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GEN. T. P. MEAGHER.
A MONUMENT TO HIS MEMORY
BY MONTANA.
A Rebel In lrlsnil and Sentenced to lie
Hanged lie Gained Fame In the Civil
War and Wav Acting Governor of
Montana.
The name of (Jen. Thomas Francis
Meagher, one of Montana's early gov
ernors to whose memory it is proposed
to erect a monument in that common
wealth, is known in two hemispheres.
It has made part of the history of Ire
land and America. In Ireland it was
associated with events which charac
terized an epoch not rare in the story
of that oountry -an epoch of revolu
tion. What Lord Edward Fitzgerald
was to the period of 1798 and Robert
Emmet was to the unfruitful, though
gallant, movement of 1803, Meagher
was, in a great measure, to the revolu
tionary attempt of 1848.
Meagher'a Career In Ireland.
(Jon. Meagher was born in Water
ford, Ireland, in 1823. After his col
lege graduation, in 1843, he entered
into the whirl of political strife then
raging. Tie repeal movement was
then shaking Ireland. Every town and
village was in ferment. O’Oonnell,
playing with the passions of the peo
ple, which he controlled with a po
tency equal to the wand of Prospero,
had constructed a gigantic organiza
tion. It was at this period that John
Mitchell, editor of the Irish Citizen,
met young Meagher in Dublin. Mea
gher’s services in the national cause
were compressed into the period of a
few years. It was the stormiest time
in the history of the country during
all its struggles against foreign dom
ination since the days of the volun
teers in 1782 and the revolution of
371(8, of whi'-h Wolfe Tone, Fitzgerald,
THOMAS FRANCIS MEAGHER.
Emmet, Hamilton Rowan and other
leaders of the ‘'United Irishmen" were
the inspiration.
From 1845 to 1848 Meagher labored
zealously with other leaders of the
Young Ireland party, whose object was
to obtain Irish independence by force
ot arms. In the summer of 1848 Mea
gher was captured with arms in his
hands in the county of Tipperary
while engaged in an effort to array
the peasantry against the authority of
the British crown after O f ßrien’s at
tempt at Ballingary. He was tried for
high treason with Smith O'Brien, Ter
rence Bellew McManus and Patrick
O'Donoghue, and was convicted, of
course, and sentenced to be
Hanged. Drawn ami Quartered
and his rent lins placed at the disposal
of her majesty, the Queen, to he dealt
with according to royal pleasure. His
speech upon the passing of this bar
barous sentence will long be remem
bered for its unflinching spirit, its
calmness, its dignity and splendid
justification of the acts for which he
was condemned to suffer.
By a spot ial act of royal clemency,
however, Meagher was released from
the extreme penalty, the punishment
of alt the conspirators being fixed at
transportation for life to the convict
settlement at Van Dieman's land. In
the spring of 1852, after nearly four
years of penal exile, he made his es
cape and landed in New York in the
latter part of May.
Meagher soon became a distin
guished lecturer and public writer. He
studied law with Judge Emmet and in
1854 became a member of the New
tYork. bar, which practice he gave up
for a time to undertake an expedition
to Central America, in 1853 Meagher
published a volume of his spee< hes on
The legislative Independence of Ire
land.
His Service In the Civil War.
At the outbreak of the civil war he
organized a company of Zouaves for
the national army and joined the Six
ty-ninth New York Volunteers under
Col. Michael Corcoran. He served
during the first campaign in Virginia
and at the first Bull Run had a horse
shot under him In the latter part of
1861 he organized the Irish Brigade
and became its colonel. In February,
1862, he became a brigadier general.
He and iiis command fought bravely
during the seven days’ battle around
Richmond, and at the second Bull Run.
Fredericksburg and Antietam, where
•gain a horse was shot under him.
After Chancelloraville his brigade was
ao decimated that he resigned and was
out of actual service until early in
1864, when he was recommissioned
brigadier general of volunteers and
assigned to the command of the dis
trict of Etowah. In 1865 he was or
dered to report for duty to Gen. Sher
man at Savannah, but the close of the
war put an end to further military
service.
A* (Jovernor of Montana.
In July, 4865, he was appointed by
President Johnson to be secretary of
the territory of Montana and later be
came acting governor in the absence
cf Gov. Sidney Edgerton. His flrat
official act was to call the legislature
together at. Helena, February 21, 1866.
to provide for the expenses of the gov
ernment. The attacks of the Indians
upon the residents of Fort Benton, on
the Upper Missouri, compelled him to
call for volunteers, and it was in pro
curing the armament for these that the
circumstances occurred which led to
his death. He had traveled 30 miles
in the saddle under a scorching July
sun, after superintending the arrival
of arms and munitions for the militia.
He reached Fort Benton the evening
of July 1, 1867, wearied from his long
Journey and, there being no accom
modations at the post, he took quar
ters in a stateroom on board the old
battered Missouri steamer G. A.
Thompson. That night ho attempted
to leave the boat. The night was dark
and he stumbled over a coil of rope
on the deck and fell Into the dark,
rushing waters. He struck the guard
in his descent, which probably dis
abled him, and, although a gallant
swimmer, and despite the efforts of
willing hands, he was swept forever
from the sight of man. The body was
never recovered.
GERMANS ON THE INCREASE,
Census Returns Show Population of Em
pire to He 58,000,000.
The United States census office has
received ‘hrough tho state department
a consular report on the population of
the German empire and its changes
during the last century. The popu
lation is now about 56,000,000, larger
than that of any other country in
Europe except Russia, which lias In
Europe alone over 106,000,000 subjects,
or nearly twice as many as Germany.
In 1789 the whole German empire had
a population of about 26,000,000 an at
the close of the Napoleonic wars in
1815 Germany, though somewhat re
duced in size, had a population ol
something more than 30,000,000. In
1845, since which date the area has
remained almost constant, Germany
had 34,000,000; in 1860, 40,000,000; in
1885, 47,000,000, and in 1900, about 55,-
500,000, an increase during the century
of about 30,000,000. Since 1871, when
the modern German empire was or
ganized, the population of Germany
has increased about 35 per cent, a
growth extremely rapid for an old
country and for one sending out large
and steady streams of emigrants. The
Germans felt a natural pride in the
rapid growth of their population, says
the report, compared with that of their
rival across the Rhine. In 1845 France
had about 36,000,000 inhabitants and
Germany 34,000,000. Now France has
about 38,000.000. or only two-thirds
the number in Germany. The provis
ional results of the census of Vienna,
taken December 31, 1900, have just
been announced, and according to a
report from the consul general at Vi
enna showed a population of 1,635,-
647, or nearly 63,000 less than there
were in Chicago when the recent cen
sus of that city was taken. These fig
ures show Vienna to rank next after
London, Paris and Berlin among the
European capitals, while in (his coun
try only New York and Chicago are
larger. During the last ton years Vi
enna has Increased 21.9 per cent, or
slightly faster than ihe average of the
whole United States. Few large cities
in tills country do not show a larger
rate. Of the two American cities larg
er than Vienna, greater New York in
creased in ten years 37.8 per cent and
Chicago 54.4 per cent. In common
with most large cities the population
residing in the central districts of Vi
enna is slowly decreasing and the most
rapid growth is in the outskirts of the
city.
Yunttiful Killtor t Gyptnin, Kan.
Allan Swisher, aged 12. of Gypsum,
Kas., is probably the youngest news
paper editor and publisher in the
United States. * During the present
month he has been made an honorary
member of the Kansas State Press as
sociation. and has received mention in
the columns of \V. J. Bryan’s Common
er, as follows: “Master Allan Lee
Swisher, a 12 year old boy of Gypsum,
Kas., is the editor and publisher of a
little paper called the Chronicle. The
work, both lettering and illustrating,
is done with a pen. Whether or not
young Swisher will become permanent
ly identified with the newspaper fra
ternity. he certainly has round useful
employment for his spare time.” The
Gypsum Chronicle has been running
twenty-eight weeks. It is a four-page
paper customarily, with a larger num
ber of pages occassionallv. it is print
ed on the ordinary white paper used by
dailies. While the first copy is made
with a pen. the other impressions are
made with a stamp or by some other
simple process. The first page of a
recent number was given up to a pen
picture of Alphonso XIII, king oi
Spain. Master Swisher attends the vil
lage school, and spends his evenings
in the publication of his paper. Since
coming to public notice he has had sc
many demands for the Chronicle that
he has had to call in a number of
schoolmates to aid him in “the press
work" after the original c&py had been
printed.
Verdi's Horror of Poor Untie.
Verdi bad a horror of barrel organs
and when he went on his holidays he
had a method of suppressing the street
music which was rather unique. At
Moncaleri once a visitor found the
composer living, sleeping and eating
in one room. Seeing his surprise,
Verdi said: “Oh, I have two other
large rooms, hut they contain a num
ber of articles I have hired.” And he
opened the door and showed the visit
or some barrel organs to the number of
ninety-five. At a cost of 1.500 lire the
composer had hired all the grinding
machines in the place to insure a
peaceful holiday.
THE WEEKLY NEWS. CARTERSVILLE, GA.
Is a "Rabid
" Red ”
When one considers how much an
.rchy has cost Chicago and then reads
hat the leading clubs of that city have
ately entertained Peter Alexeivitch
{ropotkin, the most noted of Russian
narchists, it strikes him as an incon
.ruotis situation. The foremost citi
,e_.s of the city vtthich hanged Spiess,
Bngel, Parsons and Fisher for their
.narchistic crimes spared no pains
o make the reception of the Russian
>ne of the best the city ever gave a
’oreign visitor. Besides Hull House,
:he Chicago university, the Twentieth
Jentury club and other prominent so
cial institutions, Mrs. Emmons Blaino
.nd Mrs. Potter Palmer have given en
tertainments in his lienor.
Kropotkin was formerly a Russian
prince. He was long ago exiled from
tiis native land, having joined the Red
International Workingmen’s Associa
tion in 1872. So violently anarchistic
have been some of his utterances and
ioctrines that he has been frequently
arrested in several European coun
tries. He was confined three years in
i French prison at Lyons and was ex
pelled from Switzerland. His detes
tation for government amounts almost
to a mania.
One explanation given for the recep
tion is that just at present Kropotkin
is roasting Russia. The Chicago en
tertainers are mainly British sympa
thisers. The present strained rela
tions between the Bear and the Lion
has resulted in profitable employment
to enemies of both. It is most likely
that the Russian prince is well paid
for his lecture tour.
USES OF SAWDUST.
Many Valuable Products That Aro Sow
Extracted from It.
Scientific men have long been en
gaged in the study of methods of
utilizing waste products, such as sew
age, garbage and many other things,
formerly thrown away as worthless.
After it is ascertained just what these
materials contain that can be utilized
ingenious men set their wits to work to
invent machinery and devise processes
by which the valuable commodities
may be ext acted. In this way many
million dollars' worth of oils, fertiliz
ers and other useful substances are
now r saved, and the world is so much
the richer.
A great deal of sawdust has always
gone to waste, though many mills have
used it to supplement their fuel sup
ply. Chemical analysts have been at
work on the sawdust problem and it
has been shown clearly that it contains
very useful elements that are worth
saving, and now machinery has been
invented to extract these materials.
The experiments have proven that
1,000 pounds of sawdust will yield
about 160 pounds of char which is
practically the same as charcoal and
equally as serviceable; 180 pounds of
acids, 160 pounds of tar and a quantity
of gases that have been tested for
heating and illuminating and found to
be excellent for both purposes. While
tke wids.tar and char are the Droducts
particularly desired it is said the gases
are of commercial value.
A machine has been invented in
Montreal for the purpose of distilling
sawdust and obtaining the desired
products. Consul General Bittinger
writes that the machine treats about
2,000 pounds of wet sawdust an hour.
As Canada manufactures enormous
quantities of lumber it is expected that
the utilization of sawdust in that coun
try will be an important source of
valuable commodities.
There ar.e twenty places in Europe
where oxalic acid is extracted from
sawdust. In Scotland sawdust is used
to make floor-cloth, coarse wrapping
paper, and millboard, which is a kind
of pasteboard used by bookmakers in
Krepotfin. the .Knarchijt.
Lionized by
the covers of books. Thus sawdust,
once thought to be a good deal of a
nuisance, is beginning to be considered
quite a useful article.
POOR FOOD MAKES TOPERS.
Intimate Relation Between the Saloon
anil the Dinner Table.
It has long been known that scanty
food and poor cookery were main
causes of the appetite for string drink.
More than a century ago English
writers called attention to this fact in
their own country. Jacob Riis, of New
York, whose study of social problems
In cities has raised him to the rank of
an authority on the subject, in a recent
speech before a woman’s club of that
city remarked that much of the evil of
drunkenness would be abated if the art
of good cooking were more generally
understood and practiced. He insisted
that the general adoption of means for
promotion of good cooking would do
more to abate the saloon evil than any
other one of the methods now proposed
or employed, or all of them together.
That the appetite for strong drink Is
due largely to poor and meager food is
a physiological fact of the first import
ance. It is the cause of the excessive
consumption of Hquors in the poorest
districts of all cities, and it is often
witnessed in village and country .where
the art of preparing food is neglected
or unknown. Stimulation of alcoholic
liquors is taken as a substitute by
PETER KROPOTKIN
those who feel the necessity of it to
keep them going. It is destructive, of
course, but this fact is not realized, and
if it were it would have little restrain
ing effect, since most persons think on
ly of supplying a present want.
Tlio Judge's Charge Comes First.
Anew law in Montana will tend to
take quite a quantity of wind out of
the oratorical and argumentative sails
of the lawyers of that state. It is to
the effect that the judge’s charge shall
precede the arguments of counsel. It
is not probable, however, that the law
yers will feel aggrieved. Experience
teaches that a jury usually pays strict
er attention and gives greater weight
to what the judge says than to the
most eloquent efforts of the lawyers.
Then the judge always had the last say
and his words were fresh in the jur
ors’ minds when they retired for de
liberation. Under the new law in Mon
tana, loquacious attorneys, and there
are few who are not. will be able to
remove to a great extent the influence
of the court’s remarks. Some lawyers
if properly wound up could no doubt
talk long enough to render the jurors
unable to remember that the judge bad
ever spoken, that is if Montana lawyers
are like their brethorn in many other
states. It is probable they are, for
Senator Career comes from there, and
he did some talking recently.
Got Fall on the Wrong Day.
The British House of Commons has
its story teller in chief in the person
of Mr. Tully. His latest yarn is of a
Scottish innkeeper who for years got
tipsy evety Sunday afternoon. One
Thursday he got drunk by mistake,
thinking it was Sunday, and found a
couple of his guests playing billiards.
He insisted that they stop, saying that
he could not allow anyone to play bil
liards in his house “on the Sabbath.”
Got the Worst of It.
A certain British picklemaker has
his pint bottles made to hold just over
a pint, so as to be on the safe side of
English law. His caution met with
poor reward when some of these bot
tles arrived in Canada, where the law
provides that any measure holding
more than a pint must pay duty as a
quart.
DAILY LIFE OF CZAR.
A METHODICAL EXISTENCE AT
HIS PALACE.
The Molt Powerful Knoperor on Earth a
Quiet and Unobtrusive Man XT ho
Breaths the £ame Hopes as His Meet
Humble Subject.
Owing to the alleged troubles in Rus
sia the mode of life of its ruler, Nich
olas 11, will be scanned with interest.
The czar rises at 8:30 o’clock. His toi
let lasts until nearly 9. Then he sits
down at his writing table to discharge
particularly important matters of state
which do not admit of delay. From 10
to 11 there is a short pause for a light
lunch. From 11 to 1 o’clock the czar’s
time is devoted to work. He signs
documents, studies bills and examines
the reports of his ministers and gover
nors, to which he often adds numerous
marginal remarks. His majesty drinks
meanwhile several glasses of tea, never
taking winf. He eats a caviare sand
wich.
From 1 to 4 p. m. is devoted to the
joys and sorrows of the domestic
hearth. Occasionally the aide-de-camp
on duty is summoned and the czar de
sires to hear anything new or interest
ing in the papers. His majesty is a
very industrious reader of the news
papers.
From 4 p. m. the czar works again,
sometimes only to 6, but often till 7
o’clock, when his principal meal is par
taken of. The rest of the evening till
9:3o—but till 10 should the ex-empress
be present—is spent with his family.
After this he retires to his study.
Punctually at midnight he goes to bed.
Court banquets and festivities inter
fere now and then with the routine of
his daily life but the minister of the
imperial house tries as much as possi
ble to keep the czar’s working hours
uninterrupted.
Officials in attendance on the czar
are very well satisfied with his state of
health. The epileptic seizure which for
merly recurred every four or six weeks
have not returned since his illness in
the Crimea. His free has become
round and full and he has a healthy
color. His frequent headaches have
also disappeared.
The ruler of Russia is an admirable
man, and we must take these an
nouncements on faith. His attempt
to inaugurate a world’s peace speaks
eloquently of the nobleness of his soul.
His scheme for the completion of the
Siberian railway and for other vast
projects tell of his sincere interest in
the welfare of his country. It seems
cruel that his life should bt menaced,
"—
NICHOLAS. THE GREAT,
as the London papers so frequently
charge, it would be unfortunate for
Russia and all the civilized world were
he to be killed.
Russia, like Germany, Austria and
England, must work out its own sal
vation, and the route is not by tho
way of assassination. The oeople must
be educated. They must be led up
ward.
China’s Diplomatic Minister.
Minister Wu is a diplomat of diplo
mats. All through the troublous times
of the hostilities in China last sum
mer and fall, and during the negotia
tions leading up to the signing of the
note at Pekin, Minister Wu has re
mained on terms of close amity with
the government of the United States.
On election day he went out to a near
ly Maryland town and studied at close
range the practical exercise of Ameri
can suffrage. He has been more in de
mand than any other member of the
diplomatic corps for addresses at con
ventions and banquets and he has filled
as many of these engagements as pos
sible. His son goes about Washington
In the uniform of a High School cadet.
A few days ago this wise policy of the
representative of China reached a cli
max when the younger Wu shouldered
bis carbine and marched in the ranks
ot the cadets under the stars and
stripes, celebrating the centennial of
the capital city. In all of his acts
Minister Wu has emphasized the desire
3f his government to be next with the
United States.
Woman of 36 Motner or 14 Children.
“Talking of family records and of
early marriages,” said a South Caro
linian. “reminds me of the most mar
velous record I ever heard of. There
lives in Pickens county, one of the
mountain counties of the state, a wo
man 26 years old who has fourteen
children and one grandchild. The wo
man was married when she was il
years old, and when she was at the
age when many women are just marry
ing she was the mother of fourteen
children, all of them alive. One of
these children married early like her
mother and has one child. Id not be
lieve that this record is easily beaten.*’
A DARE-DEVIL FEAT.
Two M. Uoait Down a l, 0 .,.
Mountain Side l n Wjoiuln-
It is difficult to imagine a more
devil and thrilling adventure than n
of two men sliding down a steep i
crusted mountain, one in a
tor’s pan and the other on a mw
shovel. Yet su.h a hazardous undl*
taking was accomplished by p e t P
Goff and “Yankee Bill’’ Murphy
ers and prospectors in the Siem
Madre mountains, when they flew ~?!
the wind down the side of the treele'
Quartsite mountain, a distance of t
miles, with a descent of about thirb
five degrees and landed in twenty-fl v ,
feet of snowdrift in the 40-foot chiW
of Cow Creek, a few miles west of
Grand encampment, Wyoming.
Pete and “Yankee Bill’s” love of ad.
venture will brook perils of any kind
and at any time for the pure love
sport—perils at which the tenderf™
would stand aghast. Both are knows
for the chances they take with their
lives. The greater the danger the
more ready they are to enter into it. It
was a jesting wager simply that they
raced down the mountain side, Pete
in the pan and “Yankee Bill” S q uat .
ting on the shovel, both finishing with
a record-breaker and what might have
been a neck-breaker.
They had climbed to the top of the
peak, over two feet of snow, to wash
out a decomposed quartsite which
showed rusty iron ore, and which led
them to believe they would carry gold.
In the afternoon it turned so cold that:
the surface of the mountain resembled
glass. It was near sundown when the
two men finished prospecting and
started to retrace their way down the
mountain. The slippery, iced snow
impeded their progress, making the
journey slow and dangerous at best.
Less than 100 feet down Pete jesting
ly proposed to “Yankee Bill” that they
slide down on the pan and shovel.
“I’ll beat you,” said Pete, suiting the
action to the word by getting into the
pan.
“You can’t beat me,” replied Yankee
Bill,” at the same time squatting down
on his shovel, unmindful of possible
danger.
At first both slid along at a jerky
fashion, for they were obliged to pus!
themselves along**at times. Suddenly
however, the descent became mud
more abrupt, and the two men launch
ed into the ozone and shot down with
accelerating speed like comets through
space. The sensation they felt cat
neither be described nor imagine!
They tore down the mountain side like
an avalanche, each holding on to his
metal steed with a vice-like grip. A
mile was covered in apparently an in
stant, when a ridge formation turned
them off their course, and they flew
still faster at an acute angle. The 40-
foot chasm of Cow creek was inevit
able and before they had time to real
ize the danger they had leaped over its
edge, cleared Cow creek, and, as il
human drills, had bored the snowdrift
twenty-five feet.
When dug out Pete and “Yanket
Bill” did not exactly need the coroner,
but there were not enough plasters and
linaments in camp to soothe theh
bruises. They came up smiling, how
ever, each stoutly maintaining victory.
THE CENSUS.
Its Modern Use It Due to tlie lultlatlvj
of the United St ate*.
The census was an important fea-j
ture of the governments of ancient
Rome, Greece, Egypt, Persia and the
Babylonian empire. A census of th*
vast Roman empire and its dependen
cies was in progress at the time ol
the birth of Christ. But this enumer
ation of population fell into disuse iJ
the Middle Ages. Down to the end ol
the 18th century even the most trust
worthy geographers had to depend en
tirely upon guesswork in forming ai
estimate of the population of the vari
ous countries in Europe. It is to the
United States that may be said to be
long the credit of reviving the census,
the constitution of 1787 including a
provision for census to be taken every
10 years. The enumeration was ren
dered necessary by the fact that the
population of the several states con
stituted the basis of representation #
congress, and, while it is true that th
national census was Incorporated it
the constitution from political rather
than philosophical considerations, #
must be confessed that this nation de
serves the glowing eulogium of Mo
reau de Jonnes, who declared that
“the United States presents a ph®*.
nomenon with parallel in history
that of a people who instituted the
statistics of their country on the very
day when they found their govern
ment, and who regulated by the sain*
instrument the census of inhabitant
their civil and political rights and
destinies of the nation.”
Aiglon Fad Still Flourishes.
The craze for Aiglon novelties ap
pears again among the new W®*
where the wreath and the eagle & Tt
elaborately represented. For skin
trimming there is a three-inch Mechli*
lace insertion with a wreath of l ac£
leaves as large as a tea plate extendi®*
up at intervals, while inside of this ®
a black lace eagle nearly filling
space, says the New York Sun.
Aiglon belt buckles are distingu> sliea
by laurel wreaths and spread eagk® 1
gold and silver, and then there is t6£
Aiglon umbrella handle, which i 3 3
gold ball with an eagle perched on FP-
Roses with most realistic dewdroP 8
scattered over them have been "° r ‘
as hair ornaments all winter, but
you can purchase the dewdrops bj 1 '
dozen and stick them on to suit >
own fancy. They have some
substance on the back which as "'' u ' a ’
their permanent position and are
readily disposed of as postage sta®