Newspaper Page Text
sum; SANITARY ASPECTS OP BREAD
MARINO.
BT CYRUS EDSON, M. D.,
fiealth Commissioner, New York City.
It is necessary, if one would under
stand the sanitary aspects of bread
making, to fully comprehend the pres
ent theory held by scientists of germs
and the part played by them in disease.
The theory of disease germs is merelv
the name given to the knowledge had
of those germs by medical-men, a knowl
edge which is the result of innumera
ble experiments. Being this, the old
term of a “theory” has become a mis
nomer. A germ of a disease is a plant,
so small that I do not know how to ex
press intelligibly to the general reader
its lack of size. When this germ is in
troduced into the blood or tissues of
the body, its action appears to be an
alogous to that which takes place when
yeast is added to dough. It attacks
certain elements of the blood or tissues,
and destroys them, at the same time
producing new substances.
“DISEASE GERMS FOUND THEIR WAY INTO THE YEAST BREAD.”
1 But the germs of the greater part of
the germ diseases, that is, of the infec
tious and contagious diseases, will de
velop or increase in number without
being in the body of a human being,
provided always you give them the
'proper conditions. These conditions
‘are to be found in dough which is be
long raised with yeast. They are
[warmth, moisture and the organic
matter of the flour on which the germs,
'after certain changes, feed.
It is necessary to remember at this
point that yeast is germ growth, and
when introduced into a mixture of glu
cose or starch, in the presence of
warmth and moisture sets up a fer
mentation. If the mixture bo a starchy
jdough the yeast first ohanges a portion
[of the starch into glucose and then de
composes the glucose by changing it
[into two new substances, viz., carbonic
*aoid gas and alcohol,
j Now the glutten, which is also a con
stituent of dough and moist starch,
affords, with the latter, an excellent
t niduGi for the development of germs of
disease as well as for the yeast germs.
'The germs of cholera, as of typhoid
'fever, would, if introduced into dough,
Iflnd very favorable conditions for their
growth.
j Ido not wish to “pose” asan alarm
ist, nor am I willing to say there is
very muoh chance of the germs of
typhus and of cholera reaching the
stomachs of tho people who eat bread
which has been raised with yeast. But
I have not the slightest cause to doubt
that other diseases have been and will
be carried about in the bread.
, I have met journeymen bakers, suf
fering from cutaneous diseases, work
ing the dough in the bread trough
with naked hands and arms. I have
no reason to suppose bakers are less
liable to cutaneous diseases than any
other men, and I know, as every house
wife knows, yeast-raised bread must be
worked a long time. This is an ex
ceedingly objectionable thing from the
standpoint of a physician for the
reason that the germs of disease which
are in the air and dust and on stair
ways and straps in street cars, are
most often collected on the hands.
Any person who has ever kneaded
dough understands the way in which
the dough cleans the hands. This
means that any germs which may have
found a lodging place on the hands of
the baker before he makes up his
batch of bread are sure to find their
way into the dough, and once there, to
find all the conditions necessary for
subdivision and growth. This is
equivalent to saying that we must rely
on heat to kill these germs, because it
BREAD WITHOUT YEAST—“TSe MOST PERFECT OF ALL CONCEIVABLE WAYS OF RATS*
„ ' TNG IT.”
is almost certain that they will be
there. Now, underdone or doughy
bread is a form which every man and
woman has seen.
It is a belief as old as the hills that
underdone bread is unhealthful. This
reputation has been earned for it by
the experience of countless genera
tions, and no careful mother will wish
her children to eat bread that has not
been thoroughly cooked. The reason
given for this recognized unhealthful
ness has leen that the uncooked yeast
dough is very difficult to digest. No
one but a physician would be apt to
think of disease germs which have not
been killed during the process of bak
ing as a cause of the sickness following
the use of uncooked yeast bread. Yet
this result from this cause is more than
probable. I have not the slightest
doubt that could we trace back some
of the cases of illness which we meet
in our practice we would find that
germs collected by the baker have
found their way into th® yeast bread,
}hat the heat has not been to
destroy them, that the uncooked yeas!
bread has been eaten and with it the
colonies of germs, that they have
found their way into the blood and
that the call for our services which
followed, has rounded off this sequence
of events.
I have already pointed out that the
germs of disease are to be found in the
air and dust. The longer any sub
stauoe to bo eaten is exposed to the air,
the greater the chance that germs wilj
be deposited on it. Bread raised wit!
yeast is worked down or kneaded twice
before being baked and this process
may take anywhere from four hours tc
ten. It has, then, the chance of col
lecting disease germs during this pro
cess of raising and it has two periods
of working down or kneading during
each of which it may gather the dirt
containing the germs from the baker’s
hands. As no bread save that raised
with yeast, goes through this long
process of raising and kneading so no
bread save that raised with yeast has
so good a chance of gathering germs.
What is meant by “raising” bread
is worth a few words. The introduc
tion of the yeast into the moist dough
and the addition of heat when the par
is placed near the fire produces an
enormous growth of the yeast fungi—
the yeast “germ,” in other words.
These fungi effect a destructive fer
mentation of a portion of the starchy
matter of the flour —one of the mosl
valuable nutrient elements in the flour.
The fermentation produces carbonit
acid gas, and this, having its origin ic
every little particle of the starch
which is itself everywhere in the flour,
pushes aside the particles of the dough
to give itself room. This is what is
called “raising the bread.”
It needs but a glance to see that it
is, in its effects on the dough, purely
mechanioal. The dough, which was
before a close-grained mass, is now
full of little holes, and when cooked
in this condition is what we ordinarily
call light. This porous quality oi
bread enables the stomach to rapidly
and easily digest it, for the gastric
juices quiokly soak into and attack it
from all sides. The fermentation oi
the dough, however, uses up a portion
of the nutrient elements of the loaf.
If it be possible, therefore, to produce
a light porous loaf without this de
struction and without the “kneading”
process, which fills the dough with
germs and filth, and without the long
period during which the raising pro
cess goes on, the gain in food and the
gain in the avoidance of the germs is
exceedingly plain.
But while we can easily see the
dangers which attend the use of yeast
it is certain that the vesiculating effect
produced by it on the dough is to the
last degree perfect. It is apparent
that if we are to substitute any other
system of bread making we must have
one which will give us, first, mechanical
results equally as good, that is, that
will produce minute bubbles oi
carbonic acid gas throughout the mass
of dough. Now it is in no way diffi
cult to produce carbonic acid gas
chemically, but when we are working
at bread we must use such chemicals
as are perfectly healthful. Fortunately
these are not hard to find.
The evils which attend the yeast
made bread are obviated by the use oi
a properly made, pure aud wholesome
baking powder in lieu of yeast. Bak
ing powders are composed of an acid
and an alkali which, if properly com
bined, should when they unite at once
destroy themselves and produce car
bonic acid gas. A good baking pow
der does its work while the loaf is in
the oven, and having done it, disap
pears.
But care is imperative in selecting
the brand of baking powder to be cer
tain that it is composed of non-injuri
ous chemicals. Powders containing
alum or those which are compounded
from impure ingredients, or those
which are not combined in proper pro
portion or carefully mixed and which
will leave either an acid or an alkali in
the bread, must not be used.
It is well to sound a note of warning
in this direction or the change from
the objectionable yeast to an impure
baking powder will be a case of jump
ing from the frying pan into the fire.
The best baking powder made is, as
shown by analysis, the “Royal. It
contains absolutely nothing but cream
of tartar and soda, refined to a chem
ical purity, which when combined un
der the influence of heat and moisture
produce carbonic acid gas, and having
done this, disappear. Its leavening
strength has been found superior to
other baking powders, and as far as I
know, it ia the only powder which will
raise large bread perfectly. Its osf
avoids the long period during which
the yeast made dough must stand in
order that the starch may ferment and
there is also no kneading necessary.
The two materials used in the Royal,
cream of tartar and soda, are perfectly
harmless, even when eaten. But they
are combined in exact compensating
weights, so that when chemical action
begins between them they practically
disappear, the substance of both hav
ing been taken up to form the carbon
ic acid gas. More than this, the
proper method of using the powder
insures the most thorough mixing
with the flour. The proper quantity
being taken, it is mixed with the flour
and stirred around in it. The mix
ture is then sifted several times and
this insures that in every part of the
flour there shall be a few particles of
the powder. The salt and milk or wa
ter being added, the dough is made up
as quiokly as possible and moulded
into the loaves.
These are placed in the oven and
baked. But the very moment the
warmth and moisture attack the mix
ture of cream of tartar and soda, these
two ingredients chemically combine
and carbonic acid or leavening gas is
fevolved. The consequence may be
seen at a glance, the bread is raised
during the time it is baking in the
oven, and this is the most perfect of
all conceivable methods of raising it.
Here, then, there is no chance for
germs of disease to get into the dough
and thence into the stomach, more
than that the bread is necessarily as
sweet as possible, there having been
no time during which it could sour.
This involves the fact that the bread
so made will keep longer, as it is less
likely to be contaminated by the germs
that affeot the souring process.
It will be strange if the crowds of
visitors to the World’s Fair do not
greatly increase the number of con
tagious diseases, which we will have to
treat. Under these circumstances is
it not folly of follies to open a single
channel through which these germs
may reach us? Is it not tho part of
wisdom to watch with the greatest care
all that we eat and drink, aud to see
that none but the safest and best meth
ods are employed in the preparation
of our food? To me it seems as
though there could be but oue answer
to questions like these.
I have shown the danger of using
the yeast raised bread, and with this I
have shown how that danger may be
avoided. The ouuoe of prevention
which in this case is neither difficult
nor expensive is certainly worth many
pounds of cure, and the best thing
about it is that it may be relied on al
most absolutely. Those who eat bread
or bisouits or rolls made at home with
Royal baking powder may be sure they
have absolutely stopped oue channel
through which disease may reach
them.
Note. —Housekeepers desiring informa
tion in regard to the preparation of the bread
which, for sanitary reasons, Dr. E Ison so
strongly urges for general use, should write
to the Royal Baking Powder Company, New
York.
Faulty Teaching.
When one talks or writes about
working butter till all the butter milk
is out, it may be set down that such a
person is not correct either in the
theory or practice of butter making.
This is perhaps a hard thing to say
when it is known that not only editors
but instructors in dairy schools use
such expressions. —■
The editor of the dairy department
of an agricultural paper, who is also
instructor in the dairy school of an
agricultural college, recently in an ed
itorial on working butter used the fol
lowing expression: “The salt must
be worked in evenly and thoroughly
and the buttermilk worked out as
much as possible, and yet the working
must be discontinued at just the right
time or the grain is injured.”
The above may sound well to a per
son not having a practical knowledge
of butter making, but to the initiated
there are certain ear-marks that give
the writer away. Will at this time
refer to but one of them. All the but
termilk should be washed out of the
butter while the latter is in the gran
ular state. We say all and we mean
all absolutely. Therefore when an in
structor in a dairy school or any one
else talks or writes about working it
out, it shows faulty theory, and as a
result faulty practice must be in
ferred.
A Statue of Fulton.
There is a little trick about the
statue of Fulton in Statuary hall that
few visitors ever see. Fulton is rep
resented with a model of his great
discovery in his hand. Standing at
the left and looking at his face there
is the most hopeless kind of an ex
pression on his features. Walk slow
ly around in front of the figure, and
the expression changes to one of hope.
The farther you go toward the right
the more hopeful the face becomes,
until at the extreme right it bursts
suddenly into a look that almost says,
“I’ve got it.” —Kate Field's Wash
ington.
Solifled Petrolenm.
Solidified petroleum fuel is said to
have been experimented with success
fully. The fuel is composed of 600
parts of petroleum to 300 parts of
melted and dissolved soda, 90 parts of
rosin and 10 parts of concentrated
calcium chloride solution. After the
mass has become solid it is cut up in
to small bricks, which may be used in
the same way as coal or any other
similar fuel.
Scrambled Eggs.
The secret of scrambled eggs is not
to beat them before cooking, to have
a hot skillet and take them off while
they are yet soft; they cook a half
minute after they are taken off, which
many cooks do not allow for. A dash
of lemon juice just as they are going
to the table in a hot dish is an addi
tion.
A Forgetful Dog.
Mamma—“Why don’t you take your
little dog with you when you go walk
ing?”
Little Dot—“ Cause quick as he gets
away from home, he forgets his man
ners, and sticks his tongue out before
company.”
Collector —“ Well I’ve come after
that five dollars you owe our firm.”
Editor—“ You shouldn’t do it, young
man. You disrupt the alphabetical
oidejr, y should never come after V,”
PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE.
Grover Cleveland Tails Emphatic
ally on the Silver Question.
REPEAL THE SHERMAN ACT.
IS HIS POSITIVE RECOMMENDA
TION TO CONGRESS.
He Wants Money That the World Will
Recognize---A Short Session.
Washington, August 8, 1898.
To the Congress of the United States:
The existence of an alarming and extra
ordinary business situation, involving tin
welfare and prosperity of all our people,
lias constrained me to call together, in
extra session, the people’s representative.-
in congress, to the end that through a wise
and patriotic exercise of the legislative
duty with which they solely are charged
the present evils may lie mitigated and the
dangers threatening the future may be
averted.
ouk unfortunate financial plight
is not the result of untoward events nor of
conditions related to our natural resources,
nor is it traceable to any of the afflictions
which frequently check natural growth
aud prosperity. With plenteous crops,
with abundant promise of remunerative
production and manufactures, with unusu
al invitation to safe investment aud with
satisfactory assurance to business
enterprise, suddenly a financial distrust
and fear have sprung up on every side.
Numerous moneyed institutions have sus
pended because abundant assets were not
immediately available to meet the de
mands of frightened depositors. Surviv
ing corporations and individuals are con
tent to keep in hand the money they are
usually anxious to loan, aud those eugaged
in ligitimaie business are surprised to find
that tho securities they offer for loans,
though heretofore satisfactory, are no
longer accepted. Values supposed to be
fixed are fast becoming conjectural, and
loss and failure have invaded every branch
of business. I believe these things are
PRINCIPALLY CHARGEABLE TO CONGRES
SIONAL LEGISLATION
touching the purchase and coinage of sil
ver by the general government. This leg
islation is embodied in a statute passed on
the 14th day of July, 1890, which was the
culmination of much agitation on the sub
ject involved, and which may be consid
ered a truce, after a long struggle between
the advocates of free silver coinage and
those intending to be more conservative.
Undoubtedly the monthly purchase of
the government of four million and five
hundred thousand ounces of silver, en
forced under that statute, were regarded by
those interested in silver production as a
certain guaranty of its increase in price.
The result, however, lias been entirely dif
ferent, for immediately following a spas
modic and slight rise the price of silver be
gan to fall after the passage of the act and
has since reached the lowest point ever
known. This disappointing result has led
to renewed and persistent effort in the di
rection of free silver coinage.
Meanwhile, not only are the evil effects
of the operation of the present law con
stantly accumulating, but the result to
which its execution must inevitably lead
is becoming palpable to all who give the
least heed to financial subjects. This law
provides that in payment for the 4,500,000
ounces of silver bullion which the secre
tary of treasury is commanded to purchase
monthly, there shall be issued treasury
notes redeemable on demand in gold or
silver coin, at the discretion of the secre
tary of the treasury, and that said notes
may be reissued. It is, however, declared
in the act to be "the established policy of
the United States to maintain the two
metals on a parity with each other upon
the present legal ratio or such ratio as may
be provided by law.”
This declaration so controls the action of
the secretary of the treasury aa to prevent
his exercising the discretion nominally
vested in him, if by such action the parity
between gold and silver may be disturbed.
Manifestly a refusal by the secretary to
pay these treasury notes in gold, if de
manded, would necessarily result in their
discredit and depreciation as obligations
payable only in silver, and would de
stroy the parity between the two metals
by establishing a discrimination in favor
of gold. Up to the 15th day of
July, 1893, these notes had been issued in
payment of silver bullion purchases, to the
amount of more than one hundred and
forty-seven millions of dollars.
While all but a very small quantity of
this bullion remains uncoined and without
usefulnesss in the treasury, many of the
notes given in its purchase have been
paid in gold. This is illustrated by the
statement that between May Ist, 1892,
and the fifteenth day of July, 1893, the
notes of this kind issued in payment for
silver bullion amounted to a little more
than fifty-four millions of dollars, and that
during the same period about forty-nine
millions .of dollars were paid by the
treasury in gold for redemption of such
notes.
The pelicy necessarily adopted ot paying
these notes in gold has not spared the gold
reserve of one hundred millions of dollars
long ago set aside by the government fox
the redemption of other notes, for this
fund has already been subjectd to the pay
ment of new obligations amounting to
about one hundred and fifty million dollars
on account of silver purchases, and has as a
consequence, for the first time since its
creation, been encroached upon. We have
thus made
THE DEPLETION OF OUR GOLD EAST,
and have tempted other and more appreci
ative nations to add it to their stock. That
the opportunity we have offered has not
been neglected is shown by the large
amounts of gold which have been recently
drawn from our treasury and exported to
increase the financial strength of foreign
nations. The excess of exports of gold
over its imports for the year ending
June 30, 1893, amounted to more than
eighty-seven and a half millions of dol
lars; between the first day of July, 1890,
and the fifteenth day of July, 1893, the
gold coin and bullion in our treasury de
creased more than §132,000,000,-while dur
ing the same period the silver coin and
bullion in the treasury increased more
than §147,000,000.
T7NLE-S GOVERNMENT BONDS
are to he constantly issued and sold to re
plenish our exhausted gold, only to he
again exhausted, it is apparent that the
operation of the silver purchase law now
in force, leads in the direction of the entire
substitution of Bilver for the gold in the
government treasury, and that
this mast he followed by the
payment of all government obligations in
depreciated silver. At this stage gold and
silver must part company and the govern
ment must fail in its established policy to
maintain the two metals on a parity with
each other.
Given over to exclusive use of & currency
greatly depreciated according to the staad
ard of the commercial world, we could
NO LONGER CLAIM A PLACE AMONG NATIONS
of the first class, nor coqld our government
claim a performance of its (Aligatioft so
far as such an obligation has been imposed
upon it, to provide for the use of the peo
ple the best and safest money. If, as many
of its friends claim, silver ought to occupy
a larger place in our currency and
the currency of the world
through general international co-operation,
and agreement, it is obvious that the
United States will not be in a position to
gain a hearing in favor of such an arrange
ment so long as we are willing to continue
c/ur attempt to accomplish the
result single handed. The knowl
edge In business circles ameng our own
people that our government cannot make
its fiat equivalent to intrinsic
value, nor keep inferior money on a parity
with superior money, by its own independ
ent efforts, has resulted in such a lack of
confidence at home, in the stabilities of
currency values that capital refuses its aid
to new enterprises while millions are act
ually withdrawn from the channels of trade
and commerce to become idle and unpro
ductive in the hands of timid owners.
FOREIQN NATIONS WILL NOT PURCHASE.
Foreign nations, equally alert, not only
decline to purchase American securities,
but make haste to sacrifice those which
they already have. It does not meet the
situation to say that apprehension in re
gard to the future of our fiuances is
groundless, and that there is no reason
for lack of confidence in the purposes or
power of the government in the premises.
The very existence of this apprehension
and the lack of confidence, however caused,
is a menace which ought not for a moment
to he disregarded. Possibly, if the under
taking we have in hand were the mainte
uance of a specific known quantity of silver
at a parity with gold our ability to do so
might be estimated and gauged, and per
haps in view of our unparalleled growth
and resources, might be favorably passed
upon. But when our avowed endeavor is
to maintain such parity in regard to an
amount of silver increasing at the rate of
fifty millions of dollars yearly, with no
fixed termination to such increase it can
hardly be said that a problem is presented
whose solution is free from doubt
ENTITLED TO SOUND MONET.
The people of the United States are en
titled to a sound and stable currency, and
to money recognized as such on every ex
change and in every market of the world.
Their government has no right
to injure Them by financial
experiments opposed to the policy
and practice of other civilized states, nor
is it justified in permitting an exaggerated
and unreasonable reliance on our national
strength and ability to jeopardize the
soundness of the people’s money. This
matter rises above the plane of party poli
tics.
VITALLT CONCERNS ALL BUSINESS.
It vitally concerns evqry business and
calling and enters every household in the
land. There is one important aspect of the
subject which especially should never he
overlooked. At times, like the present,
when the evils of unsound finance threaten
us, the speculator may anticipate a
harvest gathered from the misfortune of
olhers. The capitalist may protect himself
by hoarding or may even find profit in the
fluctuation of values; but the wage
earner—the first to be injured by a depre
ciated currency and the last to receive the
benefit of its correction—is practically de
fenseless.
He relies for work upon the ventures of
confident and contented capital. This
failing him, his condition is without alle
viation, for ho can neither prey on the
misfortunes of others nor hoard bis labor.
LABOR FEELS IT FIRST.
One of the greatest statesmen our coun
try has known, speaking more than fifty
years ago. when a derangement of the cur
rency had caused commercial distress,
said: “The very man of all others who
has the deepest interest in a souud curren
cy and who suffers most by mischievous
legislation in money matters, is the inau
who earns his daily broad by his daily
toil.'’
These words are as pertinent now as on
the day they were uttered, and ought to
impressively remind us that a failure iu
the discharge of our duty at this timo
must especially injure those of our coun
trymen who labor, and who because
of their number and condition
are entitled tlio most watchful care of tfcoir
government. It is of utmost importance
that such relief as congress can afford in
the existing situation he afforded at once.
The maxim, “he gives twice who gives
quickly,” is directly applicable.
It may he true that tho embarrassments
from which the business of the country is
suffering, arise as much from evils appre
hended, as from those actually existing.
All may hope, too, that calm counsels will
prevail and that neither the capitalists nor
the wage earners will give way to unrea
soning panic and sacrifice their property or
their interests under the influence of exag
gerated fears.
DELAY JS DANGEROUS.
Nevertheless, every day’s delay in re
moving one of the plain and principal
causes of the present state of things en
larges the mischief already done end in
creases the responsibility of the govern
ment for its existence.
Whatever else the people have aright to
expect from congress they may certainly
demand that legislation condemned hv the
ordeal of three years disastrous experience
shall bo removed from the statute books as
soon as their representatives can legiti
mately deal with it. a
TARIFF REFORM IN SEPTEMBER.
It was my purpose to summon congress in
special session early in the coming Sep
tember, that we might enter promptly
upon the work of tariff reform which the
true interests of the country clearly de
mand, which so large a majority of the
people, as shown by their suffrages, desire
and expect, and to the accomplishment
of which every effort of the present admin
istration is pledged. But while tariff re
form has lost nothing of its immediate and
permanent importance and mast in the
near future engage the attention of con
gress, it has seemed to me that the finan
cial condition of the country should at
once and before all other subjects be con
sidered by your honorable body.
HE URGES THE REPEAL OF THE SHERMAN LAW.
I earnestly recommend the prompt repeal
of the provisions of the act passed July 14,
1890, authorizing the purchase of sil
ver bulliou, and that other legislative
action may put, beyond all doubt, or mis
take th intention and the ability of the
government to fulfill its pecuniary obliga
tions in money universally recognized by
all civilized countries. .
[Signed.] Grover Cleveland.
Executive Mansion, August 7, 1893.
Wasps Are Natural Surgeons.
Wasps, according to a scientific paper,
are natural surgeons. A gentleman be
coming annoyed by the persistent buz
zing of a wasp about hig head, knocked
it down with a newspaper. It fell
through an open window upon the sill,
apparently dead. Only apparently, for
a few seconds later a large wasp flew on
to the window sill, and after buzzing
around the injured one a second or two,
began tfi lick it all over. After this
(which may have been a kind of mas
sage) the sick wasp seemed to revive,
and his friend then dragged him gently
to the edge, grasped him around the
body and flew away with him.
Lowry City, Mo., has 4 3740 pound
steer.
Fire Kinds of Paper Money.
* ‘How many kinds of paper money are
there?” repeated Assistant Treasurer
Sam Bailey when asked the question.
“Five, and if you’ll wait an instant I’ll
show you samples of them aIL”
Returning with five crisp slips, he
scaled off the first at random and held
it out at arm’s length. “That’s a
United States treasury note or green
back, the government’s note of hand,
legal tender at its face value in pay
ment of all debts—all means all, doesn’t
it? —public and private, except when
otherwise expressly stipulated in the
contract. That is to say, the govern
ment sometimes makes a contract to
pay in gold, but if not then this note
is a legal tender for all purposes.
“Here is a S2O gold certificate.
That represents 20 gold dollaus depos
ited in the United States treasury.
Gold cannot be legally paid out for
any other form of paper money. The
silver certificate represents so many
dollars deposited in the treasury.
Gold tannot be claimed upon it. The
coin certificate is not, as many think,
payable in gold or silver. It repre
sents the silver coined each month,
under the bullion purchase act of
1891, and is payable only in silver.
If gold were demanded for it, I should
be obliged to refuse. The fifth kind
of paper money is the national bank
note. It displaced the old state bank
notes, and is secured by United States
bonds purchased by the bank issuing
it and deposited with the United
States treasurer. It is legal tender for
all debts, public and private, except
interest on the public debt and cus
toms duties. All these moneys are, I
believe, coined in all denominations,
from $1 up, except the gold certificate,
which is not issued for sums under
S2O. ” —Cincinnati Tribune.
An Enemy of Sewers.
Tho eucalyptus tree is the greatest
destroyer of a sewerage system known
to the municipalities. The fibrous
roots will penetrate the smallest pos
sible opening at the pipe connections,
and once into the sewer.pipe will grow
and expand until the sewer is entirely
choked up, and in a number of cities
it has been found that the pipes have
been broken. The planting of trees
of this variety should be discouraged.
In some cities ordinances have been
passed compelling property owners to
cut down all trees of the gum variety
for the protection of the sanitary con
dition.—Modesto News.
Sweet Charity.
Mother—“ What in the world are
you so busy at?”
Small Son—“Us boys is gettin’ up a
charity circus, and I guess we’ll make
a lot o’ money, too. All the children
is interested in the cause. ”
Mother—“ That’s noble. And you
intend to give it all to the poor?”
Small Son —“Yes’m. Our teacher is
going to marry a real nice man, and
we all feel so sorry for him we wants
to raise money so he can buy a ticket
for somewhere and run away.” —Street
& Smith’s Good News.
Growing Old Pleasantly.
The cheerfulest old folks you can find are
those wise enough to mitigate the infirmities
of age with Hostetter’s Stomach Bitters, the
finest tonic in declining years, infirmity,
delicate health and convalescence. It stimu
lates digestion, renews appetite and sleep, and
insures regular action of the liver and bowels.
Against malaria, rheumatism and kidney
complaints it is a reliable safeguard.
Discount all your own notes before com
mencing to discount other people’s.
Malaria cured and eradicated from the sys
tem by Brown’s Iron Bitters, which enriches
the blood, tones the nerves, aids digestion.
Acts like a charm on persous in general ill
health, giving new energy and sirength.
Don’t worry about heaven if your conscience
tells you that you deserve it.
How’s This !
We offer One Hundred Dollars Reward for
any case of Catarrh that cannot be cured by
Hall’s Catarrh Cure.
F. J. Cheney & Cos., Props., Toledo, O.
We, the undersigned, have known F. J. Che
ney for the last 15 years, and believe him per
fectly honorable in all business transactions
and financially able to carry out any obliga
tion made by their firm.
West & Trcax, Wholesale Druggists, Toledo,
Ohio.
Walding, Kinvan & Marvin, Wholesale
Druggists, Toledo, Ohio.
Ha’l's Catarrh Cure is taken internally, act
ing direotly upon the blood and mucous sur
faces of the system. Price, 75c. per bottle. Sold
by all Druggists. Testimonials free.
We Care Rnptur*.
No matter of how long standing. Write
for free treatise, testimonials, etc., to S. J.
Hollensworth & Cos., Owego, Tioga Cos., N. Y.
Price $1; by mail, $1.15.
The surest way to be happy yourself is to try
to make everybody else happy.
Brown’s Iron Bitters cures Dyspepsia, Mala
ria, Biliousness and General Deoiiit.v. Gives
strength, aids Digestion, tones the av.'vcs —
creates appetite. The best tonic for an ursine
Mothers, weak women and children.
At the present time the banks take no note
of time—nor anybody else.
A wonderful stoma' h correclor —Beecham’s
Pills. Beecham’s—no others. 25cts. a box.
If afflicted with sore eyes use Dr. Isaac Thomp
son's Eye-water.Druegists sell at 25c per bott ie.
Distress in the Stomach
Heartburn, Sick Head
ache and other symp- If jgr ‘ hk ”
toms of Dyspepsia J 'a
troubled me for several jWk mms 18
years. Since I have been J y
taking Hood’s Sar- I Lgr* / Jr
saparilla all this is <
changed. Dyspepsia? i
trouble no longer bothers [
me. I do not have heart- 1
burn and I am free from t,
headache. 1 have gained iirtT^Pliw
in flesh and feel better in
ever way.” Mrs. J. H.Cook, Martinsville, 11.
Hood’s Pills are purely vegetable. 25 cents.
vlflwsifi
Stove Poush
Do Not Be Deceived
with Pastes, Enamels and Paints which stain the
bands. Injure the Iron and burn red.
The Rising Sun Store Polish is Brilliant, Odor
less, Durable, and the consumer pays for no tin
or glass package with erery purchase.
lan ideal family medicine!
■ For Indigestion. BiUwma,
" Headache, Constipation, Had - S
| Complexion, Offensive Breath, djji .
I and all disorders of the Stomach, |
I liver and Bowels, =
I RIPANS fABULES \
= act gently yet promptly. Perfect s
I digestion follows their nee. Bold |
?by druggists or sent by mall. Box VaMaHr
= (BviaUV?sc. Packaged boxes), $3.
I For free sample*-address
s HI PANS CHEMICAL CO., New York. =
hiiipj'.a.-:n.;.Ji':: |n:-JiM.aim)i. ; .n. ii-iw*
HARD RUBBER RUPTURE.
TRUSSES ticulars. P
1. B.SEKLBV & C0.,25 S. 11th St.,i’UUada-
KNOWLEDGE
Brings comfort and improvement and
tends to personal enjoyment when
rightly used. The many, who live bet
tei .man others and enjoy life more with
less expenditure, by more promptly
adapting the world’s best products to
the needs of physical being, will attest
the value to health of the pure liquid
laxative principles embraced in the
remedy, Syrup of Figs.
Its excellence is due to its presenting
iu the form most acceptable and pleas
ant to the taste, the refreshing and truly
beneficial properties of a perfect lax
ative ; effectually cleansing the system
dispelling colds, headaches and fevers
and permanently curing constipation.
It has given satisfaction to millions and
met with the approval of the medical
profession, because it acts on the Kid
neys, Liver and Bowels without weak
ening them and it is perfectly free from
every objectionable substance.
Syrup of Fip is for sale by all drug
gists in 50c and $1 bottles, but it is man
ufactured by the California Fig Syrup
Cos. only, whose name is printed on every
package, also the name, Syrup of Figs,
and being well informed, you will not
accept any substitute if offered.
‘August
Flower”
I had been troubled five months
with Dyspepsia. I had a fullness
after eating, and a heavy load in the
pit of my stomach. Sometimes a
deathly sickness would overtake
me. I was working for Thomas
McHenry,Druggist, Allegheny City,
Pa., in whose employ I had been for
seven years. I used August Flower
for two weeks. I was relieved of all
trouble. I can now eat things I
dared not touch before. I have
gained twenty pounds since my re
covery. J. D. Cox, Allegheny, Pa. ®
Young Mothers!
We Offer You a Remedy
which Insure Safety to
life of Mother and Child. V
“MOTHER’S FRIEND"
Robs Confinement of itt
Fain, Horror and Risk.
After uslngonebottleof “ Mother’s Friend” t
Buffered but little pain, and did not experience that
weakness afterward usual In such cases.—Mrs.
Annie Gaok, Lamar, Mo., Jan. 15th, 1891.
Sent by express, charges prepaid, on receipt of
price, $1.50 per bottle. Book to Mothers mailed free.
BBADFIELD BEGVLAIOS CO., j
ATLANTA, GA.
BOLD BIT ALL DRUGGISTS.
WHISKY
AND OPIUM
HABITS CURED
At your home without pain or confinement.
Patients continue business while under treat
ment. Whisky and all other drujjs stopped
immediately on beginning trea'ment—do not
need them. No treatment yet discovered to
compare with it. Have given special study
and practice to these diseases for the past
twenty years, with continued and successful
increase in practice. Write for my book
of cures, free.
B.M. WOOLLEY, M. I>, Dcp’t A.
Office, No. 104 fa Whitehall Street, Atlanta, Ga-
AN ASTONISHING\
TONIC FOR WOMEN.
McELREE’d
It Strengthens the Weak, Quiets the
Nerves, Relieves Monthly
Suffering and Cures
PEMALE DIBEABEB.
ASK YOUR DRUGGIST ABOUT IT.
•1.00 PER BOTTLE.
CHATTANOOGA HED. CO., Chittanoogt, Tonn.
MEND YOUR OWN HARNESS
I WITH
THOMSON’S BH
SLOTTED
CLINCH RIVETS.
No tools required. Only a hammer needed to drlM
*na c inch th.m easily and quickly, leaving the clinch
sbso:utely smooth. Requiring no ho eto be made in
the leather nor burr for the Rivets. They are atroatg,
tongh and durable. Millions now in use. All
lengths, uniform or assorted, put up In boxes.
Ask your dealer Tor them, or send 40c. la
stamps for a box of 100, assorted sizes. Man'fd by
JUDSON L. THOMSON MFG. CO.,
WAXTHAM, MASS.
CANCER
CURED WITHOUT THE KNIFE
Or use of painfu l , bur .ine, poisonous plas
ters. Cancers exclusively treated. Dr.
P. B. Green’s Sanatorium, Fort Payne, Ala.
— ■>.******■ —O
>we ji an/ one oouuia
tgl M we can cure the in st cb-
I blood poisok Ssri.r^Vr",;""
• cDCPI At TV &■ particulars and jnve^ti
* fid pate our reliab lit/. Our
fin'inrlal backing is
BglMßMarw rfrlalj s.‘>oo,ooo. TrThen mercury,
iodide potassium, sarsapirilla or Hot Spring* i*’ o
guarantee a cure—and our Cyphilene is the only
thing that will cure permanently. P ,sitive proof §eu%
sealed, free, cook Remedy Cos., Chicago, 111*
REFRIGERATORS If C not satisfactory re
turn at once ad pet your money hack. K. I <
RANDALL, arriage Repository, New OrlcaaA
CANCER Cured Permanently
no knife.nopoison.no plaster.
JNO. B. HARRIS, Fort p.yn-, Ais.
nniTfir Altnrn SEND for FREE Circular.
Pill I fifc UUlir. J.N.Klein.Beilevllle,.N..T.
#Piso s Remedy for tiitarrli is the M
Best Easiest to Use, and Cheapest.
sEsrerasinj
yfhd by druggists or sent by mail, M
50c.' E. T. Hazeltine, Warren, Pa. Q
A, N. U. Thv'tT three. ’M