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DOCKAGE PLAN OF FEDERAL GP.ADES
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Weed Seeds Found in Wheat May Seriously Affect Its Value
The percentage of dockage is
an essential factor in arriving
at tin* true value of a lot of
wheat. This dockage may con
sist of either useful or harmful
foreign materials.
The various methods of han
dling dockage should he care
fully investigated and the one
that Is best suited to the needs
of the local conditions should be
adopted.
When a large percent age of
dockage is present in wheat it is
advisable to remove It on the
farm or at the point of shipment
and thus avoid paying the freight
for the dirt, chaff, weed seeds,
etc., on the basis of the rate for
w heat.
The farmer should get a high
er numerical grade for ids wheat
under the dockage system of the
federal grades than he would un
der a system of grading that
docs not require a determination
for dockage but lowers the
grade on account of the total
foreign material present in the
wheat marketed at country
points.
The dockage system in opera
tion protects tin' tanner from
the possibility of low prices
fixed hj the local buyer in or
der to insure a safe purchase on
a flat-rate basis.
Write the bureau of markets,
United States department of ag
riculture, Washington, fora bul
letin discussing “Ilockage Under
the Federal Wheat Grades,” It
will he sent free on request.
In grading wheat under the federal
standards one of the fundamental
principles is to determine the numeri
cal crude on a dockage-free basis;
that is, the dockage is first removed
front the sample and the grade deter
mination is made on the clean or dock
age-free wheat. A few exceptions to
this principle are noted in the follow
ing pages.
What is dockage? Ti is the foreign
material screened from a sample of
wheat to he graded, by the use of ap
propriate hand sieves or other clean
ing devices, such its those approved
by tin* United States department of
agriculture. It consists of sand, dirt,
weed seeds, weed stems, chaff, straw,
grain other than wheat, any other for
eign material, mid in certain eases
some finely broken and small shriv
eled kernels of wheat.
The purpose of the dockage provi
sion in the wheat Standards is to ena
ble the person grading the representa
tive sample to determine the approxi-
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Cereal Grain Seeds.
mute amount of easily separated for
eign material tliat is in the lot of
■wheat. 1 lockage is therefore approx
imately the percentage of foreign ma
terial which can he readily removed
from the lot of wheat by the ordinary'
commercial types of cleaning machin
ery commonly found in grain elevators
and mills.
The dockage test is made ordinarily
by weighing about l.txki grants of
wheat (about two and one-quarter
pounds), which should constitute a
representative sample. Grams are
used instead of other units for ease
Id deterntiii c* percentages.
me norange is scpantrctl from r-rr*
1,000-gram sample hv screening with
tiie proper hand sieves or by using an
approved cleaning device such as is
described under tin* heading “Detailed
Description of the Method of Deter
mining Dockage." The (lockage so
separated is weighed and the percent
age is found, bused on the toml
weight of the sample including the
dockage, if the amount of dockage
is tielow 1 per cent it is' disregarded.
For example, if only one-half of 1 per
cent foreign material is si separated
no dockage is assessed. This one
half of 1 per cent, however, would not
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Various Weed Seeds.
lie returned to Ihe sample used in de
termining the grade, if IV> tier cent
of dockage is separated. 1 per cent of
dockage would lie indicated in assign
ing the grade.
After the dockage is removed the
clean sample is used in determining
tlk* grade, save for a few exceptions.
Dockage does not affect the grade as
signed to the wheat. If 1 per cent or
more of separable foreign material is
found, dockage is assessed. In inspec
tion certificates it is indicated imme
diately after tin' statement of the
grade designation, as "N'o. 1 northern
spring, dockage I per cent,” "Vo. 1
northern spring, dockage 2 per cent,”
"\o. 2 red winter, dockage 1 percent,"
etc.
Foreign Material in Wheat.
The foreign material usually found
in wheat may become mixed with the
wheat while growing, or with the
grain at the time of threshing, or in
till* elevator or other place of storage
(hiring tin 1 various processes of linn
dllng or marketing. The presence <>t
foreign material in wheat at the time
of threshing may lie the result of im
pure seed, or of certain weather con
ditions which are unfavorable to the
growth of wheat plants but favorable
to the growth of weeds. If the seed
ts carefully selected, cleaned, tested
and treated before planting, if care is
exercised in the cultivation and crop
rotation, and if the wheat is carefully
threshed and denned at the time of
threshing, there should he ordinarily
very little foreign material present
wh<Mi tin 1 crop is marketed. The for
eign material In wheat may seriously
affect Us value in that it often in
creases the cost of milling and causes
injury to the baking qualities of tlour.
Therefore, that factor is considered In
the inspecting and grading of wheat.
The amount of dockage present lias a
hearing upon the commercial value of
Ia lot of wheat. Kspocinlly when
present hi large amounts, it is n fac
tor of considerable importance to the
parties interested in the marketing or
.storage of grain.
There are two terms in the federal
wheat standards which apply to for
eign material —"dockage" and "foreign
material other than dockage.” "l>ock
ng(" is the foreign material that is
I separated from the sample of wheat
by th(‘ correct use of appropriate hand
sieves. “Foreign material other than
dockage" Is the foreign material that
is not separated in the screening and
remains In the dockage-free sample.
“Dockage" does not affect the grade,
but sometimes does affect the weight
of the wheat to he sold. "Foreign ma
terial other than dockage" is a factor
in the grading, and definite percent
ages are permitted within eacii nu-
TTTE BARROW TIMES, WINDER, GEORGIA.
TRANSPORTATION IS
BOTHERING FARMERS
Particularly True in Case of Per
ishable Produce.
Adequate Facilities Would Enable Pro
ducer to Pick His Market and Sell
When and Where It Is Most
Advantageous.
Ilegardless of the shortage of labor
and other production problems con
fronting the farmer, the main eauke
for his not securing the full profits due
him can still be traced to insufficient
transportation facilities, at the time
he must get his crops to market. The
farmer who can convert Ihe spoilage
on the farm into cash goes a long way
toward satisfactorily offsetting every
thing else eating into his returns.
This is particularly true in the case
of highly perishable produce, also that
which lias a high market value early
in the season. Another advantage of
adequate farm transportation is that
_
Gathering Potatoes in Field and Load
ing on Truck.
it enables the farmer to pick his mar
ket. He (‘an sell when and where it
will lie to his greatest advantage to do
so.
The farmers in the potato growing
section of Maine have a period ot
about seventy days to market their
crop. The case of one man in Aroo
stnok county and what lie did to put
ids yearly returns in the plus column
is not only interesting hut typical of
how those men solved their haulage
difficult ies.
This particular grower had a 100-
acre potato farm situated seven and
one-half miles from a railroad. It
yielded about 150 barrels to the acre
for a total crop of around '14.000 bar
rels a year. Road conditions were
such that one team of horses could
haul but 20 barrels to a load and make
but one trip a day to the railroad stor
age house. In other words, lie required
20 teams to linndle his crop if begot it
to the warehouse in the 70 days be
tween “digging” and snow. Of course
all the other farmers of the commun
ity were in the same position and nat
urally none of. them could secure any
thing like 20 teams. Even if they had
the loads could not have been handled
at the loading platform. Ineidently.
the haulage cost of the 20 teams would
have been $6,000.
The farmer in question pu*t the prob
lem up to a truck concern. They pre
scribed a truck for ids job. He bought
it. This handled 45 barrels of potatoes
to tiie load, made six trips a day and
more at night, put tlie potatoes in the
storehouse in 70 days and more than
paid for itself while if was doing it as
tin 1 regular haulage rate by teams was
25 cents a barrel.
The motortruck is not a cure-all for
every transportation ill. hut it lias
barely scratched the surface as a farm
transportation unit. There are in
numerable cases of where it can go a
remarkably long way to give tlie farm
er more of the profits due him. This
story illustrates hut one of them.
TO DESTROY JOHNSON GRASS |
Crop of Oats or Wheat Will Keep
Plants in Weak Condition and
Prevent Root Penetration.
If during the early and mid part of
summer the Johnson grass can he kept
short enough to keep the plants in a
weak condition, comparatively few
root-stalks that penetrate deep into
the ground will he formed. An oat or
a wheat crop serves this; purpose quite
well. When the Johnson grass is in
this weakened condition, plowing in
August will further weaken the plants
and will entirely kill many of tlipin. If
the ground then is given clean cultiva
tion until fall, nearly all of the grass
that is not killed by the cultivation will
freeze out during the winter. In case
a good deal of the grass shows up
after this tnidsumim'r plow ing it may
he advisable to plow in late fall so as
to further expose the roots to freez
ing.
SOY BEAN GOOD SUBSTITUTE
When Cured in Time Crop Makes Hay
That Is Quite Palatable—Yield
Is Satisfactory.
It will take two or three years to
get back to the normal amount of
hay land, and in the meantime the
soy bean is one of the best substitutes
for the regular perennial legume hays.
If cured In time, it makes a hay that
Is very palatable and at the same time
gives a satisfactory return per acre.
Probably two and a half tons of cured
bay n ould be about the average yield.
For efficient and prompt service
—Call on —
THE TIMES
For your
Job Printing
RILEY & HOSCH
REAL ESTATE INSURANCE
WE HAVE SOME VERY DESIRABLE FARMS FOR SALE EN THE
FOLLOWING COUNTIES:—BARROW, JACKSON, WALTON, OCONEE,
GWINNETT, MADISON, OGLETHORPE and PUTNAM.
„WE MAKE
FARM LOANS
OFFICE ,
The North Georgia Trust & Banking Cos.
WINDER, GEORGIA
Come to the Fair Next Week
and carry your cars to
/
ALLEN’S GARAGE
The place where the people go to have
their automobiles put in first class run
ning order and have Batteries recharged
is at
G. J. Allen’s Garage
Athens Street
*
Quick and efficient service given and sat
isfaction guaranteed.
Allen’s Garage
TIH KSDAY, SEPT. 30, 1920.