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“ CHARACTER IS AS NECESSARY TO A STATE AS TO A PRIVATE INDIVIDUAL, AND THE GLORY OF A STATE IS TIIE CO HURON PROPERTY OF ALL ITS CITIZENS.”
BY SAM’L J. RAY.
MACON, GA., TUESDAY MORNING. FEBRUARY 13. 1849.
VOT, XVm-_NO. 29
THE
GEORGIA TELEGRAPH
is PUBLISHED
EVERY TUESDAY MORNING,
BY SAMUEL J. RAY.
TEBHfM.
For the paper in advance, per annum, #2 50. *
If not paid in advance #3 00.
If not paid until the cud of the year S3 90.
No paper discontinued, except at the option of the
Publisher. until all arrearage* are paid.
AnvxnTisxsntxTS at the tegular charge, will be Si
a aqoare of ten lines or let*, for the first iuaertion, and
SO cant* for each aubaoquent continuance.
Advertisers by the year will be contracted with oa
liberal term*, it being expreaaly underatood that con-
tract* for yearly advertising, relate only to the immedi-
$Ue, legitimate buaiueaa of tho individual or parties
pontrtctiDg>
Advertiaeuicnta not specified aa to timo, will be pn-q
liahed until forbid and charged accordingly.
MiRRtAOEs tt:1! l Obituary Noticea exceeding Tin
Sivsa. will bo charged aa advertisements.
17*N. B. Saloa of Lands, by Administrators, Ex
saators, or Ouardiana, are required by law, to be held
on the firvt Tuesday in tue month between the boars
ot 10 in the forenoon, and 3 in tho afternoon, at the
Court-House, in the County in which die Land is situ-
atod. Noticea of these sales roust be given in apnbhc
gazette sixty DATS previous to the day of sale.
Salca of Naonoxa must be made at a public auction
on tho first Taeadny of the month, between the aauhl
boom of sale, at the place qf pnhlio sales in the County
where the Letters Testamentary, of Administration
or Guardianship, niay have been granted, first giving
SlttY pats notice thereof, in onq of the public gazettes
of this .State, auq at the door of the Court Houso, where
aueb sales aro to he held.
Notice for tbo aalo ofPeraonal Property mast be giv
cn in like manner rqxTY days previous to the day of
*"Notice to the Debtors and Creditors of an estate mast
be uuKlislied FOUTy days.
Notice that application will bo rondo to the Contt of
Ordinary for leave to sell La$u, roust be published for
rooa MONTHS.',
Notice for losve to sell Negroes must bo published
for roca months, before any qrdor absolute shall be
msde thereon by die Court. *
Citations for letter* of Administration, mast be
published thirty pats—for dismission from edminis.
Arstioo. monthly six months—.for dismission from
Guardianship, forty pays.
Holes for the foreclosure of Mortgage must be pub-
dished monthly for four months—for esublishiue
Inst papers, for tho rULL space of thhee months—lor
to.npelliug tides from Executors or Administrators,
where a Bond haa been given by die iloceased, the
yoLT. stack of three months.
Publications will always be continued according to
theso legal requirements, unless otherwise ordered.
* “All letters directed to this Office ortho Editor on
basines*. must ho post p tin. to insure attention.
FrcsSt Giarricu Seeds.
JCST RECEIVED AND FOR' SALE BY
GEORGE l’AVNE, Druggist, Macon.
GEORGIA TELEGRAPH
CHERRY STREET—-MACON, GEORGIA.
Ilsving recently added a new and complete assort
ment of JO II and.FA.NCY TYPE to our office,
we are uow prepared to execute wifii neatuesa and
at short notice, JOB PRINTING of every description
ALL KINDS OF PLAIN. FANCY AND OHXAIICKTAL
printing:
Such <M—PAMPHLETS, DllAY RECEIPTS,
HANDBILLS, VISITfRO CARDS,
Asparagus, giant
Beans, early Mohawk or
six weeks
Beans, cariy white duater
Beans, large white kidney
Beaus, refugee or 1000 to 1
Beans, large white Lima
Beaus, white Dutch run
ning
Beans, Dutch rase knife
Beet, fong blood
Beet, early blood turnip .
Beet, white sngar
Beet, Mangel XVurtzel
Cabbage, early York
Cabbage, early drumhead
Cabbage, early Oxhart
Cabbage, cprly sugar loaf
Cabhage, early Battersea
oobhage, large York
Cabbage, large late drum
head
Cabbage, large late Ber-
- gen
Cabbage, drumhead Savoy
Cabbage, large German,
the largest for cattle
Cabbage, green glazed fer
warm climate
Cabbage, turnip rooted a-
bove ground ,
C arrot, long orango
CaiTot, blood red
Cauliflower, early
Celery, white solid
Cucumber, long green
Cucumber, early green
Cucumber, early cluster
Egg I’iant, large purple
Flower Seeds
Lettuce, green ieehend
Lettuce, early cabbage-
head
Lettuce, early ice coss
Melon,‘Nutmeg
Melon, uettled Humana
Melon, large rantelenpe
Okra, long white
Onion, silverikin
Onion, whit* Portugal
Onion, largr red
Parsley, double curled
Parsnip, large-cup
Peas,-early May
Peas, early six weeks
Peas,caily Washington
Peas, early Charlton
Peas, qsrly dwarfmarrow
fat
Peas, early dwarf sugar
Peas, large Marrowfat
Pepper, tomatto shaped
Pepper, aweet Spanish
llartub, early scarlet
R.-idiah t> long early abort
top ‘ •
Radish, scarlet turnip
Radiili, white turnip
Radish, long white turnip
Salsifi or vegetable oyster
Spinach, round
-Squash, early bush
■Squash, cocoa nut
Tomatto, large red
Tcmatto, pear shaped
arly flat Dutch
Turnip, early
Turnip, red top
Turnip, Hanover
Thyme,
Msijonim, sweet
Lucerne or French Clover
Millet for Cowa.
!e, greei
Also, a large lot of Perfumery of ail kinds,
jan X 2fi—lit
Practical School of Medicine and
Surgery.
T HIS School has been instituted for the purpose of
giving to private pupils a thorough course of in
struction, by Lectures and Examiriations. throughout
■be year. Exercises arc given daily.
The Room of the School, at tho Corner of Mulberry
and Third streets, over Mcasrf. Shotwell Ac Gilbert’s
Drug-Store, will be open for students from C q’pluck, A.
M-, to 10 P. M. It is furnished wiyli Apparates, pre
parations and plates illustrative of Anatomy and other
ornuciief, and with a collection of the important arti
cles of the Materia Medioa. -\!so, an extensive Med
ical Library mid Text Books, and the roost valuable
Medical Periodicals of this country nud Europe.
Tile regular exercises commenced on Monday, the
23d inst.
No (Kiins nor expense will be spared, to affo-d eve
ry advantage to oar students. Private examinations
of patient*, both uiedical'and surgical, with particular
regard to the treatment of the disease! and accident!
likelv to fall under the care of a general practitioner,
will bo constantly mnde. .
The means for the study of Practical Anatomy will
be as great as students desire.
Board may he obtained at from 12 to fils per month,
lodging iuclnded.
The charge to students for 12 months instruction is
6100, or $30 for a session.
Any furthcriuformatiouiuay he obtained hv address
ing the uudersighed. BOON A BENSON.
Macon..Oct. 81.1618. 10-tf
ADDRESS
TO THE PEOPLE OF THE U. STATES.
Fellow-Citizens : We are deairooa of comma
ning with yon on a subject which is, in oar judgment,
intimately connected with the peace and harmony of
the Union. W'e make no apology for doing so: our
justification will be found in the motive which induce:
this address, and in the object Which ir seeks to ac
complish. That motive is. to preserve in its original
freshness, and vigor the fraternal feeling which ani
mated dor fathers—that prompted them to “ordain
and establish" a constitution, which, uniting us as
one people, haa enabled ns to advance with a rapidi
ty unexampled in fbe history of mao to our present
eminent rank among the nations of jhe world. The
B LANKETS and Negro Cloth, for sale by
Oct 17 '
J. SEYMOUR.
labels, cotton, keckitt
CARDS, BLANKS,
CIRCULARS, CHECKS,
NOTES, Ac. Ac.
All orders from the city or country promptly at-
feuded to.
Macon, January. 1849.
8- & ft. P HALL,
A TTORNKYS AT LAW’—Macon, G a:—Practice
olsL in Uihh, Mquroe,. Pike, Crawford, Tsvigga, and
Dooly counties'; also in the .Supreme Cqurt at Mocuu,
Decatur, TalbofSou and Anidricua.
J VOffleo qver Scott, Cabort A Co.
Macon, Nov. 11 13—9m
G OLD PENS—A large lot of Gold l’cus, (warrant
ed)* ery low by p.L.BPfUr”"’"
' oct 24
1NETT.
OLD PENCILS, Slides, Hearts, Gold and silver
Spectacles, Finger 11 lugs. For sale by
oct 84, B. L. BURKETT.
^J_OLl> Studs of the newest and latestfashions. for
sale low by
oct 24
B. L. BURNETT.
oct 24
E\V choice Indies Breast Pins. Ear Rings, Brace
leu of tho latest New York faahi.ius, very low by
B. L. BURNETT.
19.0 Sacks Alum salt, two bushels iu each sack.
to arrive in a few days, and for sale by-
Oct 17 J. SEYMOUR.
GATHERS fresh Ten'nease A Georgia Feathers
F K
o
of good quality, for sale by
oct 17
J. SEYMOUR.
gTEWART’S Steam Refined Syrup—an excel
lent article for family use, for sale by-
Oct 17 J. SfcYMOUR.
f.nuirr & An<lerson,
4 TTOUNEYS AT LAAA’, V troN. G* -Wi!lreg I J
JX. ularly nliend the Courts of Bibb, Monroe, Pike, \ ~-
Crawford. Houston, Jones and Twiggs counKcs. One I -
or both will always he found ju their office, next door
100 Nails- for sale by J. SEYMOUR.
Oct 17
wva
XVm. HenhyAxdeiuon,
(Intel of Virginia.
Macon, January lgt. 1919.
Robert S. Lanier.
fobs 25
W. T. A A. IS. Colquitt,
I IF—MACON, GA.
ATTORSIES AT LA
W ILL practice in Bibb nod all the »d.piceutcoun
ties- All business entrusted to their care will
meet with prompt uttention,
ty Office iu tiie Merchants Bank Buildings. Mul
berry street, formerly office Brandi Bank Central
Rail Hoad A Bonking Company,
feb 22 87-tf
Scinvarti & I-.ove,
4 TTORNEY3 AT LAW—ThoXasviluc, Timm
IY. as county, (fa.—Will practice in the Courts of
She Southern Circuit; iu the counties of Baker and
Decatur of tbo Smith western Circuit, and the adjoin
ing counties of Florida. .
jane 27 '
fS-ly
X’ine Leaf ‘-•Mcdar Swan”
and “Windmill” brands, genaine importation, for
sale by T. C. DEMPSEY,
oct 31
*> Pipes Holland Gin,
O ! " "
LOANS! CLOAKS 11—The sahserihorp have
J on hand and areVlailv manufacturing, ali kipdj qf
Cloaks, which they will sell at very luw prices.
........ -•Bpp r y -
E. SAULSBji
B AGGING. Rope and Twine. For sale by
J. S. RICHARDSON,
Cotton Avenue.
riTEN hhda Molasses and N O Syrup. For sale by
E J. 8. RICHARDSON, Cotton Avenue.
Of kO Sacks 8a)r. For sale by
J. s. RICRARDSON, Cotton Avenue.
Choice Havana Sugars. Eficacia, Rio
20,009 Hondo, Esmeralda, Dianua and other
brands. Just received by T. C. DEMPSEY’,
dec 19
Wlicaton & Davies,
4 TTORNEYS AT LAW—Thohasville, Thoro-
J.Y as county, Ga.—Will practicc in the Courts of
lbs Southern Circuit: in the couuties of Baker and
30 Quarter casks low priced Wines, Madeira,
object which we seek to accomplish, is to obtain from
yon a calm, dispassionate, and patriotic consideration
of a series of measures, calculated, we fear, to alien
ate that feeling, and to-beget animosities alike un
friendly to individual and to national prosperity.—
We make no sectional appeal. Wo address our
selves to the whole American people, as to those
who have a common and an equal interest in preserv
ing and perpetuating the friendly relations which
happily subsist •between (be different States of the
Union. If our right thug to present ourselves to your
notice be questioned; we answer that it is the privi‘.
iege of freemen to confer with their fellows on mat
ters of public concern. If it be asked why has. the
present moment been chosen for this address, when
(as it is ssid) no decisive mAaure haa been per-
fected, the answer Is, that the moment most propi
tious to conciliation, is that which precedes, not that
which follows. decisive action on the subject in con
troversy. If, again, it be asked what are ourquali
fications or the task in which we ere engaged, it
feems obvious to reply that the prolonged atten
dance at the seat of government, which, our official
duties demand, and the' part which we are required
to take in the administration of poblic affairs, neces
airily make us familiar prith the course of political
eventj. Bnt we invoke no sid'from official station.
Wo do uot address ypu in oar representative charac
ter- XVe apeak to you as American freemen, and
ask to be heard in the spirit in which we address
yon
The subject to which we would call your attention,
is the controversy unhappily existing"between por
tions of our fellow-citizens in the two great sections
pf the Union, resulting from a diversity of feeling and
of opiiiion, concerning the relation which exists be-
tweep the European and African races, who dwell in
its Southern section. We invite your attention to a
brief narrative of this controversy, its origin and pro
gress, and to that scries of measures to which it has
given rise, which by a large portion of the American
people are deemed injurious to the' interests of the
south, aggressive upon their rights, and alike incon
sistent with the true spirit, intent, acd purpose of oar
constitutional compact. This controversv had its ori
gin at an early period of our history. It began short
ly alter the acknowledgment of our independence,
and has progressively increased, until it has arrayed
in opposite ranks two great pprtions of the Ameri
can people; and that on a subject which is, as to one,
su opinion, a sentiment, or at most, a question of po
Jitical power in the councils of the nation; while to
the other, it is confessedly, of all subjects, of policy,
the most vital. In its progress it has given rise to a
series of messures, which have been" more recently
multiplied with a degree of rapidity' that manifests
the determined purpose and extraordinary activity of
tliosc with whom they originate. These measures
ago all tending to the same result, If carried into ex
ecution. we think their certain effect would be to iu-
flict an injury, the extent of which is difficult to esti
mate, on the Southern States of the Confederacy; to
uuscttle the political relations between the several
United States, as these were adjusted by the cousti-
tution.to destroy the fraternal feeling >vhi Jli now unites
us more firmly" than the paper bands of thst instru
ment; and nccessarilv, therefore, to disturb the peace
and harmony of the Union.
Oar porpose in making the statement which we
propose, is not to e^cjtc, hut rather to allay the up-
pteiieosioos which existing circumstances arg calcu
lated to create, to confront the dangers which threat
en to disturb our peace, and to ayert them (if, by the
blessing of Gi i^ it may be so,) by just, temperate,
and uuited counsels, conceived and executed in tbe
Spirit sf patriotism. In the nn-ment of apprehended
peril, it is the part of prudeuce to ascertain the nature
and extent of Hie danger wliii b threatens us, with e
view to provide and to call into action our met ns ot
tie fence" If tije body politic is afflicted by disease,
a true conception of hs character cqu alone enable us
to effect its cure.
We hare called yoor attention to the origin of this
controversy, and ask You to keep in mind the fact that
it existed lor a lengtli of time before the constitution
was formed; that tliqse who framed that instrument
were thoroughly aroused to the fact of the existence,•
of domestic slavery- in several States of the confedera
cy, had well considereo its character, and were aware
of the determination of tliose States to continue the
use of slave labor, iu the jicsitioii w hich they were
about to assume as members ot the Federal (Jniou.—
The framers of the constitntion were thoroughly ad
vised of the resolve of the people of those States to
enter into no compact which would jeopard this their
peculiar interest, or reduce them, because of the exis
tence of slavery among them, to up equality with
their co-States. Notw ithstanding this, the'controver
sy wss introduced into the convention, nud formed
one of its greatest; difficulties in framing tiie constitu
tion. After ninny efforts is was overcome by an
agreement, which provided, in substance—
1. That represent:tiers and direct taxes shall be
apportioned among the States, according to theirre-
sperrive numbers: and that, in ascertaining the num
ber of each, five shall lie estimated as three;
2, That slaves escaping into States where slavery-
docs not exist, slinll not be discharged from servitude
in consequence of snv law or regulation of such
State; bat shall lie delivered up on claim pf the party
to whom their labor or service is due
3 That Cengress shall not prohibit the importation
of slaves bi-lore the year 1808. but a tax of-ten dol
lars may be imposed on eachone imported;
4. Thst no capitatiou or direct tax shall be laid hot
Union they may dwell, that uny evasion of it is alike
injurious and unjustifiable. This idea cannot be more
Correctly-, and impressively stated, than in the lau-
gaageof two of the judges of the Supreme Court.—
In the case of Prigg vs. the Commonwealth of Penn-
■ sweet Malaga and Port. For sale by
dec 19 T. C. DEMPSEY.
tbo Southern Circuit; in the couuties
Decatur of tho SouthwcUuh) Circuit, ?nd tho enjoin
ing counties of Florida.
jane 37 ~ ; <8—*Y
Platt&fii»ccr.
A TTORNEX’S 4-T LAXV.—Almnt Ga.—Will
practice in the counties of Macon, Dooly, Sum
mer, Leo, Randolph, Early Baker and Decatur, of die
South western, and Laurens, Pulaski, Irwin, Thomas
and Lowndes of the Southern circuit. All business
entrusted to their cure, will rapet with prompt atteu
Zion. E. 11. PLATT,
T- C. SRICER.
june 87 **—!y
'p'UST received, a lot of fine French and_ American
CalfSkin. Also, iiiing and binding skins. Oak
and Hemlock sole-leather, all of which will be sold at
the lowest possible price by-
dec 19 MIX * KIRTLAND.
■JUSTreceived men’s and boys’coarse shoe Luts,
also, Gentlemen's fine boot Lasts, a fine article,
and for sale by MIX A KIRTLAND
dec 18
Joint R. Hays,
A TTORNEAY at LAXV—Bainbridoe,Decatur
county, G.—Practices in tho Sondiwestern Cir
cuit, and in Thomas and Lowndes of tbo Southern
Circuit.
jtma 27 ,*3—*>'
Phillips *V Strong.
A TTORNEYS AT LAXV; La Fayette, Alabama.
XV ill practice in the Countios of Chambers, Tal
lapoosa, Randolph and Knssell.
Hcfcrcncct James Gardner. Esq.. Augurta, Ga.,
Hon. M H. McAllister, Savannah. Samuel J. Ray, Esq.
Macoa, Hideaway A Gui.by, Columbus. Solomon
Levy, Now Orleans, Col. Joo. A. Cutbbert, Mobile.
M'Corniick A Britton, Montgomery. ,
83
P H. Godard A Co superior old Cognac Brandy and
Harris A Son's celehratr ■ - —
Harris A Son's celebrated Port Wine, a few qr.
casks, just received by T. C. pEMPSEY
dec 19
^SLOTHS and Casvimerej—Fine and super. XVest
_ of England and French Cloths and Cassimers of
the best qualities oflered in the market. For sale by
nov21 ' LOGAN A ATKINSON.
CJ HI RTS—A Iresh tapply of fashionable Shirt*, for
13 sale by J. E. SAUL3BURY.
> by
IIOE8, Hats, Crockery.Blankets, Bucket#,Tub*.
and Dry Gr.nds.Ac. Ac. on hand and for arid by
oct 31 J. S. RICHARDSON. Cotton Avenue.
(gUPERFINE Fiour in barrels _and_«ock* u _For
sale by
<iqv 2!
J. SEYMOUR.
“'(i Bags Rio aud Lugaira Coffee. For sale by
OH J.S. RICHARDSON Cotton Avcuno.
oct 31
Now Silk anti Fancy Dress Goods.
M RS. CAREY woold respectfully invite tbe La
dies to calUand examine her new Stock just
Received, of
Changeable figured Poult do Soi
Rich black, watered and plain Silks
Pink, white and blue Groede Afriqnes
Do. Glosses* and MarccUnes, of all colors
Rich Canton and crape Shawls and Scarfs
Vests.
S UP. hlkcsssimere, black satin and fancy silkVests
now opeuiugby J. A E. SAULfiBURY.
nov 28
M'l end black satin and silk Sbawls.plain A plaid
J-.mb'd muslin Robes nod Tulle, with flowers
Slack and white Maline Lace Veils
Embroidered Capes, Cbimisetta and Collars
Cuffs, Sleeves and ttand.'ng Collars
Malino Lace, for awaking caps, capes, Ac. Ac.
Velvet and silk Vuseltes and Jenny Linds
Ribbons, Flowers and Feathers
A large assortment of Fringes and Buttons
Strmc Bonmdlt and Flovcrf, Jutt Rrcrivtd,
A fine assortment of Ladies and Misses Jcnpy Lind,
Ahlna. Pearl, Florence Straw and Rutland Bonnetts.
Also. French ond American Artificial Flowers.
All of which, will be fold on the most moderate
terms, by MRS. M. A CAREY,
nov 21 14 Mulberry street, Macon.
Stilt or Coffee, Ac.
OfifHHIDS. St Croix, P. R. Muscovado and N
Orleans Sugar.
20 Midi. Crashed, Powdered and Loof Sugars
to do Refiued Coffee Sugars
110 bags Rio Coffos
70 do Java
lOcaaog Tea, (some very fine.)
~ ' e Country Fk
30 bbla, Prime Couutrv Flour. For sale by
GRAVES, XyOOD A CO-
septs
Tobacco, Snuff, «Vc.
1 ®OXE8 Tobacco, various brands,
JivU i Bhi,-Maccoboy Snuff,
1 do Scotch do.
. £ do Mrs. Miller’s fine Cat Tobacco. For sale
ghespby GRAVES. XVGOD A CO.
Sept 5
UREAUS, Sideboards, Desks, Secretaries md
Bock Cajtr.f;.’ lu’c bv
*? WOOD A BRADLEY.
Business floats-
B LANKETS, cassimere and Tweeds. For sale by
no* 88 J. A E. 3AULSBURY
in proportion te federal numbers; and
5. That no amendment of the constitution, which
may be made prior to 1808, shall affect tiie last preced
ing' provision, or that relating to the importation of
slaves
So satisfactory were these provisions to the fra
mers of tiie constitution, that the second; relating to
the delivery of fugitive, slaves, yvas adopted nuani-
inourly. while the rest, except the third, relative to
the importation of slaves, and to prolong the time
from 1800 to 1606, pissed with almost equal nnanim-
and even that was sustained by the votes of New
Ity: and even that was sustained by the vote
Hampshire, Massachusetts and Connecticut.
These provisions of the constitution affect tire exis
tence of Slavery in the Union which was about to bo
formed, and make a specific provision for its protec
tion, where it was supposed to be most exposed.—
They go further; they recognise slavery as an ele
mentary principle of the constitution, regulating or
influencing, the government created by it in the two
most important particulars of representation and tax
ation. Whoever will examine the records of the pro
ceedings of that day, will be perfectly satisfied that
these provisions thus intended to lie conservative of
the domestic institutions of the South, were indispen
sable to the adoption of the constitution; that without
it this Union could never have existed. The debate
of tbe convention show that this was perfectly under
stood by the representatives from the non-slavebold-
ing States; and that with this onderetanding, they
ratified the copstitntion. Lhe act of ratification was
B OY’S CLOTHING—Black cloth sacks, fancy-
tweed. cass Pants, Black cass Pants Silk Val
encia vests, just received, by J.E.SAULSBURY.
oct 10
S U ELLJNG—A lot of Merino, Cashmeres, Brocba
and silk Shawls, at hall New York cost.
nor 28 G. XV. WOODRUFF,
P RO VISIONS—Bscon, Lard, Meal and Flour, oa
hand on
hand and for sale by
oct 31 J. S. RICHARDSON. Cotton Avenue.
"fflorrlsoa’s Universal Medicines,
F OR sale at THOS. GIBSON’S
(an 2—20—3m Opposite the I- loyd House.
O FFERING—A lot of Cashmeres, De Laioes. Al-
" - - - " *
apacus, Merinos, Bombosins tod Shsllys at vety
.rices. G. XV. WOODRUFF.
low prices.
.lie nnil Cider.
R OBERT JOHNSON’S Albany Cream Ate and
Baker’s celebrated Champagne Cider. A fresh
supply received weekly, and for aalo by tbe under
signed agents in Macon.
uov 21 14—3m GAVAN A MAOURTX .
IVoficc.
■pans. 8TROHECKKK A GILBERT having this
jLP day formed a Copartnership in the practice of
Medicine and Surgery, offer their services to the citi-
xensof Macon an J vicinity.
I7*0IBce at the Drugstore of J. C. Giioert A Co.
jan 9
I5l;i<'k iiiircgcs :i:nl Fringes.
ff PIECES Block Bareges. 9 do Silk XVarp Alpacca
O 9 do do Silk Princes
Thread Edgings and Lace* ; Muslin Edgings
* Qaeen’s do do do Inserting*
Tapes, Bobbins, Thread, Buttons, Ao.
Just received by GILVVKc, WOOD A CO.
? Boxer s:c;kcd Hnhl'ct.
\J her V.
I'c: sale liy
tEYMOrJL
according
pledge lias been redeemed, is an inquiry not to fie
answered by the denunciation of the conduct of any
portion of our CQuntrvmen. It is a simple narrative of
events which we offer to your consideration, by the
perusal of which our fellow-citizens, in whatever por
tion of the‘Union they may dwell, may decide for
themselves th« question of itg observance qr viola-
latinn.
For thirty years alter the adoptiop of the constitn
ion tliese "provisions were fo far respected aa to
give no serious cause «f complaint tq anybody. Pass -
ing for the present tbe pretensions set forth, and the
agitation* created by tbe Missouri controversy, we
proceed to consider the provision’ in relation to fugi
tive slaves, its operation, and the resistance which it
has been doomed to encounter.
That provision is in the following words t "No per
son held to sen ice or labor in our State, under the
laws thereof, escaping into another State, shall, in
cooseqnence of any law or regulation therein, be dis
charged from such service or labor, but shall be deliv
ered up on claim of thsperroiato whom such Iahpr or
service may be doe,” This provision is dear. There
is nor an uncertain or equivocal word to be found in
it. Wbat shall be and what shall uot be done are
folly and distinctly set forth. It provides that tbe fugi
tive slave shall not be discharged from histertitude,but
shall be delivered op on the clsjm of his owner. This
constitutes an essentia] part of the constitutional com
pact—is part and parcel of tbe supreme law of the
land. sVa such, it is binding on the federal and State
governments, on the States, and on all the individuals
composing them- The sacred obligation of compact,
and the solemn injunction of the supreme law. which
legislators and judges, both federal and State, are
honnd by oath to support, all nnite to enforce its ful
filment, according to ita plain meaning and its true
intent. As to wbat that meaning and intent are,
there was no diversity of opinion in the earlier days
ol the republic. Congrers. tbe State legislatures,fed
eral and State judges, aud magistrates, all s|M»tane-
oosly placed the same interpretation cn it. Daring
that period, none interposed impediments to the way
of the master, seeking to recover his fugitive slave;
nor did any deny his right to have every proper fa
cility for the enforcement ofhisdsim to have him de
livered np. It was then almost as easy to recover
one found in a non-siavelmldin* State, as one found
in a neighboring *!avcholdi:ic State. Bnt this state
of thillc* has passed awsv, and, to all practical
purposes, the provision may be said to be almost
defunct. Now. when we take ir to consideration the
importance of this provision and the clearr.ris with
which it is expressed, we sabralt to all those to wbcun
ws tJere.-s c-.-selves, ;a whatever fattici of the
sylvacia. Judge Story said: Historically, it is well
known that the'object of tbis clause" was to se
cure to the citizens of the slaveholdiiig States tbe
complete right and title of ownership in their slaves,
as property, in every State of .the Union into which
*hey might escape from the State wherein they were
held iu servitude. Tbe full recognition of this right
aud title was indispensable to the security of this spe
cies of property in all the alavehelding States; and,
indeed, was so vital to trie preservation of their in
terests and institutions, that it cannot be doubted that
it constituted a fundamental article, without tbe adop
tion of which the Uuion.would not have been formed.
Its true desigu was to guard against the doctrines au.d
principles prevalent iu the non-slavekolding States, by
preventing them from intermeddling with, or restrict
ing, or abolishing the rights of the owners of the
slsves.”
Again: “The clause was therefore of the last im
portance to tbe safety of the Squthem States ; and
could hot be surrendered by them, without endanger
ing their whole property in slaves. The clause was
accordingly adopted in the constitution by tbe unani
mous consent of tbe framers of it—a proof at once of
its ii trimic and oractical necessity,"
Again : “The clause manifestly contemplates tbe
existenpe of a positive unqualified right on tliepart of
the owner of the slave, which no State law or regula
tion can m any way regulate, control, qualify, or res
train."
Theopinionof the other learned judges was no less
emphatic as to the importance of this provision, and
the unquestionable right of the South under it. In the
case of Johnson rs.'Tompkins and others. Judge Bald
win, in charging tbe jury, said: “If there are any
rights of property which can be enforced—if one citi
zeu have auy rights of property which are Invaluable
under thb protection ofthc supreme court of the.State
aud the Union. «hey are those vWiich have , been set
at nought hy some ofthese defendants. As the own
er of property, which he had a perfect right to possess
protect, nudtake away—as acitizenofa sister State,
entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citi
zens of any other States, Mr. Johnson- stands before
you on ground which cannot be taken from under.him:
it is the same ground on wliich the goyernment itself
is based. If the defends;, ts con be justified, we have
no.longer law or government. Again;'After referring
more particularly to the provision for delivering up
fugitive slaves,he said: “Thus you see that the found
ations of the government are laid, and rest on (lie
right of property in slaves. The whole structure taiist
fall hy disturbing the corner stone."
These nre grave and-solemn nod admonitory words
from a high source. They State with great force the
clearness, importance, and fundamental character of
this provision, aud the ilihastrum consequences which
must follow from its' violation. Yet, in despite of
of these sulcuin warnings, the citizen of the South,
seeking the recovery of his fugitive'slave, instead of
receiving the aid provided for by the constitution, and
wliich the learned judges referred to have endeavor
ed to enforre. is doomed to encounter resistance in
every form wliich ingenuity, can devise: from legisla
tive "arts—from judges and magistrates; aud when
these fail from mobs of whites and blacks, who, by-
force or threats, rescue the fugitive slave from Ins
rightful owner; while fie is subjected to insult, to (lie
hazard (d imprisonment,of heavy pecuniary loss, and
even of life itself. A citizen of Maryland—Mr. Ken
nedy, of Hagerstown—it is well known, has lost his
life in an attempt to recover bis fugitive slave under
this provision. •
But this provision of the constitution is violated in-
directiv, as well as directly, hy organized combina
tions bfindividuals in many of the States^ whose ob
ject is to entice slaves from their masters, and to pass
them secretly and rapidly, hy means previously ar
ranged, into Canada, where they are beyond tho
reach of this provision—a process which all will agree
is as directly repugnant to its injunctions as its open
or even forcible violation would fie ; and yet it is
believed that not one of the States within lyhoso
limits they exist have adopted any measures .to sup
press them.
XX’ecommend this statement of facts, relating to
this provision concerning fugitive slaves, to the seri
ous consideration of our le!law ririzens. in every por
tfolio!'the Union, to the forbearance offonr southern
brethren, to the patriotism aud respect for the consti
tution of tliose of the North.
It ig impossible, in a communication like this, to
avoid noticing the continued assaults U]>< n the do
mestic institutions ofthp ffouth which are made in
ao many various forpis. Without striking at any ex
press and specific provisions of tiie constitution, they
aim directly at tbe destruction of the relations ex
isting between tbs slave pud his owner; hy means
subversive in then-tendency of one of the chief ends
for which the constitution was established. We refer
to the systematic agitations by abolitionists, yyhicli,
comuiciioing in 1835. are still continued. The avow
ed intention is to brine about a state of tiring* which
would force emancipation on the South. To unite the
North in fixed hostility to the South on the subject of
slavery, is one meaus employed to accomplish it. For
this purpose societies are formed, newspapers are
established, debating clubs ere opened, lecturers are
employed, pamphlets and other publications, pictures,
and petitions to Congress are circulated, while the
continued agitation cf the subject pf abolition ip one
orotjierfomtin Congress, and the emplovipent of
emissaries to distribute incendiary publications in the
South, are relied cn to excite discontent among the
slaves.
No pne doubts that slavery is a domestic institu
tion, which it belongs exclusively- to the State in
which it exists to establish, to regulate, or to abolish.
Any attempt, therefore, on the part of the federal gov
ernment, or of any State, or of the people of any
State, liy direct or iudirect means, to interfere with
this institution ns it exists in any Stetc. to diminish
its value, nr to force itazjmndonmcnt, would be a plain
and palpable violation of tbe sovereign rights of such
State. Sueli an interference would not he tolerated
between independent sovereignties. It would be
tnef by remonstrance, and, if necessary, by force—
Between States connected, as we are, in fraternal
bonds, under a constitution ordained and established
“to insure domestic tranquility.” it i* still more unjus
tifiable; and yet associations loaned for this pur|ibse,
and openly avowing theirobject, exist in States with
in whose limits there is nothing upon which they can
operate; whose sole occupation, therefore, it la to dis
turb the domestic tnmqudity oi other States, and who
are nevertheless uncontrolled by Die authorities of the
states in which they are established. XVe will not
dwell on this subject. In tbe same friendly spirit
that dictates this address, we submit the statement
which truth compels us to make to the culm, dispas
sionate, patriotic, consideration of our country men!'—
We now return to the question of tho admission pf
Missouri into the Union, and shall proceed to give a
brief sketch oflhe occurrences connected with it, and
the consequences to which if lies directly led. In the
latter part of 1919, the then territory of Missouri ap
plied to Congress, in the usual form, for leave to form
a State constitution and government, in order to be
admitted into the Union." A bill was reported for tbe
purpose, with the usual provisions in such cases:
amedincutswcro offered, baring for their object to
make it a condition of tier admission, that her cpn-
stitution should have a prqvision prohibiting slavery-
This brought mi the agitating debate which, with the
effects that followed, has done so much to alienate
the South and North, aud endanger our political in
stitutions. Those who objected to the amendment,
rested tiicir opposition on tiie high grounds of the
right of self-government. They claimed .that a Terri
tory, having reached tiie period when it is proper for
it to form a constitution and government for itself, be
comes fully vested with nil the rights of sclf.govern
meat; and that even the condition imposed on it ba
the federal constitution, relates not to the formation p{
its constitution aud government, bat to its admission
into the'Union. For that purpose, it provides, as a
condition, that the government must be republican.
They claimed that Congress has no right to add to
tbis condition, aud that to asaqme it would be tanta
mount to tbe assumption of the right to make its en
tire constitution aud covemmcut: as n.o limitation
could lie imposed, as fo the extent of the right if it be
admitted that it exists at all. Those who supported
the aoienanieot denied these grounds, end claimed
the right of Congres to impose, at discretion, wbat
conditions it pleased. ‘ In this agitating debate,- tho
two sections stood arrayed against each other; the
South in favor oftbeh;!! without amendment, and the
North opposed to it unless it was amended. The de
bate ana agitation continued until the session was
well advanced ; but itbccame apparent, towards its
close, that the people of Missouri were fixed and res
olved in then-opposition io the proposed condition, and
that they would certainly reject it, and adopt a con
stitution without it should the bill pass .with tbe con
dition. Such being tiie case, it required no great ef-
fortof mind to perccivo that Missouri once in posses
sion of a constitution and government, hot simply on
paper, but with legislators elected, and officers np
pointed to cany them into effect, the gfuve questions
would be presented, wbeUierube was of right a state
orTerritioiy; A if the former, whether Congress had
the right, and if (be right, the power to' abrogate the
constituDon, and disperse her legislature, and to re
mand her back to the territorial condition. These
were great, and under the circumstances, fearful
questionl—too fearful to be met by tliose wbo bad
raised the agitation. From that Dine tbe only ques
tion was, how to escape from Die difficulty. Fortu
nately, a means was afforded. A compromise (as it
was celled) was offered, based on the terms that the
North sh-mld cease to oppose tbe admission of Mis
souri, on the grounds for which the south contended ;
and thst tbe provisions of the ordinance of 1787, for
the government of the northwestern territory, should
be applied to all the territory acquired by tiie United
States from France undertbe treaty of Louisiana lying
north of 36 s 3O’, except the portion lying in tbe state of
Misuari. The northern members embraced it; and
although not originating with them, adopted it as their
ova. It vu forced through Congress by the almost
united votes of the North, against a minority cor si st
ing almost entire!* of members from the southern
rtztcs. Ssth was the ttrsmatfon cf the fret eesfiitt
between tbs two sections, in reference to slavery in
connexion wiDi the Territories. On tbis subject, we
propose to offer to you a few brief remarks.
Xv uv ing the consideration of the question whether
Congresss can constituDcnollyy prohibit tbe ictroduc
tion of slaves into the territories acquired by the Uni
ted States, and the other quecllou, whether in Die ac
tual condition of tliese territories, slaves can be car
ried within their* limits, apd held us such, without the
sanction of an act of Congress, we desire to submit to
ypu tbo considerations of which we claim of the South
to participate in the benefit resolving from Territories
acquired by the United States may, we think, be safe-'
ly rested.
For Die purpose of immigration the territories of
the United States are open to all tbo world—to citizens
and foreigners, without discrimination as to tbe char
acter, profession, or color. All, whether savage or ci-
vil ized jmay freely enter. Shall tiie people of tbe South
alone be excluded, or permitted on conditions that de
ny to them the use of those'm ean s which habit lias
rendered r.ecessaiy to theircomfortable subsistahee ?
Before they are permitted to enter these territories,
must they be divested of the character in which they
were invited aud adniitted to enter into tbe Union T
They entered the convention as slave-holders; shared
in its deliberaDons as such; aij slave-holders they ra
tified the constitution. Iu the same character they
have been, and continue to lie, represented in the na
tional ponneits. As slave holders they Have contribu
ted to Die expenses of the government which they
Dms assisted to create, by the payment of tho taxes
on tbe special proficiency whidb gives to them (bat
pcculinr character. Will you deny to (heir prpplo the
right to participate in the acquisitions of that govern
ment. which, in conjunction Witii theirco ritntes, they
have thus created and supported, unless they are first
permitted to strip them of tiie character in which they
created and have supported it J These territories were
acquired by the common treasures and united efforts
of all the States. Tbe South contributed her due pro
portion of men, to the war in wliich they >vere acquir
ed, as the following brief statement will show:
Statement of the number of volunteers.
Regiments,
Battalions, •
Companies,
From the South-
Total number of volunteers from tbe Soutb,
From the North—Regiments,
Battalions,
Companies,
23,084
Total number of volunteers from the North,
Tbits it is seen that of tbe volunteers in tbe war
with Mexico furnished by tbe uoi-thern and south
eru States, the proportion contributed by t(ie
South is nearly two to one. And v>hen it is con
sidered Hint tbe population of the northern States
js neatly two thirds greater than tjiat of the south
ern States, it is obvious that thp latter has fur
nished more than three times her due proportion of
volunteers. Apart from all questions off constitu
tional power, or of interimtioiiBl in w, can it consist
with right aud. justice to deny to them a partici
pation in territories thus acquired.
But again. Ours is a" federal government, an
association of States—united, and yet preserving
their individuality. To them, as members of the
federal Uuinn, these'territnries belong, not to the
federal government, consisting cf the executive,
legislative,qud judicial departments of that gov
ernment. Hence they are said to he territories
belonging to the United States—to the States com
prising the Union.. Thu States, then, -are joint
owners of this property. Now it is conceded hy
all writers oh the subject, that in such govern-
ineuts the members are nil equal—equal in rights,
and equal in dignity. If elsewhere this were a
disputed point, we could safely appeal to onreou-
stilutioimi.compact for tha proof, tpat, with t;s,
iris undeniably true that tpe equality of the States
is an elemeutiiry principle of that compact—oue
which lies at the foundation of our government.
To destroy this equality, then, is to change the
character of the government which rests upon it
as its basis.
The exclusion of the southern States, and their
citizens, Mn their foil share’ in territories thus
declared to belong t» them in common with the
ether States, would, therefore ho to deprive them
of a right—it would derogate from the equality
which is iiiseperable troni their condition ns mem
bers of the Union—would sink them from their
rightful position, ns equals, ipto a dependent and
subordinate condition. Nor can the people of
tho South he insensible to the consequences which
must result from the establishment and continued
enforcement of the principle on which the propos
ed exclusion would rest. That principle, opt-ijy
avowed, is, that the domestic institutions peculiar
to tbe southern States shall never bn transferred to
auv territories uow or hereafter to be acquired by
the Uuited States. The institution as it new ex
ists, and fa tho States where it now exists, (it is
said,) nmv not he disturbed by the federal gov
ernment, because it is secured by the compro
mises of the constitution. If these were not so—
if this guaranty were not found iu that instrument
—even in tile Staton it would rfnt be secure. An
institution which is declared to be 6inful—in vio
lation of the natural right—contrary to tbe law of
Gotl—to our own declaratiop of Independence—
and disgraceful to any people vv ho tolerate it—
would not be sulil-red to exist, if those whp thus
denounced it had the power to abolish it. If the
constiti.tiounl impediment were remove^, they
would feel hound to obey the dictates of con
science. and these they toil us forbid its continu
ance. The coutiuued enforcement of Dje princi
ple which forbids th.* trausfer of the domestic in
stitutions of the South to any territory uow or
hereafter to be acquired, combined with other
causes in constant operation, tends inevitably to
the removal of this constitutional impediment.
Several of the States of this Union nre li; a trans
ition state, from the condition of slaveholding to
that of iiou-slavelioldiiig States. When that
change shall have been accomplised, an(I they
shall have taken their position among tiie non-
slaveholdiiig States, and w|ien to these are added
the newStates to be formed out of territories now
or hereafter to be acquired, the aggregate will
constitute tfie requisite majority of States to re
move tire constitutional impediment to an interfer
ence with slavery in the States. And how can
they abstain from the exercise of the |iower tvhich
they will tints have ticquirejl consistently with
principles avowed and acted upon at this mntneut
to the full extent of their capacity to enforce
them T Can tiie people of the South he insensi
ble to tiie danger which thus menaces their own
peculiar and cherished Institutions? Ought pot
the suuudlntctligence and conservative feeling of
the American people iu every portion of the Union,
alike independent of and saperior tq party or sec
tional divisions, be exerted to avert it ?
It remains to present to you a brief view of a
series of measures introduced into !}ie representa
tive branch of Congress during tbe presotist ses
sion. aud connected witfi the subject ot this ad
dress. The first of tliese is a resolution intro
duced by a member from Massachusetts, the ob
ject jof which is to repent all acts or parts qf acts
which authorize the existence cf slavery, or of
selling and disposing of slaves, in this District.
On the question (if grautiug leave to bring in a
bill, tlye votes stood sixty-uine for, and eighty-two
against it. The next was a resolution offered by
a member from .Ohio, instructing tho committee
on territories to re|iort forthwith bills for exclu
ding slavery frc;n New Mexico and C. Ufornia. It
passed hy nvoteol 107 io 80; ntul tbe liijl has
since been reported. Thut tvas followed by a bill
introduced by another member from Qbio, to take
the votes of the inhabitants of tbis District, wheth
er slavery Within its limits should be ubolished.
The bill provided, according’to the admission of
the mover, that free negroes and Daves should
vote. On the question to lay the bill on the table,
the votes stood 100 for, aui}79 against the motion.
To this succeeded the resolution proposed by a
member from New York iu tiie following words:
“XVhereus tbe traffic now prosecuted iu thisme-
tropolis qf the republic in human beings, as chat
tels is contrary to uutuinl justice and the funda
mental principles of out* political system, and is
notoriously a reproach to our country throughout
Christendom, aud a serious hiuderance to the pro
gress of. republican liberty among the uutions of
the earth. Therefore—
Resolved, That the.committee for tbe District
qf Columbia be instructed to report a hill, as soon
as practicable, prohibiting the slave trade iu that
District,-’.’
pu the question of adopting the resolution, tbe
votes stood 9$ fur, and 88 against it. He wits fol
lowed by a member from Illinois, wbo offered n
resolution for abulubiug slavery in the Territories,
nud all places where Congress has exclusive pow
er of legislation; that is iu all forts, magazines,’ur-
seuais, dock yards, and other needful buildings,
purchased by Congress, with tbe couseut of the
Legislature of the State.
This resolution was passed over, tinder the
rules of the House.
These various propositions have not been fin:-.Hy
acted "upou. Indeed, the resolution offered by
the member from New York has been reconsid
ered, and remuius uow on lire Speaker’s table ns
tire feeling, it ought to be r.dded, that while tbe
support of these several measures was confined
to the representatives of non-slaveholditig States,
and consisted of those of both parties, there were
j-atri itic individuals from those States, who refus
ed their support to measures which they believed
were uncalled for by the occasion, and unfriendly
to the peace aud harmony of theUuiou.
XVe have now brought to a close a narrative of
measures connected with the subject of this ad
dress, including those which are consummated, ns
well as those which are in progress; and we
think it will not be denied that the consummation
of the latter would afford just cause of apprehen
sion to tho people of tho slaveholdiiig States. If
slavery were abolished in tho District of Colum
bia, nud in the numerous and dispersed places in
tbe South, over which Congress bus exclusive ju
risdiction—if to these measures he added the .ex
clusion of the people of the southern States front
the Territories of the Uuiou, now or hereafter to
be acquired, every outpost nud barrier would, be
carried, and even in the States themselves tbe in
stitutions of domesDc slavery would be ut t(;e
mercy of those who hud so fur successfully pros
ecuted their assault upon it.
XVe forbear to preseut to you a detailed view of
the evils which must result from these measures,
even iu their progress, and yet more in their con
summation; operating first on the people of tbe
South, and eventually oa the American people at
large. Happily the measures arc not consumma
ted. There remains a locuspenetia; there is yet
time to pause—a moment of which intciligeut, pa
triotic, conservative men in every quarter of the
Uuiou, aloof from the iiifiuenre of party ou such u
subject, aud effacing all sectional lines of division,
may avail themselves to consider, if there be any
duty to be fulfilled—if there be any tuterest to be
advanced—if there bo auy objeetto be attained.by
the prosecution of these measures, wliich will jus
tify the hazard (however remote they may believe
it to,he) of jeoparding the peace and harmony of
the Uuiou. All will admit (hat the'institution of
domestic slavery is one which it belongs exclu
sively to the States iu which it exists, to establish,
to regulate, to continue, or to abolish. Any and
every interference with it by the citizens of other
States, whether direct or indirect, is therefore a
wrong which becomes aggravated wbeu it is com
mitted by those with whom we are for certain pure
poses united as one people, and who avail them-
aeives of this relation to make that interference'
more hurtful. If slavery be a sin. he who is not a
(From the Charlestion Mercury J
rtc Jlecklcsztiargil J9rctn,aiio:: of Zuilvpcsi-
dctxcc.
TheXYilminglon Chronicle gives the following in
teresting letter from Mr. Baucroft, our Minister to
Great Britian, authenticating the priurity of the
Meckleuburg Declaration of Independence- The
allusions in the letter to the proceedings of tho
‘ Regulators," have inters;! fur the people ot this
State ns well os’of North Carolina. They refer to
a period in the history of both, of 7 which there are
but few records', aud of which many of tho inci
dents, though both eventful aud important, are
only presarvea.in the truditious of,their respective
localities Nowhere ou the contiuent was opposi
tion tq the exactiou of the British Goversnneut
oarl er commenced, or coutiuuedmore determin
edly and systematically, than in the colouioa of
North aiid South Caroliua. • -
slaveholder is free from tho guilt of it. Why should
he desire to become his brother’s keeper? ’ Is
there no feeling—tio thought—no act of bis own.
which requires his care, and which would better
reward his vigilance ? Is an opinion, a seutimeut,
a measure of sectional policy, to he urged and en
forced at tho hazard of disturbing the peaceful ref
lations of twenty millions of people? lVby may
not this controversy be adjusted I Does tjie Dis
trict of Columbia preseut the obstacle? Cannot
some mode be devised to withdraw this disturb-
qnestion from the natinual legislature 7 Is
it's question in relation to the territories? XX’hy
should we not profit by experience ? The wisdom
of those who have gone before us was competent
to the restoration of harmony in 1820: why should
we not follow iu their steps ? The intense excite
ment of that day was allayed by it, end its benefi
cent influences were felt during the next twenty
years of our political exitteqee. When the ques
tions connected with the annexation of Texas be of use to yon or your State,
'seemed likely to revive that excitement, the same Very truly yours,' C
American feeling prevailed, and the danger was
XVhv should it uot he equally efticn-
erted.
cions uow 1 Has our love of country diminished,
is it limited to a section—or docs it not embrace
nur whole country 7 If the territories which we
have acquired .are unfitted to the institutions of
the South—if they cauuot exist there—why the
denunciation of them ? If it be said the South is
contending for an abstraction, heenuse the right
whi. h sheclaiths, if it were conceded, could not
he exercised in these territories, is it not yet more
obvious that those who insist upou the express de
nial of the right, are ’hernselnes pursuing a phan
tom. Are they not irzisting upon the solemu leg
islative denial 6f a right which, (they themselves
beingttho judges,) whether it he affirmed or de
nied. can never be exercised? But the deniul is
not enufined to the territories uow held by the U.
Slates: it extends also to those wliich may he here
after ncquired, however peculiarly such Territory
may he adapted (o slave labor; nay even although
they should be territories in which slavery exists.
Is the claim of the South to participate in such Ter
ritories an abstraction ? Aud again; the assertion
of that right even where it cannot he exercised, can
not be an abstraction, unless the political equality
which lies at the foundation of our government
mny be deemed so. But can the peace and harmo-
nv of the Uniuo be jeoparded by considerations
like these?
XX’e have dong. Our desire has been tq place be
fore the American people the facts necessary to en
able them to stay this controversy—to exercise the-
restraining influence which they ulone possess to
give harmony to our counsels and prosperity to our
couutry. XVe. too, constitute a portion of that peo
ple ; and speedily resuming our places nmoug
them, will unite our effoNsfor the accomplishment
of this beneficial result.
"50 Eaton Squark, London, July 4. 1848.
My Dear Sir: I hold it of good augury, that
your letter of the 12th of Juue, reached me by
the Hermann, just 'iu time to be auswered this
morning. *
You may be sure that I have spared no pains to
discov'erTn the British State I*aper Office a copy'
of the Resolves of the Committee of Mecklenburg
and with entire success. A glance at tfie Map will
sbowyiu that iu those days tire.t yffio of that part
of North Carolina took u uoutherely direction, aud
people in Charleston, aud sometimes even in Sa
vannah, knew what was going'on in “Charlotte
Town" before Governor Martin. Thefirst account
of “the exlraordmat y Resolves by the people of Char
lotte Town’ Mecklenburg (jaunty” was ie.it, o qr
to England by Sir Janies XVright, then Governor
of Georgia, in a letter of the 20th of Juue, 177S,—
The newspaper thus transmitted is still preserved,
and is the uutuber 498,ot' the South Caroliua Gaz
ette' and County Journal, Tueaduy, June, 13,1775/
I read theResulres, you maybe sure, with rever
ence, and immediately obtained u copy, of them
th uking myself the sole discoverer. I do not send
you the copy, ub it is identically the same with the
paper which 'you enclosed to me; but I forward
to you a trnusci'ipt of tbe eulire letter of Sir James
XVright, 'foie qewspaper seems to have reached
him after he hud fiuished hie dispatch, for Die
paragraph relaliug to it is added iu his own hand
writing. tbe former part of the letter being written
by a Secretary or Clerk.
' I have read a great many papers relating to tho
Regulators ; and am having copies made of a lar
ger number.' Your owu State ought to have them
all. and the expeuse would be fur the State insig
nificant, if it does not send an Agent ou purpose.
A few hundred dollars would copy uli you need
from the Slate Paper Office ou ali North Carolina
topics. The Regulators are, ou many accounts,
important'. Their complaints were well founded,
and were so acknowledged, though their oppress
ors were only uuuiiually puuiabed. They form
the connecting liuk ’between "resistance to the
Stamp Act, and the movement of 1775; aud thiiy-
also played a glorious pait in taking possessiou uf
the Mississippi valey, towards Which they were
carried irresistably hy their love of indepeudeuce.
It is a mistake, if any have supposed, that the
Regulators were cowed down by their defeat at
the Alfemuuce. ' Like the ummuioih, they'shook
the bolt from their brow aud crossed the moun
tains.
1 shall always be glad to bear from you, and to
ery truly yours,' George Bancroft.
D. L. Swain, esq. Chapel Hill, N. C."
Itailrondsat the Closeof]S48.
Tbe American Railroad Journal, in an article
upou this subject, furnishes some interesting facts
and suggestions.' It is only twenty- three years
since a combined effort was made in Englund to
construct n railway between Liverpool and Man
chester. The idea, was at once, hastily enlertaiu-
ed by nearly ail tiie Atlautic cities of the United
States, and tpe efforts aud Results which followed
exhibit prominently, the character of the Ameri
can people.
There may be uncertainty, as to which Atlantic
city belongs the credit of making the first success
ful movement iu the construction of a railroad; a-
tilting the earliest, are Baltimore and Charleston—
anu Boston. New York and Philadelphia, were
nearly simultaneous in their movements. Boston,
however, has been more wise, or rather more for
tunate than tbe others, and now enjoys railway ad
vantages by for superior to any city in the world,
London ouly, perhaps, exempted. Very soon, the
advantages uf railroads become familiar to all who
Adulterated Drugs.—"Man’s iubumanity to
to nmu makes countless thousands inouru.!’ This
is verified by the results that have flowed from the
law passed at the last sessieu of Congress, ill rela
tion to adulterated drugs. The astounding fact lias
been recently developed,tha( iu the port of N.Y( rk
alone, fifty-nine thousand three hundred aud e gliiy
eight pounds of adulterated drugs have been con
demned by the examiner, from: the nineteenth of
J uly to the twenty-third day nf December, end
immense quantities have been similarly prouniiu-
ced upon - in' the cities of Boston, Philadelphia
Baltimore and New Orleans. In the 'first named
place one importation of four hundred tiiousuud
pounds of drugs is under advisement, and the
probability is, will be condemned as adulterated,
aud improper fop use.
Thus far the execution of this law has been at
tended with the best effects. It Tm developed
the astounding fact, that a' great proportion of the
rhubarb, opium, barks, quinine, and other medi
cines which are usually imported into this couutrv
are adulterated, aud comparatively woithIe=a.—
XVha; criminality, wjiat recklessness, what inhu
manity, to be sure, does uot such a result bring to
light I ' IIuw many lives—how many hundreds of
human lives—must, there not have been sacrificed
to the infernal love of mouey,'which'must actuate
men who will thus sacrifice the live*'of their fcl-
low-ci ea'urcs for paltry lucre! Truly, truly “man’s
iubumanity to miiu make's countless thousands
[N. If. Herald.
read aud travel, aud the impulse was given iu every
State of the Uniou, causing 'cxtraoruinary efforts
and outlays to secure their benefits; yet it is cer
tain, that few of us justly appreciate or estimate
tfie comforts, the benefits, and tfie influences which
they have already given to man-
Although railroads were hint used in England,
and next adopted by us, the system is not confined
to those countries where the English language is
spqken;bu£it is extended throughout Europe—
into the heart of Russia, and also to India ! and it
q;ay he safely estimated that tbe entire expendi
ture, withip the last twenty-one years, in the pro
jection and construction of railroad's, will net tall
short of oue thonsaud millions of doljara! an n-
luouut, enormous as it is, that will fall far short of
the increased value they have given to property,
besides their influence in facilitating business in
reduciug the expense and time of travel, aud in
qpeniug up new regions of couutry.
These benefits and these influences are, ns yet,
only beginumgtobe felt—the time will cuine when
all our great thoroughfares, from the Atlautic cities
to the extremes of every part of our country—
even to the sfiores of the Pacific Ocean—will be
by railroads/and tliese main lines will be inter
sected by fhousauds of connecting aud branch
railroads.
AfrcitKT Building in Virginia.—The Southern
Churchman says that the most remarkable of all
the buildings in the Northern Neck is (bat of Strat
ford,coduty of xyestaiorejaiid.ou the South buiik
of the Potomac, for a fong time the property' ‘of
the Leeu. It' was built for Mr. Thos. Lee, fqDier
of Richard Henry Lee. He is known by the uai'ue
of President Lee, or Governor Lee, having been
President of the King’s Counsel, and Governor of
Virginia, while a Colony/ While Governor; his
house was burnt down and cither the Britiali’Gov-
eminent or the toHrclian s of London built his
house fqr him at great expense.' There is, we pre
sume, no structure like it in' our country. Proba
bly some ancient seat was the pattern. "The brick
were brought from England, mid aro of the best
quality. The wall oT the first story are two feet
and a hulf thick ; of the second story, two feet.
The present number (if rooms in the main building
is 9Q. Originally there were more. T lie late Gen.
Henry Lee, of the Revolution, took down some of
the partiDoiis. The preseut hall is largo enough
for four rooms, Besides the main building, there
are lour offices, one at each curuer. containing fif
teen rootps. There is also a stable, w hich, w ith
the space allowed in our city stables, would hold
olio hundred horses. XVheu it is considered that
all these buildings are of bricks brought from Eng-
lauq, atid the whole work of the best kind, it is
uot to be woudered at thut tradition tnukes them
to hare cost £16,003 stealing.
XX’hat Chagres is like.—A correspondent of
tiie NewO.rleans Bulletin, famishes the'editors of
that piper with the following, concerning this fa
mous little place. Tfie letter was written by a
gmitleman who went out on the Falcon:
"Chagres has about sixty houses, or rather thatch
ed huts, f r they are built entirely of reeds, aud
are unlike anything I ever saw before.. With
but a few exceptions, the inhabitauts are ‘‘wool
ly beaded negroes;” aud it was a funny bight
to u live New Yorker, on his going nu Deck tlio
day we arrived, to see about a Joz-u canoes bur-
rouutjing the ship, and tbe persons in them with
out auy tiling on, larger than the fig leaf that Adam
wore, aud mauy of them uot with that. The la
dies bn shore, aud in their shops, dress mostly in
white, or highly colored dresses,"aud are coustaut-
ly smoking.
’ The arrival of this ship is quite a ‘.‘god send,"
as it is supposed that at least 84000 will be left
with them. XVe go up the Chagres'river to fSenue,
about 50 miles. The charge is $60 for a cauoe,
Distress in the Cold Region.—Tho Boston
Post received from,Mr. J. Parker, the following
extract of a letter from his brother at Salt Fran
cisco. Its statements have nu air of exaggeration,
yet there may he truth iu them:
“A state of distress and suffering prevails here,
such as tbe world probably never before b$w.
People Were no eager to get gold that they only
thought how to get hero. ’ Thousands upou thou-
sandshave rushed here, bringing no provisions
with them, trusting wholly for their supplies from
what could be obt>,/ued here. There was none
raised here. All rtiahed to the miues. The sup
ply brought from abroad is nearly exhausted, and
hundreds have already died, aud thousands more
wdl die from starvation, and by the band of each
other.. Sickuess racer a# famine increases, nud men uo ,u-
have become demons goaded to insanity hy him- j
ger, and if yon have auy regard for a brother, for
rSn/Tii into cliiil mf* Kiimn nmvSainn* in Can ITf
for five persons, aud $25 for u siugle passenger.-
At Die end of the caoal navigation, tuu'es ure em
ployed for Panama. A boat has j-tst arrived from
Senua, and the report is, that the United States
agent sent a head the moment he landed, had or
would euguge every conveyance he could for his
government, mid the pastcugers would probably
[te detained three weeks there, and furth'-r, that
owiiig to the large number of perrons in 1‘ann'ina
waiting For the steamer of the 5th of January, vfio
have paid their pasbtige, that many now in “this
crowd’.’ would n(it be able to leave j’aucma until
the February or March steamer * 1 ' ' "
the February or March steamer. 1
The Bulletin adds—
Qur friend writes us in a postscript that (fieri
are no business facilities for receiving and for
warding goods, aud that all articles scut umicc. ui
panted hy the owner or agent, will mebt mnfoubt
cdly he lost. This is a fact worthy of h-.i. o re
a resolution presented, but not acted upou hy the
Home. To this isdicatjcL of a .mere conserve-
God’s sake ship me snme provisions to Sun Fran- r m
cisco as soon as possible, or I die of starvation.” L T.tt.President Elect- .en !»v
leave Baton KoUge on tue 24111 uli. ou Hi
CjiT* A Mr. Hoo3cr, one of the first infected i Princess, for his plantation, u in ucel»« v
with the gold fever, writes' frdta California''to a \ ceed to XVashiugtou “
friond iu Boston. "If ever you think of emigre-1 number of the citizen
ting,” says he, “bring vou .-i wife, for a good wife j ity culled on the Gen
is the dearest article’in California.’’ There’s a him. XVo perceive b
N.-i-i,-
Ifo
rkelforyou!
XVe would
uinnhis