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LETTER FROM THE
STATE CHEMIST
A Treatise on Agricultural
Chemistry.
Professional.
THE VALUE OF PHOSPHORIC ACID
At a Constituent of Plant Food It It
Most Important—In Same Class with
Nitrogen and Potash—Interesting to
Farmers.
rylng from the else of a penbie to
quite large maeseB. The deposits
vary from one or two feet to twelve
i or more in thickness. This rock con-
! tains no nitrogenous organic matter
i like bone, but is simply a rock phos-
I phate. It Is true, however, that among
the deposits are found many evidences !
of life, such as Immense vertebrae of
animals, and large teeth of shark,}
marine and other animals. The South ;
Carolina rock contains from 26 to 28 ■ dlntist.
per cent, of phosphoric acid. It is j
highly esteemed both at home and ' office on Broad St. over Allen & Co.
abroad as a Source of phosphoric acid;
R. a. GRAVES & CO.'
Insure againrt loss by fire and
tornadoes.
Search Light Building.
DR. R. W. JACKSON,
(Continuing the letters of the State
Chemist to Georgia Farmers).
In letter No. 4, bulletin No. 38, I
alluded to the Importance of phospho
ric acid as a constituent of plant food,
ft la In the same class with nitrogen
and potash, they being the elements
found only in small quantity in most
ovlttvited soils, all the other elements
necessary to plant life being usually
present In profusion. Phosphoric
acid, then, muat be added to the soil
If we expect large yields. The vari
ous sources of phosphoric acid, then,
are of interest.
Bones were the first and earliest
form In which phosphoric acid was
applied to the soil. Bones are a com
bination of organic and ' inorganic
matter. The organic matter in a bone
consists mainly of fat and a glutin
ous matter; the inorganic matter Is
chiefly phosphate of lime. This dual
composition of a hone ran be demon
strated very graphically by taking
the leg bone of an animal and soak
ing It for quite a while In weak mu
riatic add. The acid will dissolve
away the phosphate of lime, which
gives rigidity and stiffness to the
bone, and leave behind the glutinous,
flexible animal matter of the bone,
which will still retain the shape of
the original bone. You can now take
this soft organic matter and tie it
Into a knot, without breaking it. This
•oft animal matter of the bone is rich
In nitrogen, so that a bone fertilizer
Is a double manure, both phospbatlc
•nd nitrogenous. Bones vary a good
deal In composition, according to the
nature and age of the animal; there
U not so much phosphate In the bones
of a young animal as those of an old
one. Even In the same animal, the
hard thigh bones of an ox, for In
stance, will contain more phosphate
of lime than softer bones from other
parts of the animal. Bones to be of
value should of course be ground, and
the liner the grinding the better. A
coarsely crushed or ground raw bone,
which has not been treated to remove
any of lta original fatty matter, will
decay with comparative alowness In
tbe soil, and consequently but little
•Ifect might he perceived from Its
application the first season.
A good raw bone will contain on an
average 22 per cent, phosphoric acid
and 4 per cent, of nitrogen, Such a
bone Is quite difficult to grind fine,
and on Its fineness depends in large
measure its value as a fertilizer. But
by boiling and steaming, much of the
fat Is removed, which has no value as
a manure; some of the nitrogen is
also removed In the form of glue and
gelatine by the boiling and steaming
process. This treatment however en
ables the bone to be ground much
finer than the raw bone, and where the
process has been carried out very
thoroughly, as In the manufacture of
glue, the resulting ground bone may
contain as high as 3n per cent, >f
phosphoric Reid, hut the nitrogen n
this case will be reduced to less than
2 per cent. Actual experiments have
Shown that all the phosphoric acid
from a finely ground steamed bone
may become available in one to two
seasons In the soil, while that from a
coarse ground raw bone would not be
come fully available In three or four
seasons.
The Mineral or Rock Phosphates.
If bones were the only source of
phosphoric acid, modern agriculture
would be In a distressing condition,
since bones could supply only a very
•mall part of tbe demand. The prices
of fertilizers would be very much
higher than they now are; the cotton
crop of the South and the grain crops
of the world would be very much
smaller, and the population of the
earth very mucb leas than It now is.
Bo tru« is It that life itself as counted
by generations rises and falls In great
er or smaller volume, In unison with
the available supply of plant food In
the soli. A vary large proportion of
the dense population and increased
wealth of the Old World la doubtless
do* to the discovery of the mineral
phosphates. Deposits of these in
greater or lees quantity have been
haown for a long time In the Old
World, but I shall mention only those
fields in thla country which are of
great commercial Importance today.
The first of these In point of dlscov
ary and development were the South
Carolina phosphate bed*. These beds
are in the neighborhood of Charleston,
B. C. The rock Is found both in the
land and in the rivers In that vicin
ity. This phosphate is found usually
la the form of lumps qr nodules, va
Telephone 94.
BYRON BOVVER, GORDON BOWER,
BOWER & BOWER.
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
I’raotiee in State Courts, Federal
and Justice Courts.
Office: Old Search-Light Building,
Bain bridge. Georgia.
Reference: First National Bank.
actual mining began there in 1868.
Florida Phosphates.
The next great discovery of phos
phate rock In this country occurred
In Florida in 1888 and '89. There are
different forms of this phosphate;
first, we have the land or boulder
phosphate, which occurs in rocky or
stony niassca of varying size and
form, and varying from 30 to 40 per.
cent, of phosphoric acid; second, the
“soft” phosphate, a white powdery ma.
terlai, mixed with more or less kaolin
and containing from 18 to 30 per cent,
phosphoric acid; thirdly, we have tba
“pebble" form consisting of small, hard
rounded pebbles, which occur both
in the beds of the rivers, and in de
posits on the land. They are varia
ble In composition, but range from
about 30 to 36 per cent, ef phosphoric
acid. The Florida rock constitutes a
very important source of phosphoric
acid, is highly esteemed, and is used
largely both at home and abroad.
Tennessee Phosphate.
Shortly after the discovery of phos
phate rock in Florida, discoveries be
gan to be made in Tennessee in the vi
cinity of Nashville, and later still im
portant deposits began to be found
In Maury county, Tenn., near Mt.
Pleasant. This rock, like the others, I Office over H. B. Ehrlich & (Jo's Store
is variable in form and composition, Bain bridge, Georgia,
but the marketable varieties range
from 30 to 37 per cent, of phosphoric
E. A. WIMBEItLEY,
COMMISSIONER OF DEEDS FOR FLORIDA
Superior Court Commissioner, No
tary Public (with Seal.)
Office With Clerk Superior Court
Baiubridge. Georgia.
A. L. TOWNSEND, O. F. WESTMORELAND
TOWNSEND &
WESTMORELAND,
ATTOTNEYS-AT-LAW.
Bainbridge.
DR. IB D. WILSON,
Georg
c. F. * A. RAILWAY CO,
“THRONATEE&KA RIVER ROUTE.”
Schedule Effective Jan. 11th, isoa.
NORTH BOUND
SOUTH BOUyi)]
DENTIST.
acid. There are other important phos.
phatic deposits in the world, but those
Just described constitute the import
ant ones lor southern agriculture.
Having mentioned the chief sources
of nitrogen and phosphoric acid, we
will take a bird's-eye view of the
source of petash.
JOHN M. McCANDLESS,
State Chemist.
JOE. II. GILPIN
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Will practice in all courts.
Baiubridge - Georgia.
Benefit* From Running.
Running Is the great beautlfler of fig
ure and movement. It gives muscular
development, strong heart action and
free lung pluy. The muscle comes
where It ought to be, the shoulders go
back, the loins hold the trunk well bal
anced. and the feet take their correct
positions. It was running which made
the Greek figure. The more active
tribes of American Indians have been
runners from time immemorial, and
from the chest to the heels they are
much more beautifully built than the
average of white men. Running peo
ple have usuully the firm but elastic
texture which is the beauty of flesh.
J1K. MATHER M. MoCORD,
PHYSICIAN AND 8URUE0N.
Whigham, Georgia.
Office: Trulock Building.
Calls answered promptly day and night.
ALBERT II. RUSSELL,
ATTORNKY-AT-LAW
OFFICE: Over Bainbridge State Bank
Bainhridge. - - Georgi
FIRST CLASS
FIRST CLA
PASSENGER
PASSENgei
No, 3.
No. 1.
No4,
■v
p m
Lv. 3 20
p m
0 25
Tallahassee
r m
Ar 8 50
3 38
0 44
Lake Jackson
9:li)
3 49
0 54
Gibson
819
3 58
703
Havana
810
4 03
7 08
Hinson
805
4 18
7 23
Cohn
7 53
4 25
7 30
Laingkat
745
4 33
7 37
Attapulgus
737
4 47
7 53
Bower
725
4 58
8 05
Homeland
715
5 07
8 15
Draw Bridge
70i
5 10-5 15
8 20
Bainbridge
700-657
5 17
8 27
F. R. L. Crossing
055
5 19
8 29
A. C. L. Crossing
053
5 25
8 35
White's Mill
5 30
8 41
Lynn
643
5 40
8 52
Efdorendo
633
5 55
9 07
Boykin
018
5 58
9 12
Nicholasyille.
615
0 00
9 22
Colquitt
006
0 18
9 31
Corea
5 56
550
0 24
9 30
Warren’s Mill
0 30
9 44
Damascus
5 45
0 37
9 51
Youman’s Siding
0 43
9 53
Rowena
5 35
052-700
1010
Arlington
528-523
7 05
10 25
C. R. R. Crossing
520
7 10
10 30
Turman
508
7 20
10 40
Edison
458
7 40
11 00
Moyne
445
7 45
11 05
Grubbs
4 40
8 00
11 20
Carter’s Creek
428
8 15
11 85
Central Junction
417
Ai. 8 20
1140
Cuthbert
L> 15
Trains No 1 and No 3 make close connection at Arlington and Cutl it
bany. Macon. Atlanta and all points '.Vest with only one change of can
Train No 2 makes close.conuectiyn at West Baindridge for all points
West. Also close connection at Tallahassee for Jacksonville for all |t
^Trains No 3 and 4 make close connection at West B2inbridge with
tiains East an : West.
R. G. HAItTSFlELD,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Bainbridgd, - - Georgia.
Office Over Bainbridge State Bank.
W. I. GEER,
ATTORNEY- AT-l.A W
Office in Court House.
Colquitt. Georgia.
Do You Need
More Water?
A Chnnure of Front.
Wife—IIow do you like my new hat?
Husband—The idea of paying big
prices for—
Wife—Big prices! Why, I made It
myself.
Husband—Um—yes—er—ns I was
saying the idea of paying big prices j The Hainbric lg C Deep Well &
for such monstrosities as tbe milliners 1 n n . .
are showing! Now, your hat is a work * >um P Co - wl11 contract with cor-
of art. Looks ns If It enme straight . poration, saw null plant, turpen-
from Fnrls. Beautiful, my dearl-Lon- j tine distillers and private parties,
don Telegraph. For Deep Wells and Steam
Pumping Outfits, Wind Mills
D.nimu Experiment. Tanks, etc p rice Low an d sa tis-
A man In Rooks county was kicked i , . ’ . , . , ,
by a mule and knocked unconscious faction guaranteed. Address
while trying to feed his mules In a new j Bainbridge Deep Well
way. He Bays that the first thing he i aND Pump f O
heard when he regained his senses was 1 * "
his wife saying. "Well, I'll thank God
when he can’t find nuy new experi
ments to try on them mules.’’—Kansas
City Journal.
FOR UP-TO-DATE,
NEAT AND PROMPTLY EXECUTED
Job Worl
Bring or send your next order to
The Search Ligl
We have just received a new lot of
The latest face type and also a liii
the best Stationery on the mart
Let us do your next work, you
be pleased.
Forever at Him.
Newitt—Funny! 1 always associate
your wife with a certain episode In my
own life. There’s Just one thing she al
ways reminds me of—
Henpeck—1 wish I could say that.
There's lots of things she always re
minds me of.—Philadelphia Press.
Still In the Family.
Jack—My grandfather had a fine col
lection of silver, which he bequeathed
to my father on condition that It ahou
always remain In the family.
Ethel—Then yon have It still?
Jack—Well—er—my uncle has It
Oa tha Shore.
“How sweet it would be to live alone
with you in yonder lighthouse!” be
whispered, tenderly.
“Yes.” she murmured abstractedly,
“and do light housekeeping.”—Kmart
Bet
Am Soma Others Do.
"They say,” said Willie's mother aa
they were watching the “armless won
der- wind his watch, write his name
and do other remarkable things with
hte toes, “that be can play the plana
but 1 don't see bow.”
“That’s easy, mamma." replied W 11-
Be. -He can play by ear."
To attract attention to| our
property we use this picture.J
The man of large means and
the man of small income are
respectfully invited to read our
list of
ZESea-1 Estate
for sale and exchange. There’s
something on it that will just touch
the fancy of each.
The fact that it is on that list
is proof that it is a bargain.
The small investor is given an
excellent opportunity to make
money.
ALLEN & CO.
STANDING ON HIS MERIT.
Our woikmen don’t consider a
job finished until it can be marked
as “IOO per cent good.”
Short paths to a finish are avoid
ed. There is only one road to
| success—that is by doing all
TINNING WORK
in the best possible manner.
The various branches of our
business are in expert hands
Metal Roofing, Skylights, Ventila
tors, Cornice and Tinware repair*
ing—each has its skilled work
men.
F. A, PRESTO,
Troup St. Bainbridge, Ga.
It consumes time to tellj
insurance, but it pays.
A man’s credit is often
rtit upon the amount of
FIRE INSURANT
he carries. Wholesalers j
like to trust a man that
burned out and then have^
lor a new start.
The cost of protection'
firancial lost is not S re fJ
in and we will tell you all
ALLENi
NOTICE.
TO THE LADIES. The public IS forbif/j
I would like for you to call and see j ameg an( j jr r ank OJ
the lovely new patern hats and pint- ' m i nor war ds, anything m 11
ure hats ji st leoeived. I receive ' or , n my nime , as I will
new bats tw oa a week. I have in aa y dsbtscootracted byt
the long hip, and the low bust corset. anf circumstances.
also new kid gloves with the finger
gust eta, a g eat many notions, ruches
for the neck Jbo
Respectfully,
Mae. Mr J. Rxtnold*
Mbs. M. S.
Subscribe for the Se
i the official organ.