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STATE vl;i. i '"far. —■ Tllfl STATE PRESS ; Wil B( PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY 1 ■ by ; ' Wlji c. ROWLAND, Proprietor; t E- < & A. M. ROWLAND, Editors. j ~~1 * I SUBNCRIPTION: T*»» hili n ] K>r Mn nnni in advance, or Thnx I)<>1 ( Jars at us the year. t ADVERTISING S Dno M«r per Square for the first insertion and < l ifty cc«, f nr subsequent insertion. Lberal 1 4,rrßl, g’ ! i' , nts’viliAir made with thosewhoadveti.se 1 by the y«y. < JOB WORK. llavin | np . r beaujifal supply of job typ< and ' ’one <»f tirdon’g Celebrated Power Presses, w« are * anv kind of work in this linewith i neatness and dispatch, at moderate pares. , Mr the State Pi ROSE Hl; CEMETERY BANKS OF OCMULSEE 1 RIVER. I. At quiet re J ought thy murmuring tide, , «« A s " » hifion from the haunts of men, liV.e not < f Autunm bird ami humming I vied . I In vaiio rul< the silence of that glen. It. « < 1 he settii min, in l»e:uns of golden hue. Bathedir and earth and tree and flower And U'atc gUmiing bright as silver dew, r ** Halloed Memories" nf that pensive hour. < in. Near bye, t e h dished marble marks the spot. Where lit « tombed the purest of her race, Undying hi . (g vain would cheer her lot, < AS ith Idotd ng rose and shrub to hedge the 1 place.* i I IV. There others 4]]! the heaving earth around, ( Alone al es the mouldering ones unseen, i Sweet Natrcm her richest love has crowned. 1 1 heir grave.* i ith velvet sod of venhire green. v. ( livre men—vhose schomeing brain sought ; ’round the world— To add toliolir—wealth untold before— Sleep gently n<»v —as rests the rustic down. I hose wantsne'vr wandered from his co - ’ tagu door. vi. Aoung maidens *:4r, with hearts by sin un stained. Have faded her a buried ami «con no more. They lived and yetMj aped a life of pain. lheir barks wcrlfrvighted for a brighter -hore. -r y’- Ih r* prattling hildbil from play It's toys unused—lAiotheA fondling lu re No soothing s».:ig to the weary day But silent sleeps iq n its infant bier. * livre weary age with i-Arnbling footsteps tind> Sure refuge from tin id- ami pains of life. And active manhood ’!•«( d in all its prime, Succumbs—ami buwu to death s unequal strife. IX. I No public plaudits shall <• |itv bis heart. < >r rouse thedulncx of tyti sleeping ear. N<» more >hall martial thrill impart. Or sorrow claim from hii the manly tear. x. No more shall maiden bow atiFashioifs shrine. Or weave fair garlands for jer waving hair. Or turn in giddy dance—ordain her thine— For death now claimsits lovely victim there. XI. Thus youth, and manhood, age, ami maiden bloom. Sleep quiet here—alone—unbroke their rest— Though storms may wildly howl in midnight gloom. Or evening sunsets sink in glowing west. A. M. S. * The beautiful marble shaft erected to the memo ry of Mi*s Kate Seymour, on the banks of the river. i« here alluded to. From the Virginia Sentinel. A REMINISENCE CLAY AND CALHOUN. Dm Henry Clay Swear? —A New V»rk jrorrespondent of the Charleston Mercury. V} making of Harper'* Magazine for April, says: “I note in the Editor's Drawer, among a variety of interesting anecdotes, one of a pas sage between Mr. Clay and Calhoun, in which a little verbal inaccuracy occurs, which some what lessens thd effect of the latter's retort. — When Mr. Clay said, ‘‘The gentleman has Fine over to the enemy." he continued ; “ and leave it to time to diecloee hi* motifs. ’ the -answer of Mr. Calhoun, as we remembered it. wis •• Unfortunately lor the Senator of Ken tucky. when he went over to the enemy, he <&] f,ff t leave it to time t«» disclose Aia mo tive." 1“ l*he impulsive speech of Mr. Clay, on re ceiving this retort, has been omitted by the aditor. lie said. *otto rose. but sufficiently loud fur those iinjitedlnudy af>oui him, striking his bosom at the same time. “ A clear hit. by —lt was, indeed one of the most exquisite <>f retorts—the more happy, as so prompt, so (Wan. so entirely w ithin the parliinenury pro prieties—nothing coarse, rude, vulgar—-but a SefuHka ust of his polished rapier, casting oil “nemy's foil, and following up the advan by a direci trust into the boiom. io writer of these lines, then a youth, had privilege of hearing, in 17 : <7, ,the debate rred to in the abuve;—and it has ever since been one of the most vivid recollection.". Toi ardent and inexperivncc<l tbm to realize how men could hold opinions contrary to those liv had been taught to consider as orthodox, Henry Clay was to him the impels»nati<»n of evil. And John C, Calhauq. jusf then coining Again to the Democratic party, on the sub treasury question, he had long since seen pin canted in Blair's paja-r, the Washington Glol*. la which all goo<l Democrats wepe then ex i r ted to square their f#i<b as John Cataline Calhoun. Such were the preconceived prviu d’K'-s with which the writer listened to that r-i arkable debate between these two orator At t« exclusion his prejudices were l ronc th. winds, and he ti |t a thrill of pride that the . acils of his country wvre }U ‘‘ r od by such brilliant gemases and mug’- 1 : men. , he struggle tietween the two champion .no holyday pantime. '1 he blows .rhnr-j wer» Hiich a* » % • content w:w like Hint <le«el-il>e<l by Milton Ik twwn the siqierhiinian spirits, who plucked np hills for missiles, but found even such weapons unavailing. Mr. Clay left otf, in a speech we thought must inevitably crush Mr. Calhoun.— He spoke of the contest which for years, Mr. Calhoun and himself had side by side been waging against the “usurpation.'’ of that ex traordinary num General Jackson. He told how the “boding fancies,” of my ‘quondam friend' could, in the various stages of that struggle, see nothing but gloom in the future — nothing but tremendous and fastcoming disas ters to the country. The blows which lie struck weri in consequence, given with the energy of dispair. rather than the animation of ho|>e. ile, Mr. Clay, had preferred to look upon the brightest side ot things. He had even sorfidit in their many interviews and con- ‘ saltations, to administer comfort to his gallant comrade in arms—but like Rachael of old. he refused to be comforted. Kind fortunes, how ever. had smiled upon their good cause. The battle was bravely fought, victory was already won. and was in their grasp. The patriotic heart was lieating high: rejoicing began to swell np all over the land. The consumma tion long labored for had been almost readied. Executive usurpation was under the frown of an indignant people—and the country was al most safe. Where now was his gallant friend from South Carolina ? Where was he in this mo ment of triumph, when a few more brave ef forts would have finished the work in which for years he had lieen toiling t Was he ex changing congratulations with his comrades? Was he cheering on his followers ( Alas! no. Instead of the proud battlecry which he was wont to utter suddenly he sounded a retreat! . In that suspicious, that long prayed for, that critical moment, he called to his legions, and hade them retreat from the field I Aye, more; —he hade them to follow him to the enemy ! He, Mr. Clay, heard the news with deep alarm. He knew the commanding and the deserved infiueiiceof tliegentlcinan. He knew the multitudes that followed him as faithfully, ns clan ever followed cheittain, and he trem bled lest the weakened ranks of the Whig ar my. should no longer lie aide to cope with the disciplined am! streiigthed forces of the Ad ministration. He had waited therefore with much anxiety to see the extent of the defection. The rolling of the retreat-drum finally ceased; ' —the dust raised by the retiring squadrons cleared away—the company led otf by the gentleman from South Carolina. liecame visi ble. *’ He himself, sir, constituted horse, foot, and dragoon! In the language of bis late principal opponent but now bis most distin gnisheil idly, (Col. Henton) “he went over and alone!” Ile went over. sir. and left it to posterity to discover his motives.” Mr. ( lay then took up Mr. Calhoun's Edge- Rill letter, wherein he assigned the reason tor change of party relations; one of which was that none of the advantages of victory to the Whigs, would insure to the benefit of (In states Rights wing of the alliance. Mr. Clay ha-1 thought, he said, that the senator had been actuated by a pure patriotism, that look ed only to the averting of great evils to the country, and not to the of e-rtg'-r-r / th "fruits of victor? ' " It bad ben !e!i to tla : gentleman in the face of all his loftiy pro testations to proclaim a motive of which oth erwise he would never have dared to suspect him. Mr. Clay spoke at so much length, am] with great lieliberation throughout. His deep sono rous voice rang thorough the Senate chamber; not a whisper was lost. Minh of the time w hile speaking h.< leaned against the partition the Hall from the lobby—ami often he would walk some distance from his desk to help himself to a pinch of snulf from some sen ator’s box. When he introduced any printed extracts into his remarks, he would call upon his colleague Mr. Crittenden, to relieve him by reading it. Commamling in his appearance Throughout, bis dignity approached the sublime vhcii describing the warfare which had been raged u|H>n himself. After giving a narative >f the earlier differences, and their adjustment, etween Gen. Jackson and himself, he told of -.lie last final dislike w hich Gen. Jackson bad I meeived of him, growing chiefly out of the discovery that he, Mr. Clay, could not be ca j -lk-d or used for J.'spurposes. "Then it w as,” s.id Mr. Clay, that they let loose their d-o-g-s ram me! But though for twenty years the rar has been unceasing I yet stand here this .hr, wnawud, valient, unUrrijitd As he p-ononneed the last three words, it is inipos <blc to conceive a nobler figure or prouder Irtring than that presented by his tall, manly ti rm. erect even beyond the perpendicular; a d his lofty, defiant crest. While Mr. Clay was speaking. Mr. Calhoun w generally in motion —walking much of tie time in the lobby in the rear of the pre siding officer's chair. lie listened attentively, Ist did not interrupt the speaker. When Mr. Cisy concluded the Senate ad journed. Tw o weeks afterwards Mr. Calhoun replied. Hi had studied and arranged bis argument; an! his pathway was a stream of light. He review ed bis political career: showed how the charges of inconsistency—brought against liini by weak minds, grew in fact, out of his very incoi sisteney—a consistency w hich would abatdon party before principle. He said he 1,111 always lieen ready to eo-operatc with th'-e w ho would act with him. in achieving a pthik- good: that such an object was only biri of party union which he recognized; tier with this view he had co-o|>erated w ith ; the whigs. the majority of whom he disagrees! on (Biport.-mt politii-al questions for tl.e pur pi>s-of breaking down the dangerous usurpa tion of executive power. That object was nov accomplished, and the alliance ended with its arposc. Further co-o|<erations w ith the U’l g'. would by placing them in power, in sta!frineiplus to which he had ever bun op po.« for the State Rights portion of the Whigs, bei< the we- ker wing, could not expect the ad iotages of victory to inure to the benefit of tint principles. This was w hat he meant by tlu reinark in which the Senator, prompted frul within sees a longing after the vile spoils of iftii-e, instead of laudable patriotic senti meitl >r. Calhonn next explained his connection win the sub-trea“'iry system. He showed that he ad always favored it as the true, eonstitu- ■ lioiJ expedient; that when Gen. Jackson had reci»mended the system of deposits in the <-u0 Banka, lie. with alsmt thirty other Con i' gre«B>eii. bad advia-aUsl the bmb-treaatiry in ■ prefefeuee. The State‘Banks bad sima- lieen trick «'>■! the result was such, that the very pai'v which then advocated that system, and deiouneed him for opposing it, now renounce it tiemaelves and recommend the suli-yeasury . „ h-mc as a substitute, Was he therefore to alundon a muaaiire whieli he had always ad visrfed ? Was he to rejec t the aid now protfer ,d/ Ua> he to quit his own g.oiim} because , tin-*- who had opposed him have found out tlu-r mistake and came to his side ? "as he thm to make war against a correct principle ? such a Cour*.- might suit the mere unsenmnlons pare man, but it did not liecome an honest statesman. It might comport with Mr. Clays Jus. of public chits. but it did not suit him. || ; ,Tin i . concluded his defence. In- pointcsl it . pm- --Si-irthe arrow of calumny which 111 cam- refur-w ■— maiMniHi —. JIACifN. (i.L, Till IMIAY. OCTOBER 22. 1857. the Senator lias hurled at me. falls harmless at my feet. I it in the dust with s-r-o-r-n-.' i I do more. I pick it up. I hurl it Imrk!—' What the Senator charges me with, he himself has been guilty of. //< once “went over" on a memorable occasion—but did not leave it to posterity to discover his motives." Mr. Calhoun, w hile speaking maintained a ! stem attitude, and stood in the aisle by the side of his desk. His gesture was short and nervous, and chiefly w ith the right hand. His articulation was rapid, but not so much so as to be at all indistinct, as we bad been led to expect. His pronunciation of some w ords was faulty; •‘point," for example, he pronounced “pint.” His keen eye was unwaveringly fast ened upon Mr. Clay, w ho sat on the opposite side of the Chamber, and to him rather than to ’ the Speaker of the Senate he addressed all his remarks. Between Mr. Caihoun's nervous flashing, eleetric oratory, and the ealm magnificence of Mr. Clay's elocution, the difference was as great as that between the flow of Niagara and that of the Amazon; but each had its power ful charm, and no listener could wish that either was other than what it was. To Mr. Clay one listened with loss fatigue ; —lie would be delighted indeed w ith magnificent bursts, and charmed with the witchery of voice and action, but never taxed above his strength.— He was conducted by a path which led to pleas ant prospects, and wound amid shades and water falls. Mr. Calhoun's hearers was com pelled to share Ids excitement —to get so to >peak. into the same electrical state. And the path which the orator marked out. though bright w ith a singularly lucid logic, yet led di rectly on. and was so rapidly traversed that who would accompany him had not the time, any more than the inclination, to loiter, and would not be conscious until the close, how his power- w ould have been tasked. Listening to Mr. Calhonn was quick step marching, to the music of the bugle and drum. While Mr. Calhoun w as delivering his speech Mr. ( lay sat at bi< desk, mid wore an easy, careless air ; occasionally conversing with those around him, and listening w ithvut seeming to 'listen. But it was plain to a careful observer that unconcern was only assumed and profes sional ; for w hen some shaft was hurled, keen er than the rest, of that unceasing volley sped against him by the unerring and giant arm of his antagonist, the veil of diflerence was too thin to eonecal the sensibility which showed that it found its mark. When Mr. Calhoun uttered the retort above quoted his attitude and bearing were a study lor an artist. The curling ,lip and the scowl ing countenance gave expression to a contempt uous disdain which he could not utter nor we describe a> he stamped "into the dust with x-r-o-r-u" the imaginary arrow of calumny which Mr. Clay had shot at him, but which had spent itself in its flight. And as he suit ; ed the action to the word the dust rose from the floor, ami the Senate chamber rang beneath the fierce energy of his tread. Thenw henhe “ picked it up" and " hurled it back” with a gesture equally vigorous and appropriate to that action, one could almost see the poisoned niissle as it flew back to its source. If Mr. Clay had been clothed in armor of Arab, the shaft w ould Lave found a joint through w If i li to enter. He quivered as he felt the -mart mid the shock; but we do no not think he made the exclamation attributable to him in the para graph quoted at the head of this sketch. We nt lea-t heard and saw nothing of it. He seiz ed his pen—a pi n w ith a long and apparently untrinied top —and commenced writing us if taking notes. This was perhaps an artifice—if so. it was not skillfully, because too, suddenly, done.— Perhaps it was an unconscious act. As he wrote, the large play of the upper end of his quill indieatiil that he might be loosely scrib bling so to speak, rather than noting down the words which were burning into his fle-h. and which no note w as necessary to fa-ten for ever in his memory. When Mr. Calhoun concluded. Mr. Clay im mediately rejoined, ile rose under an excite ment. such as hi- had at no time manifested in his first speech, like a stalwart warrior not weakened or dismayed, but goaded ami smart ing from wounds, which he has now permitted to avenge. He commenced by «aying that when he was assailed—when his career was called under review—it did not take, him two or three w eeks, of long searches and midnight toil to prepare his defence. He stood ever ready, arrayed as he w as in the panoply of con scious integrity, to vindicate his fair name against all assault from whatever quarter. He I continued in a speech, the conclusion of which we were not privileged to hear, but w hicli gave great satisfaction to his admirers. JEFFERSON'S PORTRAIT OF WASHINGTON. The subjoined -ketch of tin- life, character and services of Washington, is from the pen of Mr. Jefferson, and is to be found in a letter of his to I>r. Walter Sones, dated at Monticello, Jan. 2. 1814. It is a powerfully drawn picture, ami being entirely free from fulsome jieuegyric. or attempt at exaggeration, we commend it to the careful attention of our readers, as embod ying in a short space all that need be said of that great and good man. It is written in the concise and vigorous style for wliicli its illustri ous author was so remarkable, and is worthy of la-ing treasured in the memory of every admi rer ot the "Father of his country,” or the im mortal writer and signer of the ileclaration of IndejieildctK-C : "I think I knew G-n. Washington intimately and thoroughly ; and were 1 called on to delin eate his character, it should be in terms like | t hese : “Hi-mind was great and powerful, w ithout being of the very first order; his penetration strong, though not so acute us that of a New ton. Bacon or Locke ; and. as far as he saw. no judgment was ever sounder. It was slow in operation, living little aided by invention or im agination. but sun- in conclusion. Hem e the I’ommiin.remark of his officers, of the advantage he derived from councils of war, where, hearing all suggestions, he selected w hatever wa- bi-t, and certainly no General ever planned hi- battles more judiciously. But if deranged during the course of the action, if any member of hi-plan was distracted by sud den c-rcuni-tances. he was slow' in a re-adju.-t --’ ment. The consequence was that he often tail ed in the field, and rarely- against an enemy in -tatinn. as at Boston and New York. He was incapable of fear, meeting personal flangers with the calmest unconcern. Perhaps the strongest feature in his charac ter was prudence, never acting untill every circumstance, every consideration, was maturely weighed ; refraining if he saw a doubt, but w hen once decided, going through with hiapurpose, w hatever obstacles iqiposed. His integrity was most pure, his justice the most inflexible I have ever known; no motives of interest or consan guinity. of friendship or hatred being able to bias his decision. He w as. indeed, in every sense of the word, a wise.agood. and a great man. His temper was naturally irritable and high- < toned: but reflection and resolution had ob tained a firm and habitual ascendancy over it. If ever, however, it broke its bounds, he was most tremendous in his wrath. In his exjienscs he w as honorable, but exact; liberal in contributions promised utility, but frowning and unyielding on all vis : ionary projects, andall unworthy calls for chari ty. His heart was not warm in his affections, but be exactly calculated every man's value, and gave hima solid esteem projxirtioned to it. His jierson, yea kiiow. was fine, his statute ex actly w hat one w ould wish, his deportment ea sy. erect and noble; the best horseman of bi age. and the most graceful figure that could be seen on borseliack. Although in the in thecir | cle of his friends, win-re he might lie unreserv ed w ith safety, he took a free -hare in conver sation; his colloquial talents were not above mediocrity. In public, when called on for a dozen opin ions. he wns unready, short and embarrassed. Yet he wrote readily, rather diffusely, in an ea sy and correct style. This he had acquired by ’ conversation with the world, for his education was merely reading, writing, and common arithmetic, to w hich be added surveying at n late day. His time was employed in action chiefly, rea ding little, and tl at only in agriculture and Eng lish history. His corresponilence beeamc ne cessarily extensive, and, with journaliz.ng his agricultural proceedings, occupied most of his leisure hours in doors. On the whole, his char acter v. as ia it- mass, perfect—in nothing, bad; in few points indiflerent ; and it may truly be -aid. that never did nature and fortute com bine more perfectly to make a num great and to place him in the same constellation with whatever worthies have merited from man an everlasting remembrance ; for his was the sin gular destiny and merit of leading the armies of his country through an arduous w ar. for es tablishment of its independence, of conducting its its eouneils through the birth of a Govern ment, new in its formsand principles, until it had settled dow n into a quiet ami orderly train; and of scrupulously obeying the laws through the w hole of his career, civil and military ; of which the history of the w orld furnishe- no other example. I felt on his death, with my country men, that "verily a great num hath this day fallen ft Israel,” CLAY ON AGITATION AND NEGRG EQUALITY WITH THE WHITES. Mr. Clay's famous letter to his biographer, Colton, is so pertinent to the present condition ot public iitfair-. that w o publi-h it. The old line Whigs, who now co-operate w ith the Demo crats. will find their old leader’s platform as useful now as it was 14 y ears ago : Ashland, Sept, 2. 1843. "My Dear Sir: Allow me to select n subject for one of your tracts, which treated in your popular mid condensed way. I think would be attended with great and good etlo t. I mean Abolition. It is manifest that the ultras of that party are extremely mischievious, and arc hurry ing on the country to fearful eonsequetn-es. They are not to lie conciliated by the Whigs. En grossed w ith a single idea, they care for noth ing else. They would see the Administration of the Government precipitate the Nation into absolute ruin before they would lend a helping hand to arrest its career. They treat worst, denounce mo t. those w ho treat them best, who so far agree with tbem as to admit slavery to be an evil. Witness their conduct towards Mr. Bi i.y-nud Mr. .WmwS, In Massai husetu, and towards me. "1 will give you an outline of the manner in whk-h 1 would handle it. Show the origin of s-avery. Tran- its introduction to the Bristish Government. Show how it is disposed of hy tin- l-'eilend Constitution ; that it is left exclu sively to the States, except in regard to fugi tives, direct taxes a.id r< pn-i-ntatives. Show that the agitation of the question in free States will tr-t di.-troy all harmony, and finally lead to disunion—perpetual war—the extermina tion of tne African race—ultimate military des potism. "But the great aim and object of your tract, should be to arouse the laboring classes of the free States against Abolition. Depict the eon- ' -eqileliees to them of immediate .U>olition.—- Ihe slaves being free, would be dis|»-rse<l throughout the I nion ; they would enter into competition witli the free laborer—with the American, the Irish, the German—reduce bis wages, lie confounded with him. and effect his moral and -oeial standing. And as the ultras go both for Abolitionism and amalgamation, show that their object is to unite in marriage the laboring white man and the laboring w bite woman, to reduce the white laboring man to the despised and degraded condition of the black man. "1 w ould show their opposition to coloniza tion. Show its humane, religious and patriot ic aim. That they are those w hom God has separated. Why do Abolitionists oppose co lonization ? To keep raid amalgamate togeth er the two races, in violation of God's will, and to keep the blacks here, that they may inter fere with, debase and degrade the laboring w hites, show that the British Government is co-opcrating w ith the Abolitionists, tor the pur pose of dissolving the I'nion, Ac. You can make a pow erful article that w ill be felt in ev ery extremity of the Union. I am [arfectlv satisfies! it will do great good. Let me hear from you on this subject. Henry Clay.” AMERICAN EXPERTNESS IN THE USE OF FIRE ARMS ITS IMPORTANCE. From the Paris Correspondence of the London Times. An article in one of our cotemporaries, sug. getting the formation of corps of volunteers as protection against possible invasion of England, is noticed by one or two of to-day's Paris journ als. which evidently think the cry of alarm un called for. ami w hicli describe as " very curious" the means of <k-fi-i*ce advised. But there is no harm, w hen we are compelled to send away the bulk of our army, in raising the question as to how far an invasion could be successfully re sisted by a turn out of the population, by the rush that w ould, no doubt, be inatartly made by men of all clas.-< s to repel the assailants or lose their live- in the attempt. England, with its small fields and innumerable bodges and ditches, would be u splendid country for the operation- of riflemen, but these advantages would be of little avail, utiles- they were skill ful with their w eapon- to a greater extent than mere fowling-piece practice can possibly make them. The subject reminds me of a conversation withan American now holding a bright posi tion at a European Court, who was "reared” 2000 miles up the Mississippi, spent many years in the Western Provinces, has travelled much in his own country, and is high authority con cerning it. Bis opinion was that the gnat wcurity of America, that which makes her of all countries in the w orld the one that has lea-t to ftiar from invasion, is the familiarity and skill of her citizens with rifle and pistol. With this K> Ml back upon she has no need of an army. There every man is expert with rifle and re volver; those who are not are exceptions, and are remarked as such, and a very large propor tion are not only expert but of first rate and unerring skill. This accomplishment, combined with that > Anglo-Saxon pluck and daring comnum to English and Americana, ha- enabled the volun teer- of the United States to do wonders on various occasions against superior numbers and regular troops. The cotton bags of New Or leans would hardly have protected any but first rate mark-men from the bayonet- ofPacken- ■T’M 'JI. ICK errs.’—rYTr n ll —ww i n—grwMi 11 ll U U i bam's gailant soldiers; when marched on many occasions, in Mexico and Texas, against an in ferior foe. w e have seen mere handfulls of silf ri-lyii.g Yankees scatter their oppom nt- w hen the odds were 20 to 1; recently in Cuba, al though the little band of I-'iUibusters under Lo pez was ultimately overwhelmed by an im mensely superior force of the b< st troops in Spain, it was not until they had shot down more than their ow n number. An economical an<l nnmilitary (although not an unw nrlike) na tion. the English, like the Americans, will neither pay for the support of a numerous army nor submit to be taxed in kind by a conscrip tion. probably the only means by which it would be practicable for Great Britain to keep up a large, permanent mid effective army. No body but an alarmist will pretend that there is the remotest chance of any I’ow er taking ad vantage of England's having sent so large a part of her army to India to pick a quarrel with her. But nobody can answer for the future; and it certainly could be no disadvantage to to the young men of England to apply them -ilve- to become good rifle shots, to practice skirmishing, and even to familiarize themselves with forming square and a few of the com monest inano'uvres of infantry in the field. WHY EPIDEMICS RAGE AT NIGHT. It wits in one night that four thousand per- ' sons perished of the plague in London. It was by night that the army of Sennacharib was destroyed. Both in England aud on the Con tinent a large portion of cholera cases in its several forms have been observed to have oc- | curred between one and two o’clock in the morning. The danger of exposure to the night air has been a theme of physicians from time immemorial, but it is remarkable that, they m ver yet called in the aid of chemistry to ac count for the fact. It is nt night that tiie stratum of air nearcsf the ground must always be the most charged with tffe particles of animalized matter given out from the skin and deleterious gases, such as carbonic acid gas. the product of respira tion, and sulphurated hydrogen, the product of the sewirs. In the day gasses and various substances of all kinds rise in the air by the rarefaction of the heat. At night, when this rarefaction leaves, they full by an increase of gravity if imperfectly mixed with the atmos phere; while the gases involved during the night, instead of ascending, remain at nearly the same level. It is known that carbonic acid gas at a low temperature partakes so nearly of the nature of a fluid that it may be poured out of one vessel into another. It ri-es at the tnn[KTature at which it is exhaled from the lungs, but its tendency is towards the floor or the la d of the sleeper in cold and imventila ted rooms. At Hamburg, the alarm of cholera at night in sonic parts of the city was so great that many refused to go to bed. lest they should be attacked unawares in their sleep. Sitting up they probaldy kept their stoves or open fire burning for the sake of warmth, and that ! warmth gives the expansion to any deleterious gases present, w liich would promote their es- ‘ cape and promote the dilution in the atmos phere. Tiie means of safety were then uncon sciously assured. At Sierra Leone the natives have a practice in tin sickly season, of keeping fire- constantly burning in their huts at night. ; assigning that the tires keep away the evil spirits, to which, in their ignorance, they at tribute the fever and ague. Latterly, Euro- . pe.-in- have begun to adopt the same practice, and those w ho have tried it assert that they nave now entire immunity from the tropical livers to which they were formerly subjected. In the epidemics of the middle ages fires used to be lighted in the streets for the puri fication of the air, and in the plague of Lou don in 1685, fires in the streets were at one time kept burning incessantly, till extinguished by a violent storm of rain. Latterly trains of . gunpowder have been tired and cannon dis charged for the same object; but it is obvious that these measures, although sound in prin ciple. must necessarily, out of doors, be on too small a scale, as measured against an ocean of atmospheric air, to produce any sensible efli-ct. M ithin doors, however, the case is different. It is quite [Hissible to heat a room siitfii-iently to produce a rarefaction and consequent dilu tion ot any malignant gases it may contain, and it is of course the air of the room, and that alone, at night, which comes in contact with the lung- of the jierson sleeping.— ll’eatmiuu ter /teruie. PHYSICAL PAIN OF DEATH. A paragraph is going the rounds of the pa- ' per-, giving the opinion of Lord Bacon and other-, that the pain ofhangiiig is inconsidera ble. It is asserted, for example, that after a momentary feeling of suffocation, bright colors ! dance before the eyes and stretch away into I vistas of indiscribable loveliness. There is no reason to doubt the truth of this declaration, because numerous instances have occurred of persons being cut down before life was extinct: and it was on the authority of well authentica ted examples of this character, that Lord Ba con ami others founded their opinions. More over, hanging, in its effects upon the human or ganism. produces results very similar to those produt-eil by some natural disease, so that this also aft’ords a criterion for judging. In cases of drowning, likewise, the testimony is univer sal that the physical pain, up to the moment of consciousness being lost, is quite inconsiderable. The same phenomena of niori-s, stars and beautiful lights dancing before the eyes, has lieen mentioned by persons restored after ap parent death by drowning. It is nearly certain—indeeiL as certain as any thing chiefly- s|ieculative can lie—that in all deaths the physical sutl'i-ring is small. Even where invalids experience the most excrucia ting agony during the progress of the disease, nature comes to their relief at the last hour, am! life goes out gently like a candle in its socket. Those who have witnessed death beds most frequently, es|»ecially if they have been intelligent persons, and then fore capable of judging, agree generally in considering the ■ phy.-i.-al pain of death as inconsiderable. They ' say that the convulsive motions which fre quently attend the parting breath, are not evi dences of suffering, for that the invalid is in sensible. They say also, that when the senses are retained, there is usually no such spasms. A leading medical authority states that scarcely one person in fifty is sensible at the |M>iiit of death, and some physicians assert that they have never seen a death-bed in which the pathnt was sensible. As life fails, nature, it would seem, beneficently interposes, deaden ing the si-nsibility of the nerves, and otherwise preparing the individual for the great and in evitable change, These facts should teach all men, while yet in health, ‘to put their house in order.’ Many a father, by iii-glecting to make a will, or keep his business arranged, has left his family an in- ; heritanee of litigation, or entailed on them the severest losses. Few of those, comparatively who, on a sick bed. having sufficient clearness of intellect left to adjust tangled affairs, provide for contingencies of trade, or even to direct wisely the distribution of their estates. Death usually conies rapidly in the shape of u short diseaae, leaving time for nothing but a w ild and hopless struggle with the enemy. Or it conies so insidiously a-to beguile the victim mid his friends, up to the last hour, w ith the hope of recovery. or ut least of months of prolonged life. Men dread sudden death, and pray to be delivered from it forgetting that to most of us, death is always sudden, coming as the Scrip tures truly say, “like a thief in the night.” It is not for its physical pain that men should fear death, but lest it should overtakethemercthey have "set their house in order.” Tobe leav ing a family unprovided for, or to have put off irrrangements tor sitting up one’safl'airs, is the real pang of the dyiny hour. NEVER WHITEWASH TREES. The orchardist should set hi* face like a flint against all sorts of compositions that leave n courting upon the bark, no matter what they are nor w hat iselaimeu for them by charlatans : or empirics. The arboricitlrWist of Boston ' Common made a sad mistake in coating those trees with some sort of composition, of the consistency of paint. The objection to this treatment is, that it interferes with the func tions of the epidermis. But, say the users of these compositions, they are necessary for the i destruction of insect-. As well might they i advocate the whitewaslilngof men, women and i children, when infested w ith insects of the ge nus l‘erticahi», in order to get rid of them, as . that of painting or w hitew ashing fruit or orna- ! ■ ni< ut.-il tree- to rid them of aphidc*, habitants l of ther bark or outer covering. The trees ! grow mid st em to flourish, notwithstanding the mistaken treatment, not because of it. —it is no more evidence in favor of it—than the fact that I some persons, who seldom or never bathe, yet enjoy good health, is, against bathing and sur face cleanliness in general. There is no danger of keeping fruit trees too clean, and this can be done w ith pure soft w ater, or if a little soap be mixed with it, it may cause no harm. A good ami the safest wash for trees, is pure water. The tree or plant is enveloped w ith an epi dermis like an animal; and for any one to say that this has no function to perform beyond that of covering the organism animated with life, as the envelope does the letter, is to pub lish his ignorance of vegetable physiology.— The condition of the covering of the animal is deemed somwhnt essential to the state or condi tion of rhe animal —so ot the tree, its bark or covering i s indicative of the healthful vigor of the tree, or of its opposite condition. Any one nt all acquainted with fruit trees, w hether from a knowledge of long cultivation or of ob servation, is prepared to judge of tee condition of an orchard, or garden of fruit trees, by look ing nt the condition of the bark.— Seic England farmer. THE HERMITAGE. We extract the follow ing interesting partic ulars from the recent message of Goveror Johnson of Tennessee, to the Legislature of that State : “ It was made the duty of the Governor, by an Act entitled “An act to purchase for the State of Tennessee five hundred acres of the bite residence of Andrew Jackson deceased, in i eluding the mansion, tomb, and other improve ments known as the Hermitage; and said Act authorized him to issue six per cent, coupon bonds to the amount of forty-eight thoiisaml dollars (148.000) in pay mi nt of the same. “Incompliance with this law-, the purchase ha« been made, the five hundred acres, includ ing the mansion, tomb, and other improve ments known as the Hermitage, have been i run out ami platted by a competent and skilful surveyor, and a title unencumbered hits lieen made to the Slate, which title Ims been regis tered in the Register's otliee of Davidson coun ty, and is now on file in the otliee of the Seen tary of State. It was also made, by -aid Act. the duty of the Governor to tender the said property to th.> General Government of tl.e I'nited States, u|sm the express condition that it be used as a site for a brunch of the Military Academy at \\ est Point. This tender has been made by the Governor in person to the Feder al Government, through the President of the I'nited States; the President transmitted the tender as made to both branches of Congress. The subject was there tak.m up and referred to the appropriate Committees. In tl.e Senate it wns referred to the Committee on Military Affairs, which Committee, after consideration made a favorable report, accompanied with abill accepting oftliefi ve liuiidri <1 acres,uponthe terms mid conditions uutiiorizing the ti nder to be made. The proposition at the time, so far as it could be ascertained, seemed to bo favorably enter tained by both Houses of Congress. But it being the short session, aud mucli important business remaining to be disposed of. Congress I adjourml on the 4th of March w ithout having any definite action upon the proposition, and , it is pending before the Federal Government for its final determination on." NEW ENGLAND AND THE SOUTH A new spaper story is going the rounds how I in a New England parish, a difficulty arose about the location of the new church building and the church was rent with n division upon the subject, mid the congregation was dissolved in tears, The next morning. Deacon Jones went over to see his opponent, Deacou Shaw, to make an earnest for peace, and the follow - ing ensued: Deacon J.—“ Deacon Shaw, I bavn't slept n wink last night; and I've come over to see if wecant't have peace on the sub ject of the church building. We must settle the difficulty." Deacon S.—“ I'm very happy to hear you talk so, for, to tell the truth, 1 have alway s thought you a little set in your : way.” Deacon J.—Not at all; and as a proof ! that I am not. I've come this morning on pur pose to see you. Now. Deacon Shaw, w e must settle the-difficulty, and there is but one way to do it: you must give it up, for I can't," This “ accommodating spirit” of Deacon Jones, 1 it occurs to us, is fairly exemplified in the con duct of New England tow ards the South which demanded that Slaves States must give up all i their rights and their compromised guarantees of the Constitution, because it can't or won't. I‘hil. Penney Iranian, hXDKEV JACKSON lie was a man ! Well do I remember the day I waited upon him. He sat there in his arm « hair—l can see the ohl warrior's face w ith his snow white hair, even now. We told him of the public distress—the manufacturers ruined— the eagles shrouded in the crape, which were borne at the head of twenty thousand men in to Imlependence Square. We begged him to leave the detyosita w here they were—to uphold the great Bank of Philadelphia. Still he did not say a word. At last one of our number, more fiery than the rest, intimated that if the Bank was crushed a rebellion might follow.— Then the old man—l can see him yet. “ Come be shouted in a voice of thunder, as his clenched fist was raise<l above his white hairs, “come with bayouetts in your hands in stead of petitions—l am ready for you all! By the Eternal! with the people at my back, whom your gold can neither buy nor aw e, 1 will swing you up around the Capital, each reltel of you, on a gibbet as high llaiiian's!'’ When I think of that one man standing there at Washington, battling with all the powers of bank and panic combined, betrayed by those in wlioui he had trusted, assailed by all that (he snake of malice could hiss, or the fiend of falsehood could how l, w hen I think of that one man placing his hack against the rock, ami fold- ing his arms for the blow, while he uttered his awful vow, “By the Eternal! I will not swerve from the path I have chosen 1 must confess that, the record of Greece and Rome— nay, the proudest days of Cromwell and Na poleon—cannot furnish an instance of a will like that of Andrew Jackson's when he placed his life, soul and fame on the hazard of a die, for the people’s welfare. — Lippard. A House Pcmpixg Water.—One of our friends in Ridley, has two horses, which go to the pump in his barn-yanl almost daily, and pump water for their own use. One of these animals commenced this singular feat last sum mer, and since that time has taught his fellow' to to go through the same operation. It is re ally amusing to set* one of these horses put his mouth to the muzzle of the pump, while the other is drawing water. The handle of the pump is of wood, and the end used by the hor ses has been greatly gnaw ed off. The above statement may be relied on. — Delaware Ke publiean, SuPimiOß COURT CALENDAR. Appling 'Moudny after 4th Monday Ap’l and Oct. Baker J:id Monday May and Nov. Baldwin |4th “ . Feb. and Aug. Bibb '-’d “ May and Nov. u . ( Thursday after 3d Monday April, aud unan - \j OlU j n y a f| er 4th Monday Nov. Berrien Ist Monday May and Nov. Burk 4th “ “ “ T> .. . C Fridav after 3d Monday March and Fn- BuHoch ■ day ~he r4th Monday Oct Butts Ist Monday June and Dec. (’otcosa <4th “ April and Oct. Charlton last “ March and Nov. <'hattahoochec 4th “ May and Nov. Campbell Ith “ March aud Sept. Camden Ist “ April and Dec. (!ass |-2d “ March and Sept. Carroll list “ April and Oct. Chatham 2d “ Jan. and Mav Chattooga Ist “ March and Sept. Cherokee Ist “ “ “ Clarke Ist “ Feb. and 2d Monday Aug. Cobb •‘■d “ March and Sept. Clinch Tlh “ Jun? and Dec. Columbia 2d “ March and Sept. Coweta Ist “ “ “ Crawford jlat “ u u Calhoun 4th “ May and Nov. Clav 4th “ Marell and Sept. Cott’ce Monday after Appling, April and Oct. Cobjuitt '.last Monday May and Nov. Dade J2d “ May and Nov. Decatur Ith “ April and Oct. DeKalb Ith “ “ “ Dooly 11st “ M Dougherty Monday after 4th Mon. May and Nov. ,1 » Ith Monday March and Monday after Idhngham - <th ()ct Emanuel Ist Monday April and Oct. Elbert 2d “ March and Sept. Early 3d “ “ “ Fayette 3d “ “ “ Floyd Ist “ Feb. and Aug. Fannin 2d “ May and Nov. Forsyth 3d “ Feb. and Aug. Ftanklin 3d “ April and Oct. Fulton Ist “ “ u Gilmer Ist “ May and Nov. Glynn 2d “ April and Dec. Gordon Ith “ March and Sept. Gr« •■!!<• M “ “ “ Gwinnett ;2d ** “ “ Habersham 2d “ April and Oct. Hall Id “ March and Sept. Harris 2d “ April and Oct. Hancock |3d “ February and Aug. Hart 3d “ March and Sept. Heard »4tl» “ Feb. and Aug. Henry 3<l “ April and Oct. Houston Ith “ “ “• Hai raison |.?d “ “ “ Irwin ‘ith “ “ ** Jackson j4th “ Feb. and Aug. Jasper Ith Monday April and Oct. , Jeflerooii 2d “ June and Dec. Jones Hd “ April and Oct. Laurens |2d “ “ “ lx*e Ith “ March and Sept. Liberty ;.:d Mon. Ap‘l and Mon. after 4 Mon. Nov Lincoln Ith Monday April and October. Lowndes id “ June and December. Lumpkin ’lst “ January and August. Macon |3d “ March and September. Madison Ist “ “ “ \l,.jntosh ' Thursday after 2d Monday April and. '( M “ 4tb “ Marion Ist Monday March and Sept. Monroe <ith “ ’ Feb. and Aug. Morgan iist “ March and Sept Muscogee list “ Muy and Nov. Miller ith “ June and Dex*. .Mcrriwetber <1 “ Feb. and Aug. \f ..»< ... .rv Thursday after 2d Monday March and Montgomery Thn ,. S(|av ttfter 8(J Mnnday Oct Murray Ist Monday April and Oct. Newton ;<t “ March and Sept. Oglethorpe 3d “ April and Oct. Paulding Ist “ “ “ Pike ut Mon. Ap’l A Thurs. after 1 Mon Oct Polk Ith Monday April and Oct. Pulaski 3d “ “ “ Putnam 3d “ March and Sept. Pickens ith “ Feb. and Aug. Randolph Ist “ May and Noy. Rabun I Mon. Ap’l A Wydnes. after 1 Mun. Oct Richmond 3d Monday April and Oct. Striven 4th ** “ “ Spalding id “ May and Nov. Stewart 3d “ April and Oct. Sumter *d “ March and Sept. Talbot d ** •* ** Tatnall - <1 ’♦ March and 4»h Mon. Oct. I Terrell Ist “ March and Sept. Tat lor Ist “ Anri I and Oct. Teifuir Thurs. after 4tn Monday April and Oct. Thomas Ist “ June and Dec. Taliaferro 4th “ Feb. and Aug. Towns Uh “ April and Oct. Troup <1 “ .Muy and Nov. Twiggs 2d “ March and Sept., Upson Ist “ May and Nov. Union id “ “ “• Walker Ist “ “ u Walton 3d “ Feb. and \ug. Warren Ist April and Oct. Washington 3d “ March and Sept. Wilkinson Ist “ April and Oct. Wilkes Uh “ March and Sept. Webster Ist ** April and Oct Wayne Friday after Ist Monday April and Dec. Ware Munday after 4ih Mon. June aud Dec. Whitfield 2d Munday April and Oct. Worth Id “ “ “ Kot urn Day Twenty Days before Court. FKONPECTI SOI’ THE STATE PRESS, Pl ItLISHED, AT MACON, GA. I PROPOSE publishing in the city of Macon a 1 newspaper bearing the above title, the first num ber of which will be issued as early as practicable in October >. Fur the present it will be a weekly paper, but will be converted into a daily or tri-week-. ly at soon as the eneonragement warrants it. Believing that Macon, m view of its increasing bu-. sineMs and its central location with Railroads radia ting in every direction, is a suitable point for estab lishing a new paper, I embark in this enterprise with every confidence of success, and will strive by mak ing “ 7V/< worthy of patronage, to secure fur it both a local support and a general circulation. And in order to accomplish this object no effort will bo spared to render it in all respects a valuable Fami ly Journal—complete in its news, literary aud politi cal departments—useful and interesting alike to the Planter, the Merchant, the Mechanic and all other classes of our population—a paper thoroughly identi fied with whatever concerns the weal or woe of Geor gia, and one which I hope to make acceptable to the citizens of the State. I n p< ditics TState will belong to the South ern Rights Democratic ochbool. Whife I am in fa vor of the preservation of the Union on the basis of the Constitution. as a Southerner by birth and edu cation, 1 naturally consider the rights, the interests, aud the honor of the South as paramount to all other considerations. Hence in the management of the paper mv niuttu will be "Equality in Union or of it." But, in my humble judg ment, there is but one effectual means of preserving the Union consistently with the constitutional rights of the South, and therefore I will zealously advocate the policy and principles of that good old Democratip party which has been our only anchor of safety during the past, aud now stands oar only hope for the fu tare. The State Press will be printed with new type on a large sheet. It will be an excellent medium for ad vertising. as arrangements have been made to give it a wide circulation. Sulwriptioo —Two Dollars per annum in advance, or Three Dollars at the end of the vear. E. (’ ROWLAND, Proprietor Macon, Ga., October. 1857. NO. I.