Newspaper Page Text
MACON, GA.
Thursday, March 4, 1358.
SAVANNAH REPUBLICAN NEEDLESS EXCITE
MENT.
The Editor of the Savannah Republican is
in a high state of nervous excitement, which,
we can assure him, is utterly needless ami un
called for. A “Boston correspondent*'—no
body but a “Bostonian” could have made such
a preposterous mistake —ha- intimated an opin
ion that the Republican is on the "jire-cating"
line; ami great is the amazement and sorrow
thereupon. Our cotemporary hastens to dis
abuse the mind of his “esteemed corre«; ~n
dent”—tells him that he lias always "distrust
ed" the class of politicians generally called c’rr
eaters— that be can’t, for the life of him, con
ceive what he has ever published to make peo
ple think he was one of them—ami. in short,
vindicates himself from the charge in a si ries
of platitudes, covering some half column, more
or less.
Let our cotcmporury rest easy. There is
no danger that lie will be mistaken fora “fire
eater’ in these parts—none whatever; arid
still less that the “fire-eaters” will try to ap
propriate him. His di-claimer ought to .-o'i
fy his •'esteemed correspondent” trom Ito-, nw:
and if it does not, we otHselves will undertake
to clear his skirts of the imputation. We guar
antee to furnish a certificate, if it become ne
cessary, signed by a dozen of the most promi
nent "fire-eaters” in Georgia, that they recip
rocate the “distrust” of the Republican to the
full—that the Editor of that journal, in a po
litical acceptation, never wrote fire, thought
Cre, or dreamed tire—that they don’t wish even
a "Boston correspondent” to mist .!,, him for
their exponent—and, if all this should not sat
isfy the “esteemed” friend, it shall be ad led
that the “fire-eaters” repudiate the Republican.
repudiate it, distinctly and emphatically, as the
organ of their views. Let our eotemporarv,
therefore, be easy—perfectly easy. The “fire
eaters” arc quite as anxious to correct the mis
take ns he can possibly be. ami h ma feel as
sured that they will allow no .-md, injustice to
be done cither to him or them.
If our testimony be of any avail, he . hall not
go without it—atyl whether it be or not, we
volunteer it in his behalf. He >.iys he is utter
ly at a loss to know what sentiments have ever
appeared in the Republican to justify such an
imputation. We have no doubt of it. Wc
are quite as much at a loss as he. If ~ny such
sentiments have appeared, we never aw them,
and the Editor can not recall them himself.
Therefore, if they <7f<? appear—Oh, “esteemed
correspondent!” Oh, suspicious Bo lonian!
forgive him: he Incut not tchat he did.
This “correspondent" gives a curious reason
why the Republican should not bo “fire-eat
ing.” It is that "you hold the purse-strings."
This is an allusion to the fact that a Georgian
is Secretary of the Treasury—and amounts to
an expression of opinion that so long a South
ern man controls the purse, the South should
keep shady and make no fu-s to attra : atten
tion and spoil sport. This i something which
could by no .possibility have occurred to any
body but a Bostonian—certainly, not to the
Editor of the Republican, who, though, bv lias
not the honor to be a “fire-eater,” i unques
tionably superi >r toaconsidi ration like this.
It may not be amiss, pcrlmp-, to tell the
“esteemed correspondent" who the-.- m n arc
to whom the “appellation of tirc-i r.ters is gen
erally given"--and who, as a consequence have
“always” been "distrusted" by the Republi
can. They are such men as Hinter, Mason,
Davis, Iverson, in the Senate—such min as
the present chiefs of the Department of Post
Office, War, and Interior—such men as
Johnson and McDonald in Georgia—and a
host of others equally well known all over the
Southern country. Such are the men who
have altr.iys been distrusted by our prudent
and sagacious cotemporary. But the designa
tion now covers some not aluutye distrusted by
the Republican. Mr. Toombs is called a “fire
eater” by the Northern Press—so is Mr. Ste
rtiENs—and so, no doubt, this “Boston cor
respondent” regards them, and every other
man who does not sing peatis to the “glorious
Union" while the South is being cheated out of
her rights. These are gentlemen for whom
the Editor of the Republican did not always
feel distrust, though they, too, have now for
feited his confidence. In short .we know of no
leading Southern Statesman who is not “dis
trusted” by this Southern paper—and this
ought to satisfy even a "Boston correspon
dent.”
We therefore call upon him to retract the
charge. The Republican stands fully acquit
ted. So far from beinga fire-eating sheet, there
has never been a time, when the flame, of
Southern resentment was lighted up, that its
issues were not a series of wet blankets thrown
npon the blaze. The Republican has merely
said, in a mild, fraternal way, that “now real
ly, eh—*pon honor-—don’t you think Kansas
ought to be admitted with the Lecompton
Constitution I and that you Northern brethren
are crowding things a little'”—and straight
away this “ Boston correspondent” thinks it is
about to join the Fire-eaters! Isn't that too
hard r
MB. TOOMBS AND THE COLUMBUS PAPERS.
The Washington correspondent of the New-
Orleans Picayune states, that Senator Toombs
does not hesitate to avow himself in favor of a
dissolution of the Union, and declares it as his
belief that the interests of both sections would
be promoted thereby. This statement’, wheth
er true or false, has called forth the denuncia
tion of the Columbus Enquirer, which paper j
takes occasion to apply to our distinguished
jiud patriotic Senator such terms as "buffoon”
—"dark hearted political parricide"—one rea
dy to “plunge his sword into the bowels of his '
best friend”—a tit subject to have pointed at '
him forever the “slow, unmoving finger of
scorn,” and other expressions destitute alike
of good sense and of good taste.
We were glad to notice, however, that our
chivalrous cotemporary of the Tiu.es <£ Senti
nel (whois true as steel in fidelity to his native
South) was on the alert to vindicate Mr. Toombs
from the unworthy and undignified assault, ad
ministering a scathing rebuke to the Enquirer
and all other Southern journals that are willing,
in their blind devotion, to offer up the honor
of the South on the altar of the Union. But
perhaps this petty assault deserved no answer
whatever. Such Lilliputian shafts pass by Mr.
Toombs like the idle wind—they only serve to
attract attention to the little archer who wields
|o short n bow. Small wen sometimes assail
prominent statesmen for the mere purpose of
gaining for themselves a brief notoriety. Such
| creatures should bear in mind the fate of the
Sea-Gulls who attacked the light-house. Thu
verse says :
“The little sea-birds, blinded by the storms,
’Gainst some tall light-house dash their little
forms,
And the hard granite scatter* fir their pains
1 lie small deposits thut were meant tor brains —
Yet the proud fabric, in the morning sun,
| Stands all unconsi ious of the mischief done;
! Shines still brightly o’er the scattered fl-, t
Os gvlls ami Boori.:s, brainless as its feet!
[fob the state press.]
MUSIC.
HERMANN L. SCHREINER,
Macon, Ga.
The love <d recreation and pleasure isinsep
i uratle from the human constitution, and cannot
; lie eradicated without deStroyingour very ex
istence. Christianity was never di-igned to
I oppose or prohibit this deep rooted principle
! when rightly directed, and is not intended
to discountenance innocent mirth ami pleasure.
The sprightly eye—the cheerful shout, the
| joyful heart, are not in opp isition to the de
j mands of the Religion of Christ, while they
impart life, health, and vigor to body and
I I(pml.
i Among the diversity of amusements in this
: life, music is considered us holding tlie first
rank, and being the most ennobling and harm
less.
The Ancients considered it an essential
branch of education, being not only desirable
in itself but affording pleasant and useful occu
pation in leisure hours. The value of any
i science, says Tytlcr, "is to be estimated ac
; cording to its tendency to promote improve
ment either in priv.it ■■ virtue or in those quali-
■ ties which render man useful in society.”
j Now it is the perfection of any science to
i unite nil these advantages—to promote the
| advancement of public and private virtue, and
to supply such a degree of amusement us to sn
' per-edc the necessity of resorting to frivolous
i and worthless pursuits for the sake of recrea-
• tion ; of this nature, in a pre-eminent degree is
: the science of music.
Mu ie i always a welcome visitor, and is
adapted tot! e most solemn, a-« well us joyful
■ occasions; is as much relished when wc arc in
i solitude us well as when we arc in thelovliest
| company ; is cal ulnted to stir the heart of the
i old mid young, and suited to all time-; and
I places. It has been practised by the greatest
i mt n of ancient and modern time--, and history
i makes us acquainted with the influence it has
| exercised over the human mind.
Music was particularly held in gn at rever
| cnee by the great German Reformer Martin
• Luther. He cherished it through his dan-
! perous am! troublesomel:fe,nnd once it recovered,
him from a severe fit ot fainting « hen nil other
remedies scented powerless. “.Music,, says he
“is one of the fairest mid most glorious gifts of
God. to which Satan is a bitter enemy, for it
' remote- from the heart the wlightot sorrows
1 and the fascination of evil thought. ’ It ryfias
i the pas-ions mid improve the umlur-tanding.
: Those who love it are gentle and honest in
j their tempers, "mid" be adds “I always loved
‘ it mid would not for a great matter be without
the little skill which I pc- -. r-:sin this art."
The effects of music on the human mind are
often wonderful. What is more glorious, soul
stirring to the Frcnch.man, than the war-like
notes of the “Mirrseilies II; inn?” What deeds .
of bravery have been performed by the war- 1
I like ions of that most excitable nation through ■
: the strains of their national hymn! It is sail ■
; the soldiers of Bellissier’s army in Crimea, I
: would not stir until their General gave orders
I to the Band, to change their music of "la I'ar-
I ter pour Syrie" to "All.-ns, en.fantes de la pa
i trie." soon as the tir-t notes were heard
there arose a simultaneous shout, a rush for
! the Mamelon, mid in u short time l'< llis-k-r
j had the satisfaction of seeing the tri-colored
i flag waving over the conquered city, the
stern obstinacy of the Russian soldiers yield
i ing ’to to the enthusiastic valor of the French,
excited to the highest pitch by their favorite
! national song.
j I’ieture to yourself the effects of the shrill
' notes of the fife upon the sons of America
during tlie Revolution, who underwent hard
' ships, toil, and privations for the liberty of
their country, fighting and spending freely
I their life-blood : led by that greatest man of
his age, whose name is. and always will be,
; sacred to the sons ami daughters of Columbia,
i "Washington” the brave! the just! who
fought for the great-»t cause—(like Leonidas of
Sparta.) —for the liberty of his dear la-loved
i country against a tyrant, whoso golden offers
; he treated with contempt.
What recollections are brought to boar upon
I the minds of America's sons by the sound of
their national airs, "Hail Columbia" "Yankee
I DoodM" On: Ft ao is there, and these only
| made by the shrill tones of the Fife! The
' blood will rise, the muscle* swell, the eyes
‘ dilate, and the arm has strength to deal death
and destruction in tlie ranks of the cm mie»
1 of your country.
If music has such a great influence, and if
I it is so productive of such wonderful effects,
I how is it that so few worship at its shrine ?
. We need not go far to find men who treat this
science with marked contempt, who think It
effeminate, and who look upon it. when in
dulged in by men, as a worthless accomplish
ment. V.n, did I say ? In the opinion of the
Poet, it would have been a great misnomer to i
\ call such creatures men.
Is there a heart music cannot melt ?
Alas! how rugged is that heart, forlorn:
Is there, who, when these mystic transports
felt
Os solitude and melancholy born?
He need not woo the muse, he is her scorn.
The sophist’s robe of cobweb he shall twine,
Sneak with a scoundrel fox or grunt with
glutton swine.
I do not fully coincide with that great Poet !
who said “that the man who has no music in
his soul, or is not moved by concord of sweet
sounds, is tit for treason ;” but will say that he
lacks a great deal to be a perfect specimen of
man if he does not desire the pleasure of music,
the brightest and purest of earthly enjoy- I
men Is.
But the objection i often raised, that the
time may be employed to better purposes, and
I reply, it might also be applied to icorne.—
Might not those hours, w hich are often abused j
in shuffling and dealing cards—reading trashy '
books—paying slavish attention to fop|.viie«
of dress or frivolities of fashion, be better cm- j
ployed with music at home among the mem- j
bers ot y our family to cheer, after a severe
day’s tabor, your depressed spirits I But it '
seems to me that the methi'd of raising <lc
i pressed spirits by pouring "spirits" doicn is
frequently preferred.
I have no time to consider all the objections
to music, as they are “groundless ns a baseless
fabric,” but shall try to prove that music has
in ancient and modern times, been ■■ultivated
by the greatest men known.
The Greeks never considered their educa
tion complete without music.
The statesman, the warrior and poet were all
equally intcrestedjn the pursuit of this branch,
and in their Olympian festivities music held a
predominant rank. Frederick the Oreat, could
play excellently on the Flute; Edward the
Sixth, Mary Queen of Scotts, Elizabeth Queen
of England, were all practised m i-icians and
exhibited gnat, fondness for tlie science.
But I must bring my remarks to a close.—
The field upon which we have entered is
boqndli-s, but still we hope we have con
vinced those (who wish to be convinced) that
music has charms.
In the language of the Poet:
"How supreme her sway ;
How lovely is the pov.i rtimt all obey.
Dumb matter trembles at her shock—
Iler voice is echoed by'the desert rock;
For her, the asp w itholds his sting of death
Ard bears its fangs but to inhale her breath;
The royal Lion leaves ills desert lair,
And, couching, lit tens » ben she treads the air ;
And man, by wildestimpnl -e. driven to ill,
Is tamed and led by this em hantress still.
Who ne’er has felt her hand persuasive steal
A long bis heart—that heart will never fee!
"sis less to claim the pn --ioiis, soothe the soul,
To snatch the dagger mid to dash the bowl
From murder's hand - to smooth the couch of
care—
Extract the thorn and scatter roses there,
Os pains hot brow, to still the bounding throb,
Despair’s long sigh and griefs convulsing sob.
How vast her empire ; turn through earth mid
air
Your aching eye. you find her subjects there;
Nor is the throne of Heaven above her spi 11,
Nor death beneath i. in the depths of Heil.”
DEATH OF JUDGE STAR”.
The Grillin papers annoimce- the death, on
the 2ld ult., of Hon. Ja .ir:-- 11. Stark, one of
the distingnisbed men of our State. His dis
ease was Eresypelns, which is said to have
been preying upon bis system for several years.
He presides! over the Superior Courts of the
Flint Circuits, for two successive tern s, with
credit to himself, and satisfaction to the people
mid the members of the bar. He 1 was a su
perior lawyer, a useful citizen, and an upright
; man. His loss is deeply n gretted by nntner
, ous friends.
NOTICE.
The Sheriff's Advertisements f r the <•< )unty
I of piihrki. will hereafter be published in the
State Peeks i.t Macon, G».
MILES BF.MBKY, SherilF.
March 4th. 1858.
[FROM THE < t'XMTITf TfoNAl 1-T.]
BAKKS OF CIRCULATION PAPFR MONEY.
Mr. E oitor —»S7r; 1 Lave read aconitr.unira-
i tion to your paper, over the'‘iirnature of
i montl," treating of the above subject*, and re
' viewing (iov. Brown'.'wto -age. By your
leave, 1 will review the reviewer, and pr<>< iit
some views going to show the • vil«» of our
present monetary system and the n<-"-it\ of
a thorough ami radical, though gradual re
formation. To do jurdice to the subject, or
i rather to my own views of it. will require me
! to occupy a considerable space in your column-.
' For this I must find an iip*-logy in the impor
tance of the subject ami it* peculiar interest at
I tlii- time. 1 shall endeavor to disci— it with
i out the spirit of a parti-an. di-daimmg, as I do,
| any partisan or M'lfrh ,>ubj»'«*t.
j In discu-sing the subject of bunks and peprr
i money, it is important to keep con.-tantiv in
' mind that banks are of dilfcrent kind-, ami
• perform various functions. There are batiks
! of deposit, banks of di-count, ami banks of i*-
■ sue or circulation. In the early history <-f
1 these c-tablishrnent-. these several tumtiof:-
w erc performed by different banks, or rather,
I banks of issue are of much more recent origin
; than the others. In our times and country,
ail the- functions are performed by the same
I establishments. Our* are banks of deposit,
ilwouht and circulation. Preliminary to a
discus-ion <if banks and paper money, it is pro
per, and perhaps ne< es.-ary, to give a brief his-
I tury of them. The first bank of which hi-to
, ry give” any account, was that of Venice, e
i tablished in 1171. It. was e-sentiaily a «!epo-it
I bank. The bank of Amsterdam was v.-tab-
I lislied in 1G59, as a deposit bank, upon the
that it should have at all time- iu its
1 coder- bullion eijual to the full amount of the
claim-upon it. The bank of England origina-
i ted in 1694, in the exigencies of the British
government, and is the principal bunk of de
po-it, discount, ami circul'itiuii in the world.
It is-ue- no bills under the denomination of five
i pounds sterling about twenty-four «lol:ars.
i The Bank of Frame vv as established in 1 *O3. and
issued notes of one thousand ami of five bun
dred francs—that is us about f*2<)o and SIOO.
Thus it seems no bank- ever existed prior to the
year 1171. ami only two from that time until
1694. ami they were simply banks of deposit,
| that is c.-tabii-hnivnts for the safe keepingot
money, and for facilitating its pay meiit from
one individual to another. They issued no
■ note*, and therefore vv ha! is now denominated
; paper money was wholly unknow n to the
world tor nearly seventeen hundred years at
i ter the Christian era. U ill some champion of
paper money inform us how the world got
j along during these centuries, ami that other
* long series of age* from the flood to the advent
| of our Savior, without “banking tacilith -
j Surely if great State*. Kingdomsand Empires
have flourished and become renowned, not only
fortheir achievements in art-and arms, but tvr
I vast enterprises accomplished, and wealth ac
. cumulated by commerce, without any aid from
! banks or paper money, it is quite reasonable
i to conclude that there is no physical impossi
i bility in the way to prevent our disposing of
I cotton without their agency . Yet such is
i gravely asserted to be the fact. Let tbo-e who
' make this assertion come forward with proof
ito support it. Reason revolts at it. History
* contradicts it. The t .xperivnee of centuries dis
approves it. his apparent from history that
. all the commerce of the world fur many ccn-
I turics, during which there were great com
i nnTrial States and va-t currents of trade, was
conducted without what, in the jargon of bank
i men. are called “banking facilities. ’ Are we
to be persuaded that what ha- been done it is
■no longer possible to do? If “one fact bo
, worth a dozen arguments.” what bec< mes of a
proposition contradicted by such a long array
;of facts? Jx.*t him answer, who assert.-it to
I be a physical impossibility to get through the
financial operations necessary to carry our cot
ton crops to market a single season, if based
upon a specie circulation alone. What are
these physically impossible financial O|ierat ions?
I 1 confess* my self ignorant of them. Perhaps
■ those who thus boldly assert their existence,
’ can sustain their position by a demonstrative
argument. Until they do, I must be excused
for regarding it &s a gratuitous assumption,
supported neither by an intelligible argument
•or a valid proof. A writer over the signature 1
I of “Richmond” in a lengthy and labored de- j
' tense of the banks ami paper money, says “it
i is not obvious how we are to become gainers
I by taking all the ri-k, trouble, expense ami de
lay of bringing one hundred millions of dollars
in gold coin across tlie uecan tu pay fdr cotton <
ami then sending it back again to pay for goods.” I
It would not be didicult to show that the losses '
by depreciated ami irrvdvc-mablv bank pnper ,
submitted to by the agricultural and mechani
cal Classes would far outweigh all this terrible
array of *-ri»k, trouble, expense ami delay” even
if v.? had to take them upon British gold com
ing here, ami upon our own gold going back;
an obvious absurdity—founded upon the no
le s obvious absurdity of supposing any such
a transaction to occur.
“ Richmond” seems to impute this idea to
Gov. Brown. I do not know whether he is
i justly indebted to His Excellency, or his own
imagination for it. It certainly did not occur
■tome in reading the Governor's message, i’.e
: its origin what it may, it shall nut be allowed
t<> pa*s as any part of th? creed of those who
would reform our currency. J>oc* not “Rirh-
I mond” know that, as between one country and
another, cuimnoditits pay for
That the great ma.*'.* of ami ven of in-
I tcrnal commerce, consists in an exchange of
| commodities tbr cornmud it it-s; and that money,
no matter what its kind, coinea in only ur
mainly to settle balances? 1 say no matter
; what its kind ; but it is a fact well worthy of
being kept in view, that where money does not
p:i—from one community t«> another, it is al
vv u s solid not bank notc w . hdernational
currency consists qf yold and siittr. to the total
exclusion oj bank uotts. As the balanced in
foreign commerce are. when they do occur,
not only of larger amount- generally than those
which (M'cur in domestic or interna! c mmerce,
but have to be transport*, d to greater distances,
and yet are invariably paid in hard money,
why should any man allow himself to be im
po-ed upon by the bold assertion* of paper
money champions that the "financial opera
tions" nece-*ary to carry a single cotton crop
to market would be physically impossible, if
based upon a specie cab ulaliun alone? Ihe
large balances occurring between the distant
points in our country are nut paid in bank
note.-, but in coir , when money actually pas
‘ us. Banks of circulation then do little or
l nothing i:i that capacity, to facilitate the com
mercial transactions of the country, evVn in
I internal trade; and nothing that might not
1 jnst as well be done, if we ha«l a sufficient cir
i rzz/u//**//of spv<*ie. That we have not such a
; circulation of solid coin, is owing -okly to the
tact, that’we have armed banks with the tre
mendous power ot driving it out, to make way
. tor their not* -. That there i-an abniidjtnre of
! the precious metal- to supply a large circula
tion, I vHI show ’••• f'-ri- 1 cd **.- this coinn uni
, cation. That paper money ha* expelled it. and
i why it expels it, 1 may undertake to show
i hereafter. The balances occurrin/ in com-
I inerce are always wry .-mall a* u.»mpurv<i with
j the aggregate value of the articles exchanged,
and therefore the actual trati*fvr of coin is al
ways of a very limited amount a* I have shown,
' b'-nk notes—paptr ntoncy, are not ’einj»!oye<l
i for that purpose. Hence they are of no u-v
whatever in foreign, timl of very little even i»i
j internal commerce. They have little or no
; commercial utility. It is not then in their ca
pacity of banks of circulation, or manufactories
of paper money, that we arc to look for these
1 tremendous “financial operations,” now decm
, ed indispensable to carry a single crop to mar
ket, of the single article of eutton, for a single
rea*on. Whatever services banks may perform
for commerce, are rendered by thvfn as agen
i ci. for ping, and transfer of
. money from individual to individual, and from
' place to place; that is, as bank- of discount
j and deposit. In ti:c-t capacities, the advocates
' of a sound currency make no war upon them.
' It i* as banks of issue, hoarding for their own
I u.-e, or expelling all our gold and silver coin to
be re-placed by their <»wn. irredeemable bills,
a* the only curren -y for the people, that we
protest agaim-t, denounce and- cond* ion them.
Ihis is “ Richmond’s” dome-tic « urrenry fur
nished to the baling ma---* by his “finarn ’al
i democracy”—the banks! Tin-“ timmcial dc
| moenn-y. ’ (I thank thev. Jew. for baching me
that word) kcup the hard cash for it- u\\ u.-e.
, and giw the people it- mg-. r<Jui od or not.
'a- suits it< pleasure, lor tneir-; nnd if one of
j the people even wani.- to .-»■► a pohlen vr.gh*.
.he mu.’l pay fur the sight! Tim- fimuiuinl »ie
{ mo* racy puts into th.' hand* of a <'ms-, t ou»
: paratively few in n’.iinbvr*. and generally of
!arg<' wealth, the pow er to expel f-< ni g< neral
i « irciilatiou a -oimd UH talie i t.; reney, of imi.’m m.
iustrim-ir and in.li.-truetiblv val*;v ; ami | ’ y- '
<*ally incapable ot gn at and -ndden exp.m-ioii
i and c<»ntractiun*. But it into their po-.w:, d*d
; I -ay? Il do* * far more. It vii- >r< - that r- ' iil
I by making it tlu.ii intcre.-t to ... • i/U-pb-ii it.
‘ diits I propo-e to show at greater b light in a
i future conuiiuni< <;t ion.
I re-’iir to ’•Richiiiond’s' idea of at: : ' tind
I tr:m-fcr of one hundred midi dollar- of gold
i from England to buy our coiton, and the re
transfer of the same hundn*! million <*f <!«.•!);.t•-
bark to E'uliind tu pay for g'sals. How the
idea of a hundred million dollars worth of <*ut
ton wanted on one side, and a hundred million
' dollars worth of goods wanted on the other, tail
: ed to suggest to the mind of “Richmond'' the
-iuiplv and obvious expedient ot an e.rchanye, •.
w ithout any transfer of ca-h at all, serins very
strange. F limps be only meant to impute
this idea to Governor Brown. If-o. lam sure
he does an injustice tu that gentleman, for
which all his “respect foi him personally,” is j
scarcely an adequate atonement. 1 will not
! iiazard the perpetration of an injustice i<y im
! puling to “Richmond'’ any purpose of impo-
I sing upon the credulity of hi* readers by sug- ■
; gusting this enormous tran*t« r oi cash, as a
; ditti< ulty really to be apprehended. But it
i -vein- there i> another diiliculty- t practical
\ difficulty:— “Where is the gold to come
! from ?” This difficulty rvMs up»n the other, :
| ami falls to the ground along w\th it. If this i
enormous transfer is made so ea-dly, the gold
: will not be wanted ; and there is no necessity
I togo in search of it. But tins fearful appre- j
■ hension of a deficiency of the pr< < i<»u» metal* 1
j lias always been brought ft rward as a pra-'h-
’ cal difficulty • by the advocate* of banks and i
paper money. It is not original. It was urge.l
i w ith great confidence ami vebcuvure by the
i Whig-, against the collection us the Federal
; revenues in gold and silver. It is an old
i Whig argument, pressed into the support of
\fnancial Democracy. Can any man be se
i rioiisly apprehensive that there is not gold and
I silver enough in the worhl, wen m»w, to make
■ a currency of ample volume to vitect all the vx-
I changes of every commercial nation upon
: * arth ? B'so, kt mu attempt his relief, and
‘ that of all others who may participate in his
| troubles, by taking a glance al the tact* rcla
• ting to thi-subject. By all accounts, ancient
i and modern, there were large quantities of gold
. and silver in the world, prior to the year of
I our Lurd 14' 1 .. Ha.-it ever occurred tothos--
! who coH-ider.thv quantity us the prveiousmet-
als as too small, that it is this wry circum-
' stance of Ittiiilkd quantity which denominates ;
1 them prec'vus and adapts them *o admirably
; to serve as the mat. rial of money ; that this
circumstance, together with their minute di
| visibility, their ii.-k-trnctibility, their intrin
; sic and universal \ aiuc, has caused them to be
j adopted us the matt rial us money by all civili
! zed States, in every quarter of the world, and
lin all ngxs? it w. .id be easy’ to show, that,
i if tlieir quantity v»\ ix as limited as ‘Richmond
i would have us suppose, still, that would be no
I reason why we should not proceed, by a grad-
■ u<tl process, to a thorough reformation of our
disordered monetary system, imr why the
precious metals should not form the body
I of our circulation, as well, or better, and more ,
j certainly than they i v constitute, as piat*. nd
-1 ed by the advocates ui Banks, the basis of that
circulation.
But, a* to actual quantity, let me ask, ha* '
Hl ch round ever form* 1 any idea of the vast
amount us these metak which must Lave been
extracted from all th-- mines in the world prior
to the discovery <>f America in 1492? This is
truly a point well w< .n , to be considered be
fore giving way to any alarm on the subject.—
Then it he, qt any hotly else is si ill seriously
apprehensive of a<k ii Aney, let him consider
the followingstati tic - taken from Humboldt's
great work, entitled "laaai Politique sur la
Siairelle Espayne." “This illustrious travel
er’,’says MtCullock. in his Dictionary of Com
merce, “besides being acquainted wit!! all that
bad been written on the subject, and having
rca»ly access to official sources of information
unknown to other writers, was well verstd in
the theory and practice of mining, ami criti-
■ cully examined several of the most celebrated
i mines. He was, therefore, incomparably bet
! ter qualified for forming correct conclusions a»
to the productiveness us the mines than any of
; those who had hitherto specuhited upon the
subject.” According to this great authe»rity.
the supplies of the precious metal, derived from
| Amerlt-a alone, from 1492,t0 1803, were as
follows:
1492 to 1500, aa'l av'ge $250,000, for 8 y'rs,
#2,000,000 1500 to 1545 an'i av'gu $3,000,000
• for 45 y’r* $135,000,000 1545 to 1600 an’] av'ge
$11,000,000 tor 55 y’r*. $605,000,000 1600 to
1700 an'l av'gu $16,000,000 for 100 y'rs sl,-
i 600,000,000 1700 to 1750 an l av'ge. $22,500,- ’
<7OO for 50 y’rs $1,125,0 ; >“,<“»0 1750 to 1803
an'l av’ge $35,300,000 for 53 y rs $2.>24.000,- t
000. Grand sum total in America in 311 y'rs
$6,271.< ; ’O,OOO.
Contemplate th;* vast sum of six thousand,
, two hundred ami ninety-one millions, attent-
■ ively. Divide it out among the commercial
nation.) of tlie world in sonic reasonable pro- j
portion to their indust-ial and commercial ac- :
tisity, am! say w hether this w ould not supply
them all with a currency of ample volume end
amount ? If still uneasy , remember that tliia i
*tu|>vn<louß sum wa* taken from the mines of ‘
America, alum , in little more than three him
tired year* from its first discovery ; and if you ■
! please*, add to it that other untold but certain
‘ ly enormous sum which has been taken from
i all the mines us every other part of the earth
, inevery ago. from its lirst creation down to .
that same blessed yearofour Lord, 1803. As-
, ter you shall have formed, a* nearly as you i
; can, an adequate conception us the united vid- i
i ae us these two va?-t masses of wealth, repeat
■the fearful question of Richmond, “where is
the gold to come from to Luy a -ingle crop of
cottonT I-it p<’-sibk that any rtu.«o!iable
man can still be sincerely, teriously apprehen
sive? if there be such a man, let me say to
him, that there is still another va< sum of the .
preuiou* metal- to which 1 havvih*t yet called
atti ntion. I refer t<> the thousand* us n/Jlious i
that have been taken from all the mints ui the
world within the last fifty-live years, from ;
1a(.)3 -•» Never, in the history of our
ra< e, have mining operations been curried on ,
v.xtvh-Acly or witii sueh>kill, energy and
.*iiu«A--, ns during this period. And to-day
■ they ale conducted with Anglo-Saxon energy
in vw;y quurtvi oi’ rid. *timuhi;c<l by a
. d*iit of wealth a* intense a* it is universal,!
and mded by all the meuii-and appliances w ha h 1
s«-n nee ha suggv.-ted, and experience perfect- ,
ed. tonirtkv them < ui taiuly and largeA success- I
I ful.
California alone i- now yielding more than
1 all tlie mints of the world fifty year* ago, and ;
Aii'lrj'ia is rivaiiii._ California! Ob-erve,
; too. that these two -rand sources of supply ,
ar» in tin Lun-l* oi the two ,. r ’■ atest commer- •
< i:J communities in the world —England and:
; the I nitvd Siate.-—the one making, the other
( manuiacturing the great bulk ot the cotton
rop of t rid. 2 hat they hit* e ;»r
rta.-oji.-, and many other*, vast dtakn;. * with
en«h other -mi that only a eomparativtly
; .-sjn.ill sum i* .•c(*a*ionaHy w anted t > y:iy an ou-
< asiojial balam e, on« way ■ r the other, and
then r.-k, if y<».i ran, “where is the gold to
' come f rum to buy a single crop oicuttonf’
Mill further to illu.-trate, and if po--ible to
, simplify the mode of conducting c-.‘!ninercial
tran.*acti< ns, nnd to show the comparatively
small amuu nt ofcash required, 1 shall take a
i statement of ‘*li;chnio!td ' himself. lit- says
i “ten mvrcentile house.} can be named in Au
gusta. whose country customers owe them
tw e'vv hundred tlioi.,-;:nd duii;.r.*.. And th..* is
| only an example." To maxc his example
I seemingly a* fmmidaMt- a pu- ible, I pir.-uine
' nv took the u-n most extensive mercantile
i hou.-c-. having the large-t ma -of indebted
i< < unlry (i! timers. But let tl ;.t pa-*. I ask
, li<*w are t "-c » <»antry cu-tuimrs to pay ?
j With wlt.-.r mu*t they pay t it is wit!i paper
m -ney. v»u’i when w-.- haxcan a’.-undanue of ;
. t: .i, a’;'! no . <>tn ar all, or with country pro- .
d.;. -( tual if they <! • .mt pay with paper
. w av. it-.-... p.-'.j cr t;r.-iii.-,'
wo'ibl i■ -j p?.y v. ith < i>in. .. we had a- -.a
nivi.tb..- < i; *en< y < D it !u>! obvimi- th;.’., in
! "U’i « - th'-'t* f y m<; mer* m. t p-’.y,
r..i i *.\ witii wLii thev !, /. ■ ;*,. iu
ct:. n :.:.;l" ..(her -t,. th:.! i:;- '
wleibtr. f pap.r it
temporarily, vr to pay I ir i
it.*'.- !.n totr.-e-.. mim'.te!.. t!;e tran-a mm*
by v.l.ieh tbi- imb-bo. bn - ' < i country cnsto- .
in -i•. i* d;--Liirgt <l. in ord-r to j. ’. --. ’:vv that
nauiey. whether < f paper or (■•'in. play’-* but a
-u! >i I’.i'ia’- part, k f<*r chi--- who a**urt
tbm coin i .-mnot !>u imid-- to perform tlip.t sub
“rd’.imtv and teinp’’Tary service, to make g«»< d
that
A. a country rusk mer, owe- B. an Angnsta
; merchant, eight hundred dollars, and B owe.*
;<\hNvw York importer, eight hundred dol
lar* for goods got • 1 D. an English manufac
. turt-r. A ha* twenty bales of cotton w orth
> eight hundred doll; rs, w ith which he pay.- B,
B pay* C. and C pays D. The* inertn*ed value
■ of the cutton, a* it goes along, pay s all the ex
pun.-e* of transportation, and we have twenty-
I four hundred dollars of debts exting'ib Lt d
I without the intervention of any e:i-h. It is
, immaterial for any purpo- ■, where thi* procc.-.'
jof payment begins or ends. A might .-hip his
{ <-"tt"iit > C. and take in payment a draft on B.
and C pay D a* before, by shipping the <* ’ton
; to him. or by a draft for it- proceed*, if ho
. consigns to any body else. It is thus, by the
' shipment of its own production-*, that every '
I community pays other eommpniti ■« f*>r their-.
! Bills »>f exchange, foreign ami inland, and everv
' other form of commercial paper* drawn upon
I the-e productions may. and commonly do, in
i rerwne to a considerable extent, but money
i rarely, and only to a very limited amount; and
■ payments in ca-b brtwveji one distant point and ■
i another, even in the same country , are hardly
uv> r made in what is called paper money, but
l in Lard cash ; and this is aiw ..ys the case when
the pay mvnt i* between one country and anoth-
, er. It may be said that the w hole vnlue ot the i
twenty bale* of cotton mu-t several times as
-ume tlie form of money before it reaches it*
‘ tiaal point of destination. I <m.swv?-, it im y
do so. but it is mnnifu-rly not indispensably 1
:iece*sary. I will add, that where there is one
sort of paper money current at Augusta, and
I'lothvr *->rt <> ’ pap« r imm» y current at -w
York, and -till another sort current at Liver
pool. then, if the vrliieofthis twenty bales of
• otton doe* om-e as-iimc* the form of the pa|>er
money of any oi the* ■ localities, then that
paper money \;due must be a_;nn changed be- •
i ibru it van trav» :; where!'if at any point it !
.-ho'.dd .i*>UHiv ti v form of gold, it will travel
i idong, every wJo re e.xtingui.shiiig debt alter
debt a* it goes, ami (k*truying the necessity
J n<r :dl thv*e manifold shaving operations upon
v. '.'i ii ban! - ; ml p; per money me;, la'.tvii at
the expense of the toiling world. Suppose A
-ell- his twenty bJes of cotton at JiUgii-la for
tin Ik of art!*] dbl is. D
b.»dy know that with these he cannot pay
; and that he must go to some shaving shop, with
hi* irredeemable paper i::.’i.-.y, and buy at a
g, .-d round premium, a bill of exchange on
New York, which may be met there by the
proceeds of the * !e of this same twenty* bales
of cotton t The price paid tor thi* bill, beyond
it* amount, is called exchange. When bought
with the bills of * i.-jtended banks, it is always ;
lii.-h; w hen bm’-.ht with specie, it is always
i very small, sometimes nothing, which proves
, that the “trouble, risk, delay and expense” of
remitting coin, paraded by paper money men,
if not intended for popular delusion, is little
better than idle clamur.
It is thus apparent that when commodities
do t ike the form- f money, it is but momen
tarily. nnd is a’way -in that of the money cur
rent at that place only where the transforma
tion is made, if it h« paper money, but would j
be current everywhere if it were gold and -il- '
ver. This universal currency, it it w< re gold and
silver, would, if we had a sound metallic curren
cy. put an end to those heavy exactions levied j
by banks and brokers under the abused name i
of exc hange* upon the commerce of the coun
try. Exactions by which they accumulat*?
larger sums than would pay for .he transfer,
in-'.irancu and safe delivery of ail die gold and
silver balances necessary to the most active
and expanded .commerce. It must Ire appa- .
rent that banks and other shaving shops, deal-
ing in wluit is calh-J exchange, have a direct
interest in preventing a recurrence to a sound
metalic currency, and in diversifying as far as
possible our paper money. All that is requi
site for any place, is to have money enough
to effect the transfer or exchange of commodi
ties usually occurring at that place, and it is
manifestly for ths interest of the whole coin
. munity, except the money changers, that this ;
should be money universally currept to save
the productive and laboring classes from the
necessity of being driven into the shaving mills
to get money in one place available as money
!in another. The amount required at one place
bearsa small proportion to the aggregate value
: < f the commodities exchanged at that place !
for two reasons; first, because it is required in
many instances only to pay balances, and sec- |
ondly, became the same money w ill, in a very
short time, pay many debts, or effect many ex
changes. Kverybody can set how the twenty
bales of cotton paid first A s debt to B. then
B’s dvht to (J, C’s debt to D. and might have
continm 4 to pay debt utter debt to the end of )
the alphabet. Everybody can see that gold :
. or silver would du the same thing every where, ■
i w hile paper money could not. Every hotly can
see how the eight hundred dollars of paper i
: money even, received by A fur hi* cotton at
■ Augu-ta. mry go into the bank whence it came ;
fora bill of exchange, and be withdrawn again •
j to buy ".nuther twenty bales of cotten nt Au- ;
gustn. al! within an hour. And seeing this. I
| everybody must :-<*e the futility and absurdity j
of the idea of “ taking one hundred million* of
dollars in coin from the usual ramifications of ;
' trade and devoting it exclusively to pay tor a !
-ingh article.” It w’ould puzzle the author of
this idea to -how that half that sum can be
found in all the ramilications ot trade in this
country, unless he means the trade in mumy
by banks and broker*, or how we ever shall .
have it ramifying into trade generally so lung
. a- we submit to the abuses ut the paper money
| system.
Here I shnll close for the present, remarking
that 1 am simply what I profess t<> be, a farm
er. I desire to see thi* question of the currency ;
honestly mid thoruuid iy discus** d and hr. light
i home to the comprehension «'f the masses,
whose interests it so -eriously affect . Let tiie
truth be revealed, so that the popular mind
can gra-p. and the popular heart embrace it.
A FARMER.
OF TEE TOION.
The mu-t timid conservative we have in the
Southern Sta K-cannot deny, liowe\er much be
nuu. dvpl-re, the f:u t. [Lat a di.! <-n of ti e
Ti i'*n i* po -ibiu; let u* suppose, lor the mo
me.'it, that it i* Ir ritable. Wind, then, msy
..
. such an event ? Should we cea-<.• to < y
ton--a.* the New York Mirror in.-ist*? ill ■
our agricuLurv .-uffvr in-tant ami univ* r*a!
' hliifbt ami onr cuimnc-ree fnd»- into e-.t’u <‘uti
—to sa;. nothing - f :’.»«• ditlh ultie* r.ml horror*
to be e.xperi* :>< rd, in endeavorim - to keep in
proper subj.-< t.on a rebellious race bond -
men- ::* i? constantly a—citv.’by tin A’ "’;-
tioni.-ts •
If the Union were d’ olwd to-morrow—-
wi;:: ■ -:t aio t’e'ng being -aid it ’ '•*
probable tn.-t ninety-nine one bumlre lth* of
tin pl.-pula*ion of the Southern Stat*<
nertr kiicic the fad, ♦ x »pt by a le.-cmugof
t:; v a-.io!. ri d H '.'ntr-J inq U» \t Tm /.T tr !e.
In so < fdig’it'-ned ac ■' i.tm a><‘i:r*. the people
rc.-.liv and truiv rcqu-i : v frw is., - tu i very
little legi?) t<> ; I w hat ey »
it ure, i ■ ■
already applied, and more than si;pp!i»d, by
our State Governments
Thu Unhm wa* (.ngin:d!y o.'ra'iu:i d by the ‘
letUfiTtts* nnd mutual d ( }.< •* us tire Coh n .
ie-: audit wa* formed to uompa-curtain end*,
tin* •*'('''mpli-hH.rat of v. hiuh was then in cer
tain a:.d pr.» pc- tivc, but which w hav. ‘eng
sim v lunched ami .-t".::* *l. The aid. ’bur. .ore,
‘ which the Sou*’. n .• i;r-. ’ of ih 'Sorth :wd
the Nor’liuftin Soui’i in 1776 an ! !7‘ ; i’. i" ?•'-
juir?'! ’ • g.*r '■> mthtr. The avr: T.’t’irni ■
-ea! of the >uut!; are now I'.hamLin. ly t r.b’c
i to !:-.k • C!WU (if th-.13S ’.vv*. ami there is co lie
u< --/y of lliuir «•• »:.*t:ut g to puy iifis nd'dions
• < oh;u:ui’ur ;- *i‘ .d .■'!•■' the V • 4’.
and .'J a.j i. id turn: :
prod us the >- ’h'.. r:. StaA'.r ;
ai- ' -trim. :-:' and ?.*• ;• »■ um :;.uiy;. ;d*tu than
the rnar’.’. <•!!’.- t!'c M’ d’.'S I’■
whiuii win uii.d ■ •.ur the v. !•;•!■• v.mb! in c'.er-
Li-’.i.’ig !.*• ml* of pc'.'.ue wii.h th; g! <•.;! Soib'h
‘ ern .i-iic. l.t niintrelal intins- v i’l r»ot
only make a!! Europe cur s r..d frier.:!-. :
butt.hu Northern >tao.-■’-J a
tion of the I fiion, therefore, by no im ..:'.-
b- a di.-sulutiuii of the bond.- v. hi h c.mnuut in
to the North in I* -.*!iimitu, pc.;- t t‘r ■ :v'ily
trade — -nor in any; ’ e » :•.<•( j i. an oi l. <ni
I erous. wor’ioui. ..,<*. u:. ■ 1 -y.,tu:;i us (X
‘ ternal Goetrninenl im ry.
It is now conv ntly a-- rtwl by b-rb North
ern nnd Southern w riters that we of the North
■ and South are tro y.- pie. If wc are. then,
what Larm cuu’.J tio.i*. Lv in r pca<" iv di*--
i selling our pru-unt cumuut'’ ■ <. nnd forming
i other* which w< dJ mt’\. . .... bi; ccnform t<*
' the present condition us u;.- !i : - wl;ich would
relieve the North of thu bai l o! c. r sin <J
slicer and the South of th .u-pre- Ac v.
: id protection which h;v bcur: b>r ape
! riod thrust upon her by la r J’;.; i ..:i conie ltr- :
ate- on the other side of the I’utomau.
' Wc low the Union because of the history of
I the past and the remembrance of common
forefathers, and we haw b<. n willing on these '
accounts logo so far as even to pay tribute for
its preservation. If intcre-t alone were con-
I ccrued, we would say dissolve to-morrow, for
wc know not of one single instance where the :
i South derived any advantage from its pruserva- :
tion it might not have without.
One of the leading objects of the Union of •
the .‘states was, to have one common agent to .
..It treat
j ies with foreign powers are made for any bene- i
i fit tu the South; and we know of nu interna!
policy wheruin tlie rights us the South are pro- 1
icctcd, or her intuic.-ts cherished and fostered 1
i by the Vpion to any extent which the South 1
wuul 1 not Lu able to supply hvr ulf.
Much has us late been said by the Northern ■
press in relation to what would be tlie condi- '
i tion of the South in the event of dissolution, I
We tell them now, once tbr all, that they do I
not und. r.-t.uid us. No people on the face of i
: the uurth arc Letter prepar'd to take cure of ‘
t!iu:n- !vis th in dciu* . b . .h...b. ■ • i.otl.Hig '
i but what the whole world desires to pun iiase, j
and we win afford the Lest market in the wi rid I
f >r the productions nnd mauufa 'lures of other |
nations. In case of war, we can raise more I
sold’urs, in proportion t*» population, than ti’iy
power in the world. Evury man and boy.'
without exception, in the South, understands :
t.’iuiHeot flic arms, and i* a natural born horse- :
mam We haw a papulation among us, which i
, can l>e employed in making provisions, while I
the whole body of able-bodied white men can i
be employed as soldier.-. Thun the legitimate ;
deduction* are, that we arc able to take rare I
of uursvlvus, and, so far a* inturc-t alone is con- '
cernvd, it would be far butter tbr us that we
begin tu do so at unce.
Sell yoi r ('i;oi*. —Southern cotton planter?
are wont, in s.-asun of low prices, to hold on
and store their crops in U arubousLS. i.us i>
often a policy very inconvenient to many utb- .
ur-. and the Montgomery Mail hits it very hard.
“How much experience must Alabamians
have? Wiil they never give up the one idea
i-utton, and plant something else, and learn tu
■ liw at home, and be tree mum shed oil the
; old. worn out, tattered and demisable cloak—
•• 1 haven’t suld my cotton.’' orl could pay yuu
I for the bread, meat, mules, a id very many
other tilings, that really ought to be raised at
home. Plant cotton just enough to buy, yuur
j real necessities, ur such things as must be '
bought—get it out while the roads aud weath- ,
! er are good—run it to market, and sell it as
i fast as you cun get it out—pay out the money, ;
■' and go home and sleep sound, und not harass
your wife und friends, with a face as long as a
horse’s, and complaints us unjust and bard
i hearted creditors, that won’t wait (till doom's !
day.) till 1 sell my cotton.”
THE SOUTH'S CONTRIBUTIONS
In the last eight years the proportion w hich
the South has contributed to the foreign ex
ports of the country has doubled.
I*so 1857. Increase.
Cotton... .$66,886,967 $131,575,859
Tobacco... 5.804,207 20,360,772
Rice 2,569,862 2,290,400
Sugar 24,006 190,012
Hump 8,248 46,907
Naval stores 845,164 1,638,728
Breadstuff's 2,407,506 9,624,408
Total South 78,056,570 165,537,318 87,490,766
Total North 52,696,037 113,360,387 60,663,760
T0ta1.... 130,753,207 278,907,718 145,154,506
G01d.... 956,874 80,078,b52 59.121,476
It may be doubted if mure solid and general
prosperity is enjoyed by any people on earth
than exists throughout the slaveh* ’ ’.'mg
notwithstanding the heavy losses endured by
their staple.*, grow ing mainly out of the spec
ulations and over trading of other sections. —
Under our federal system the North necessari
ly reaps the fruits of this Southern opulence,
and under a . v*tem us reciprocal benefits, no
one would object. The North benefits as
much by Southern pr perlty as would Great
Britain, if all the Custom Houses of Europe
were thrown dow n and al! its shipping except
h r own were at once destroyed.— Del‘>ou s
Press.
What they Shoi i d Do. —The Picayune has
a leader on the true policy of the South. The
; >!L>w ing is the striking feature :
The planting community of the South should
nt once determine to produce all which is uec
e.s*:'.ry 5 - iti coneumpticn. It should not be
the aim to increase the number of bales of cot
ton, but to fai-s the pork, ip produce the corn,
tu rear th* mnle-s and horses necessary to the
wcil-being and the future eaccess of business.
Independence of N-rtiu rn or Western farmers
should at orme Ie declared. Freedom from the
Uuce-<ity of sending money to the Northern
msnufaeturers «*f ntgn* ch thins, huts and shoes,
should be speedily secure*!. This is easily at-
Uined; and, w n -rw *r it I.ns been atb inptvd
by planters at the South, it has secured them
umi.-aia! pro-ptrity w hen market* were buoy
ant, am! found them self-reliant hi times of gen
eral disaster.
IDVEBTISED LETI'EBo.
Efollowing i» » b*l atera vmvA\ .: uaeaU
-1 e«i f< »in tbr I'. *l Oftce, at Macon, on the Jrd
Muruh i’-.J.
calling fur any of them, will pl«*s«
for tul ver listed leiieis.
J J.-tcksmi,
Johnson, Luara
Jchnsmw, Anthony
J .f~*. 55 di.my J
J. rd«»n, Uxsafoin
Jot'V•, Jul;n i'
<n. Mclissy
J :>n V S
Johr.sion. Win
Jones, 0 W
Junes Lawrence
Johnson, Anta L
Johnson, (Jen H
Jennings, lia
Johns'in, A K
A kelly. Gee F
ktnbiev. liiGs Si
U' ugvh ‘■' d'»r«
Kec are, Tuoa
L aruar, Mrs H G
Lislic, Win
1.1.». .'1 ”5 • arulina
Luyie.v., Henry M
; •! IS, J«spel i
J I ;Uk, U H
1»4 aoi: , A J
Lumpier, LU
& Ad! li , J
.M- igun, Joseph
MclUllltV, !• J
McCUuug, IL.-L L
Mchinnf., A it
Morui. A i’»
MuL .t. le.l Mitchell
M ;i u w J *<: kman;
s'<v< :i, D E
Msim’ g?!' J
V’i'.tT. J W
lieury
s‘..inch. Margaret
Moure 55’ >
A cMuhan, Miss Lucy J
Svir, A T
McCo<iy, John
s’. sti», .: *»
Maine . f K
McLluuii Mrs TU«»a.!»
Mft. !.. .'..tl
Met our.rib Sirs V 5 iiiiam
Miner, .<. • > A D
MIH, IM J
lUi'.i.e* *, Lu bi rd 11
Moure, (it !;,- A
Hume’. Tm < 3
Me Sab! Mr a
Mien, K A
McKn.m;. Master tftui’l
i. ole, J i.
M<« U!.n, lieu W
Si ear. Mi 3 J a;. 3
_M» i *. . ..*» M A
sU»»ev, Thus
Miller. Mrs .>
X Sauce, <' B
Aance, ihudca
>e : *. i, K
0 UgKtrre, Naaoy
♦ M’.a Anu
: . ger Henry
Ojiaunun, ilia
,p I’rnti.ni'.:, Mr* Robert
I’upe, Mrs Mary E
i’a/e, \\ Uhuu ’
Louer, GG w
I'm» 11' * *
q Q..:nan, M T
a Mia T A
Iteid, Dr D W
Riggins, Mi'b Sallio
Riggu.s, M.ss S A T
Kuasell, Sr Benj
Ray, Isaac
Kk’.idolpll, A
Kogers, i.ugeuicr P
Rogers, A am
Ryals, iliss Jane
Roberts, ."oloruon
Russell, Newlun
Roberu, Luuia (col)
Kuciia, r
Raines, M
S Scheier, Mr
Si.apson, James
Sictemson, l>aac C
Samuel, Harris
irSlunaen, 1'
Stokes, Win A
Smith, Sydney
Schmidt, Mrs Mary
smith. Geo 51
Seers, J G
Story, Mrs -Mary
Struble, 1' A
Stukc», Sil van us
Stewart, Dr F 11
Spicer, Eiizabeih
Scarbmuuga, Mrs Mary G
Strausun, E J
Smith, Mrs A R
Scott, Miss Etuabeth
Scott, Lucy A
sultou J J
Smith, I ehx J
Smith, 55 m
Stiipling. MissS A
Scarborough, Hou J J
Searcy 1 auny M
Smith, da.-* A
Skipper, I hus J
T lay lor, A t u Messrs G M
1 Miikct >lv, Mua Georgia T
iay lor, MiS R
1 ucker, Mis.-, Laura C
1 ay lor, Charles k col;
TL* i ma?, M .■>
lot urn, V\ m J
I huma-, Cmuiiue W
1 ippet, Sanlcid
ILmnu.-* Paul
Tutt, Benjamin
Tucaer, John A
J hoiupson, Mrs France*
Tucker, Cain
V —5 inceut, Mrs E A
Vaughn, J B
\ aienhue, Win W
Valentine, Me -. Mary M
W -Wellard, Henry
55 ulsh, Miss Margaiet
sVilder, Green
IVhi;taker, Miss Martha B
sV<»u!folk, Thomas
sVilson, Hugh M
sViiliain», J S
Walroud, 55' 11
Whaley, Ebjah
Wrve, Wm
Wifliaius, John F
Wilkinson, Mrs 5V’
Ward, Miss JieUie
W ilhimtt, Miss K A
Wingate, Peter A
Warren, Thus E
Warren. 55’ E
Wood, Miss Elizabeth
Wattam, Mrs Sarah
Winters, Joseph 11
A ’• I*; -*'o, \mu g
Abbot, .'ll* .■*;♦! ;ih
Audrey.-. Wm
Aval’’, V:-* 8
AudnsoD, Wiley
.srn"i:.Mr* Julia E
Abdrtw John
An sly, J G
4 rniui.d, S;;rjh E
Xixl 'rtu* .tbi-ha
Adaiu*, Janie*
B i.! ■> a t.f. rge W
BfDjiitniii Wluster
d*.i. I>r
Bu*tiu Miss bi E 8
iicl.n, Car ima
B a er, ?»lrs tlariet
ii ~r, iu;-.-: J
El i-5 David p
Blici.a.V.m, 8 B
Be’.imt Hr* W
B •.dl. Mi E 8
Biuwii lU.’Lei
! Mr.-
„U*>; : T; s H
Un.T'lh’i Eiigineti
Hi i nn, A ii - r S t
i-A DGti. Miller
; Beusiev, Robert
1 i‘nrD*,‘Jahn
' Bower J E
•• er., I. J
■ J J.;, by, P G
!>oinn.r. Dr B f C
Sa i. - John Ii
' Bu-•. Dmue &Co
bird, Joan
i Bu.An, Margarut
, Bedfoi n. K M
i.‘. - /a’.. Morgan
lan, Beiij
i B. ’Uni, Betij
Ba-. v‘, J u-j**
* i.\, li-Aland
l.’ui.t--.. is M ii
Ber.-.b-- Wki B-
C -t -"bi'ton, Wm.
( ..nb. G
I’,.’ .... 1 ta.: a.
I tnq be»t, J !1
(■ •rr*, Aoraiu
i G D
tiii v. 4 J
L xft.d 5 Mr. M K
; . . Lucretia
t .a,’ Margaret
( at ter, Jai
« '.JbaD.e, Lucinda
< a. u.ev. Mary
( raft.’hidrtr S C
( ope Jran L
C»ri« , JoMph
Carter, I J ‘
CaiboUQ, I’ urin
CureNa *>uel r
a
L‘ i>ore.ss J fm
Dug-r, M.uua-rtl
iMuVrs.'
D.i-b- G W
uyrr, John
Di'u '.ii, A M
ib j Win J
p.iuon, Isauc
Du' ..in , M u
Di'l.au.eie, Madame
Demp.*<.;.. Elizabeth
I>Vl- .u, J J
Darby, Eli
Dana i.- l i 'U&g
Daniel•* Maj .*» IL
Duie, Mrs A
Daniel, Sarah
Davids hi, sancy
Duvis, James
Day, Charles
Dowi.ey. John
Dasher, George 8.
Dav i*. J amu r 11
Davis. Mary J
Davis, Miss P S
Drake, M F
E—Everett, Abram
Einuud, j.awaid Mousiem
Edward*, W L
Ldiuands, Reuben B
Edwards, Edison
Ellis, Wsa P
Erwin, Dutsos
i.llur, 11 A
Lveri-, Rev Vfra
Elder, Andrew J
F rn-’-vi, Chas
Furic ■'ter, < lai a 0
i t.ni, Josiah
l urk, Jacob
i'Uiidui, S
1 osier, At thur
1 ieid, J Jr
f ennel, Josephine
Fergasun, Wm
1-1 •. un.an, Mr W it
G—Griffin, G M
Greer, I neba
Garret Joseph S
Garris, Henry
Ga< <iner, Mrs R
Giuiiziu:, i'.ibc*i
Giass, Jacob
Ciosuij, Robert G
(.iibeit. Mrs E C
Giinby, W 1
Graem Georgia A
Giuve*. Edward
Garey, Daniel
Garvin, James
Guupin, John
Garduci , Mrs R
Glynn, Win
G ready, 11
H 11 an mer, T A
Heiler, H
il UUIU’J, 1 11
Hunter, .SamUel Col
Hamilton, Barab E
Hartwell, b E
House, U
Hen in, James
HamLnck, Lucius
Harris, uf.n A
Baley, //enry
Han is, I aunie A
Hamblen, Richard
Heath, \V it
Hunt, Mr- P
Harkins, Geo S
Harden, .Miss Ella
Hornady, Win J
Hancock,
Haile, Jas
Hampton, J T
Huod, A
Hoilowav, M C
Havulin,* Ida
Holl»y, » r»Bklvi STROHECKEK, P. M
