Newspaper Page Text
THE PEOPLE'S ADVOCATE,
CRAWFORDVILLE, OA.
A syndicate of Milwaukee bachelor*
who undertook co-operative liousckecp
ing has failed, One of the four men is
to be- married, and the o‘ •' is do not c ire
to keep up their establishment, which
cost* $500 a month.
It i« said that if the United States
were supplied with ministers in the same
proportion that the heathen world is
with missionaries, there would be alto¬
gether about two hundred and seventy
five, about two-thirds as many as there
arc now in Boston alort*-.
Paris advices report that the apprecia¬
tion of horseflesh has so developed at.
that center of culinary civilization that
she now maintains 150 butchers who
deal in that kind of meat alone, and
that 20,000 equine car* asses were de¬
voured last year. It appears that these
are not for the most part oaten by the
very poor. The use of horseflesh in
England has grown but slowly during
the thirty years since its introduction.
In Belgium it has made more progress.
There Hre at present 1850 cities and
towns in the United Slatescquipjicd with
electric lights. It is interesting to note
that Pennsylvania takes the lead with
150 towns, New Jersey and Illinois fol¬
lowing with 147 and 133 respectively,
and that in the first State there arc no
less than thirty-two new lighting cor¬
porations which have uoi yet commenced
business. There are over 500 railways
operated by electricity in the country,
and 200 more incorporated holding
franchises allowing the use of electric
power. ___________
Deserted towns are supposed generally
to bo relics of tho mining craze in far
Western States and remote from centres
of population. But, strange to say, there
is such a towu within ton miles of Den
ver. It contains largo and once hand¬
some brick buildings, rows of moulder
iug dwellings, and hundreds of scattered
frame hilts. It is tho collapsed boom
towu of Sullivan, started by the promo¬
ters of the great scheme of the old Den
ver Water Company to dam tho subter¬
ranean flow of Cherry Creek and pump
it into an enormous reservoir for the use
of tho people of Denver. The work was
m engineering fiilure, find a (la jncL|l.
one, a* nlscj L’.i 'teru boullliolders found
ont. While the boom lasted thousands
of men were employed, buildings sprang
up like mushrooms, prices of corner lots
aoarud, and there was eveu a bitter post
office fight. A year and a half ago opera¬
tions stopped, there was an exodus of
speculators, tradesmen and laborers, the
postoflicc was shut up, and Sullivan's
greatness was a thing of the pant.
Among the acres of building materials,
sandstone, trusses, pipes, boiler stacks
and plates, etc., abandoned when tho
crash came, the coyote sometimes picks
lii» way now, and lie is the only guest at
the mammoth hotel that was once the
sight of the place.
A tdrauge and grostesque figure disap¬
pear* from the upper ranks of tho British
nobility with the death of the Duke of
Bedford, fiueeiwulitig to tho dukedom
on the suicide of hi* father only two
years ago he lias, aecor ling to the New
Wk Sun, exhibited «« an mtensi.ud
form the Russell family traits. He was
practically a recluse aud never had any
intimate associates. Though enormously
rich he was a miser. Scores of acres of
the , most valuable , ,, pfoperty t m the heart a .
of London belong to hi* estate. Hi* pj'.
sion for saving manifested itself when a
boy at school and it remained with him
till the day of . i his • death. i Never v a day i,..
passed without his saving something aud ,
reckoning how much he had saved.
After his succession to the dukedom aud
vast property accompauying it the pas¬
sion increased, llisone absorbing thought
was to pile up further hoards, to find
new possit’iiities of rctrenchoMent, to
form ways of increasing the unnoeded
surplus, aud every penny he continued
to invest by the best advice procurable in
the soundest securities. Dunn * the last
few . years Lit*. he had become physically , a!- ,
most a monstrosity. He was welt pro
portioned aud active as a youug man.
but indulgence of a mas: gluttonou
appetite soou made him corpulent. The
corpulence that , le , exercise
very tua more
Lecessarr prevented exercise at ah. Of
iate year* hw habits have been moat se¬
dentary. For day* together he would
sot go outside his house. IIis appetite
was huge, grot*, enormous. Gargantuan
Ueate, at an eminent man who knew
him better perhaps tua any other de
scribed it. like a wclf. He was reputed
to be the largest and heaviest feeler m
England. Those who had mm hitt> eat
mg *ay it was a sight never to 1st for
gotten. Heart 4 imw*<- of long »tat. itez
was the namediate cause of Heath, bu:
L» reaiiy 4*ad of ffisttoay.
PE 0P LES ’ PARTY
Correal Comment Concerning toe Great
Crusade Against Oppression.
Nun niilii**n m* rtgaged homes
ought to fnrni. ii niir-million v*.t* - for
an increase of th* eurr* ney, issued
and controlh *1 l>y the go\- rum* nt, and
the nine million vote- h lid eoBie
without th* pr*>iiiis* **f pi* says 77. *
,
Com in;/ Crime.
Tin- basic principle **f ti ahul** re¬
form movement i that • •.* ry p* rson
ban n natural right to eomtort and
happiiie- That being true, whatever
iut**rfer< with that right i- an evil,
and it is hiii'li evils that w* ar* - ligtit
mg. Fvehange
The fight Wall street making
against Secretary Cnrlitdi is a fight
against th* people of the 1 nited
Stall's. If th* gold gamblers win this
time thermit* t will be transferred to
th* ballot box, and not a gold bug
congressman will In olios* n w* ■ t of th<«
Apalarbiim range, Wall tr* i t g*dd
gamblers have controlled the finances
of the United States nltogetlu r too
Jong. Atchison Champion, April 21.
In hii article defining tin* iflici *>f
fusion, tile iXtlfioiitl/ .S'l>r rfi(/or says:
I'olitieal parties stand for*onnthing
or nothing. I’olitieal platforms are
either right or wrong, Voters either
believe iii a platform or tin y do not.
Tiler** is but one logieal course for a
vot* r who bidieves in a principle, and
that is <** vote for candidates who be¬
lieve in that principle, \ b. li. f in a
prineipl* and vote for a candidate who
believes III all opposite principle places
a voter in a ridiculously inconsistent
position. Men who profei tu b.* re
formers should keep witlun reform
lines. Reform parties arc not insti¬
tuted for th* purpose of furnishing po
sitioiis f**r ambitious office seekers.
Oilier i> Iiiit mi incident **f party *tio
<•!■* N. T»o things are wrong for a pro¬
fessed reformer. First, voting for the
eandidatesof a party opposed tore
form ideas. Second, to compromise
on principle for the sake of opposition
voters.
Tift: OHIOlN OF Rl.CII’KoelTV,
< >11 tile I6tll of December, 1708,
Thoiumt Jefferson, while Secretary of
State, submitted a report to tile House
of Representatives beginning os fol¬
lows :
The Secretary of State, to whom
was referred by the llouiwi of Repre¬
sentatives the report of a committee ojl
the written message of tlu< President
of the United States of the I4tli of
February, 1781, with instructions to
report to congress the nature and ex¬
tent of tho privileges and restrictions
of the coiu/nqrcu*.an 1^*•*»;»«>*’ of fiiUt
TniteilTitates witirforeign nations, and
the measures which In* should think
proper to bo adopted for tho improve¬
ment of the commerce ami navigation
of the same, lias had the same under
consideration and thereupon makes tho
follow ing report:
in the report which was a wry elab¬
orate one, and published ill the Amer¬
ican state papers, is the following '.
Snell being the restrictions on tho
commerce Hud navigation of the United
States, the question is in what way
ihey may be best removed, modified
«>r eouiib raeted. As to the coimnerco
two method* occur; lir*t, bv friendly
arrangement* with the several nations
with whom these restrictions < \i t, or,
second, bv the separate net of our own
legislature for countervailing their ef¬
fects. There i*ll!l be no doubt lull
that, of these two, fricmltv arrange¬
ment is the most eligible Instead of
eiiitmrrsssing commerce under pile* of
regulating laws, duties, and prohibi
tion*. could it t>e relieved from «H Its
shackle* in all partsof the world,could
every country l»e employed in produe
>*'g tlint which nature has best fitted it
, . , .
, lnntllK i „urplus.'.
f| , r WBI ,t s greatest lints*
possible would then be produced by
these thing* which contribute to Ull¬
man life and human happiness, the
ntiitiiHTti of nmiikiiiil wotiul i»«* m
<>r ^ Hn> j t , u>ir ,.,„ u |j,i,.„ bettered,
Would even a single nation begin with
the United State* this system of free
eomtnerco, it would be advisable to lio
i ein J- it with that nation, since it is one
b\ «>tie oul\ ...... that it can , , be extended . . , , t*> ,
. H j, Wh. re' the eireumstHncs of either
p tt rtv render it expedient to levy a
r* \enue, by "ay of in;p*‘-t or o**ui
m« tee, its freedom might l*e modified
j ui that particular by mutual aud equiv¬
alent measures, preserving it entire in
all others.
In brief, reciprocity is as old a* the
; 1>« uiocrattc party, aud e>ngituttcd with
, it* founders.
“"HAT IS MONEY?”
1 “What is nionev?” M.m* v i* what
^ ^ „ 1( ^, tf Ulbt f ,. r pHlw
, u . }l| ., vit ,. .foW*. h *, * and .U
j maud*. It!* merely a r<pre~* 'tativo
; **f vulrn* and n im dnuu * f 1 xcliatigc.
Not a d* ..ar »** c *i.'*r . r 1«V»1
j ' t.nilir l nited Mat.* r. t* < .»•. la- •
fully K paid out of the tr.ie-nry i
tbe Cnib’d St..t » until th. r.e. 5
its* iuv. st.xl ItW i* nt* iu »aeh d>*Ii R
, < ,*f them U. ngr. *s can 'in F
! hut the .in* ar. n«*t tn- •3
_ are ! *. cal t. ii*l« r Ih tmt —
* that the command.
t ’ «av, g> «•*
lord! I.< t th. coma madt legal
| t« ads r*. «!t,l the* thenl*j lac.into
;
: Uti.h r the fr.. an i anlttu T 4 c.
*g* of 1 ) . !».». ar tr
» ! tl Unit. 4 Mat I
« j r. x
1 takatl. I L
• r I t ■*b‘ -t
* thm Mi
*%m* U
i»i|| *1
equal to gold and silver as money at
home, ah i will command a premium
*,v*r gold abroad equal to half the
rat* of exchange. All legal fonder*
nr** l'ii-* *i *<n the < -utire wealth of the
I nit* *! Stilt* and on it* taxing pow
< r The power of mini* v ia in the law
that makes it a legal tender. All full
legal tenders are equal to each other,
whether composed of coin or paper.
Tin y redeem themselves by use.
371 1-1 grains of pure silver are eoin
* d into dollar*- to an unlimited amount
1 SO grains, or an ounce of pure silver
will fa worth 129 1-4 cents an ounce
not only in the l nited States,
throughout the commercial world.
1 he fre** and unlimited coinage of
liver and gold at the ratio of nearly
I«; to I overvalue gold, rind keeps it in
the country. At this ratio it can lie
exported only at a great loss to the
• ’.porter, unless the purchaser of it
abroad pai s n premium on it. If your
correspondent wishes to know whatthe
market price of gold would be in the
United St it.-H if Congress were to de¬
monetize it, let him get congress to
try tin experiment. Under the free
aid unlimited coinage of silv. r equally
with gold, at a ratio of 10 to 1, nearly,
the silver and gold dollars would be on
a pur with each other at home, but the
silver dollar would command unlimited a premi¬
um abroad. The free and
coinage of gold and silver from
to lh?3 worked well, an* l will do so
again. The object <*f demonetizing
silver was to contract the volume of
the metallic money one-half, in order
to enhance the purchasing power of
the dollar bv the falling off in the
maud f**r marketable products, vvhfeh
decreased their price. This increased
purchasing power of the dollar, or the
• I* i-r* a-* *1 inin k* t price of eotmuodi
ties ,n market, increased the difli
euHy of , paying debts , ,, contracted . . , i be
It of the creditor ... class ,
m n war upon
the debtors, who are generally wealth
producers. It is the tight of the con
trui'timiibts against the expansionists.
The former affect a holy horror of the'
inflation of money, mcaniug thereby
an expansion of money, hut are
ly silent as to tho enormous injury
produced by the expansion or inflation
of the forced credit system of doing
business caused by an inadequate oireulatioil
...... Ot full legal tenders in con.-!
wliKeh , causes money - panics 1 and
inerciul crashes, to the ruin periodical
ly of our best business men. N’olmuj
currency is ueceessarv, or should ev«
be tolerated. No coin money slioul
ever be locked up iu lmuk vaults
give credit and currency to bank notes
promising redemption on demand
law ful money. They are the
of debts due by the issuers of them
the public, on which the latter pays*
interest. It is a compound swindle,|
totally unnecessary, and cannot
Ik* tolerated in tho United States.
pcricnec is the best teacher*'!
$10,000,000 United states no' *4
equal legal-lenders wi'b *ra, u.
17, lx,;,*, bore an equal
with gold from March 17 , 1872, un¬ f
til they were destroyed,— IVanhingtun
1'ont.
THE world’s MOSEY SUPPLY.
Some interesting statistics prepared
by the Director of the Mint regarding
the stock of money in the aggregate
uud per capita of population in tho
principal countries of the world arc
published ill the lust quarterly report
of the Chief of the Bureau of Statis¬
tics of the Treasury Department. The
United rotates, with an estimated pop¬
ulation of d5,lNk),tlt»t), is credited with
a stock of gold estimated at j?r>87,000,
Oth», a total stiK*k of silver amounting
to 5jf*5t>,000,t>00, of which $1X0,000,000
is full legal tender and $7fl,000,l>ta>
limited tender, and uncovered paper
amounting to $422,380,000. The Uni¬
ted Kingdom, with an estimated popu¬
lation of 38,1(00,000, is credited with
a stock of gold amounting to $550,
000,000, a stock of silver of limited
tender quality valued at $100,000,000,
nn<l uncovered paper amounting t*>
$30,540,000. France, with a popula¬
tion of 38,000,000* has a stock of gold
amounting to $800,000,000, a stock of
silver amounting to $700,000,000, of
which $050,000,000 is full legal-tender,
nn*l uncovered paper valued at $81,-
402,000. Germany, with a population
of 49,500,000, has » stock of gold
valued at $500,000,000, a stock of
silver valued at $205,000,000. of which
$103,000,000 is full legal-tender and
$102,000,000 limited tender, and
uncovered paper amounting to $107.
000.000.
Of the four countries named France
has the largest total per Capita stock
of all. the largest per capita silver
stook I.ml th.' largest p. r capita gold
stock Th, statement* are true regard
mg Frame, sis,, when compared with
any ot o r »o i..ry m . r “ ' *' ''
th, 'ingle . xceptiouof Australia.which
hti> a iar^t r |h.t capita >U»ck of gol*;
I'hc fignr«' *bo»iug different the per capita
stocks of thi the kinds of
money for the four countries men
tinned are given uj the following
tuble ;
sj< vrs rtrr.K torn
I nit.xi *<»;.» ST 5 s V' *0 1 »ivJ
l'ii■;.•»! Kinaiiom !tt' 2.<B iT.se
France IS FT IT " *».n
tit If 10 4.14 ;.t» k-.h*
The figures given in tins table fnr
ther show that of the four ceuntri*«
: nn ntn.md the Unit.sl States stai. is
\t t.* France a* regards the total p* r
capita stock of money, though falling
■ ru this r* spjvt bolow Btigium. the
; Netherlands, Vustrnitaaml t’ul*a. H»j
ti. .Ur, which .r. not inelmled in Ilk*
table A - r* card* ths» p-r capita st«H*k
of g.*]d. the Uiutesi Kingdom e»*m«*
next t*> Franc.. faiiir.g iwlow that wai
trv and An-traiia onlv ui the entile
*» tr tu it I worn* * ti* it
t** th. Unste.1 ?*t «t«• a* r« gar.i» th. t«*
tat 4 M par capita la
•at 44 f*r ewpitr - the
lit > to •• 11*< tn- f iUi
, oaatri.
V
% a f m low An*
umltA, i «n i B .•»•««. which »!«■
not jjr.clndc't ;n the table. As regards
the p T capita stock of silver France,
as ah eady meutioned, leads all the other
countrie s, n<*t only ©f the group included
in the table, lint also those not included
therein. The United States fallows
T rance, though at a long interval. Its
far capita stock of silver likewise
talk below that of Belgium and that of
Netherlands. included Of the four countries
in the table Germany occu
»i<* the* third place as regards j>er
apita silver stocks, though falling be
iw Belgium, Switzerland, Spain and
lo.cic*>, which are not included in the
a j^ t ._ The United States leads the
.other three countries included in the
tab|g as regards the per capita stock of
paper, though falling in this respect
>*,]„* Belgium, the Netherlands,
South America, Canada and Cuba,
Hayti, etc. Germany occupies tbo
second place among the four countries
selected, though its per capita stock
of paper is below that of many other
of the world not included in
the tuble. The United Kingdom fin¬
ally occupies the lowest place among
four as regards per capita paper
stocks, and the low-et in the whole
list of countries with the exceptions of
Mexico, Central America and India
among those which use paper.— Brad
streets.
CUSTER AND IIIS MEN.
The Greater the Danger the Further
He Was to the Front.
“Poor Custer!” said op.e of his men.
Sj * followed him through a great part of
the war I of followed the rebellion him afterward as a private in vari¬ soj
dier.
ous capacities during his warfare on tiie
frontier. Yes, aid to day if I should see
^ ° ene [ al ™\ n * c h " Kc,,twk -* thor
oughbred, ^ l l ^ seated as no man ever sat f
^ I catch the
gliat of the suu on the mighty sweep of
sabre of his, and see the yellow hair
flyiug strait as he d.inhcd along, I could
leftist the temptation to seize a isiket
or a hatchet or an a\e handle, jump
astride that old mure of mine and follow
him for better or for worse,
“ And no soldier of Custer’s ever did
more than follow him. lie wus a lcadei
of his men—not a driver—n eavalin
general, who asked no man to go where
darn not take the lead —and as tun
danger became greater Custer was sure
to be -ust so much further in front ofh.s
column, tacticians have censured luiu
for that, and perhaps he would have
been with us to-day had he abandoned it.
Hut ho was a dashing soldbr, and would
rather charge upon an enemy outuuni
paring him twenty to one than seek
vantage ground or lay siege. He believed
jt to Iks his business to fight, and lie let
opportunities go by, provided lie
thought the enemy worth his mettle,
“Custer had the most unbounded faith
in the rank and file of his regiment, but
he never reposed the least confidence iu
his subordinate officers. He gave his
personal attcnUon to the mifmte.-t detail*
®* command, w that every trouper
-hiX-AlliL allowance of rat..ms and
b, tb,
wants of their horses. lie would never
take the word of captain or lieutenant
on such matters. For that reason the
subordinate commissioned officers hated
him just as heartily as the men loved
him. He insisted always on being abso¬
lute in his command.
“But how the boys loved that man!
Their devotion was fittingly demonstra¬
ted in an incident in the General’s last
battle ou the Little Big Horn. The 200
troopers of the Seventh Cavalry knew
they were hopelessly outnumbered by an
enemy better armed than themselves.
Eight cavalrymen broke through the In¬
dian lines and gained ,i neighboring bluff.
They were practically out of Seventh danger, for
the fine bones which the were
then equipped with could laugh at th*
best Indian ponies. But they halted their <>n
the bluff, aud. looking back, saw
leader hemmed in on all sides by the sav¬
age enemy. them said. ‘Boys, do
“One of we can't
this!’ and alighting, he placed his car¬
bine against his horse’s head anil shot
him dead. Then he quietly released his
revolvers from the saddle, and, thrusting
them into his belt, started down the
slope. The remaining seven followed
suit, aud the little hand was annihilated
in an attempt to* gain their leader’s side
on foot. All but one were killed, and he,
l>eing a half-breed, the second son of
Theophile Brugier of thi.* county by his
first wife, the daughter of Wm Eagle,
escaped slaughter, the infuriated Sioux
paying no attention to any but palefaces. he told
Brugier aud I were friends, and
me the iueideut the second day after the
fight.”
Chasckllor McGill, juAf« m G*
prerogative court of New Jersey, has
filled au opinion revoking a probate he
bad previously granted Gordon, on the a pretended mil
will of George F. late
lionairo printing press manufacturer of
Rahway. Thc judge'. decision in effect
deel.vres the will a forgery, and the sen
sattonal feature of the evidence upon
which the decision is baaed was the dis
coy-rv in ^ rcJ ink u>cJ . in wiwt . was
asserted to bo the oriifioai draft of thi
ma de in 1808, a chemical not in
vented until 1874. and not imported to
country until after that. Thechem
ical is cosine. It is commonly used now
iu the manufacture of red ink. and is the
substance which gives red ink its bronze
coat, which is noticeable where the ink
has been used in writing, but is more
noticeable on the edge of inkstands and
on pens and rulers. A wiii off* red for
prooate soon after the death cf Gordon
was cot probated, owing to the discovery
that the witnesses had uot signed it in
each beneficiaries, others' presence. however, under The that principal will,
the widow and daughter cf Gordon,
agreed to a division of the estate, which
vis satisfset >ry to the other heirs at !a«.
and the matter apparently w a* settled.
But a retired lawyer named Henry U.
Adams, tame forward with a will which
h«* »a:*i he had draws for Gordon in
1800 It wa* a long doc uan nt with in
terliacati >u* ir. r.d Ink. It i*ootaiae*i -
prv'ui a '• the Adam* f»rm wa* tube j
purchased fer |e.’ \> Exiart* u
aE:;a**d th *••• asd f und t..r nd ink
to La»t contain**! < .*.r»r, wh.ih "•»* n t
discovered till U.4 us th-. tc; m *f
prwtar** wa* r*'
ssr-g a rrr * rprs ttesfe^ -^1^1 T
jSdClfl MW. A -
I, /f
''i.
AN OLD MOSS-COVERED PASTURE.
This is advice given in the Farm
Journal to tho3e who want to renew an
oid moss-covered pasture without plow¬
ing*
Harrow well when the frost is coming
out, broadcast fine composted manure
and reseed. If no suitable manure is
available broadcast three or four hun¬
dred pounds per acre of fertilizer. Raw
bone meal. 300 pounds, and muriate of
potash, 100 pounds, will make a good
dressing for an acre.
FLAX-SEED ME.AL FOR SHEEP AND CATTLE
Sheep and cattle feeding ou rutabagas
need a grain food in addition. D.
Voelcher reports that the feeding experi¬
ments on the Royal Society’s experiment
farm, at Woburn, England, show that
flaxseed meal is a more profitable feed
for root-fed sheep than barley alone, or
in part. Of twelve Hereford steers, fed
all the rutabagas and clover hay they
would eat, six were fed a mixture of
equal parts of peas, beans and barley,
and the other six received from six to
twelve pounds of flaxseed meal. The
former made as great a gain as the latter
at a cost of $1.57 per liead les3. The
experiments show that feeding with flax¬
seed meal may be profitably replaced
by a mixture of peas, beaus and
small grains, whenever the price of the
flaxseed meal is above $2.35 per hun¬
dred pounds. The steers were fed in
warm stables, and the sheep ate both
roots and grain in the opeu field.—
American Agriculturist.
CUTTING SEED I’OTATOES.
There have been hundreds of experi¬
ments made in regard to cutting potatoes
for seed in the various ways suggested.
The result has been quite negative and
nothing has been discovered that tends
to discredit the common methods that
have prevailed among intelligent farm¬
ers for many yean. The use of cuttings
having two or three eyes, and two or
three of these in a hill (when the crop
is grown in this way), and three feet
apart, or one cutting twelve or fourteen
inches away from the next when the
crop is plautcd in drills, has been found
the best iu every wuy, both as to cost of
seed or yield of tho crop. Small pota¬
toes have generally produced as good a
yield as large ones when they have been
well ripened and have been cut in the
same way as the large ones. This fact is
most interesting, as the cost of the seed
is reduced to the lowest point, and is
next to nothing when unsalable potatoes
can be used as-well as the largest ones.
New- York-Time*. K-
4
NEW POINTS IN SPRAYING.
“Spraying must soon exert a power¬
ful influence upon methods of cultiva¬
tion,” writes L. H. Bailey in American
Gardening. “It establishes $ new rea¬
son for pruning. The old, thick ne¬
glected orchards—these cannot be
sprayed to advantage; too much time
and material arc consumed, and the
spray cannot reach ail parts of the top.
And it is doubtful if it pays to spray for
the inferior fruit which such trees must
produce. The first requisite to spraying
is pruning. Labor is cheap when prun¬
ing is done; it is expensive when spray¬
ing is dote. Prune in February and
March; spray in May, June and July.
Spraying, too, must drive corn aud
other tall crops from the orchard. And
it will emphasize the importance of level
culture.
“Two important facts have been em¬
phasized by the experiments of the last
year—that for most fungous diseases the
spray should be applied before the flow¬
ers appear, and that it pays to spray in a
wet season. Spraying in wet seasons
has been discouraged by those who
ought to have upheld it, for the wet
season is the one in which fungi spread
most rapidly aud iu which sprayiug is
most needed. We must spray in wet
years, therefore, if no other, and the
txtra labor of more frequent applications
is likely to be liberally repaid by the
higher price of fruit in such years. So
all experience now emphasizes the value
of the arsenical and copper and sulphur
sprays for every year. There should be
no half heartedness, no timidity, no pro¬
crastination; lukewarm armies are never
victorious. ”
TRATXING THE OI.T.
The future value and usefulness of
your colt depends greatly on his train¬
ing. Human life is often saved and
•acrificed, according as the coit Los been
trained.
Convince him you are his superior and
his friend, and the foundation for his
future education is well laid. This is
most easily accomplished the first few
days of his life, os he can then offer bur
little resistance to your wishes, and is,
consequently, most impressed with your
power over him. Hold him firmly but ;
carefully, so as to do him no injury, and
never let go while he is struggling. Use
ail the little arts you can to cultivate his
acquaintance and gain his good will. j
Uaiter break when two or three weeks
old. Do not tie him at ail until he has
become used to the restraint of the rein,
fusuam. and then for awhile tie in company with j
Tnm him to give up his feet and hare
them attended to. Be carefui act to
lift bu hind ones too high, cr you will |
unbalance him so he cannot stand.
Do not nu.r any of hi* lesson* too
long and wear.scene. Keep *.ira gentle
natii old enough to dr.*e a short dis- 1
uuk« to light vehicle. Ttea h tch by a
wed Uwtne*4 L 'tse. Tie the olt'a halter
rt |& hwa# of the ct -cf berae. not It*- *
.
t ^ ^ u#fH Loid him if !
he takes fright. He will soon learn
from the other horse to do your bidding.
Familiarize him with your voice.
Speak plainly and only when necessary,
too much talk will confuse him. Start
and stop him by it. Accelerate or
slacken his pace by it. If he is fright¬
ened or suspicious, reassure him by it,
and when he does well encourage him by
It,
If he -hould require punishment, quit
the momeut he obeys.
If frightened at something ahead,
stop him until he has time to size it up,
then maybe a little detour and touch of
the whip will take him by, otherwise
take hold near the bit and lead him by.
If he stops by mistake don’t lash or
scold him.
Break with open bridle; he may never
need blinds.
Teach him to stand still until distinct¬
ly told to start, then don’t first tell him
by a cut of the whip. heavier
Gradually accustom him to
work as lie grow3 stronger.—Farm,
Field and Fireside.
MIXED FEEDS FOR DAIRY COWS.
It is fair to say that a cow must pay
for the feed she eats, and return a living
to the owner; but otter all it is more
profitable for the owner to raise the feed,
and make yet another profit between tho
actual cost of the cow feed, as raised on
the farm, and what the same feed would
cost if another man raised it, and his
living and profits came from its sale,
writes John Gould, of Ohio. Oats, at
forty cents {.er bushel, are too expensive
a feed, when the results are compared
with good bran, or, what is yet better,
with seconds, tlie grade of bran that has
quite a showing of flour iu it, and is yet
iu most markets cheaper than the bran.
Corn meal, at sixty cents for fifty-six
pounds, is a good food in part, for a
butter dairy, and especially so, if it is to
be fed with clover hay, which is largely
albuminous, uud needs the starchy foods,
like corn meal, to balance it, rather than
more albumiuous matter, which is so
largely represented in bran.
When I can get clover hay in abun¬
dance, I feed largely of that, for, from
every ten dollars’ worth of the hay there
is made nine dollars’ worth of fertility.
To balance the clover hay, I would get
corn in the ear, and have it ground fine
and feed witt the clover hay, rather than
buy more albumino<iS matter. Ear com
should be ground on. the cob, and not
shelled. For milk, the fourteen pounds
of cob in a hundredweight of meal are
woith more, as a promoter of diges¬
tion, than would be the fourteen pounds
af pare meal in its place. A cow
in good flow of milk will Heed
from twenty-two to thirty pounds
of clover hay each day, with eight pound*;
of the meal. In my dairy I reverse this
by feeding fifty pounds of silage, made
from fairly well eared corn, and five to
six pounds of seconds daily, and what
clover hay the cows will consume —some
five pounds daily to each cow. In the
same way cows, to do thei.* best, seem
to need a bulky food, largely on the
carbohydrate side of the ration, as mixed
hay, well cured corn fodder, and the
like. The albumiuous matter should
couac iu smaller amounts, though clover
hay is an exception, as it is a loose,
bulky, stomach-distending food, and the
corn meal balances it in starch to some
extent. Cows eat as they were born to
do, somz more, some less, and to pro¬
duce milk the same rule holds good.
The amount of food a cow will con¬
sume is no indication of what she will
produce iu milk solids, so that the good
dairyman has to feed as circumstances
indicate, the milk pail being the indi¬
cator. Wheat straw is not a good pro¬
motor of milk yields, nor an economical
factor in the feed line. Wheat straw is
far better under a milch cow than in her
stomach. A cow needs to eat so much
straw to obtain a minimum amount of
nutriment that the stomach is overtaxed,
aud there is a shrinkage of the milk. If
the straw is cut flue, aud moistened with
a small amount of water, and then fine
middlings mixed through the mass, the
straw will be improved and made more
digestible. Cut straw and linseed meal
are useful for young stock. —American
Agriculturist.
FARM AND GARDEN NOTES.
Progressive farmers practiss a rotation
of crops.
Concentrated fertilizers and green
manuring go well together.
The balanced ration is a delusion uu
? ess the qualitv of every article of food of
which it ^ composed Is known,
It u=ed to be said “the farmers can
take care of themselves.” Now they are
beginning to thic k aoout doing it.
Ail milk sold in C speahagec. Den
mark, has to be first filterea through
*aytrs of sand, gravel, and fine cloth,
T.;ere are not many more rapid ways
of losing money on the farm than by the
winter leeding of unproductive stock,
About every farmhouse there should be
a aice i%WC- The farmer has the oppor
tunitr to excel lathis sort of ora&tnenta
”
{j oc ‘
D oub!e :be ufe of {arm by
Taking good care of it. The matter is
’ ^ ^ ^ r practlced b *
Uo.J **, deep , fetUn , g ot . tank » uniform
;*» »*■« ,£ * *0001110118 are
t0 * *aa»e. It :a the awme with the
irparator.
To pick email *t:ne* use a potato book,
and **ve time and finger*. The be*t
time to pick *tvae* .* when the land at
tee led down,