other town or even to
buy bread. Their condition is pitiable
in the extreme. On the very verge of
starvation, they will steal everything
that will serve as as food for them
selves and their suffering families.
THE HOTEL BURNED
And Fire People Were Killed and a
Jfnuiberdf Others Injured.
A hotel fire at Chicago, resulting in
the death of a number of the guests,
occurred Monday morning. The fire
was in the Senate hotel, a tliree-story
structure on Madison street near Fifth
avenue. One man jumped from a win
dow in the top story and was killed.
About half a dozen others were suffo
cated and burned to death. Loss on
the building and contents is practically
total, but as the structure was old
and the the furnishings cheap the
amount will not exceed a few thousand
dollars. A restaurant occupied the
ground floor and the Senate hotel the
two Upper ones. It contained thirty-
six-rooms and held thirty guests when
the fire broke out shortly after 6
o'clock. The rooms were separated
by flimsy woody partitions and proved
first-class food for fire. The blaze
started in the office on the second floor
and spread so rapidly through the
halls and the upper rooms that it
could be warned the flames had cut off
their escape from the stairway and
they were caught like rats in a trap.
Those killed are Harry Godfrey,
son of J, G. Godfrey, a hardware mer
chant of Little Rock, Ark., burned.
Edward Short, of Chicago, plumber,
burned and jumped from rear window ;
An unkuow woman and two unknown
COHGRESS IH SESSIOH.
The Dally Routine of Both Houses
Briefly Epitomized.
What is Being Done to Allay Finan
cial Depression and Bring Relief.
Eighth Day.—In the Senate, Tues
day, Senator Gordon, of Georgia, in
troduced a bill to suspend for six
months the operation of the law taxing
notes of national 6tate bunks 10 per
eent. He prefaced its reading with a
statement in which he claimed that
the passage of liis bill, if not a pana
cea for existing ills, would stop the
panic in fifteen days. The bill was
referred to the finance committee, Mr.
Yoorhees reported back from that
sommittee the bill introduced by him
Monday to enable national banks to
issue currency to the amount of the
full par value of the bonds
deposited. He expressed the hope
that the bill would now be
taken up and passed practically with
out discussion. He met, however, an
opposing force in Mr. Cockrell, who
objected to immediate consideration
and then proceeded to make an argu
ment against it ns favoring national
banks to the disadvantage of state
banks. Mr. Yoorhees said that as a
single objection caused his bill to. go
over till Wednesday, he would now
give notice that he would call it up
Wednesday and move to put it on its
passage. The Lee Mantle case, in
volving the question of the right of
the governors of states to appoint
senators, under certain circumstances,
was then taken up, and Mr. Hnnton,
of Virginia, addressed the senate in
support of Mantle’s right to the seat.
Ninth Day. —The morning hour in
the senate, Wednesday after the intro
duction of bills, was largely occupied
by a discussion as to the overloading
of the government buildings in Wash
ington with public books and docu
ments, Mr. Vest proposing a remedy
by the passage of a bill appropria
ting $300,000 for a building to
be known as the “Hall of Records.”
A big batch of recess nominations
was sent to the senate. There were
sixty-six names on the list, which is
confined to state and judicial nomina
tions. There are five minister, twelve
constils-general, five secretaries of le
gation, five justices, seventeen district
attorneys, nineteen marshals, two so
licitors, an assistant attorney general
and a Chilian claims minister.
Ninth Day.—After the ordinary
routine of morning business in the
Senate, Thursday, the report on the
Montana senatorial case was taken up,
and argument was made by Mr. Pasco
against the right of Mr. Mantle to hie
seat under the governor’s appoint
ment.
RIOTOUS WORKMEN.
A Mob of Them Demolishes a Building
in New York pity.
A New York special says: The first
of the riots which- labor leaders and
others have been predicting for some
time as a result of the large number
of men ont of employment, occurred
Thursday morning. A crowd of more
than 5,000 attacked Walhalla hall,
on Orchard street, because admittance
was denied them. They smashed the
plate glass windows into atoms,
forced in tho door which- had -been
turned against them and forcibly took
possession of the place. Several per
sons were cut by the flying glass. All
sorts of missiles were used and finally
the police reserves from the Eldridgc
street station were ordered .to. the
scene and succeeded in partly dispers
ing the crowd.
Fifteen or twenty rioters were ar
rested and locked up on the charge of
disorderly conduct, bnt they were all
discharged. When brought before the
police court the proprietor of the hall
would make no charge against them.
He was afraid of a boycott if he press
ed a charge and preferred to stand his
losses.
tSe house.
Seventh Day*—When the house
met at eleven o’clock Monday morn
ing a large array of members were
present. The speaker announced the
following committee appointments:
Enrolled bills: Pearson, (chairman,)
Bussell, (Ga.,) Latimer, Hines, Hager,
Adams and Gillett, (N. Y.) Accouut:
Busk, (chairman,) Paynter, Tate,
Mutchler, Ikert, Wells, Post, Wright,
(Mass.,) and Marvin. Mileage: Lynch,
(chairman,) Strait,Pendleton,..(Texas,)
and Mahon. The silver debate was
resumed,Boatner making his initiative
speech in favor of free coinage. Hol
man introduced a joint resolution mak
ing immediately available the appro
priation for the mileage of senators
and representatives. Agreed to. The
silver debate was then resiimed.
Eighth Day,—In the house, Tues
day, after approval of Monday’s jour
nal, before a small attendance of mem
bers, Mr. Burrows offered a resolution
giving Chas. E. Belknap the right to
contest the seat of George F. Richard
son from the fifth district of Michigan.
Mr. Richardson, the sitting member,
asked that the resolution be laid over
until Wednesday and it was so order
ed. The silver debate was then re
maned, Mr. Hutcheson., of Texas, con
cluding his remarks began Monday in
favor of the free coinage of silver. Mr.
Hutcheson was followed by Mr. Blanch
ard, of Louisiana, who spoke in favor
of free coinage.
Ninth Day.—In the house, Wed
nesday morning, after adopting a res
olution calling on the secretary of the
treasury for information respecting
silver purchases, the debate on the
Wilson bill was resumed, Mr. McCall,
of Massachusetts, speaking for the
bill. Mr. McCall was followed by Mr.
Combs, of New York. While speak
ing for the repeal of the purchasing
ciatise of the Sherman act, he referred
to notes and thereby broke the natural
flow of his eloquence.
Tenth Day.—-Mr. Daniels, of New
York, opened Thursday’s debate in the
house with ft speech urging the uncon
ditional repeal of the purchase sec
tions of the Sherman act. He was
followed by Mr. Cooper, of Florida,
democrat, who announced himself as
opposed to every proposition made by
the silver men and for unconditional
repeal. Mr. Goldzier, democrat, of
Illinois, spoke in favor of the repeal
of tho Sherman bill and raised his
voice in support of the creditor class,
which did not, he said, consist of the
bankets and brokers of Wall street,
bnt of the great mass of the people.
At the conclusion of Mr. Goldzier’s
remarks, Mr. Weadock announced the
death of liis colleagne, J. Logan
Chipman, of Michigan. The usual
resolutions were adopted and the
speaker appointed the following com
mittee to take action in the premises:
Messrs. Weadock, Whiting, McMillin,
Gorman, Caruth, Cannon, of Illinois,
Powers, Haugen and Ailkiu. The
house then, as a tribute of respect to
the memory of the deceased at 11:50
o’clock adjourned.
Mexico and Her Tariff.
Dispatches from City of Mexico
states that the import duties on for
eign corn, cornmeal and beans were
restored - Tuesday. President Diaz
judging that^the cause for the suspen
sion of the duties has now ceased. The
toll gate duties in the federal district
on domestic cornmeal and beans were
also restored. ' From this time for
ward beer and other fermented liquors
are liable on importation to the special
tax of 15 per cent in addition to the
regular import duties on the 6ame
footing as foreign liquors obtained by
distillation.
A Cut of Ten Per Cent.
Eight thousand machinists, pattern
makers, molders, roller turners and
laborers in Pittsburg, Pa., district
have been notified of a reduction of
10 per cent iu their wages. The cut
is vigorously objected to, and a strike
is openly talked of. The proposed
reduction affects the employes of 26
firms in Pittsburg. A special meeting
of the various trades interested will
be held immediately, and 0 course of
action decided upon.
Fire Kinds of Paper Money.
“How many kinds of paper money are
(here?” repeated Assistant Treasurer
Sam Bailey when asked the question.
“Five, and if you’ll wait an instant I’ll
show you samples of them all.”
Returning with five crisp slips, he
scaled off the first at random and heAd
it out at arm’s length. “That’s a
United States treasury note or green
back, the government’s note of hand,
legal tender at its face value in pay
ment of all debts—all means all, doesn’t
it?—public and private, except when
otherwise expressly stipulated in the
contract. That is to say, the govern
ment sometimes makes a contract to
pay in gold, bnt if not then this note
is a legal tender for all purposes.
“Here is a $20 gold certificate.
That represents 20 gold dollars depos
ited in the United States treasury.
Gold cannot be legally paid out for
any other form of paper money. The
silver certificate represents so many
dollars deposited in the treasury.
Gold cannot be claimed upon it. The
coin certificate is not, ns many think
payable in gold or silver. It repre
sents the silver coined each month,
under the bullion purchase act of
1891, and is payable only in silver,
If gold were demanded for it, I should
be obliged to refuse. The fifth kind
of paper money is the national bank
note. It displaced the old state bank
notes, and is secured by United States
bonds purchased by the bank issuing
it and deposited with the United
States treasurer. It is legal tender for
all debts, public and private, except
interest on the public debt and cus
toms duties. All these moneys are, I
believe, coined in all denominations,
from $1 up, except the gold certificate
which is not issued for sums under
$20.”—Cincinnati Tribune.
Effect of Tobacco on Boys.
The boy who smokeB saps his physi
cal strength. In boat races and games
of baseball, cricket, bicycling and
other athletics the habitual smoker
stands no chance against the young
man of pure, cleanly and temperate
habits. Some investigations have re
cently been made which convey a
startling warning to smoking boys.
From measurements of 187 students
in Yale college it was found that those
who let tobacco alone gained over
those who used it during the college
year 1892 twenty-two per cent in
weight, twent-nine and one-half per
cent in height, nineteen pet cent in
girth of chest, and sixty-six per cent
in lung capacity. Measurements at
Amherst college showed even greater
difference in favor of those who did
not use tobacco. With such evidence
as this before him, no sensible boy is
likely to try to cultivate the tobacco
habit or to cling to it if he has already
acquired it. Give the boys more op
portunities for athletics, and they will
require less tobacco.— Troy Times.
An Enelny of Sewers.
The eucalyptus tree is the greatest
destroyer of a sewerage Bystem known
to the municipalities. The fibrous
roots will penetrate the smallest pos
sible opening at the pipe connections,
and once into the sewer pipe will grow
and expand until the sewer is entirely
choked up, and in a number of. cities
it has been found that the pipes have
been broken. The planting of trees
of this variety should be disconraged.
In some cities ordinances have been
passed compelling property owners to
cut down all trees of the gum variety
for the protection of the sanitary con
dition.—Modesto News.
The Aftermath.
Husband—“Come sit on my lap, my
dear, as you did in our old courting
days. ”
Wife—“Well, I declare! I haven’t
received such an invitation for an
age.”
^Husband — “And — er — bring a
needle and thread with you, my love.”
—New York Weekly.
Avoidable.
Summer Boarder—“If I should go
fishing in that pond would I be likely
to get any bites?”
Farmer’s Boy—“No, not unless ye
step on ’em.”
“Step on them? On what?”
“Snakes, of course.”
(•rowing Old Pleannutly.
Tile cheerfulest old folks you can find are
those wise enough to mitigate the infirmities
of age with Hostetter’s Stomach Bitters, the
finest tonic in declining years, Infirmity,
delicate health and convalescence. It stimu*
latcs digestion, renews appetite and sleep, and
insures regular action or the liver and bowels.
Against malaria, rheumatism and kidney
complaints it is a reliable safeguard.
Discount all yotlr bwn notes before com
mencing to discount other peopled.
Malaria cared and eradicated from the sys
tem by Brown’s Iron Bittern, w liich enriches
the blood, tones the nerve j , aids digestion.
Acts like a charm on persons in general ill
health, giving new energy and s 1 . rength.
Don’t worry about heaven if yonr conscience
tells yon that you deserve it.
How's This !
We offer One Hundred Dollars Beward tor
any case of (’atarrh that cannot be cured by
Hall’s Catarrh Cure. „
F. J.Ciienev & Co., Props,, Toledo, O,
We, the undersigned, have known F. J. Che
ney for the last 15 years, and believe him ]»er-
fectly honorable in all business transactions
and financially able to carryout any obliga
tion made by their firm.
West & Tiujax, Wholesale Druggists, Toledo,
WaloI'G, Ki.waK & MAttVitf, Wholesale
Druggists. Toledo, Oh«o. #
Ila I s Catarrh Cure is taken internally, act
ing directly upon the blood and mucous sur
faces of the system. Price, 75c. per bottle. -Soli
by all Druggists. Testimonials free.
W# Car* Rapt or*.
Ho matter of how long standing. Write
for free treatise, testimonials, etc., to S. J.
Hollensworth A Co., Owego, Tioga Co., N. Y.
Price $1; by mail, $1.15.
The surest way to b : liappy yourself is to try
to make everybody else happy.
Brown-’s Iron Bitters cure^ DyBpppsiT, Mala
ria, Biliousness and General Debibt-. Gives
strength, aids Digestion, tones tie A* ves-
creates appetite. The best tonic for cursing
Mothers, weak women and children.
KNOWLEDGE
Brings comfort and improvement anfl
tends to personal enjoyment when
rightly used. The many, who live bet-
tei .nan othersand enjoy life more, with
less expenditure, by more promptly
adapting the world’s best products to
the needs of physical being, will attest
the value to health of the pure liquid
laxative principles embraced in the
remedy, Svrup of Figs.
Its excellence is due to its pre-entLng
in the form most acceptable and pleas
ant to the taste, the refreshing and truly
beneficial properties of a perfect lax
ative ; effectually cleansing the system,
dispelling colds, headaches and foyers
and permanently curing constipation.
It has given satisfaction to millions and
met with the approval of the medical
profession, because it acts on the Kid
neys, Liver and Bowels without weak
ening them and it is perfectly free from
every objectionable substance.
Syrup of Figs is for sale by all drug
gists in 50c and $1 bottles, but it is man
ufactured by the California Fig Syrup
Co. only, whose name is printed on everf
package, also the name, Syrup of Figs,
and being well informed, you will not
accept any substitute if offered.
‘August
I had been troubled five months
with Dyspepsia. I had a fullness
after eating, and a heavy load in the
pit of my stomach. Sometimes a
deathly sickness would overtake
me. I was working for Thomas
McHenry',Druggist, Allegheny City,
Pa., in whose employ I had been for
seven years. I used August Flower
for two weeks. I was relieved of all
trouble. I can now eat things I
dared not touch before. I have
gained twenty pounds since my re
covery. J. D. Cox, Allegheny', Pa. <D
Young Mothers l
IFo Offer You a Remedy
which Insure* Safety to
Rife of Mother and Child* V ^
“MOTHER'S FRIEND”
Robs Confinement of it§
Rain, Horror and Risk,
After .Afng one bottle of “ Mother’* Friend ” C
suffered but little pain, and did uot experience that
weakness afterward usual In such cases.—Mrs.
Annie Gage, Lamar, Mo., Jan. 15th, 1391.
9tnt by express, charges prepaid, on receipt ot
price, $1.50 per bottle. Book to Mothers mailed free.
BBADFIELDBEGULAIOB CO,, ,
ATLANTA, GA,
BOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS.
WHISKY
AND OPIUM
HABITS CURED
At j our home without pain or confinement.
Patientis continue business while under treat
ment. Whisky and all other drugs stopped
immediately on beginning treatment—do not
need them. No treatment yet discovered to
compare with it. Have given special study
and practice to these diseases lor the past
twenty years, with continued and successful
increase in practice. Write for my book
of cures, free.
B.M. WOOLLEY, M. I>, Dep’t A.
Office, No. 104ii Whitehall Street, Atlanta, Ga.
AN ASTONISHING
TONIC FOR WOMEN.
McELREE’fl
It Strengthen* the Weak, Quiets th*
Nerves, Relieves Monthly
Suffering and Cures
FEMALE DISEASES.
ASK YOUR DRUGGIST ABOUT IT.
S1.00 PER BOTTLE.
CHATTANOOGA MED. CO., Chattanoogi, Tenn.
At the present time the banks take no note
of time—nor anybody else.
A wonderful stoma“h corrector—Beecbam’s
Pills. Beecham’s—no other*. 25cts. a box.
If afflicted with sore eyes use Dr- Isaac Thomp
son’s Eye-water.Druggists sell at 2.V.- per bottle.
Distress in the Stomach
Heartburn, Sick Head
ache and other symp
toms of 'Dyspepsia
troubled me for several
years. Since I have been
taking Hood’s Sar
saparilla this is ,
changed. Dyspepsia 1
trouble no longer bothers |
me. I do not have heart
burn and I am free from
headache. I have gained
in flesh and feel better in
ever way.” Mrs. J. H.Cook, Martinsville. I
MEND YOUR OWN HARNESS
f WIXH
THOMSON'S!
SLOTTED
CLINCH RIVETS.
Ko tools rcqn.rrd. Only a hammer needed to drlvs
ana c.inch th-m casi.y and quickly, leaving ihe clinch
tbsoiutely smooth. Ho-qulilng no ho e to be made In
the leather nor burr for the Rivets. They are strong,
tonsil *nd dnrahlr. Millions now in use. Ail
lenytht. uniform or :»e*>rted, pat np In boxes.
A«lt roar denl«*r for them, or send 40c. la
•tamps for a box of lOU, assorted sizes. ilan’fd by
JUDSON L. THOMSON MFG. C0. #
WALTHAYI, 'IASS.
CANCER
CURED WITHOUT THE KMF£
Or use oi painfd . bin injr, poisonous plas
ters. Cancers exclusively treated. Dr.
P. B. Green’* Sanatorium, Fort Payne, Ala.
If any one donbfs
weetnren?thorn ob
stinate case in 29 to GO
days. let him wr to for
particulars and investi
gate our reliab lity. Our
f.n mclal backing is
f.',00.000. When mercury,
iodide potassium, sarsap irilla or Hot Springs fail, wo
gmrantee a euro—and our ila vie Cyphilen -• Is the only
CURB
RUPTURE.
Hotd's Pills are purely vegetable. 25 cents.
■ For Indigestion, Biliousness, 1
= Headache, Constipation, Bad 1
i Complexion, Offensive Breath, ■
I &il disorders of the Stomach, \
l liver and Bowels, i
I RIPANS T A RULES,
~ set gently yet promptly. Perfect =
■ digestion follows their use. Bold I
■ hr nr TrvmalL Box
HARD RUBBER
TRUSSES ticulars. PaIW
1«B.S£EI4£Y&C0.»25 S.llth su.Pliiladiu
We pay the Freight
If not satisfactory r-v
turn at once a.d get your money back. R. P,
RAN DA LI/, arrlage Repository, New Orleans.
CANCER Cured Permanently
» J. X. Klein.Bellevlile.N'. J.
Piso s Remedy for Catarrh is the
Best, Easiest to Use, and Cheapest.
CATARRH
fcjold by druggists or sent by mail,
50c. E. T. Hazeltine, Warren, Pa.
A. N. C
Thp ty three, ’93