Newspaper Page Text
Agricultural Extension
• Work Tremendous
Factor In Georgia
Forty Thousand People Are
Cooperating
J. PHIL CAMPBELI , Director Exten
sion Service, Ga. St. Col. Of Agr.
According to statistics, Georgia
leads all states in the Union in many
important phases of agricultural ex
tension work. Georgia has the largest
enrollment in Boys’ Corn Clubs, the
largest number of farmers, farmers’
wives, farm boys and girls organized
into agricultural work . :.d the best pig
club results of any state.
The extension write of the Georgia
State College of Agriculture was in
augurated in 1908, and lias grown until
there are now 15 field specialists, 84
district and county farm agents and
49 agents in home economics. These
and other agricultural workers at the
College of Agriculture comprise a
force of 200 people working as a unit
to carry out a definite program of agri
cultural improvement in Georgia.
The annual report of the Director
of Extension Service of the College of
Agriculture has just been completed,
which reveals many interesting figures
as to the work done by this force dur
ing the year ending June JO, 1916.
The extension workers ur< the bear
ers of usable information taken from
the ' storehouse of agricultural knowl
edge represented by the College of Ag
riculture. No more popular move
ment has been fostered by legislation
in recent years than this of carrying
out information to the farmers. A
schedule of appropriations proposed by
the Smith-Lever bill makes possible
sums of money with which the colos
sal enterprise may be undertaken.
That Georgia is getting its money's
worth in service rendered and wealth
,and happiness created, can be judged
from the results which the reports
show.
40,000 People Co-Operating
The annual report of extension work
shows that 41,000 ruml people of Geor
gia were enrolled and had done defi
nite work in advanced lines of agri
culture during the year. Of this num
ber farmers and farmers’ wives who are
enlisted as demonstrators in home eco
nomic work constitute 21,000, the re
maindei bc.ng members of boys’ and
girls’ clubs.
County Agents In Farm Demonstration
Work
The county agents in farm demon
stration work have shown that farm
,ers who have followed methods which
they have recommended have more
than doubled the yield of corn over
the average of the state. The same
is true of oats, while large increases
are revealed with cotton, wheat, etc.
These agents have started alfalfa
fields all over the state. They have
introduced clovers, vetch, cowpeas,
velvet beans, soy beans and other soil
building crops where they had never
been grojvn before. Purebred live
stock has been brought in, more than
50)000 hogs have been inoculated for
cholera by these agents during the
year, 222 silos have been constructed
by them, waterworks, light plants have
been installed and a vast amount of
other helpful service rendered which
is mote fully shown in the summaries
given further on.
Home Economic Agents Work
Georgia now has two supervising
and 4C county agents in home econom
ics, The Home Economic Agents
have charge of Girls’ Canning Clubs,
home demonstration work in home
economics and poultry club work. Ac
cording to their reports these agents
were instrumental in enrolling 3,838
girls in canning club:>, of which num
ber 1,100 completed their reports,
which show that tiny canned 1,268,-
468 pounds of tomatoes which they
grew on their one tenth-acre tracts,
a product worth $29,555.49. The club
members also put up 0,850 jars of
blackberry jam, 7,300 jars of fig pre
serves, 16,989 bottles of catsup and
fruit juice. The work done in poul
try clubs is revealed in reports of the
clubs.
In home demonstration work these
women agents had built and introduc
ed many labor saving devices and con
veniences. Special effort was made
during the year to introduce one or
two conveniences and these were tire
less cookers and iceless refrigerators.
About 500 fireless cookers were made
and about 175 iceless refrigerators.
Over 500 home-made fly traps were
made, 76 home-made water works
were installed. In all 828 women en
rolled as demonstrators in home eco
nomics. The county agents visited
8.419 homes, held 3,082 meetings that
wi re attended by 85,077 people. They
distributed 14,938 bulletins and 13,164
letters were sent out.
20,000 Boys In Clubs
Nearly 20,000 Georgia boys belong
to agricultural clubs in Georgia, in
cluding the Boys’ Corn Clubs, the
Boys’ Pig Clubs, the Boys' Four Crop
Clubs and similar organizations.
Georgia’s average yield of com per
acre has increased nearly five bush
els to the acre since the Boys’ Corn
Clubs were organized in Georgia and
to these clubs the increase is largely
attributed. The greatest yield ever
made in Georgia was that of Ben
in Walker county, 1911. His
record is 214 bushels to the acre.
The corn club boys who made re
ports during the year ending June 30,
1916, made an average of 45 bushels
to the acre at a cost of 42 cents per
bushel as against the general ave-age
,yield i- i the ....c ol lo Li*...,cis.
&eata Other Stales tn Pig Club Results
According to reports of all pig clubs
In the United States, Georgia leads
in largest net profit per pig and low
est cost of producing gain, excelling
such corn stales as Indiana, Nebras
ka and Kentucky. Georgia club boys
have purebred pigs for one thing. The
imrebreds and low cost of feed netted
an average of $20.77 profit per pig at
a cost of 2.9 cents per pound of gain.
Moving Pictures Used
A novelty in extension work among
farmers in Georgia and in the United
States is the movies. A complete
liower outfit of engine, dynamo and
moving picture apparatus is carried j
out to school houses in the country
on an unto truck. The very best of j
results as to pictures are obtained, j
Vast crowds swarm to see the agri
cultural pictures, many to see movies
for the first time.
Field Specialists Visit Farmers
No more important work is done
than that which is conducted by spe
cialists who go out from the College
of Agriculture and come in touch with
the farmers and help them solve their
p; oh; ins. Through these specialists
demonstration work is done in beef
production such as right feeding, con
struction of silos, planting feed crops,
introduction of purebred animals for
breeding stock, the organization of
livestock clubs and holding of live
stock meetings.
Cream Routes Established
Cream routes have been establish
ed during the past year for collecting
and marketing surplus cream of farm
ers. The cream is shipped to tile Col
lege creamery and there made into
butter.
Purebred dairy sires have been in
troduced, advice has been given as
to feeding, silos have been buili and
home-making of butter and the care
of milk has been emphasized. Two
specialists in dairying are constantly
at work among the farmers.
Extensive Publication Work Done
Besides bulletins, circulars and pos
ters, the Editor of the College pro
vides 150 weekly papers of the state,
a column of free plate each week for
a greater part of the year. This plate
carries important agricultural infor
mation and reaches a large part of
the farmers of the state. A news
and information service with daily
papers is also carried on. A circula
tion of 500,000 a week is obtained for
items in newspapers.
Aid In Horticulture
Extension work is done with orch
ards in planting, pruning, spraying,
packing and marketing; in trucking
and home garden work; with canning
clubs and with civic clubs in land
scape gardening. Two specialists are
constantly in the field.
Aid In Building And Drainage
The Department of Agricultural En
gineering of the College of Agricul
ture is under heavy demand from
farmers of the state for plans for all
sorts of farm buildings, for silos, water
works, septic tanks, lighting plants,
dipping vats, cold storage plants, hy
draulic rams, grain elevators, smoke
houses, etc. One specialist is con
stantly in the field aiding farmers in
this line of work.
County Agents Work With Crops
34,634 acres corn, 30 bushels per;
acre; 9,500 acres of cotton, 1,316
pounds of seed cotton per acre; 500
acres in tobacco, 257 pounds per acre;
6,512 acres in wheat, 16 bushels per
acre; 7,683 acres in oats, 34 bushels!
per acre; 1,061 acres of alfalfa, 4.8 j
tons per acre; 585 acres sown to crim-1
son clover, bur clover and vetch; i
7,341 acres in cowpeas; 3,994 acres to
velvet beans; 871 acres in soy beans; j
3,381 acres in peanuts; 1,929 acres to j
potatoes; 20,344 orchard trees cared
for.
Purebred Livestock Introduced By
Agents. —Brood mares 240, stallions
52, jacks 242, beef cattle 489, hogs 1,-
550, sheep 412.
Treatment of Livestock Diseases
and Pests. —Treated for blackleg 3,-
240, tuberculine tests 4,692, cattle
treated for ticks 48,900, for lice 11,-
745, hogs treated for cholera 53,500, for
lice 30,112, for worms 16,032; horses
treated for distemper S 4, for digestive
ailments 200, for accidents 200.
Treatment Plant Diseases And In
sects.—For smut and rust of wheat
6,376 bushels; oats 10.36 S bushels; for
insects effecting tobacco 166 acres;
oats 312 acres; potatoes 183 acres;
orchards 424.
Inoculation of Legumes.—For alfal
fa 1,061 acres; for crimson clover, bur
clover and vetch 7,145 acres; lespe
deza 41 acres; cowpeas 785 acres; vel
vet beans 757 acres.
Feeding Demonstration. —Dairy cat
tle 3,902, beef catle 1,250, swine 38,-
605.
Silos. —Silos built by demonstration
farmers 222.
Lime.—s,ls6 acres were treated
with 7,584 tons of lime.
Fertilizer. —Farmers advised regard
ing use of fertilizer 11,800; demonstra
tions with fertilizers 600; tons of
home-made manure used under agents’
advice 60,000.
Farmers’ Organizations.—Number of
farmers’ clubs formed 108, member
ship 2,092.
Improvements on Farms. —Building
plans furnished 320, improvements on
buildings 1,696, water works installed
152, lighting plants installed 191.
homes screened 928, fly traps installed
1,254, telephone systems put in 24,
drainage laid out 2SO farms, acreage
drained 9,630, stumps removed from
'17,905 acres; acres terraced 31,600;
home gardens started 5,720; farmers
induced to rotate crops 1.264.
Visitations. —Total visits made by
county agents to co-operating farmers
■18,440; to other farmers and business
men 30,120; miles traveled 233,719;
calls made upon agents at their offices
47,1 SS.
THE DOUGI.AS ENTERPRISE. DOUGLAS, GEORGIA, DEC. 2 1916.
Plant a Patch Of * 1
Alfalfa This Fall
Should Be Preceded By Cowpeas And
Lime
ANDREW M. SOULE, President Geor.
gia State College Of Agriculture
One desiring to sow aifalfa in fall
should undertake to prepare the land
ias soon as possible. We prefer the
cowpeas as an improvement crop to
; use on land intended for alfalfa be
| cause it will mature in sufficient time
I to be turned under to good advantage.
Tliis should be done when the peas
are in good condition to make into
hay. It would be ' good practice to
put at least two tons of crushed raw
rock on the land before sowing the
legumes. If this has not been done
it is suggested that as soon as the
cowpeas are turned under that at least
two tons of lime be applied and har
rowed well into the soil. The land
should he worked as a fallow from the
time the peas are turned under until
September 15 or October 1. If there
is a good season in the soil at that
time, sow the aifalfa, using about
twenty pounds of recleaned western
grown seed per acre, and inoculate it
very carefully. Sow on a cloudy day,
as strong sunlight will often kill the
bacteria of the inoculating material.
We would fertilize the land with two
sacks of cotton seed meal and 400 to
600 pounds of acid phosphate. These
ingredients should be mixed together
and pat on the soil before the seed
ing is done. Harrow the fertilizer into
the soil. Some potash could be used
with excellent advantage under alfal
fa, but it is now r impossible to secure
it by reason of the European war.
Therefore, one must take the best
of the existing situation and use such
fertilizing material as is available. The
alfalfa should not be grazed or cut
during the fall.
Peach Tree Borer-
Fall Time To Fight It
J. W. FIROR, Field Agt. Horticulture,
Georgia State College Of Agri.
The peach tree borer lives most
of its life as a worm embedded beneath
the bark of the tree, usually just be
low the surface of the soil. Here it
starts as a very small worm, eating
I away tile l.t i ii. • \g tu. a
er and larger until it undergoes a
change into a pupa and then a moth,
which lays eggs for more worms to
carry on their destructive work on
the peach trees. The moths lay the
eggs on the trunk and branches of
the trees during the summer, —most
of the eggs being laid during July,
August and September. The eggs
hatch in from 10 to 15 days and en
ter the tree. By frost all the eggs
have hatched that will hatch. At
frost time the worms are small, and
all that w’ill enter until another sum
mer, have bored into the trees. This
is the best time to fight them.
Draw the soil away from the trunk
of the tree to a depth of four inches
or until the roots are exposed. Search
for the entering holes. With a sharp
knife follow these holes until the
worms are found, and then kill them.
The borer holes can be found by ob
serving the presence of a thick sap—
gummylike in appearance. This sap
has come from the tree because of the
borer’s injury. There may be a num
ber of bordrs in a single tree. The
worker should get them all before
leaving the tree. A small white worm
is often found in the sap. This is not
the peach tree borer and it does no
damage to the tree, but lives on the
sap.
Peach tree borers do a great deal
of damage and many people have lost
heart in the growing of fruits because
of them. The (luestion may be asked,
“Why let such a little, thing as a
peach tree borer get the best of one?”
Don’t Pull Fodder
PAUL TABOR, Field Agent Agronomy,
Georgia State College Of Agr.
Pulling fodder is like pulling grass
for hay. A good feed is secured but
at a tremendous cost of labor. Also
the yield of grain is decreased by the
removal of the leaves before thqy have
finished their task of filling the ears.
The increased yield of grain where
the leaves are allowed to mature is
usually more than enough to pay for
the fodder. Hundreds of Georgia
farmers have learned this and are
now substituting cow’pea hay for the
costly fodder and many more will do
so if they will give it a fair trial
this year. Comparisons can be made
by stripping some row’s of their leaves
and leaving others alone, and at har
vest time noting the condition of the
grains on the ears. Seed planted from
fodder stripped plants show up poorly
so that the loss is not confined to
one season.
Get Machinery Under Cover
L. C. HART, Professor of Agr. Engi
neering, Ga. State Col. Of Agr.
Do not leave farm machinery out
in the field where it has been used,
but take it at once into the barn
or machine shed. Clean up the im
plement, oil the bright surfaces, clean
out the oil holes and then plug them
with wood or cotton waste to Keep
out the dust. It pays to take good
care of farm machinery. Farm ma
chinery pays best when treated best.
A GEORGIA FARM THAT WON
SUCCESS BY DIVERSIFYING
ANDREW M. SOULE, President, Ga. State College Of Agriculture.
Given a typical Piedmont farm,
with its characteristic red clay soil,
operating primarily as a cotton plan
tation, what can be done with it? In
other words, can this farm be chang
ed over to a diversified proposition
with profit and success? Many a
land owner is confronted by just such
a situation, and hence the topic is
of general interest. That an under
taking of this character can be suc
cessfully accomplished has been clear
ly demonstrated at the College farm
at Athens. It has been the policy
to reclaim a new area of land each
year. Unsatisfactory crops are raised
on much of this land the first year
or two after an attempt to reclaim
it because of its eroded condition and
its bad physical state. An increase
in the herds of live stock, thereby en
abling larger amounts of yard manure
to be made available each year and
its return to the soil, has resulted in
improving the land and increasing its
crop-yielding powers. Three hundred
and fifty acres of land are now under
the plow.
The farm had been abused for years.
It was without satisfactory buildings
or a suitable equipment of implements
or live stock. It was determined at
once to organize it on the basis of a
stock farm, but without overlooking or
neglecting the possibilities of cultivat
ing cotton and the varied crops adapt
ed to the soil and climatic conditions
of the Piedmont area. Of necessity the
equipment could only be slowly pur
chased and assembled. The first un
dertaking was to organize a small dairy
herd and offer milk for sale. The re
ceipts from the herd the first year
amounted to $1,124,44, and the sales
of live stock to $72.29. The value of
the cotton and the cotton seed was
$469.72, making a total turnover of the
farm $1,799.37. This happened in the
college year 1907-190 S. Nine years la
ter the sales from the dairy herd
amounted to $6,700.41, showing a
steady and uniform increase through
out the period in question. The sales
of live stock increased from $72.29 to
$3,056.02, showing an even greater in
crease. The sales from cotton and
cotton seed have varied somewhat ac
cording to the season and the price
of the staple. The first year the crop
brought $469.62, and in other years
it has sold for as much as $1,831.83.
The total receipts have varied from
The Range Eternal
EVERLASTINGLY GOOD
“Yes, there is a life time of perfect kitchen service in
the Range Eternal. It is a delight in our home—and the
large warming closet is such a convenience,” so say the
women who have wisely chosen the Range Eternal.
The Range Eternal
is marketed by men who have devoted their lives to mak
ing it the best range —the most complete range—the most
convenient, delightful range any woman could want.
There’s two generations of experience in every Range Eternal.
Thirty-two points of Eternal Excellence offer you kitchen service that
is one continual delight. Every move you make in cooking or bak
ing or tending the range is made easier and more pleasant by one of
these points. This range can also be furnished with leg base.
Flues Lined With Eternametal
an exclusive—wear-proof, rust-proof, corrosion-proof—metal
—the strongest ever used in any range. Makes the Range
\ Eternal wear longer—serve longer—serve better. Come in
and see the Range Eternal. Let us explain all of its 32 vita]
points, before you decide upon any range.
Douglas Hardware Go.
\ Phone 128
$1,799.37 the first year to $11,002.69
in 1915-1916. The total receipts from
the dairy herd in nine years have
amounted to $43,768.21, from the sales
of live stock to $13,377.95, and from the
sales of cotton and cotton seed $lO,-
819.68, making a total of $69,572.99 for
the nine-year period.
No profit was made from the farm
for the first three years because of the
lack of equipment and the impover
ished condition of the soil, but since
1910-1911 the receipts from the farm
show a net return of nearly $18,000.00
over the actual outlay. This must be
regarded as a satisfactory demonstra
tion of the possibilities of building up
worn-out plantation lands through the
institution of a diversified farm prac
tice in which live stock husbandry is
strongly emphasized. Remember, that
it was necessary to start in and re
claim practically all the land now un
der the plow, a considerable part of
which had been thrown out for a
number of years and it was, therefore,
badly washed and eroded.
A great variety of crops have been
raised successfully. Cereals are grown
each year and a crop of 2,000 to 3,000
bushels of oats obtained. Corn is rais
ed in considerable quantity, the stover
being used for roughage. Cotvpeas
and sorghum, oats and vetch, oats,
rye and crimson clover, Sudan grass
and other forage crops have been
grown on considerable areas and cut
and cured as hay. Kaffir corn and
sorghum have been grown together
and used primarily for the produc
tion of silage, several hundred tons
of which is made each year. Cow
peas have been used as soil builders
and turned under whenever practice
ble. A considerable area of land has
been devoted to alfalfa which has
been cut from four to five times a
year.
A rotation of crops has been estab
lished. Oats have been planted after
cotton and corn and followed, as a
rule, by cowpeas sown alone or in
combination with some forage crop to
be made into hay or turned under for
soil improvement. Cotton and corn
have been grown after cowpeas. A
three-year rotation, including the four
crops, has been the object kept, in
view. It is conservatively stated that
the lands now under cultivation are
worth S2O an acre more for agricultu
ral purposes than when the work of
improvement was first undertaken.
Help
Nature Do It
r , -n
Don’t you see how she is
working to get rid of your colds
and catarrh? The effort con
tinues all the time, but in hot
weather you catch a fresh cold
every day or so, add to the
catarrh in your system, and
soon it is chronic—systemic.
Your digestion suffers, you
have trouble with stomach and
bowels. Get at the real disease.
Clear up catarrh, and the other
troubles will disappear.
Aid With Peruna
com
citions. Build up your resistance
mand at the same time
treat the catarrh.
Supply nature with
more vigor, give your
k°dy a chance to get
well, and summer will
not, annoy you . The
healthy- man defies
ythe weather.
Peruna has helped
make countless thou
sands well in the last
44 years.
Use It yourself.
Tablet form is very
fZ&Jy) convenient for regu-
C-STCSr lar administration.
THE PERUNA CO.
COLUMBUS, OHIO
Next Saturday, December 2nd,
is election day for Justice of the
Peace. Uncle Jim Freeman
needs your vote. Don't forget
him, please.
Light yellow shepherd dog with lit
tle white in breast. Return to W. D.
Demery, Nicholls, Ga.
Make our store your headquarters.
Wilson Jewelry Co.
Next Saturday, December 2nd.
is election day for Justice of the
Peace. Uncle Jim Freeman
needs your vote. Don’t forget
him, please.
I OR SALE.—Twin IndianMotoreyele.
Good Condition. Price SBO. Also
Fox Typewriter. Price $25. Ad
dress P. O. Box 15, Patterson, Ga.
Next Saturday, December 2nd,
is election day for Justice of the
Peace. I ncle Jim Freeman
needs your vote. Don’t forget
him, please.