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■r*ff l m*-r -V: -SI -jra>-cirv<r,iiT> t" —*r "■ -*n»* GOHTStY. i; : gpp^ “With a poet’s hanJ.ahdu prophet’s fire, lie struck the wild warMii.;;.. es h: s lyre” IeT?! *' J\,r the Ti■ ■ •;>:■’ Stale Right* .Idcecotr. * t,«©«PTSi thliWil.tA Sr* av/.im: ! A\-.«nk ■ North Garr.lina. awake; Yoo'r “If ip \";t*i Winkle” slumber break, . And one gig ntie effort make, ’i'o set your children free. ine. And Georgia’s sons, you too awake, HMHIT Your liberty t»i...w .it ; M Oppressions shackles from you shake, ■Sta•■»., And never be coereeJ. 3lat. . V,e whoso fathers brtiyidytfniigbi, '■ YVtwn our iibi rly tv is bought, ’ • Arise ! and fight like Patriots ought, In Freedom’s Italy cause. Now methinks, I see you stand, ■§&£ With your fathers stvorda in hand, Dc term’d to die, or free your I md, From Federal Usurpatioie ’Twould belter be, to die as slaves, And be buried ’math live tod, Where y our veteran fatli-.8 trod, Than live arid ho us slates. Ipjs Ouyvarj, to tbo battlefield, EL,. .. , Fil.i.l V h.mi.l ii ad tiller Wild, x With I'ttEtnoM, ’graved oil every siiicdd, EJjj,. You cannot, will not fail- A SOUTHRON. AN OMHASCE to rai.sk a rilvenue tor the year isaa. TflPtil rr ouo.vtxinr r.y Titn Ixtk.vjiax’t am» Com mis- Jfe'ls “mini -'or tui: tov, x oi' MiLLtmucYiLLi:, Titat for the purmi.se of raising a revenue to defray the ex petis.’S incidental totho public, rt giilations and providing t!ie means of paying such expenses as may bo necessary for the general benefit of.said I own for the year 1833, the following rates of taxation bo, ami the same are hereby iffiposrd : On all good -. wares and i-i rehandizc, including med icines, saddles bviuUt and bant’ sn, bools, shoes and clothing, and the material for the fabrication thereof, clocks, u atch >, precious stones and jewelry, held and kept for sale in the Town of Milludgevillc, there shall he paid ti tax of 25 cents for every SIOO, ad valorem. On all houses and Jots, and unimproved lots, in said Town, a tax of 31 i-i cents on every SIOO of value. On all pleasure carriages, or carriages lor the trans portation of persons itffpt and used in said town, a tax of 50 cents per wheel. On every Road \V uggon kept and used, a-lax of 50 cents per w heel. . Oft all two horse waggons, carts and jerseys artax of 37£cctits per wheel, wlictln r said waggons, carts or jer seys be owned by eitjz us of said town, or by persons who are not citizens thereof. On each while male person above 10 and undy 45 years of age, u lav of 'iWo.Dollars as a commutation for road and street fax. On every white an ! male person between tlio ago of IS and iit) \ ears n tax of $1 <K) as a commutation for pa trol duty. Oil all slaves between the age of 10 and ,CO, a pole tax of Abirty-seven and a half cents each. On every’ rontn nr.’ , an.! female person of color, be tween the at; of 15 and (id, a lax of $5,00, and who, shall also comply with the 15th and <loth sections of an ordinance paw .1 on the 24th day of April 1828, for the governin' nt of tho town of Milledgcville. Oh each and every free male and female person of color over Sand under 15 years of ago unless bound out a tax of s2,(it). On all public ferries and lull bridges, Urn landings of vriu A r within the corporate limits of said (own a lax of twenty-five doltars. ()n each practitioner of law or motlieinc, and on each editor til a n-wspaper printed or published in said town a tax of ti re dollars. On each livery stable in which the owner or owners, occupant or occupant - may keep horses to hire, whether fora long or short juried of time a tax of ten dollars. On each tan-yard within the corporate limits of saifl town at; \ of twenty-foe dollars. On each blacksmith’s forge within the said limits, a tax of five dollars. On c v rv thou an 1 bri-ks burnt within the said limits, a tax of twenty cents. On t.U retailers oT spirituous or fermented liquors within the corporate limits of said town of Milledgcville in 1 -s quantities than one gallon, twenty dollars which shall he paid within twenty days from this date, or exe cution to issue tbr the same. • On the hfnoui’.t of all sales at public auction a tax of one percent,on the amount of sales returned under the oath df the Auctioneer. On all goods, ware and merchandize brought withilt the cSrpiratclrmits of said Town for sale at any period be(wee;iniie fi. t of January and the 3lstof December o! the present year a tax of 25 cents, on every hundred dollars ot returned or assessed value thereof, and should any person bringing in goods, wares and merchandize twtywta you, tail ...fuaa t.. ruturii tinea, then and in that event, it shall he the duty of the Secretary of the Board to proceed to have the same assessed as |>ointed out in th • 11i.h section of.an ordinance for the internal government of the town of Millcdgcvillo, pushed the 24th of April, 1-'23. o Provided, tin! nothing h. r-in contained shall be con sidered as applying to goods imported hy regular mer chants of tie town, who are in th e custom of jiaving tax es, or to goods brought in for the purjiose of being sold at fiuc.tujm, but to tlio-e only imported by itinerant tra ders or tinrciianls, w bo- remain in the town but fora short tivic. T. F. 15KEEN, lateiidant. A3Baxl.fi HAMMOND, Secretary .iHWb iyic jiij. ~ “■The price ot Liberty, is eternal vigilance.” f.cv fjituce of Virginia. she House ill IMur.a -, on 1k HtU inst. Jiti.-e rl the follow i)'3 preamble and resolutions,.which wore presented by Mr. Goode, mpa substitute for Vlio.-e of .Hr. Moore. They pn«M>d With one dissenting voice. X\ c have neither tinteors .aec for reßSrks this week. ’l'k~ and i: ral \ cinldy of Virginia, actuated by an nr dent de -ire to preserve the peace and harmony of our common country, relying upon the sense of justice of the people of each and every State ot' litis Union, as a guarantee that their representatives in ( ongress will so modify-ti” !■ usually culled the ’‘Tariff Ln\v -,” that . *f; e J 5- * ,f \ii! u £ r t-o a source of complaint to the pee. ,“f ■■'■! 1 wßeulsr St at. —believing that the people . f U'.;iilt-( ar-aiina aro mistaken in supposing that Congtcps v. ill ftfldrd them no rebel' from the laws .in question, es {■really upon tho auspicious approach of the extinguish, niunt of tho public debt—confident that they are tea strongly attached to the Union of these States to en danger or dissolve it, whilst they have any hope of ob taining the relief which they desire by regular and peaceful measures—persuaded that they will listen wil lingly and respectfully to the voice of 5 irginia, i-.U’ec lionately and earnestly urged, that they would await the result of a concerted and vigorous effort of the friends of union and peacee, to effect a reconciliation of public differences, now unhappily existing—regarding a resort to force on the’part of General Government, or outlie part oftlic Government of South Curolinia, as a measure, which nothing hut extreme necessity can justify or ex cuse in either; but npprcneiisve at the same time that violence may occur, which .nay rAcntuate in consr ijiCenccs that all will drjjlore, unless South Carolina will consent to r scind her late Ordinance,or to sus|)end its operation:— 1- Itetoh and, therefore, by this General Assembly, in the name, and behalf of the people of I irginia, That the competent authorifes of Somh Carolina, he, and they are hereby, earnestly and respectfully reques ted to rescind the Ordinance of their late Convention, or to suspend its operation-, until tiic close of tile first session of tho next Congress. 2. R‘ rolrcd, That tho Congress of thel . S. be, A. they are herclw, earnestly and respectfully requested so to modify the Tariff Laws, cs toeff -t a gradual but early (eduction of the revenue of tlio Genera! Govt rt\jncnt to the necessary ami prop: r cxpcndit’ires thereof. 3. Jlctoleed, Titat tbe pvbple of \ irginia expect, and m the .opinion of tins General Assembly, have a right to expect, that the General Govevnihent, and tlio Gov ernment of Soutfi Carolina,'and all persons acting under the authority of either, will abstain IVotn all acts calcu lated lo disturb the tranquility of the counfry, or end tm gcr the existence of the Union. MEETING OF THE STATE RIGHTS & FREE TRADE PARTY. A Meeting itnparalled for number, patriotism and worth, of the States Right and Free Trade party, was held last night at the Circus. The Public had beenap p/ i. id for come time of this meeting, and a general in vitation was extended to all who felt an interest in the honor of Sontb-Carolina, and a determination to sustain h rin tbe boor of conflict. Accordingly ut an early hour, tlio Circus was filled to overflowing, and from an accurate estimate it is conjectured that there must have been at h ast thr -r thousand persons present. CItAS. COTES WORTH PINCKNEY, Lieutenant Governor of the State, was called to the Chair, and Ai,u\ indi-.k IT. Bwown, Esq._appointcd Secretary. Tho Chairman! ex plained tho object of the meeting, after which Judge Coicock, made an address replete with warm and enthu siastic sentiments of Patriotism, ami concluded by sub mitting the following Resolutions: Whereas, a public manifesto under the style an ! title of a Proclamation by the President of the United Stales,” has been put forth as an authoritative exposi tion of the Constitution of the United States, and the rights, f the States in this Union, and when as, this E iliot of the Executive affirms and expounds, and threat ens to enforce by the sanction of military coercion, the following points of constitutional law, viz : That the Declaration of Independence was made bv the people of thu’fecvcral colonies as one community and not by independent States, each acting by virtue of its own sovereignty, by which one Nation was created, and not a confederacy of sovereign States. That no State can be said to Iso sovereign, whose citi zens owe allegiance to laws not made bv it. That iiie Judiciary in expounding, and the .Executive in executing flic laws of the Union, are the only func tionaries who of right possess the power of finally airtl authoritatively deciding on the constitutionality of these laws, that this right does not belong to a State in the Union, but was virtually surrendered when “ tlio United colon ies” agreed to form a single NATION. That tile “ I .nifed Colonies” having with the other States lo form a single NaTIO.x, no State from that period,’ possess any riglil to secede. “To say that any state may at pleasure secede from the Union, is ta say that the United States are not a Nation, and that se cession, like any other revolutionary right, is only to be justified by the extremity of oppression. That a State having no right to decide in the last re sort, whether the compact itas been pursued or violated, this right.devolving exclusively on tbe department of the Federal Government, tho Executive has tho power to enforce by military coercion, what IIK believes lo be a constitutional law although declared otherwise by a sov. reign Party to tho compact. Ri sohcd, That this nirOting views with equal aston ishment and indignation, tho claims of pouter set forth in tlio foregoing summary, which is a correct rxposi lion of the doctrines contained in the text of the afore said manifesto. Resolved, That the alleged origin of tlie Government of this confederacy, as set forth in the Problama ti'on is historically nature. That hy disingenuous ver bal icfincin- ills, its authentic history h s been perverted lo tho extraordinary purpose of erecting on the ruins of the sovereignty of the several States, a great consolida ted Government “ without limitation of jiowcrs.” Resolved, That it U an unfounded reproach to the memories of the great and immortal spirits who declared our independence, and formed the confederation of I*7o, to say that a consolidated Government was created by them, and not a confederacy of free, sovereign am! independent States. j Resoloed, That the allegation also made in the afore said proclamation, that by the constitution of the United States a similar consolidation of the governments is rati fied, is equally without foundation, as is proved by the sijparatc and distinct capacity in which the States form ed that instrument, assembled in its ratification, and re served to themselves all rights not delelcgated to the General Government. Resolved, That tho separate sovereignty of the States is in no degfoc affected bv their delegating a part of their powers, to beexercisod through a joint agency called 1 the G orernment of the United Slates, whoso laws arc alone supreme and binding on (ho States when made in pursuance of tlte C .institution. \\ e, therefore, utterly deny the llimsy sophism, that a State is not sovc • reign, because i/s citizens aic bound to obey a constitu tional law of tbo United-States made in strict conformi ty with an express power, which in her sovereignty sue'h State has clearly* delegated. Rrsnlrcd, That the claim* which tljp President of tlio United States has set up Hy his previous acts, and the context and t nor of tin-aforesaid proclamation, of b.o ing hiin»e!f tho duahand exclusive Judge of the consti tutional validity of the laws, which he is called upon to execute, coupled with an avowed negation on his part, iff the right of a similar nature', appertaining to a sove reign party to tho compact, not only puts “an inferior de partment of the Government created by the compact above the sorer ign parties to the compact itself,” but stops at nothing, short of concentrating in ihe hands ofa single functionary, the whole [rower of the! nion. Resolred, That we view with abhorrence the direct and immediate corollary flowing from the aforesaid promises in the said Proclamation, to wit : that no state had a right peaceably to secede from this Union. Resolred, That we regard the ulterior right of se cession as inseparable trout the sovereign character ot the parties lo the <■ -,np it t, that no Haim to {icrpetuitv is set up in tlio instrument itself, nor among the enumera ted powers is any power given to the General Govern ment, to coerco a seceding Stalointo the Union. And hence it ceases to be a subject of surprise, that in ex pounding a written instrument in whieii no such power ta found, the President should hare taken refuge in the poor resource of all arbitrary Government, for the* justi fication of this pow< * the stale and dung, rous pretext of stale necessity. Witiithesa viewftand sentiments, wc not only affirm the right of a State peaceably to secede from the Union, should any occasion unhappily arise to require the ex ercisc. of such a right, buLare prepared to peril, it need be,our lives in the assertion of lids claim, so essential to the civil ami political liberty of the .States. Resolved, That if vv’e are.abocked at.tiie principles of arbitrary power, which are avowed in the nforrstu! proclamation we are equally mortified at ihe undignified vituperation and reproach in which the President has been pleased to indulge in the same against a sovereign state in this Union acting through the highest organs ot the constituted authority. Nor are we the less indig nant of the menaces of military coercion by -which alto enforcement of an unjust system ot Governtjient is threatened and which wc tire prepared to meet in a man ner that shall become the high duties we owe to our posterity. Resoldd, That we highly approve the manner with which the legislature ofonr State and its cxocuiivehave rnet the crisis presented by the aforesaid proclamation, and have every reason to feel a just pride in ti e lofty ~|>irit oT the people of onr state, who are prepared with united hearts at.d strong arms, to fly to her standard, in vindication of her dearest rights and liberties. Resolred, That thew whole Statu. Rights and Free Trade. Parly cf Charleston w ill volunteer eti masse to the Governor and that four c.tizens from gacit ward and six from the neck to be nominated by the chair to receive tl.eir enrolment, that tlx / may be organized and arran ged to such Uniform and Lent companies as may suit their several inclinations, locality and convenience. Resolred, That we. have seen with the most lively satisfaction the patriotic spirit which has impelled Ihecitiz- ns of the country parishes composing this dis trict, to organize volunteer troops of moulded gunmen,; for the purpose of repairing to this city in the case trie - public liberties of our eorm’-y should be daringly assail- i ed, and wc oxhoft.oiir fid lev citizens to persevere in these public, spirited < fi'-rts. Resolved, That this meeting has viewed with indig nation the concentration hy die government of tho Uni ted States of military.aml natal-forces in this harbor and on tho frontiers of Roulh Carolina, such concentration being uncalled for by any public exigency, and if inten ded to control public opinion by appealing to our fears oi to carry into effect the Proclamation of the President wc must regard it as an impotent attempt to accomplish a most unwarrantable purpose by unlawful means,an at temjit which could only have originated in a total igno rance of the true character and condition of our citizens, whose past history lias shewn,’that while they may lie conciliated by kindness, they cannot be driven from their purpo . s !>y threats. - , Re solved, That although wc have felt it lobe a sa cred duty to manifest these determinations au.l to ex press these sentiments, we have nevertheless seen with lively satisfaction, not oniy, the indications of a benefi cial modification of the TarifFbut tiio expression of sen titncnfigjfl both branches of Congress ns well as in oth er quarters, nuspici«t:s to the pence and harmony of tbe Union, and that tltrse indications shall bo tne| by cor responding disposi'ions on our part—it is hereby de clared that it is the sense of this meeting that pending tlte process of the measures here alluded to, all occasion of collision between the Federal and State authorities should be Sedulously avoided on both sides in the hope that the painful controversy in which South Carolina is now engaged, -tm.’ be thereby satisfactorily adjusted, and the Union of these States, he established on a sttre foundation. Resolved, Should these expectations which wc sin cerely and patriotically cherish, be disappointed, and tile State lie left no other resource but m a firm reliance on her own sovereignty, w c mutually pledge ourselves to each other and our country to sustain tho Ordinance of her Convention, the Laws made inconsequence there of, and our constituted authorities, bo tlio buzzards what they may- And in order that our citizens may lie hiehlcd from tlio payment of the protecting duties im posed by the acts of Congjcss, pronounced by tho Con vention ofthe people ofSoiilli Carolina, unconstitutional, null, and void, the Chatruftn of this Meeting is hereby requested and authorised/ to nominate and associate with himself, three commissioners, to open a correspon dence with tlio citizens if the different Districts and Parishes in this fflatc, for Ihe purpose of organizing and farming a Free Tradc*[m;>brting Company, in order that if practicable, the whole of.tljd articles of foreign mer ehfimlize consumed by the people of this State, may hereafter lie imported, free from the odious and uncon stitutional tribute which we have hitherto paid. Resolved, That vvhiie this rneetingsees with satisfac tion from the President’s recent Message to Congress, that he now acknowledge s, that under the existing laws an J constitution of the U ruled States, lie has no right to resort to military force, for the purjiose of coercing the nute, and .of enforcing within their limits, those act£ which have been pronouneed l*v her canveutioft to be “unconstitutional, void and no law.” Yet we cannot avoid tbe expression of our regret at the reiteration by tlio President, if tlir imputation upon our citizens and constituted authorities ot a design to lew war, or com mit some act of outrage against the United States.— When all our mca.urca as well as ftur jvublic declara lions have manifested a determination not to resort to force, except ihcstme should become absolutely neces sarv in self-defence to repel invasion, nr to maintain within our own limits, the authorities, rights and liber ties, appertaining ta the people ofSoutlft Carolina, as u. Sovereign Slate. Resolved, That vve should regard the conferring by Congress upon the President, ot tlio extraordinary pow ers demanded in his recent message as a gross ami |<al p.ahle violation of t lie Ci« astitution ofthe United States, as investing the Chi t Magistrate o. ♦pis Confederacy with Dictatorial powers, and giving to the-Executive to a certain extent, an ahschitocontrol over the lives, lib erties and property of the jieojile. Resulted, That the jvroposi lions made l>y the Presi dent. to supersede the jurisdiction ofthe courts of this > : !nto, ovt r our own citizeus-in eases arising under her Ordinance and Laws, and giving to tho Federal courts an absolute control over the Judicial tribunals of the State, would if carried into effect, be utterly subvershe not only of Lie right of but of every prmci ; it ot civil and political liberty.' and if submitted to, would establish ainbupt us a foreign judicature having cognizance of our ov.fi .State Laws andtgivitig judgment in cases arising beta/cn our own citizens, contrary to ,th<* whole form and s/ructtire of our Government, and in manifest violation cf the constitution, both of this State and the United Stat .fi. Resolred, That / iiile we cannot submit to the impu tation of having acred rashly or unwarrantably in adop ting measures of defence in reference loa system against which .South Carolina hasten in vain [>rotesiing/or up wards often years, we deem it proper once more so lemnly and public|v' to disclaim all the objects which have been imputai to us, save only that of relieving ourselves from the operation of a system which we be iieve (in the strong language once held by our political ojiporipiits themselves) pv lie “utterly tin constitutional, grossly unequal ami oppressive and such an abuse of power as is incompatible with the principles of a free Government, and the great endsof civil society,” and tvhich we still believe must if persevcied in, reduce this fertile State to poverty .and uttei desolation and her citi zens to a condition of colonial vassalage. Resolred, Titat the Executive Committee of thirteen of the fatal • Rights and Free Trade Parly be revived, and that they be authorised and requested to take the proper mensures,that t! w hole Party in th Parishes of i. Philip and fit. .I, may lie organ!m-d in such m inner as w.ten cun-.bi.pon to am p. .ce . -. v iu our ci vil capacity ascit n tho civil Juthoruii -of our State, | it may be done with ah poesible.pronui(itube,cuci-rv and effect. ’ ' “High, low, Jack & the game/'—Hat'Georgia bullied the General Government, or has the .. resi dent wheedled Georgia? What powerful incanta tion haS tranquilizer! the restive spirits ol the mcar cera’ed missionaries, atjdliy what process have they Pec n metainor; liw (1 from bigotted be!.."v •r in I*ede ral supremacy, into the mildest and most aubmissive ol' martyrs 1 ' A little light could probgbl v be thrown on tliis subject by a lew cross questions being put to Messrs. Wayne and Fobsytu— No doubt Genova Jackson’s invention ha? discovered that by macad amizing the polities of Georgia, he can pass oyer her soil, without let or hindrance to crush th 6 JN ul li/icrs of South-Carolina. We shall see. f Wirtffaie Intelligencer. Extracts from t!se I’roUdcsit's .ifcssaje. Bv these various proceedings, therefore, the State of South Carolina lms forced the General Govern ment, unavoidably, to decide the new’ and dangerous alternative of permitting a State to obstruct the exe cution of the laws within its limits, or seeing it at tempt to execute a thread ofwithdrawing li om tiie Union. That portion of the people at present ex ercising the authority of the State solemnly assert their right to do- eitheii and solemnly announces, their determination to do one or the other. In mv opinion both purposes are to he regarded as revolutionary m their character and tendency, and subversive of the supremacy of the laws and ot the integrity of the Union. The result of each is the saiye: since a State in which, by an usurpation of power, the constitutional authority of the Federal Government is openly defied and set aside, wants only the Ibrm, to be independent of the Union. The right of the people of a single State to ab solve themselves at will, and without the consent of the other States, from their most solemn obligations, and hazard the liberties and happiness of the mil lions composing this Union, cannot be acknowledg ed. Such - authority is believed to be utterly ropug : nant .both to the principles upon which the general government is constituted and to tiie objects which it was expressly formed to attain. Against all acts which may be alleged to trans- cend the constitutional power of Government, or which may be inconvenient or oppressive in their operation, the Constitution itself lias prescribed the modes of redress. It is the acknowledged attribute of free institutions, that, under them, the empire ql reason and law is substituted for the power of the sword. To no other source can appeals for suppos ed wrongs be made consistently with the obligations ol South Carolina; to no other can such appeals be made with safety at any time; and to their decisions, when contitutionally pronounced, it becomes the duty no less of the public authorities than of the peo ple, in every case, to yield a patriotic submission. That a State or any Other great portion of the people, suffering under long and intolerable oppres sion, and having tried till constitutional remedies without the hope of redress, may have a natural right, when.their happiness cannot lie-otherwise se cured and when they can do so without greater inju ry tqpthers, to absolve themselves from their obliga tion to the Government and appeal to the last resort, needs not, on the present occasion, be denied. The existence of this right, however, must depend upon the causes which may justify its exercise, ll is the ultima ratio, which presupposes that the pro - per appeals to all other means of redress have been made in good faith, and which can never he right fully resorted, to, unless it be unavoidable. It is not the right of the State, but of the individual, and of all the individuals in the State. It is the right of mankind, generally-, to secure, by all means in their power, the blessings-of liberty and lie ppinc.-ss; but when, for these purposes, any body of men have voluntarily associated themselves under a particu lar form of government, no portion of them can dis solve the association without acknowledging the co-relative right in the remainder to decide whether that dissolution can be permitted, consistently with the general happiness. In this view, it is a right de pendent. upon the power to enforce it. Such a right, though it may he admitted to pre-exist, and cannot lie whnly surrendered, is necessarily subjected to limitations in all free governments, and in compacts of all kinds lrocly and voluntarily entered into, and “in which the interest and welfare of the individual becomes identified with those of the community of which he is a member. In compacts between indi viduals; however deeply they may affect their rela tions, these principles are acknowledged to create a sacred obligation; and?in compacts of civil govern- ments, involving the liberties and happiness of mil lions of mankind, the obligation cannot be less. ■ Without adverting to the particular theories to which the federal compact has given rise—both as to its formation and the parties to it,—and w ithout inquiring whether it be merely federal, or social, or national it is sufficient that it must be admitted to be a compact, and to possess the obligations incident to a compact; to boa compact by which power is created on the one hand, and obedience exacted on the other;?, compact freely, voluntarily, and solemnly entered into by the several States and ratified by the people thereof respectively; a compact by which the several States and the people thereof respective ly have bound themselves to each other and to the federal government,and by which the federal gov't, is bound to the several States and to every citizen of the United States. To this-oompaot,—in whatever mode it may have been done, —the people of South Carolina have freely and voluntarily given their as sent, and to the whole and every part of it they are, upon every principle of good faith, inviolably bound. Under tliis obligation, they arc bound, and should b£ required, to contribute their portion of the public expense, and to submit to all laws made bv the com lnon consent, in pursuance of the Constitution, for die common defence and generAl welfare, until they can be ciianged in the mode which the compact has provided for the attainment ol.those great ends of the Government ami of the Union. 'Nothin v less than causes which would justify revolutionary rem edy can resolve the people i'roiy this obligation; by which, under the compact, it is bound to the other States and to every citizen of the United States. These deductions plainly flow from the nature of the federal compact, which is one of limitations, not, only upon the powers originally possessed by the parties thereto, but also upon those conferred o’n the Government and every department thereof. It will lie freely conceded, that by the principles ofour sys tem all power is vested in the people, hut to be <'x ercised in the mode, anti subject to the cheeks wdiieli Hie people themselves have proscribed. These chocks are undoubtedly, on different mollifications ol the same /treat popular principle which lies at the foundation of the whole, but are not, on that account, to lie less regarded or less obligatory. I pen the powers of Congress, die vetoofthc In centive, and the authority of the Judiciary which is 7 ’ I 7 U r■ IO ’• 11 casos u ‘ l , ;uv equity arising un uei the Constitution and laws of the United States made m pursuance thereof.” are the obvious checks; and the sound action of public opinion, with th c u t timate jiower of amendment, are the salutar- a . i only limitations upon the powers of the whole/ M However it may be alleged that a violation' of th compact by thc measures of the Government ran ■ r feet the obligations of thc parties, it cannot even {*' • pretended that such violation can he predicate ! f those mi astute's until all the rbtwtit.ffiohn! rrrprfo shall have been fully tried. If the Federal Gove ** meat exercise powers not warranted by th e CunU ■ tution,.and immediately affecting individuals. 7■ i scarcely be denied that thc proper remedy'is a / ’ course to the Judiciary. Such undoubtedly is 7" remedy for those who deem the acts of Goner>7 laying’duties on imports and providing for their cos lection to be unconstitutional. The whole operation "f such laws is upon the individuals importing the mcr chandizc: a State is absolutely prohibited from liv - ing i nposts or duties on inijiosts or exports,witho » the consent of Congress, and cannot become a party" under tligse laws without importing in her owii name, or wrongfully interposing her iptftcg'fv a gainst tnem. by thus interposing, however, die car nut rightfully obstruct the operation of the laws ■ " on individuals. For their disobedience to or viola* tion of the laws, thc ordinary remedies throunh the judicial tribunals would remain. And, in case wU™ an individual should be prosecuted for anv offeree against the laws, he could not set up, in justification of his act, n law of a State, which being unconstitr tional, would therefore he regarded as null and void The law of a Stale cannot authorize tlie"ep!nmi s^,ra of a crime against the United States or Iny other act w hich, according to the supreme laws of !h - Union, would be otherwise unlawful; And it iseouul ly clear, that, if there be any case in w hich a Sam as such, is affected by the law beyond the scope of judicial power, the remedy consists in appeals to tL people either to aflect a change in tiie representation or to procure, relief by nn amendment of the Consti tution. But the measures of the Government arc to be recognized as valid, and consequently supreme until these remedies shall have been cftcctnaHv tri ed: and any attempt to subvert those measures or t , render the laws subordinate to State authority, and’ afterwards to resort to constitutional redress, is worse than evasive. It would not be a pfoper rej sistance to “a Government of.unlimitcd powers”—ij has been sometimes pretended,—but unlawfuloppo-ij sition to the very limitations on which tho hariixjJ nious action of Government and all its parts, ahsof lutelv depends. South Carolina has appealed il none of these remedies, but incited, has defied them all. While threatening to separate from the Uni® if any attempt be made to enforce the revenue lavs: otherwise than through the-civil tribunals of tie] country, she has not only not appealed in her os-pi name to those tribunals which tiie Constitution tasj provided for all cases in law or equity arising unocr the Constitution and laws of the United States, Inti has endeavored to frustrate tlfeir proper action ® her citizens, by drawing the cognizance of eases al der tho revenue laws to her own tribunals, specials prepared and fitted- for the purpose of euforetnalfl acts passed by the (State to obstruct those laws, aol botli Judges and jurors of which will be bound by ti import of-oaths previously taken to treat the Const! till ion and laws of the U. States irr tills respect as; nullity. Nor lias the State made the projior a- peq to public opinion and to the remedy of amendment For, w ithout waiting to learn w hether the othe States will consent to a Convention, or if they dj will construe or amend the Constitution to suit lie views, she has of her own authority altered the in» port ot that instrument and given immediate effect# thc change. In’fino, she has set her own will -m authority above the laws, has made herself arbifei in her own case, and has passed at once oyer all iff termodiato stops to measure of avowed reststahjj which, unless they- be submitted to, can be enfnrdi only-by the sword. ..-.puis In deciding upon the course which a high sense-1 duty to all the people of tiie United States iittpol upon the authority of the Union, in this emergen# it cannot be overlooked that there is no sufficis cause for tiie acts of S. Carolina, or for her thus gj cing in jeopardy the liappinesf of so many milliij of people. Misrule and oppression, to-warrant ■ disruption of (he free institutions of the union of thil Slates, should be great and lasting,—defying I qtlier remeuv. For causes of minor character, tij Government could not submit to such a citastrop| without a violation of its most sacred obligations Ihe other States of the Union, who have submits their destiny to its hands. There is, in the present instance, no such cat;® either in the degree of misrule or oppression col plained of, or in the hopelessness of redress by cis stitutionhl means. The long sanction they have * ceivc-d from the proper authorities and from the pe pie, rot less than the unexampled growth and i creasing prosperity of so many millions of freeing attest that no such oppression as would justify, < even palliate such a resort, can he justly imputed e ther to thc present policy- or past measures oft! Federal Government. The same mode of colie® ing duties a.nd for the same general objects, whit began with the foundation of the Government, at which has conducted the country through its subs quent steps to its present enviable condition of !wf piness and renown, has not been changed. Tat •tion and representation thc great principle ot tit American liev<iluiion—have continually gone ha# in band; and at all times, and in every instance, 1 tax ot any kind has been imposed without thepartij ipation, and in some instances which have been cob plained ot, with the express assent of a part of ti UepreScntativos of South Carolina in the councils] ' the Government. Up to the present period, no rrt e.iue has been raised beyond ihe necessary'wantsa Ihe country, and tiie authorized expenditures of ffl Government. As soon as the Imrthern of the ptf lie debt is rein ived, those charged with the admins tration have promptly recommended a correspond ing redupiion of revenue. * It U V Against su-h a force as the Sheriffmay, and whij by the replevin act of South Carolina, it is his dul to exercise, it capnot he expected that a coiled! can retain his custody with the aid of the inspected In such case, it is true, it w-ould be competent toj® stitute suits in the United States Courts again! those engaged in the unlawful proceeding: or tap property might be seized for a violationdie rev enue laws, and being libelled in the proper court* an order might be made for its re-delivery, vmC“ would be committed to the Marshal, for execauon. Hut in that vase the lth section of the act, in bnj* 1 and unqualified terms, makes it . therduty of the nil -to prevent sucli re capture or seizure, or to re-UJ liver the goods, as the case, may he," even “UWj any pro.-; oi d--r or decrees, or other pretest Wj trary to the inte fntent and meaning ol'the 1 a nee fif>rc-.iid.” it is thus made w duty of wj Mienil t > oj.ji,, ■ the process of the Cnorft PI l niied Stan . and. tor that purpose, if uiipto , the whole power of UiO couiitrv: aod “j cvpio .ly n • rves to liim all power, ’which irtFf