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HORSES’ FEET.
A Noted Vetcrlnnrlan IC*j>lulna the
Illood Supply.
The noted British veterinarian, Dr.
H. Leeney, writing in the London Live
Stock Journal, says that the large meta
carpal artery which passes under the
annular ligament of the kneo of the
horse, passing down the leg at the Hide
of the flexor tendons. At the fetlock it
is found between tliese tendons and the
suspensory ligament. A little above the
joint it divides into three, the central
portion passes between the divisions of
the ligament nnd the cannon bone and
forms an arch giving off tb~ee small
branches, which take ah upward direc
tion and communicate with the small
metacarpal artery. Two smaller
branches from the arch supply the fet
lock joint. The two lateral branches
from the metacarpal artery passing
downward receive the name of plantar
arteries. These follow by the side of
those small floating bones known as ses
aamoids (and not noticed in speaking of
the intrinsic bones of the foot) and
keep somewhat in advance of the ten
dons until it passes under the lateral
cartilage.
In avoiding the cushion a direction
somewhat forward is taken into a
groove in the wing of tho coffin bone,
by which it is conducted downward and
forward to the canal, or foramen, as
such orifices are anatomically termed,
on to the concavity at the back of the
bone, under the coffin joint. Within
the bone it describes part of a circle,
meeting its fejlow from the other Bide.
The arteries, nerves and veins are in
pairs, and it will be understood that
the foregoing description is intended as
representing one side only. There are
slight variations- as, for instance, <>n
the outsidd (a the leg. The artery above
the fetlock is much nearer tho surface.
But those differences, although of im
portance to tho surgeon performing the
operation of unnerving, do not call for
special description hero. Tho regular
artery within the foot sends off many
branches, and a specimen which has
been carefully injected with red com
position made for the purjMiso is well
worth inspection by all interested in
horses’ feet.
Many of the older veterinary surgeons
possess such specimens, prepared by
themselves in days (and nights) when
BLOOD SI'ITLY OF TDK HORSE S FOOT.
practical anatomy was considered of the
first importance and bacteriology had
not assumed its present prominent posi
tion. An important branch of the plan
tar artery is one that is given off about
half way down the long pastern bone,
passing downward and forward to join
its fellow at tho coronet. From tho arch
thns formed a number of small vessels
are given off to supply those parts which
secrete the crust of their foot. Another
branch crosses to the front of the short
pastern under the extensor tendon, and
unites with that from the other side.
From this upper coronary circle a num
ber of small vessels are given off, some
of them communicating with tho lower
arch or coronary circular artery. Be
sides tho vessels going to supply the
front there is the artery of the frog,
which beginning opposite the pastern
joint takes an oblique course into the
substance of the sensitive frog, dividing
again into two branches, one contribut
ing to supply the toe and the other the
heels of the frog while giving branches
to the cartilages. The lateral luminal
artery passes into the canal in the wing
of the pedal bone, winds round in the
groove to the front, giving off branches
in all directions to supply the lamina l .
Entering the bone again by a smaller
aperture it unites iu the central circu
lation within. The anterior laminal ar
teriep are branches of the circulas ar
teriosus, and passthrough the numerous
minute holes in the coffin bone, going
to supply the lamina* which, as previ
ously stated, are extremely vascular.
Then there are the communicating ar
teries passing through the front of the
pedal bone and going to supply 'he cir
cumflex artery, which is sometimes
wounded in bleeding from the toe. The
solar arteries radiate from the circum
flex, supplying the sensitive sole from
\\ hich grows the horny sole, as previous
ly stated.
TICKS AND TEXAS FEVER.
Vlewa Of -Or. Snlmon of the Btireno
of Animal Imlnatr-y.
Although the flipping of cattle from
the infected district will remove the
danger of contagion from them, and, al
though the inoculation of young ani
mals destined for the infected district
will protect them from the fatal effects
of contagion, writes Dr. Salmon, chief
of the government bureau of animal in
dustry, the stockmen of the greater part
of that district have Something more to
look forward to and may indulge the
hope that with time and proper efforts
their section may be entirely relieved
Of the infection. People now living
have seen the infection extend itself for
many miles, and the probability is that
little if any of our territory contained
the contagion at the time the continent
was first settled by Europeans.
We have seen that two parasites are
necessary for the production of Texas
fever under natural conditions. As the
tick has been able to accustom itself to
mrriNo catti.k to kemove ticks.
greater cold, it has gradually extended
its habitat to higher latitudes and
greater altitudes, and in doing so has
Carried with it the microscopic protozoa
which constitute the contagion.
The fact that the fever tick and the
protozoa infest South American cattle
and that they exist over a wide extent
of the African continent and also in
Australia would seem to indicate that
both parasites had originally been
brought to America with the settlers'
cattle. It now remains to determine
whether the protozoa of this disease ex
ist anywhere and multiply otherwise
than within the ticks and in the blood
of cattle. If these, minute organisms
are absolutely dependent upon the ticks
for their existence, we would destroy
them by eradicating the ticks, but if
the protozoa may live an independent
life in the more or less stagnant waters
or marshes of the south Atlantic and
gulf coasts it would be hopeless to at
tempt to annihilate them entirely.
Without the ticks, however, the pro
tozoa would be of simply local interest.
Even if the native cattle became infect
ed by drinking contaminated water
they could not spread the disease, and
no cattle would suffer except those
raised in or taken into the comparative
ly small area in which these special
conditions of high temperature and
slow running or stagnant water exist.
We may admit therefore, provisionally
at least, that the destruction and extir
pation of the fever tick means the erad
ication of the Texas fever coptagion in
the greater part, if not all, of the ter
ritory of our southern states.
In at least half a dozen counties in
Virginia, where the fence laws prohibit
the running at large of cattle, the ticks
have soon disappeared, and these coun
ties have been placed a hove the quaran
tine line without any loss having since
occurred through contagion spread by
the cattle from those sections. From a
number of farms, and particularly the
farm of the Georgia experiment station,
the ticks have been eradicated by pick
ing them olf the cattle by hand and de
stroying them as fast as they became
large enough to see. Two years have
been sufficient to accomplish this re
sult. Now the interesting fact has been
demonstrated that northern cattle taken
to such farms no longer contract Texas
foyer. This strengthens our theory that
in much of “the southern territory at
least the protozoa are not obtained by
the cattle from the soils or waters, but
that they must bo* inoculated by the
ticks.
Foot Hot.
Foot rot in a flock immediately con
victs the shepherd of neglect and in
flicts the fine for this delinquency. We
cannot escape this penalty for this
uenlect.
CORN AND HOG CHOLERA.
A Corrmpondent llecomraendi Artl
chojkq* a I’reventLye.
The facts that hog cholera, or swine
plague, is almost exclusively confined
to corn producing localities and that
hogs which are reared nnd fattened on
an almost exclusive corn diet have con
stantly deranged digestion, and are easy
marks for swine plague, are becoming
more and more apparent to observant
farmers. So spys J. C. Suffern" in Lho
Stock. Enlightened man (eveh many
professional swine breeders) has violat
ed nature’s laws by inventing hog
rings and stdek laws and confining his
highly impfoved hogs on tame grass
pastures and fenced lots, where they
cannot unearth the various tubers and
Soot? which contain the mineral in
gredients so necessary for proper diges
tion and ultimate nutrition and medi
cation of their various intricate bodily
tissues. In" the writer’s opinion,"sup
ported by many recent writers on the
subject, so called cholera, or swine
plague, is almost entirely due to dis
eases which have their origin in indi
gestion, arising from an almcs.t exclu
sive corn diet.
Corn is rich in fat and heat forming
ingredients, but is very deficient in
fibrin, carbon, nitrogen or muscle, bone
and blood forming elements. The hog’s
digestive organs, especially during late
autumn (and this is usually the season
when cholera (?) is so rampant), being
gorged with too much corn, unaccom
panied by other foods, are thrown into
a state of derangement which' detracts
from their naturally healthy process of
converting food into chyme. Asa re
sult hogs have weak muscles and bones
and impure blood. In fact, their grow
ing bodies are in such a deranged con
dition that they become easy prey for
specific microbes or germs, which are
continually multiplying in their bodies
and which develop cholera, or swine
plague. But these disease producing
germs- cannot obtain a foothold in the
healthy bodies of hogs which are kept
on well balanced diet. Grass, clover,
shorts, peameal, rape and most especial
ly root crops, such as artichoke tubers,
potatoes, carrots, mangels, beets, ruta
bagas, etc.,' are all good, healthy hog
foods. Long and practical field experi
ence has convinced the yriter that the
improved varieties of the “tame” arti
choke (not wild artichokes, which pro
duce very few and small tough tubers,
and which are very difficult to eradi
cate, and are by many farmers confound
ed with the “tame” artichoke) are by
far and all odds the cheapest, healthi
est, handiest hog food that can be
grown, my crop of 1897 costing me less
than 1 cent per bushel to produce.
They are also a much surer crop than
most other roots and are usually ready
for your hogs to root out about the
time when tame grass and clover pas
tures usually fail and farmers begin
stuffing their hogs with corn.
Money In Slieep.
In ancient times it was the sheep that
represented the wealth of a country or
a person. Men were rich according to
the number of sheep they possessed. But
some will have us believe that now a
farmer is just as likely as not to be poor
in proportion to the number of sheep
ho is supporting! How does this go with
the ancient and present history of the
flock? In ancient times the sheep’s foot
was synonymous with wealth and pros
perity. The fleece was golden as well as
the foot of its bearer. The British farm
ers call the sheep the rent payer, and
their agricultural methods and systems
are based on the keeping of sheep. We
envy these people their big crops, twice
or thrice as large as ours, but we never
think that the sheep is the reason for
this. But there sheep are kept for the
purpose of enriching the land for the
growth of these big crops. We don't
look at things this way, but we should,
and every farmer should make it his
business to procure and keep a flock of
sheep if for no other purpose than that
of enriching his land and doubling or
trebling the product of his fields.-—Cor.
American Sheep Breeder.
Climate nnd Wool.
While all parts of tho United States
are not equally well adapted to the pro
duction of mutton there is no country
in the world so self contained—no coun
try that has within its b<*rders such a
variety of complementary resources.
The highest economy in the application
of these, however, can only be secured
by an understanding of the special uses
of special areas and the more or less ex
clusive appropriation of such areas to
these best uses. The United States lies
chiefly within the temperate clime,
and doing so tho ability to produce
wool bearing animals is one of its herit
ages. Too great heat produces hair
alone, while too great cold produces a
kind of combination of wool and hair
called fur. The mean of these conditions
is the desirable one for sheep, and con
sequently we find them most numerous
and serving the most useful purposes
in the temperate clime. —Live Stock.
Soutb.dow no.
Southdowns are prolific breeders and
mature earlier, perhaps, than any other
sheep. They Vill make a pound of flesh
with as little food as any other or
less, and more of it on the most valu
able part of the carcass, and hence they
command a higher price.
Gainesville, Jefferson & Southern Railroad.
SAMUEL 0. DUNLAP, Receiver.
Time table No. 12, takmgj|ffect 5. 50 a. m., Jan. 0, 1899,
MAI^PtITsTE
NORTH BOUND. Between Social Circle SOUTH BOUND
Read Downward an d Gainesville. Read'Upward.
•- • .
First Class. - First Class.
j'. ' h
93 9* 85 83 81 STATIONS. 82 84 86 92 94
Sun- Snn- daily DailyfDaily dnih dailv ’ dailv Sun- fsun
dav day ex ox,, ex ox ex' j ex' day an d
only only bun j Sun Sun ] Sun Sun | Sun only only
O aui I am pm Lv. At am pm am
| 1100! 1100 450 bO< IA L CIRCLE ' 915 331 19 20 S’
2 11 15 - 1120-505 GRESHAM &rl 3K : 905 §
a D3O 11.40 525 AIUNROE. 83c 250 850 5-
_ I
S 1145 CAMPTON 815 2 30 i BSo 5
R 1158 h- BETBLEEE.M Bul 215 a
97? 12 lj | 145 .0 a-, VMiNGH.It 740 130 g 94
S7 12 30 § 157 048 MULBERRY 7 2(. 112 | lS 8S
12 45 5 2177 03 HObCHTON 71 , s' if;
■‘S? 108 • g 245 V 23 HICKORY TREE. 645 J* e ' lfl luily
~~ A 1 j Sun
040 H 5 255 730 BELLMONT 0 4 10 25 1
045 I’M 300 735 KLONDIKE 635 10 20 I ny 7oj
9 50 1 2? jjjo CANDLER 630 10 15 1 £ T2O
710 14a .330 800 GAINESVILLE. 6109 55 700
am P“ lp m|pm A r. Lv. tma m i * m p '™
*7 j9;85183 |Bi j" 1 82 jß4j 86 j 92T88
No, 82 will run to Social Circle regardless of No. 83.
No. 84 will run to Social Circle regardless of No. 81,
No. 83 will run to Winder regardless of No, S4.
No. 84 will run to Winder regardless of No. 83.
No. 92 will run to Social Circle regardles of No. 91.
JEFFERSON BRANCH.
iime Table No. 12, taking effect 5.50 am., Jan. 0, 1899.
NOR 1 H BOlNDßetween Jefferson and SOUTH BOUND
Read Downward Bellmor.t. Read Upward.
-I
•*1 ■
First Class, j First Class.
89” 87 ST ATIONS. 88 | 90' '
Daily Daily I Daily jTVUiU
i except except j except ; except
- 31111 Sun j Sun T -un
V. M a. M. Lv. Ar. P. M. A. Ai.
11 85; 5 501 JEFFERSON 8 10' 11 10
12 00 015 PENDERGRASS 748 10 43
12 25 640 BELLMONT 7 SO' 10 25 '
P M. A. M. Ar. Lv. P M. IA. M.
89 | 87 j ~ |~BB'] 90~|
No. 90 will run to Jefferson regardless of No. 89.
Palmer’s Cream Liniment
ls the best Liniment on earth for
Rheumatism, Sprains, Bruises, Cuts, Stings, of Pois
onus Insects, Stiff Joints, Toothach, etc. Cures
the pains of Burns immediately and gives iru
stant relief in Headache.
For Sprains Swelling ol the Joints, Saddle or Collar Galls on Horses, Pal
mei’s Cream Liniment can not be equaled. It is put up in 4 ounce bottles, (the
ns> al 50c size) and retails for 25c. Prepaied only by .
H. R. PALHER & SONS,
(Successors to Palmer & Kinnebrew.)
DRUGGIST’S AND SEEDSMEN, 105 CLAYTON ST., ATHENS, GA.
, This splendid three piece tuff, mahogany fiuiilv frames, upholstered in fine
si.k figured damask icr ?12 50. We cariv tl e largest stock ot Furniture, Car
pets, Rugs, Mattings, and Draj cries in Atlanta and guarantee lowest prices.
P. S. C RUTCBETt FURNITURE CO..
53 and 55 Peachtree St.. Atlanta Ga.
llreediiiig Animals,
In selecting breeding animals get
iwes and bucks of the kind that produce
early maturity mutton, so as to get into
market early with lambs and matured
sheep. A noted authority says: “The
sheep industry of this country has not
yet arrived at a point where it becomes
ueoessary to breed principally for wool,
but producers should first get the best
mutton producing qualities thoroughly
bred into their flocks or bands, bringing
the standard up to a half or three-quar
ter grade, after which it will be safe to
breed for wool without materially dis
turbing the baud as mutton producing
animals. ”
Fro*en Meat.
New Zealand was one of the first
countries to engage in the frozen meat
trade. In 1882 40,000 sheep were ship
ped from that colony.
Heavy Sheep Not "Wanted.
The day of the big, heavy sheep
seems to have passed, and the premium
that buyers pay on the lightweights
makes it more profitable to feed young
stock. Taking the receipts throughout
the year, lambs are decidedly in the
majority, while the heavy sheep are
rapidly decreasing in numbers. —Dro-
vers’ Journal.
How to Select Wall Pnper.
It is well to remember when papering
a small room that blue iu all light
shades makes a room look larger. Dark
colors or papers with large patterns
have the opposite effect.
Meerschaum is a silicate of magnesia
and is to be found chiefly in Asia Minor,
Greece and Madrid.
Ia some parts of Africa slaves are still
the basis of all financial reckoning.