Newspaper Page Text
l .W. Nea'on, Prop. J. M.Nt^ion, Editor.
VOL. XVI.
TP T
»ij
His Monthly Talk with the Fanners
of Georgia.
r Department Agriculture,
of
Atlanta, Ga. Dec. 1 . 1891 .
The vear of 1892 has nearly retrospective passed
away, and as we take a
view of onr labors, our successes and
our defeats for this year we find much
food for earnest thought. It isonr dnty
to consider and weigh well the grave
responsibilities which surround ns, and
In makiug our arrangements for another
vear to ask ourselves if our efforts have
keen conducted on the right lines? Have
we conducted our farms on common
sense, business principles? Have we
managed in such a way as not only to
reap the largest yield from the smallest
area at the lowest cost, but have we
realized the full benefits of this result?
In planting our various crops did we
consult the ever important condition of
“supply and demand ” and indisposing business
of them did we ex else the
acumen which enabled us to market
them to the best advantage? Is it not
too nun h our habit in the hurry, and
oftei perplexity of arranging our busi
ness at the beginning of each year to
overlook these important questions? In
our anxiety we are liable to forget that
the farmers obligations are not confined
to the narrow circle of his own farm
and home, but on each one rests, in
part, the duty of feeding and clothing
the world. A failure in this can but
bring disappointment and suffering to
the busy toilors in other occupation.
and trades, and also those who.
while helping us. are not pro
ducers, whose daily wants have
to be supplied. It is to the
farmers that these teeming millions
turn, not onlv for tlieir meat and bread,
but for the clothes which they wear, and
the farmers alone can produce them.
This is their supreme right, and thus to
them belongs the lever which moves the
world. Do we realize the magnitude duty of
the undertaking? Is it not our
not only to supply our needs, but to
meet t this demand which the worm
lUlAi^accomnHsh ,
makes upon us, this
W8ffi? To understand this question
more thoroughly let us tro back thirty
years. At tl.aMime there were fields in
every section of our state that, without
fertilizer yielded large returns. With
ordinary preparation and fair cultiva
tion we predictions. reaped abundant crops of our
staple Weliadwide ex
panses of woodland pastures, which
furnished our meat at an almost norni
nad cost .and a contented, thoroughly
controlled labor system. Prosperity
and contentment smded on every side.
Then came the devastations of war
and an entire change in our system of
labor. After this, from necessity often,
but as truly from mistaken farm meth
ods, the tenant and renting syst«n and
began, and also the pernicious
false, and I s.,ouid say easy and elastic
plan of secur.ng advanc.es to the full,
ciop^ under cuitivatiun. Ti»©86 mis
takes have tended to bring about a spec
illative system of fanning. The ease
with which credit could be obtained on
cotton and other the impossibility and the of cheapness secunng
it on any crop,
of our lands have influenced many
farmers to produce hoped a money would crop, be or
rather what they a
money crop, to the exclusion of those
food crops so absolutely essential to the
success, comfort and. and I may say
perpetuity of our calling. Granted that
this system is the result of our losses
from a most destructive war and the
wiping equally out of old established customs,
it is true that it has established
temporary methods which have well
mgh Time bankrupted effectually us. demonstrated
has
the folly of continuing an agricultural dis
policy which has brought us only
appointment and defeat m the past, and
yet in some cases from apathy, in
others from a spirit born of despair.
We see onr farmers plunging each year
deeper and deeper into the whirlpool of
ruin, Seeking and gaming the consent
of their patient and hopeful for their creditors,
they braoe themselves new
work, and by increasing cotton, their
only money crop, vainly This hope to retrieve work
their failing fortunes new
“1.x
same old methods, the same old hopes,
the same old efforts to old produce debts. a cotton
crop on cred.t to pay
No mathematical demonstrates! proposition than this; was
ever more easily purchase supplies
that a farmer cannot
on time to make cotton at present
prices. In nine cases out of ten the
fosses are so great that he finds rather his obli- than
gations have been increased
diminished by the honest but mistaken
effort he has made to release himself
from the relentless grasp of debt. Let
us resolve on different methods. Ours
is an honorable calling, and farming selling is
just as much a business as
goods, or mining ores and requires Let far
more study and preparation. no
man think that he can successfully
embark in it without some previous
preparation or knowledge of even its
eirorlest duties. To the man who
farms because he loves it and not sim
ply because he can gain a hard living
py it, who studies business as well as
the most enlightened agricultural
methods, who applies the knowledge
tSoSiSStoS^mn^IJEi
iSHSSHHl! agradilal reduction both in the
start,
plant growth and yield of fruit must
take place, and each succeeding produc- year
marks a larger decrease in the
tive power of the land. Let us illus
trate. When a cotton planter put« his
usual 200 pounds of fertilizer to the
acre, he has among other elements pmt
in* pounds of ammonia, and when he
realizes his usual acreage of one-third of
year takee off in the eeed alone 8 pounds
more of ammonia than he supplies, and
the land has to make np the defidit.
Could there he (trotter argument
against our present methods. Our
The Crawfords lle Democrat.
fathers, with a perfect system it labor,
trained and disciplined, puihed degree, t le and ex
hausting process to such a
the the consequences consequences of of our our following following this tins
destructive TKilicv are so serious that
today we find ourselves confronted by
conditions which we must must meet meet and and
conqnor or own ourselves defeated ------
These unsatisfactory methods do nit
meet «u»uc. the demap' UH„ * our <m. more enliglu
enedage T v ere wrong from any
standpoint' with hir -1 labor they
are absolutely ruinous. for
If we are in delt is it possible obli- us
to lessen that debt by tamng on which, us
nations to make a cotton crop, as
I have already stated, costs under our
present [ methods more than it will bring
n the mar kets. Let ns study this qu>«
(j on thoroughly, consider our surround
iu ,, 8 examine carefully the condition
am ] requirements of our lands, count
the cost and then applv ourselves dili
, 7( , nt ] v to th > task of ascertaining which
methods which crops will pav the
largest dividends Having determined
t j, eae let ug nge , )ur best judgement and
enerRy to pro duce the liest results
Select some good agricultural Southern publica
tion no thing better than "The
_ "The
Cultivator" and its contemporary
Southern Farm.'' both around published in fire- At
j an { a an d as you sit your
g pje« these long winter nights read and
gtu:!y the reS ults which are being
obtained in every section by live end
w ide awake farmers. The day with us
j g passed Jj when we can do superficial
wor because the elements or...
a t, un dantly supplied and careless by our ar
from unwise manag“meu
erc-atly exhausted. Anv one with ordi
° intelligence and "energy can o
r j c h land dig a support from the soil
g B j y intelligent and properly dire do I
g kilf can wrest success from our chansre •
con< jition. But here science com
oar a jd, points out tne trouble and
„ egtg ^e remedy and common sense
tells us that we have the conditions for
guccess i n 0 ur grasp if we will only con
t rol them Science says there m-o cer
ta j n elements necessary to the growth
0 f your crops, supply these in greater
qqanties than your crops require and
* keep the fertility of your lands.
5 on up you"have poly
o mmon sense says a moo
a crop w hich is ibaolnt«Jy in ihiuikI
to th» wntia, Keep It proper
ann Build your independence each i s-, t
up a small acreage >v r by s
ana manunn £- ^S^a'fow^acr.'^nnd la * v f a v ®, nr
f^fromTot’"stable #,3 ^d , fence Z . corners
0 ' rich snots E ?u hi ln > oUT w "" vL 1
xt ^'thiswork'lt ■ b"""h\ .
the time for this work. « h- . n ..
demonstrated that Htable.iianuri-s;.r, ; i.i
d f }gp § d e r “ 8 r r ' ^ ‘
ushe s ^ p e r a e xt „. gan tt .
„ uant i ty p i owe( j under ta the spring
same 8 "re. season “ ^^ase yielded onlv in- 50 bus! oi Is
feed vour d. c,
meal and potash W and during
t be bad weather mix these ingredients
on a tight j, floor in the proportion acid and of 600 900
poun( P mea ] 1 300 kaKit. pounds
£ ndg German You will save
rom *4 fc, *0 per ton. have a first class
fertilizer and know just exactly takV what
} , ou are ng j ng . Or yon can 1
cotton fee.1 meal and stable inauut ill
a» f'.ii .wiri? nrnnortious P if^ot a?«1
fertilizer mariret-' eoual superior to e -
un the pounds,’ Acid 650 pounds -t-
67 5 * ’ cotton seed m-nl.
. cot f 0n g ,, P ,j (375
20o" po^nds^V kaini" j,,
I11
^“^tton • f I dednet std a.ik‘stable 75 urnim?;
« d dg of pbosphate
gu .
Again let me warn you not to be led
niistake of raising too numb cot
, Tlnn’t he teinnted os‘ to leave “if the onlv
r,m n an to HU«-< ha tf‘
rarPonltivate suDDlies aud then all cotton
without havin- tom"ke to
it is worth iu
The present condition of the cotton
market is sufficient proof of the unalter
able laws of "supply U and demand." The
th ^ that WH ca expl.‘h-d ot produce too the much
cotto is entjrP l v i bv ex
*’ an >91 we
i hu ,„ d tl felf biggest far crop on ecord
action an( i the nrice P below fa^.iie™ the cost pro
ij and who'^Kwurht manv more
*E PST>fs „i rt v those ^tivkS nay^o/the their pro
gar evets to miking
" in that
obHgationg J 5 incurred
' _P' j ^ i v rea8on 0 f reduced
? ftnd unpr L-low o P itious seasons, the
J, . ^ ' fallen the average and
0 th at this fact is established tevond
J?ess R it ’. and notwithstanding the
. more monev in circnla
than we e J?„„i had one Jrv yeaf th^t ago s^ritv when
a P a r th
f an<l underconsumption, and
, 4, ^causeTthe r , ro a uc tj 0 ri depressed the
^ tn oause 01 lne disas
Had the the maioritv majontyorrarmers of farmers bv y nnr- p
*1,1^0 ffiTd ^ this ^ark erop that is the
^®f ^h^eJt 2 t h ey would now he reaping
d over which the spec
u i at far^Irs q rs a re rejoicing bv' It is true tliere
„e who raising an abnn
' isir,ns"
, f r, r „ v redneimr methodf the cotton
f^ ^ careful increasing Jt
> v .b ield , , Lq wbfie ' lesserdng Hiefit the r are
ip the from their
wise" forethought ffhe ex^ption But Thebu?k unfortunately
ar oTthe of the
^he^recomp^ned hands of the
“ ‘ renuTt to see
!h“ r roo fidwearv the of enriching“there murh anxious
« „v,t t 8 toU
“ r f t b p s V lv e» U-t me urge
Esmr
R. T. NESBITT, O ommusioner.
G««r«i Remark. ’
As this department report will be the last issued
from the for the year 1892 ,
vre desire to thank the correspondent* of
the department who have rendered us
such We valuable glad to aid note in that their the preparations, estimate*
are
made from the report- sent during the
The fiSussfswssss larg9? increase made in the numbw
ie inequalities tn the crop in different
CRAWFORDVILLE, GEORGIA, FRID. DECEMBER 9, 1892,
localites of the same section were more
aeurately ascertained.
cotton.
In regard,to this crop the present in
dications and reports are that it will lie
under rather than above previous esti
mates mates of of the the department. department,
Whilein nearly every quarter thecrop _ __
of 1891 for the state fate has lias been placed from the at
best 1,100,000 ' information ...... bales, the at department its command has
never regarded, t as in excess of 1 , 000,000
bales, and of the two great crops the
actual production in 189 ) as the greater,
Taking therefore l.'XH ),000 bales as the
vieul tor last year.61 pet cent, or boO.OtX
bales or near that number will be the crop
for this year These fignaes were given
in the November report since issuing
which reports have been received which
might justify a redaction in the estima te
and which assures us that the yield will
certainly not exceed the amount given,
picking.
The gathering of the crop in nearly
every part of the state has been com
pleted and the quantity remaining in
the fields is hardly worthy of late, computa- the
tion. While the crop was
total absence of a top crop concentrated
the picking -within a short time and
gathering was finished at au earlier date
than usual.
marketing.
As soon as ginned and packed cotton
has been carried to the markets ana a
much larger percent of the crop has
been sold up to inis time than far several
years.
plant less
Let every farmer remember what we
have so ofted said on the reduction of
t ] 18 co tton acreage and plant less in the
year 1893 than in 1892 . with more grain
an <j forage crops.
corn.
The total yield of corn In the state
exceeds that of last year. The average
yield is not great, especially in north
Georgia but the loss in this respect increased is
more than compensated ly the
Acreage. We hoi»e to see a large increase until
-his year and for succeeding production years of
our farmers are for the
this crop independent of the gram nelas
Q f the west.
small GRAIN.
The season for sewing full crops of
small grain has not been so propitious that
as we might desire, but we trust
our fanners have not been detered from
i" crea 8ing the acreage in their crop In
those portions of the state adapter! to
wheat cultn re ’ X } T **
°? r far !?’: r8 f to f ’? e9t m ^. hod ,!
of fertilizing , and cultivating until all
fllil " re8 ln this cr ,°P '^ i 11 he e,ltirel >’ ,ia(!
to the seasons and not inproper . methods,
-
^
Farm Value*.
Governor Northen in his last in
augural address gave the figures show
incr va!ue the large the increase in the taxable
of property of the state dnr
ing the past Secide. These figures were
gratifying to all who have the interest
of the state at heart; but their effect
was mared by the fact that nearly the
entire increase was urban, and the per
centage of increase in the value of farm
lands was very small. .The fLures are
particularly striking when we consider
that our state b -hissed as agricultural,
tL.»t uji •? vlrfiood ",.> %
our people depend for their
and our sta'e for its financial and com
mercial standing. In arriving at the
causes that have led to these results let
us consider upon what the value of our
farm lands depend The land itself
does not constitute the farmer s wealth,
but the constituents of tbe soil are his
capital. If these constituents serve for
the nutrition of plants his land is pro
dnetive and valuable otherwise it
yields but little and is of small value.
' Outside of the productive features
as
the basis of the value of our lands,
other things are to lie considered as
forming a part of the valuation. For
however valuable approximates the products, exceeds if the
cost of making being little or iffit
its worth, there or will no
earning from the soil, its value not
be enhanced by reason of its produc
tiveness. therefore
The three great questions to
be considered by the practical and theor
etrical agriculturalist are-how to in
crease the productiveness of tho soil,
how to reduce the highest cost of making, and the
how to obtain the price m
market.
“Rational Agriculture,” the spoliation says a writer
“in contradiction to the sys
tem of farming is based upon pnn
-ftSsrsTp- takes from the soil «» part of
ered crop be a restored,
its actual value. This must
or to that extent his capital is impaired, the
and, like the man living beyond each in
tereftt on his money, consuineH year
a portion of his principal, eventually. thus The impov- rota
erishing himself
tion of crops as a method of restitution
has been repeatedly y^hen considered in these
rts the crops are removed
from the soil it should he remembered
that no rotation will restore land, and
that all crops exhaust to some extent
certainly as to their own reproduction, condition of
The physical and chemical
the soil may be improved and existing
nutritious matter converted into an
available form, thus compensating for
exhaustion, but no permanent improve
mentis accomplished. On the other
hand if the crop is allowed to remain on
the land, extracting as it has certain
mannral values from the atmosphere, or
its product in barn manure in returned
the field tbe soil will increase in pro
ductiveness. In any elaborate consid
oration of the compensation, that the
s* s
^ sundard, not only should adopted such
crow be planted and rotation as
willresult in the least exhaustion, but
the plant nutrition of the crop as often
aappsaible returned to the soiL
nlishsd This m*y and yet In a the great crop degree utilized be^ as aurora- food
for farm animals. Commercial fertilizer
while we approve their use at the proper
time and in tbe proper place have too
taken stzOr" to prevent spoliation of their land
te -* “ ^ “ d
Care should be taken In saving barn-
“Devoted to tl pic generally.’'
manure, otherwi 1’ will loos©
of its valuable a, soiunble
property i— ati >n wnst
etc. Our open tan: -V too often
toinjudicious mam utofaaaure
efforts is made t, band their
and spread o arg- area,
timely their savin- fert value. manures In
half of
our farmers paring and
their laud f op to con
not only the yi*. * le or but
permanent more - he produc
of th« soil we improving , mpHaslae
necessity of rot at
physicial and cheu on i tion of
sou and compensati >r exhaustion
attends renrolu , and injoin
necessity of not .nittuig f any
thing of manure! value lu* artn to
. Do this, and w V.ilt DM
chemical fertiliz ni sl tee value
our farm lands will sue,
reduce the cost KIN'O.
In rendering our lan. in rive and
increasing tqeyield p> a, re have
done much towards re/b l th - cost of
making. As approvair mvo’ v cultivation me same
amount of labor is
where the yield is SJUa where the
yield is large. In Bndi to tins the
uSe of labor saving t outs should
be studied, and adopts they Here can
be a saving in this A it
would not be out of say that
fine economy can he «*• farm by
a proper care of tools, etc
STUDY THE
Of all questions in' related
to profit on the farm n planter
has perhaps paid les* 3 a study
of the markets than
This result free that our
principel crop is c always
found a ready sale t is the
duty of the farmer wnnts
of the town, city o which
he has located, ftes j ping lthmr to
the large marts oi ao
demand for various fai “‘V« -Y
doing this he will freq
crops which he may pr< ihH i cu tivate
and for which he may ame to get
cash when it is much ne>
The diversification th. mid result
would noi only be of«. 11 iflt in
restoring worn land b d aid at
driving at what shoult .ini of the
fanner of the cotton a .eduction
of the acreage in otto d that crop
as a surplus. It may 1 aid by some
that now that the c.»t mark-ts has
gone up it is useless to her urge upou
the farmer -
™ E necessity of a ■ • ic>o.-4.a*
To this we need onl niv that Bin
same error will again l I in tile same
disaster, and that livia, . m ty
b( , obtained, by a r. ti v in “an the
amount made. The jt ev V't be ’ In m
the right diriction we ni temn™ t
hack allured by the * oi
rarv profit when exper has demon
atrated that it can bri. tv nmi, Ws
wish it wasinourpow convincingly .inner*
impress on the mnul o "must if
we of tho south won1 1 V utilize
make our farmer self t maud 3
every thing of '-Mue at to
renovate.»ur” icing tlw
' at -‘* " (V s an c
depem.
we rent -at*
* . ^
•>„« or
IIy HON. R. T. NESBITT €< e INK It OF
AORlCUl .TUto Ol 01 ,IA.
From Ilia Uovcral»’ s'onfii«« ill valor.
I know what I pi bout say will not
at first, be pleasant, --r jierpaps fat accepta¬ but
ble, to tho majority of j mors,
when thinking men analyse ijieir theke first plain dis¬
truths, thev impression, will pardon foil 1 the sake of
agreeable kernel of good that h i** them. I
the in » presenting
do not claim originality been repoatoiilinndreds
them, they have underlying
of times, and the principles bills themselves,
them arc as old as the
but the urgency of our present needs
demands that they should W» nilinds impressed of
again and again upon the our
Farming, all things considered, is the
best business on earth, an«H tj the safest,
where the farmer c’ves the) same atten¬
tion to his work i in. ioct.or, the
lawyer, the merchant iWk on his;
but under onr present 11 ageuient it is
actually cheaper f i a . *'o • > to buy
cotton, than it is for b o t<> raise it t
And this is ine crop on riiich voexpend and
all onr enegies, all onr fiieau... on
which we dejiend for our. in. cue.
To the owner of land, t 1 - condition
is deplorable, but ‘ Mp/i'-wer, who
rents land and bom <ir P ro '
visions to make cott f *umous.
When we exaimi ' 8-’ the causes
which has general led to tl jwj in/ii l regsing condition, and
almost agne, akes, two of
we find among other
greatest prominence, « first is, that
we have depended too 1 ich on common
fertilizers and Us. little « green crops
and home manures. Tl history of agri¬
culture t hroughout the f-orld shows that
in those countries where commercial
fertilizers mainly are to relied prods £> u ' 5 r»>p» tu fLlZ
even de in
and want have res t iq ,. fr
countries where it is 11 ion 0 y , v"nction he land,
with thorough prepars whicn , , puts the
that is a pre .aration fertilizer,
land in condition U> utilize the
prosperity and riches.even,have blessed
the farmer’s intelligent rforte.
It is beyond contraction that a man
cannot perrnanetiy enrich his land with
guanos alone They produce an artihc
ia l stimulus, but they do not build it up.
This "building up’' must be done by
eas?s.f fenc -gy
large proportion I* -'the. Onr - lands £ruhzer. one*
which now wast
brought to this com ’ .*
fear to fertilize heave "Tm until until
process is "slow and ' -d.o s hot
andertake we nerve oarne it earaestly ‘ imd^ t ^
cally, we cannot hop* for agn-nit
prosperity. This of nwiatuxi . i" .1^ slso
process
up" plan is far more certain, far more
"sseft w - that s is, r planting !
the second grave ertur,
large areas in the uncertain, “slip-shod"
manner which has characterized our
methods for many years, in other words,
undertaking to plaut more land than we
thoroughly manage. There are t lions
and? of acres throughout for the Siat.\
which do uot begin Leave to pay the kindly cost
of cultivation. these to the
offices of Mother nature, select on >•
your best land, and apply thor. all ! C>
energy, all the manure, which h is her-
tofore been too much diluted by the
“spreading" What need process.
we is concentration. If
our last season's O.tXXl.OOO bales bad
been made on half the land which was
used to make that crop, and the other
half had been applied to improv -d
methods of raising corn, wheat, oats,
grass and stock, how many millions >t
money that escapes through onr fingers,
would have been retained at home, and
be The now adding to our prosperity northwest ? have
big farms of the proflt
cot as a The rule proved permanently communities
able most prosperous
are where the farms are moderate in
size, highly cultivated industrious and families, occupied by
intelligent and who
take pleasure and pride in their business
and surroundings,
To make the cotton producers of the
south tho richest and most independent
people cultivate of less the globe, land in they have cultivate only to it
cotton,
better, that is. bring it to the highest
state of cultivation diversified possible and cultivated put tho
remainder in crops,
on the same plan,
-
Matter* of General luten-it to the Farmer,
The following extracts from the
f«changes of the Department of a; ;•
culture, do we believe contain •; ,1 1
advice ami information of value t->
farmers.
clover as a fertilizer, suited n.
go MIDDLE and NORTH OEOlnilA
The clover plant yields the nice • - ,
nnres, and that is the stuff tl . ... -.t
farmers most need. Clover gives -,s.o
w i„. at , cor n, meat, milk and the chc io st
nn ,j G fst „f r-’l fertilizers Wh it o d
clover should take the place of weeds
aud sassafras bushes.
I look back over flftv rears, arid tunko
n note of the fact that the farms of thu
locality the on which clover regularity, has beou grown today
with greatest exTinnstion. are
tho farthest from Clover is
such a help in food, solving that the I belivve problem <f
available plant it to
be a work of benevolence to help in th*
management of it.
There is one blunder, almost niiiver-ml,
which I believe large 1 v reduces the <m hie
of clover both for feed, seed and fertility,
Rm 11 ■* s universal habit ofnastur
0,1 c i ^ u e L 'd- er a I , j 8 d° , oon not 1 think m uli i*
‘
0 month Ve V l w six J* e weeks I^icy after to pimture harvest, for and a
or
believe It better to lay down a nd- o -ver
I'nsture the first fall under iiiiy Mri.iim
J tanc ® 8 ‘ JUU rule Ihave tn\ mvj tl for
twenty years, and believe that 1 have
4 s the a recenitnlation ^SETi®Xir of .,0 this article, , or _
rather , to enforcf it, I say * w L < ' , r
with all smell grain, no matter what
to tV,, paste-.- "'''r - nest wav of *. Hlizifig and
U(l.
m
nas made growth lining ..,
the land,for by so you much will less n»
the loud run have
feed and less benefit to the land Re¬
member that . soil densely slneled is
always improved, and that no -dln crop
you can grow will furnish as goed shade
as clover.
HOW AND WHEN TO SOW la.' 1 VF. 11 .
September is the best month in vliieh
to smv clover; October is probably the
next best.; if not sown before the t; - 1 of
October It is 1 letter to wait unit !-’■ b
runry. It is not considered the li t
practice, by the mostexpeiieii- bordt ed c! v.*r
growers in the southern r f (in
clover-growing section, to sow th ec- is
with small grain. Success i m re
certain when clover is sown by it 1 i * «r
with sumo other grass, like on bard,
blue grass, etc. If you sow in IV .roary
wo woi ild advise not to sow i\ it.h ats or
other grain. There is no advantage to
be gained in breaking the land earlier
than a week ur twobefore sowing,unless
it may lie necessary to break earlier in
order to get it intogoisl condition. The
soil should be well pulverized aud har¬
rowed smooth. How aliout twelve
pounds of clover seed per acre, if .-'C.vn
by itself; if with orchard grass, use
eight one-half or ten pounds bushels of of clover orchard and on
and gran
seed. While the surface is mellow and
fresh from recent harrowing, mix Un¬
clover seed with ashes or sifted soil, or
with a gissl fertilizer, and how half one
Wfl iv and ItuB the other, so as to get, a
nn (form dis ibutionr, then sow the
orchard grass, or Other grass seed, in the
same way. No covering, by the plow,brush,
or harrow, is necessary, next rain
will cover snffieieiitly. If the soil is not
rich enough to bring a half a bale of
cotton, or it twenty-five 'would be well bushels to fertilize of corn it,
per acre, hundred pounds
using not less than t wo
of gissl ammoniated phoanhate.
FARMING A WIENI E.
Farming is a real science, and not
mere plowing and dropping do that, seed but in the
ground; any negro can to
sow a ml plow with judgement, to under¬
stand the lew of nature, and to take
a/1 vantage of these laws means success.
When a farmer says—“it is too much
trouble, 1 have not the time," 1 know
how to gage his judgement. Whatever
will give or advance always prosjierity time in to any do
business, there is a
that thing.
‘S
at^thetaUgJ. h*
. farm. r but liu»iDess*man might tsi at
the ^Thtre mme time a uoor of™"rmers
’Thereare are a a lar^e large mmhu^atarmm nnrnW
VL •hmulSat The i^Lt crotm St of the ^toiuUity
and ret live grow
C 2 I^«thSv^«notfood t he looser they
h^"* the T ‘ r « * A burin« burines.
products, ^ t ,U may Yr as
questions. What shaU we prciioe, u
what quantities, when shall it be pro
duced and how, when, where and foi
what price, atnl to whom shall it lie
sold?
WHY NOT RAISE VOUR OWN WORK
ANIMALS.
The following from The Southern
Cultivator shows that at 8 cents )>er
pound, Georgia pays 100.000 bales of
cotton for horses and mules. Can our
farmers prosper and pursue this course?
' V careful estimate reveals the fact
that most of the counties in middle
Georgia have for long years, paid, in
actual cash, from eighteen to thirty
thousand dollars, annually, for mules
and horses brought from the west.
Striking a low average from the entire
state, we find between three and tour
million dollars taken from the state for
stock that could Vie raised for a nominal
sum upon onr own fields. Wh it stup¬
endous foltv, when it is conceded on all
lmmls that our stock <v 1 lie raised at
less cost than in the markets from
which we Imv. Grass grows as freely:
onr soil produces forage as abundantly:
onr winters are far less rigorous and
the necessary case, therefore, less ex¬
pensive. Every tiling is favorable to
the enterprise; wisdom and economy
should urge the undertaking. least, the Every stock needed farmer
raise, at
upon his fans. It great'y helps the
general Kith good to hold atiunal colt shows,
as an evieence of progress uml an
encouragement to others.
USE MORE KEKTIIsIZEIlS.
The funner* of the south do not use
enough manure, or to state it in a dif
foretit'form, they take from the soil
every year very much mere than they
return to it in manure. It i. easy to
show, that fertilizers pay batter divi
lends than any other investment on the
farm. The conclusion forT.iZere Lirresi-itildethat
we should use more ; not com
mercial or bought fertilizers alone, but
home mannres. composta. green crops
turned under, marls, etc,, everything
that will add mere to the yield of tho
crop than the cost of its api-lication.
To have an abundance of stable or
barnyard manures there must animals bo an f«*«V in.
£T This 1 e i lae *ive* ,' n diversitv G nnuiwr to the farm an l in
creases the Heurecs* of income. A well
fed cow will nearly pay for her keep in
manure, besides a good profit, on tbe
butter sold and consumed,
a good maxim For farmers.
Raising cotton on i>oor land does not
fees pay. quiintities I cannot atfoni to raise cotton in
f than one halo nor zero,
antl n or ,i 0r to ,, r ing my land up to
<bat po jut must make manure, iuid the
c .b 0 U j H)H t j g that made from stock raised
0,1 ■ fcnu
•• • « • «
Th e “old beaten track" Is not always
th w The .., )M ,„, ah , n track" is
pot th „ , m „ , hftt wRUlways lead us
)ni||)t quickly, ( a^rieultu or even New most surely, telfttid to
ftUCC0HH n
m , w m eth<sls ha. .aim up in every
branch of farm / practice during recent
1|nd man of them have alrea-ly
been tried and found good. A ould preju
d) „ # , f , )f « M w „, ah not
kis-oone ^ ft-m Mng w-W-sive. Umul,
atu y tH)t , W . K „
« # « •
or Hu>....
unfortunate one for nnr farmer*, here m.,
they can improve it very much
after by their the own efforts. They long can
never command situation so as
they must sell their cotton or starve.
They can command it when they can
live without selling and sell only to
realize profits. The increase in the pro¬
duction of fmid crops on southern farms
shows a tendency in the right direction.
It is a tendency which no rise in the
price of cotton should stop. If it con¬
tinues long enough it will profitable make the pro-
1 duction of cotton again and
our fanners prosperous.
CULTIVATE WELL IF YOU IIAVK TO
PLANT LKKH.
More work amounts to nothing.unless oulcula
there is reason, judgi ement, and
tion hack of it. Juu gement and calc.u
lation are all important in all undertak¬
ings. The know how, the know when,
and the know why, is calculation and
judgement nicely balanced. calculation Lalior
without forethought and
will end in failure, methodical or a poor support. do
System, plan, bustling ways excited not
beget a fussy, but the or an machinery
way of doing things,
of action seems to run itself.
Again, a small business with small
profits demand long and arduous labor.
T here is no extsmsion / in some callings;
. 1 h- field /* | 1 is - Huiited ... . and 1 -4 It. .„{1I will not . A grow ...
larger for there s no nxmi for enlarge
ment. A certain amount of business
can lie done in a certain calling, and no
extra efforts will add to it. Take the
newspaper business of today, with a
paper in every county, and in some two
or three. They will have a certain
amount of circulation and no more, a
certain amount of business a fid no more,
and put all the will "fuss not and add fury” a dollar, displayed but
or on
rather sink money. A piece of India
rubber will stretch to a certain length,
arifl any more pulling funner*— will Baldwin break It, and
Attain two mala
with a a pi<*oe tt rmM to
farming. Baldwin cuItivat<*H nl»out
thirty acres with hi* mule, manures
well, works deep, the place, plants everything potat/ais, ha
consume* on corn,
etc., raise* hi* own meat, has system,
judgement and every¬
thing he does, doe* not rush and push to
try to do too much with hi* force, and
the resnlt is a success. His cotton
money is all clear gain, Mfllcdge,
without judgment and calculation,
wants to cultivate all cotton an/1 trie*
to make one mule cultivate about, sixty
acres. Always in tho grass, ground
badly plowed, everything raised, and to though buy that he
he *honld have
work* harder longer, failure, and wears him
self out, he ia a and grows
joorer and poorer every year. Far bet
or to make one acre, well manured,
produce thirty bushels of com or a bag
of cotton,than three acres half cultivated
with all the wear and tear, to get thirty
bushels or one bag. Tho saving of
labor is making monev. do, well, and
Whatever yon do not
try to do too much. First calculate
how much you can do, and what it will
pay you to do it. Then let judgment
be your every day monitor to keep out
Wild dreams of speculation, and hope over without san¬
guine expectations, back it.
reason to
Senator Henna OcttlDg Wall.
Washington, Dec. 1 — Senator Kea
na, although still confined to hi* bed, le
eo much improved that it ie thought all
dafiger of a relapse hoe paaeed. Be bee
bad another good ni|tit’e wet.
Terms gi oo,
NO. 49.
P.P.I
CURES ALL ArU 1 '
AND
BLDDD D15E/ 7
Ph/tkiaiui »r,Jori# with I*. as r *pfsi
»nd prMtrftt* It freat Mtlafert'vu for Oir*» of all
forma and stages »( Fri m»rv. ^Mofiila- <TV
1 2 Xi P JL "P <| [pH .;l)i
Cures e •
scro
icera anil
c>.ou« »wu eeillnge, have re«Ute4 Rheamatlar ail treatruofit, , MnSet old
that « ■ xx*\,
| MRMT“ ;
RSirr^ ■w r «TTW!
twlal P, P, IN 1 P. Ison, Tetlor, Rcal.l Head, etc., •!«.
Is m iwiwevfnl ten I c, and an «* itlf‘ r.
,1»'
B
peildrii|( the eysietn rapidly. *
whose systems eve pc Unne4 and Whoa* h oc mi la ia
ejs hi.pur* •.■ndltioR. due to li -,«;nU na.l lrraii!>ylU Id*, a 15*
EMm.
cleansing .Miil.rTybtOsT—lbTlf. iir«.|ieri»ei ol P, P. wo.it.itnT!'"' P_, T~ V hv
end Potvssfnin Prickly Ash, I.c-ol
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Mm DY 5 i&i P-’J
LIPPMAN BUM., Propvlotom,
Orucstsu, U W uuui’» Block, Bi.AXSAH, QL.
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ATI ART A, 6 HA 1 TARMM, AiUHYriU,
CIHCtMKATI, LOUISVILLE, ASHEVILLE,
AND SUMMIR RESORTS.
mat xx, laiio.
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A r 10 p.m ft 17 V
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rullni utn HlMtinor* ItruriMwi' k to AtiKMtnar»A Full'
Diati Kurr*-t Hi«»p*>r« Jarknonvlllf in Cinf*tiifistl
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Train Mamphls arv«! tM# at i.a» Waul
l**»vliiv Hrtimnvl' k a.m, fimiifi
Wurtin wlfli f'liiiman Rlaapar for Uhnitati'no »>>n , ut
A llanu with Pullman 8n*«r»«*r for KnoivHfv »Iim»
Conritiotlunii ar« matin with puilnmn Nln* j t-r tor
PhllMflnlphia ihavlllp. ami N*w York, and Jl< t Hprtnga artft
A
summer excursion TICKZTSwui Cvt
twocentm s" mil. ir»r«IM <■ |
16 th, l«k), food to lt*ttirn h*fon* N'.i if let
, rn ^ rl . d to u-u.
TRxnk Appl . ti.s.i a,.,,.. .„
m joi.lt, N<._ 7 S w..i 111.10.4 n»r Sc. e....m-r J«. k.-n.lii. ui».
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xti.sta, u. l«"I VIM Tmm»
-AUGUSTA —
-‘.STEAM LAUNDRY.;
-Orric* xjrn Wos- _
ft1A olAeittCk^Oll . . St-j ~ August A ft, (f*i ..
First CIms WorK GB:;rHnte**d
Wors turned ever te the Dzmixhat vrtl
n sent down, for further lmfoi .- ' n
ee tfie Kdlto*. AprUb/
_
a
—kf« s »' »/A« e»r eg—
iad
- MARBLE NOffUMENTS
- an# STATUARY.
——fisrAwTKK DmacT.
UIRTKIOTOR m Salle lug *t<Mk*.
--SUIT FOX —
CHAMPION IRON FE 7 MD..
•grTbe Beat In tbe B .i id
DestoMl
Original Dmtfna 1
LO» I'KiOslf
Bend for them
OIBm tad Sleaa Wutkx,
k 531 Bmd St, AUGUSTA,Ot,
AS Werk Guaranteed. xeplt.