Newspaper Page Text
^ Tf liiC Normal \I i School c l i
♦ fll Manila, n , 1.
♦ I.
__„_______ _
N O event that has occurred
since the occupation of the
Philippine Islands by the
S Americans can be more far
teaching and beneficial In Its effect
than the recent Inauguration and es
tablishment of a normal school at
Manila for the training of native
'teachers. Hy a recent act of the Civil
Commission the sum of $25,000
appropriated for the organization and
II §
j M i'J A
i WiE X, ■tiiMI -Ms m
I 1 si
i HI , t J
on. oavid r. da Knows, cxtt sriutniN
TENDHirr AND ACTIBrt FRIROlPAIi
MANILA NORMAL SOHOOI* WITH OF
FICE ASSISTANTS,
maintenance of a normal school ln
Manila for the year 1001. Closely
following upon this net. City Super
intendent of Schools, Dr. David P.
Barrows, late of San Diego, California,
was duly appointed, and authorized
to net ns prlnelpul of the school dur
ing a preliminary term beginning
April 10, and ending May 10.
I)r. Barrows Immediately called to
his assistance some forty-five of flic
brightest American resident teachers,
and opened the office for matriculation
on April 1. A pamphlet outlining the
course Intended to be followed was
duly printed and sent to all Ameri
can teachers situated throughout the
archipelago, and letters were written
to them asking their eo-operatlon In
urging the native teachers to attend.
At first lt was estimated that possibly
850 might be matriculated, but by the
middle of the first week of school oVer
000 (mostly all men and women of
mature age) had entered the school,
and. In order to accommodate them,
'/ /
■ / 4
- ' r ~-. s* ;q
------
ix m
(: fcViV J 3* < i m
< Wtm i
/
y,
5=S
THE NORMAL SCHOOL BUILDING.
hundred or more were sent to another
school building, 3-10 Calle Palnclo,
where several American teachers were
Placed ln charge, aud the work
progressed. As, under’Spanish rule,
only antiquated methods o*f questions
nnd answers had been pursued, the
object of the normal school was not
so much to impart knowledge of the
subjects In hand as It was to introduce
new methods, and to show native
touchers, who are, without exception,
overanxious to prepare themselves for
the woMv of educating their people,
liow to make the best use of materials
nt hand, and thus encourage them to
further rcscarclrand preparation. The
students that attended the school wOre
representatives of the highest intelli
gence throughout tho archipelago.
Hardly an island or province occupied
l>y American forces but was repre
sent ed.
As an example of the Interest taken
hy those in charge in extending the
benefits of free public schools to the
natives, none Is more worthy of 0 111 11
latlou than the action of Captain ,T.
1’. O’Neill, commanding officer at Ran
Felipe, Zambales Province, Island of
Luzon, who, when he found that the
twenty odd tcackers from lfis district
w f 111
i 8 Ifn
- --- -- ^
>1 »,f, i i kw
ilfr 1/
INTERIOR OF FILIPINO SCHOOL, PRESIDED
OVER BY AN AMERICAN TEACHER.
couhl not reach Manila to attend the
normal school ou account of lack of
funds, generously donated the sum
necessary himself.
Thirty-three classes in English,
Geography, Arithmetic, Physiology,
Manual Training, Art, Nature Study,
Kindergarten, nnd Music were organ
ized, and successfully conducted
throughout the entire term. The main
object of most of the studies was to
familiarize the native teachers, through
observation of work principally, with
the various forms and methods
which will bo introduced later on in
all the schools.
. The most markcu interest was taken
I j n the work ns is shown by the high
average dally attendance.
Following is n part of the statistical
report of the school: Number matrleu
lat * d * average number attending,
570; percentage of attendance, ninety
eight: number of male students, 480;
number of female students, 170; aver
age of students, twenty-five; number
of Islands uud provinces represented,
thirty-one.
The school closed Its session on May
10, and the students returned to their
respective provinces Imbued with a
determination to labor earnestly for
the advancement of their people. As
a result of the summer session of tho
normal school, several normal classes
are to be organized In many of the
Interior provinces.
As outlined, lt ls the present inten
tlon of the Department of Education
to assign at least one American teach
er to each school, and during an hour
of each day’s session this teacher will
be obliged to Instruct the native teach
crs. All instruction Is t> be given in
the English language.
TIk* Civil Commission, backed by
the military Government, have been
exceedingly generous ln their appro
priations to the public-school system,
and under the able management of
General Superintendent, Professor
Fred. W. Atkinson, the next twelve j
months will see great advancement
made ln the march of education and
the uplifting and enlightenment of the
Filipinos. These people are ready to
labor early and late to secure a good
education.—II. G. Squicr, la Harper’s
Weekly.
Famous nnd Didn’t Know It.
It Is not often that a man becomes
famous In his lifetime without his
knowing lt himself, but that was the
case of the poet Arthur Rimbaud, to
whose memory a monument has just
been erected at Charlevllle, his birth
place, writes a Paris correspondent.
Rimbaud, who was born In 1857,
and died at Marseilles in 1891, had
been an obscure verse-maker when
bis unpublished works were discov
ered by Paul Verlaine, who was en
chanted by the rare quality of Rim
baud’s poetry, and bringing It to the
notice of the Paris literary world, in
stantly created an enthusiastic cult
for the young genius.
Rimbaud, however, knew nothing
of the laurels thrust upon lilm, as he
was then in the heart of Ethiopia,
amassing a fortune In the Ivory trade.
On landing at Marseilles he under
went a surgical operation, from which
he died, unconscious of the fact that
he had become a celebrity.
,
A .Strange Kxtlnct Bird of Mauritius.
“Dodo” is a word often used iu theso
days to describe a person who, wliilo
he may not be an idiot, is not remark
able for his wisdom. And all the
meaning that the word conveys has
been given it by the strange creature
that once bore it. The dodo, as a bird,
is now extinct, nnd, judging from Its
picture, doubtless some of my readers
will not bo sorry. The dodo was about
the size of the swan, aud had moans
neither of defense nor fiiglit. It lived
JM* s
vl
*
y- P
ft Zf*
wM
k
1 #V’ VytmMliw
THE DODO AS IT WAS,
in the small Islands oast of Madagas
car, Mauritius, Reunion, etc,, and was
found there by European explorers
early in the sixteenth century. The
coming of Europeans, however, proved
the downfall of the strange bird, and
the last one of them disappeared about
the year lti20.
It was an exceedingly clumsy bird,
vith short, thick legs, a ponderous
bill and with useless little wings. It
was covered with down instead of
feathers, and its general appearance
was anything but prepossessing. Rev
eral specimens were carried to Eu
rope by the explorers, but the dodo
was destined lo a brief existence when
the white men came.
Tiie Unruly Member.
By examining the tongue of a pn
tient a doctor finds ovu the diseases of
the body and philosophers the disease
of the mind.—Sunny Routh.
,
^ 8
n ^ 6 \m Spain’s Jfing
x O domes of Ago.
1 O
O'* ,
•
7 r~Y I HE young King of Rpalti,
Alfonso XIII., comes of age
next spring, and will have
"u the nominal ruling of his
country. lie will have good advisers,
however, including his mother, the
present Queen Regent, Senor Sagasta,
and the Duke of Tetuan. Alfonso
XIII. will be sixteen years of age on
Mtry 17. It ls believed that the eoro
nation will l>e practically a private
event, and In the light of present po
Htleal conditions In the country, it will
probably Is* a wise precaution.
The political atmosphere has cleared
eomewhat Things are not so bad as
th( *y ndgbt bo; there is a surplus, even
)
■
;
. V
y. A*
a.
'M vV
■ \
,v,v
A'
WM
__ s :■ m -m (
*
r 3
a SS
9 m i 7
/ 5
»
( r
I l
| i
I,
I
LATEST PORTRAIT OF TIIE YOUNG SPANISH KING.
though not a large one, in the treas
ury, and tlier-i is no lack of activity in
the more important trading circles.
.Senor Sagasta, one of the notable
figures in the political history of the
has a tremendous task before
lilm. He stands for Spanish Liberal
ism, nnd there is no one in the country
that is so well versed in Its peculiaf
conditions. Worn by long service to
bis country, absolutely faithful to it
In every sense, of unimpeachable in
tegrity, Sagasta has earned the title
of the Grand Old Man of Spanish
Liberalism, and it is a deserved recog
nition.
Sagasta’s cabinet includes General
Weyler, as Minister of War; Senor
Moret, as Minister of the Interim?; the
Duke of Almodovar del Rio, as Min r
ister of Foreign Affairs, aud the
Duke of Veragua, as Minister of the
Navy. The first and last named gen
tlemen are l.ot known in the United
States, but it can hardly ue said that
they are regarded with favor.
The American people remember
Weyler through his Cuban administra
tion, the story of which, all things con
sidered, does not improve with the
telling. The Duke of Almodovar del
R-o 'is said to be somewhat in sym-
1 athy with the British; Senor Moret
is perhaps the best known of all the
cabinet, and has an excellent record.
General Weyler's influence was in
evidence in connection with the mar
riage of tne Princess of Asturias, the
Queen’s eldest child. The Princesste
choice—Don Carlos de Bourbon—is the
6eco11 ^ soa f * ie Count Cnserta, who,
* s a pronounced Carhst. The Queen
Hegcnt approved ot the match because
it was based entirely ou mutual esteem
and love, but Senor Sagasta strongly
opposed the marriage, even refusing
to be in office when it took place. Gen
eral Weyler’s friendship for tne young
man meant so much, uowever, that
notwithstanding Sagasta’s disapproval,
which was warmly seconded hy both
Liberals and Republicans, the rnar
riage was consummated. Don Carlos—
now Prince of tho Asturias by the
royal decree—studied lu the Artillery
S 'bool at Segovia, aud served iu Cuba
tinier Weyler.—Harya*-# Weekly.
Cuba’* Salvation. '
The pest of yellow fever haa ffieen
comoated with such vigor In Cuba
that not a single death has,|M»u re
ported as resulting from it this year,
according to good authority. Reports
Received from members by Surgeon-General of the medical Wyman staff
scattered all over the Island of Cuba
show that lt is practically free from
J' ellow fever. This is probably the
first time this statement could be made
for centuries. The reason that yellow
fever has been so successfully over
come is because of the efficient sani
tar - v methods employed by tiie United
States health officers. Havana itself
fi‘ as been revolutionized as regards its
sanitary conditions. Recent experi
meats having proved that yellow fever
- ' vas t0 a great extent transmitted by
mosquitoes bred in the tropical
swamps and the cesspools, drastic
means were employed to kill these in
sects. The streets and sewers in Ha
vana and other cities of the island
were sprinkled with kerosene, with
most satisfactory results.
Sad to say there is such a thing as
Alert stupidity- -
COMINC FUR FASHIONS.
Tails Galore Form Nock Pieces — T a*
Dined Paletot*.
The nimble fingers of n fashionable
furrier’s employes are already busy
carrying out the clever designs from
London and raids ln mink and sablo
neck pieces. Sable, you know, ls im
ported ln the pelt shape without duty,
so It ls really sane to buy these fine
natural furs here where one knows
and has confidence In the furrier.
To Judge by these fine novelties our
furry fellows have taken to growing a
great number of tails. Of yore, when
we complained that there were too
few tails on a neck piece we were In
formed that animals seldom had more
than one each.
Evidently we’ve changed all that,
for these advance beauties are cotn- i
posed entirely of tails,
In mink tails these pieces cost from
$50 to $75. The one shown ln the lllus-
tration is perhaps the most graceful
and fetching. Round the satin neck
band is a double row of tails, the top
row looped down, the bottom row
looped up, until both rows meet. At
each end of the ruche-like neck piece
there are four ends in chenille effect,
each of these strands being composed
of four tails.
Among the variations on this pictur
esque arrangement is one which has
twenty tails hooped around the foun
dation band. The ends are either like
the one pictured or consist of simple
bunches of tails.
Though fur-lined coats now seem
A\1
n
tMkj'S w* ■
pa ' Mm.
I ttliP .£<v\
>
i
a Wl
!/
irfii
4 1 Iff i g
a.': I i/
m
M If;
Kh
m
s i
A FORE LOOK AT FTJK FASHIONS.
synonymaaa with torture garments—
never mlna, there are cold days com
ing.
Paletots are to lead ln stylo, black
broadcloth being tho favored fabric.
The all-gray Siberian squirrel is the
choice for linings.
As to the details, the sleeves will
bell a bit at the wrist, and though tlio
coat is perfectly loose the seam down
the middle back will be slightly curved
and open about half the way up.
Women who are to indulge in a mj.d
season as well as a cold-weather pate
tot are choosing black Louisine, and
white is still the favorite lining.
Coal in Indian Territory.
Some idea of the value of the coal
deposits iu Indian Territory can be
gained when it is known the average
thickness of the vein is four feet,
which will produce 4000 tons an acre.
These lauds are leased in lots of -960
acres each, which means that 3,500,000
to 4,000,000 tons can be produced by
those leasing the land. On this out
put tho lessees pay a royalty of 8
cents a ton. The output during the
last year was 1,900,127, as against
1,400,442 tons the previous year. The
interests of the Chickasaw and Choc
taw Indians arc protected.—Chioago
Jourmil
Wo f\°APS < 1 ?
jURTtft <rf AM SA\C*G–>
P^–AP
OF MAt4 A.rlD
SmM
Machinery Working a Kevolntion.
WT^T HE perfection of farm ma
I chlnery has worked a revo
I lutIou in a11 farming meth
(? od6> - Su ' v 11 ,uau CiU1 witl1
ease do the work In a day that used
to take him three or four days to per
form. By means of the improved ma
chiuery and scientific methods the
progressive farmer has cheapened the
cost of his produce by half; the per
fectlon of railway service takes bis
surplus to the market In half the
time, with a freight charge of cue
fourth the tariff of thirty years ago.
There Is more money now in fifty
cent wheat than there was In "dollar
wheat then.
In every field of human activity In
his country, save one, there have
been and are being made giant
strides to multiply productivity
lessen cost and add convenience Shall
we no expect ere long that the top
wire of mam fences will connect with
telephones and join farm to farm, and
these, in turn, to the town at the rail
way, the county seat, and the city?
But what shall we say of the roads
In these there has been practically
no advancement ln fifty years. Wagon
transportation shows little, if any,
progress for 4 t a century Periodically T , , ,. ,,
in every community the farmers go
out, and under the direction, or, more
properly, misdirection, of the path
master, plow up and destroy more or
less of the roads In working out their
annual poll tax. May we live to see
the eud of this idiotic practice. Many
of our main traveled roads have bad
more time and money thrown away
upon them in these annual fits of “iiu
proving” than it would cost to build
and maintain a first class macadam
road. The necessity for good roads [
is immediate and Imperative; expand- ;
ing trade and the perfection of ocean |
transportation, have put American
grain Into competition with the food
products of Crimea, India. Australia
and Argentina. In all of these coun
tries American machinery and meth
ods are no strangers, and all of the
economies known and practised here
are understood and employed there.
If, then, the American farmer is in
the future to hold the first position as
the feeder of the world, ho must still
further cheapen the cost of his pro- j
duce in the world’s market. There i
may be various ways to do this, but
there is one way so potent, so pro- j
nounced and self-evident that it out- I
ranks all the others, and that is to ;
buikl good roads, and thus reduce the
cost of transportation from the farm
to the railway by two-thirds No less
an authority than the United States
Bureau of Agriculture finds that it
often requires one-fourth of the farm
produce to pay for carrying the whole
from the farm to the railway. The |
Secretary of Agriculture says: “No
permanent prosperity will or can
come to agriculture without good
roads.” The cost of hauling from the
farm to the market is tlu-ee or four
times more than the cost of similar
service in Europe, and is, at least,
three times what the cost would be
here with good hard roads.—New York
Tribune.
!
I5a<l Ronds a Double Injury. j
Bad roads work a double injury; : I
when the natural dirt roads are good,
the teams are usually wanted in the
fields. When the rain comes so that
the work is stopped in the fields, the
roads are often impassable. The fact
that prices are usually the best when
the roads are the worst is one so gen- :
eral and so often repeated as to be
well known to every one. In fact, the
scant supply is due to the embargo of
mud, which creates a shortage in the
market, and this increases the price.
When the roads are good again, the
immense quantity of produce thrown
upon tho market depresses the prices.
Bad roads are, in fact, the most ex
Deusive burden tile farmer has to bear
They require twice the horsepower,
twice the time aud only one-half the
load as compared with good roads,
Transportation is really the great
est economic question of the age. In
no department of human activity has ;
there been a greater or perhaps so
great an advancement as in the rail
way transp. ration in this country.
The American railways have solved
the question of the most perfect sor- j
vice at the least possiblo cost. A
modern locomotive over a modern
track will carry from 90,000 to 100,000
bushels of grain !a a single train. We
can boast of the best railways—and
the worst public highways—of any
country on earth.
Met Half Way.
Under direction from Washing
ton, a special agent of the Department
of Agriculture took up the questioff
of transporting road material with tho
presidents of ten of tho leading rail
ways in Illinois. Iu every case they
expressed their willingness to haul
road material for this purpose at ac
tual cost. One president said: “Wo
will haul it on any terms required,
and if cost isn’t low enough the far
mers may fix the tariff.”
Reward of Humanity.
The case under tho Wild Birds’ Pro
tection act at Gainsborough the other
day is hardly calculated to encourage
the protection of wild birds. A man
rescued a thrush from the hands of
some boys who were ill-treating it
and , took , , it to Ins , house, whereupon
he was himself summoned and mulcted
m the costs lor being in possession of
the bird.—London Truth. -
THE SEA BOTTOM.
Physical Conditions aud Form* 0 f ti
tho Ocean Depths. fe <4
The following facts relation to the
deep sea and its forms of pf“ are do.
rived from an address delivered
contly by Professor C. C. Nutting ,
the Iowa University, who has hlmLn 1
been actively engaged in deep- sw ^ ei
ploratlon. '
conditions O^’dw^se^ varies' life'is'tlie^ l enor- ^
mous pressure> w m C h ’ of c ° Urse
wlth the depth . At the nr'ess.,*? 1 '
sny> 2 000 fathoms, the
about two tons to the "in 8
square '
surface, and at 4000 fathoms subi/it**'
square inch of surface is 1
pres sure of about four 1
tons ' This
fact led tIie cnrlier life'was phy8lclgtg inW.nT ,
taIll that organic h-!?'
ln t he great depths It
provedi however, that animals Of all
cln8se8f except tho highest verte
brnteg> have been dredged from even
tho deepest abysses of the ocean
The RTt>£lt pres8Ure to they
have been subjected has a curious «
feet on tlie deep-sea fishes when ‘ it,
are broUj?ht t0 the 8urface being'reSS
the9e clrcumstance3i 1
from the accustomed ^ pressure e he
fall t0 pleces , as lt T ;
bu] out) tbe swim . bladder 0t J ude
from the mouth> tho scales ,J a J>
the flcsb comes off ln patc .
these flshes> disreputable as ‘ they lae -' a* ll P
, 0 ie sur£ac
‘ «,
, , , ? eC a 3 oueh
their nrnner iini i tn T ° the f C " depths of in
th« thm a ( ou )L ef?s1 na more
. . ’, of four
’ e P ressure or
five f tons . to tlie . inch , tli«in are we prel nf tha
fifteen pounds of atmospheric Ld 6
un(ler wllicll we Uve move and
, ha ?' « Ur bemg , .
e ‘
er relIla r , " a „ * e condition of life
'
. au , lis that of
J. n 0llI ’ c e on a | ® vUCSS e P –0 f ' ar ls at Jmtst, pro- as
’ ’
! UQl f^ , ’ ,l I s p concerned. otographic plates It has arc been un
a tL ' ec icyond a aepth of 125 fathoms
of 0 „ the ear sllu s f; light 1 ’ a having J or . ^ le been ma i° absorb- r P ai 't
. 1 has reached that depth
e 0ie
IOi csso. * exander Agassiz assumes
f. S a J ^i that aC 200 fatlloms
a s caeai , l0la stailigut r ,. e , san night. | s Possibly Below that that of
1 a c^J e C' rs would seem necessa-
1J J t0 JL ' iU ' 0i 'cd in darkness as com
!’ ete as ^cugh they were immerse!
n a sea ° J IIlu " ^’ et there is evi
ence tending to prove the presence of
at depths far in excess of this,
^ ccortang to Professor Agassiz, by
? ‘ l lbc ma J° r tty of animals living at a
tl0 pta of about 2000 fathoms have
c ^ es ’ °^ lel ^"'' e their allies of shallow
\ a t er > ° r else rudimentary, or some
times very large, as the huge eyes de
'eloped out of all proportion in some
°y .* be a hyssal crustaceans and fishes,
r hhout light these organs would, of
course, be useless. Sunlight being out
of the question, it is now held that the
light which enables these animals to
see is phosphorescent.
A very largo number of crustaceans
are highly phosphorescent. Many of
those having large eyes are of this
class, and are particularly active in
movement and voracious in appetite.
They feed on minute organisms fot
the most part, and it can hardly be
doubted that they use their phospho
rescent powers for the purpose of il
luminating their surroundings and re
vealing their prey.
A third condition of the ocean depths
ls a temperature uniformly low, prob
ably below forty degrees, while in
many cases the temperature is actu
ally below the freezing point of fresh
water. This condition is kept up by
the ocean currents, the general ■ drift
of the surface waters being from the
equator toward the poles, while the
deep-sea currents are in the opposite
direction. The general impression
that a high temperature is more fa
vorable than a low one for tho best
development of animal ife is certainly
not true of marine animals iu general
If other conditions are favorable s
luxuriant fauna will be developed in
any temperature short of the freezing
point of salt water.
An iElepIiant Labyrinth.
A curious labyrinth in which ole
phants are captured alive is to be seen
near Ayuthia, formerly the capital of
Siam. The labyrinth is formed of
a double row of immense tree-trunks
set firmly in the ground, the space be
tween them gradually narrowing,
Where it begins, at tiie edge of th ff
forest, the opening of the labyrinth i=
more than a mile wide, but as it ap
proaches Ayuthia it becomes so nar
row that the elephants cannot turn
round.
Suspecting no danger, the wild de
pliant enters the broad opening at the
forest eud, lured on by a tame de
pliant. The gradual narrowing of the
boundaries is not observed until the
elephant finds himself in close quar
ters. <1°
Having reached the end of
labyrinth, the tame elephant is al
lowed to pass through a gate, while
men lying in wait slip shackles over
the feet of the captives. The sport is
a dangerous one, for the enraged ele
phants sometimes crush tho hunters
under their feet,
I'eedinK nn Obstinate Ostrich.
The ostrich which the King seat
from Windsor to the Zoo some tina’
ago, has shown his disapproval of a: '
change of quarters by going off F s
feed. To prevent him committing l '"-'
cide by starvation the keepers l a ' e
consequently found it necessary 10
resort to a process of “stuffing.'’
While beeper holds the bird ' n a
or.e gained
corner another, with deftness
by long practice, seizes the upper l i:
of the beak with one hand and causes
the ostrich to open his mouth.
ho thrusts do thc unwilling tin- a
, vn ^
a lar g e hall of nouris hirg food.
the 0StrJch is left to digest it at
leisure.—London Express.