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HE CLAYTON TRIBUNE. CLAYTON, GEORGIA. HE recent loss of life In the Seng- henydd colliery, Wales, affords an other example of the explosive na ture of coal dust. The public has heard a good deal about the dan gers oi firedamp and of Its dread ed aftermath, chok'edamp, which speedily overcomes its confused victims. I^ess haB been said of the dangers of coal dust, but they are becoming better appreciated and measures to protect miners from them are being devised. The bureau of mines at Washington has lately been doing good work in its studies of the ex- plosibility of coal dust and in allied experiments seeking to find practical ways to lessen casualties from this cause. What American officials have done in this direction has been an amplification of similar efforts abroad. A surprising feature of tho whole subject is that the danger lurking in this dust wan so long unsuspected. In fact, for many years people actually refused to recognize any menace in this material. It was not until convincing evidence was adduced by the scenlific investigator that the stubbornness of generations gave way. Then unbelief sur rendered before the indisputable proof of the dan gers of coal dust when floating in the air. According to the recent report of a British government committee, "it may now be consid ered established beyond all doubt that coal dust suspended in the air is capable of being ignited without the presence of any inflammable gas and of spreading an explosion throughout the dusty galleries of mines.” The first requirement is that the dust shall be stirred up by some means and mixed with the air In cloud-like form. When ignited in this state it is capable of producing just such destructive effects as are so often observed after a colliery disaster. Why is this stuff dangerous? Briefly, the chemists say that it is because there is more surface for the oxygen to attack, and this action induces heat. According to the British research commission, "the degree of inflammability of any combustible material can be defined as the rela tive ease with which its oxidation can be effected so as to produce flame.’’ In other words, the finer the dust from any particular kind of coal the greater its Inflammability. The best evidence of this lies in the fact that a sample of coal which ordinarily would not ignite until it had been exposed to a temperature of 3,0G5 degrees centigrade would, when in the form of dust, explode at a temperature of 5G0 degrees centigrade, flunpewder explodes at a tempera ture of aao degrees centigrade, so you can see how closely coal dust is allied to gunpowder. We have been burning coal for hundreds of years and yet there is a lot about it wo do not know. In fact, the true chemical nature of this fuel remains largely a mystery. Investigators have shown that coal is not the simple sub stance it was once thought to be. In fact, it is a compound of vegetable cellulose, which forms its base, cemented by the changed resins and gums of the primordial plants. The latter bodies are readily decomposed at comparatively low temperatures and it is from this part of the coal that the first of the explosive gases come. When coal is in the form of a dust it is in the condi tion to respond quickest to the action of heat. You have Been the cloud of dust advancing along a country road ahead of a coming storm. Well, an explosion in a mine virtually duplicates this occurrence. The explosion sets up disturbing air currents and these stir up the coal dust in the outlying galleries. What follows? That initial blast heats the dust to the point of ignition and the fine particles mixed with tho air become an explosive. It flashes up at once and transmits kindred ■waves throughout the whole range of the dust cloud, and' in this fashion generates a series of explosions which are successively fed by the whirling dust that they disturb. It is substantially a chain of explosions which lengthens to the furthest limits of the available fuel upon which it feeds. The heedlessly bared flame of a miner's lamp may start the ball rolling, either by igniting a s small volume of firedamp or by setting oft a cloud of coal dust which has been created by a miner’s blast. Undoubtedly many of the worst colliery disasters have been more directly due to coal dust than to any other cause, and yet fire damp was until quite recently held responsible for most of these catastrophies. It did not occur to the miners or to their employers that the gath ering particles of coal were a source of danger. The operatives were too busy getting out mer chantable coal to give any heed to the accumulat ing dust. And yet., as we have seen, the mine gal leries were slowly but surely becoming little less perilous than magazines of powder. Once the hazard was realized the mining world cast about for preventive agencies. Naturally the first remedy seemed to be water, and mine road ways were liberally saturated to lay the dust and thus prevent its rising so as to form an explosive mixture with the atmosphere. In lieu of this the next precaution was in the form of tlustless zones, the powdery particles be ing scrupulously removed for a considerable dis tance. The idea was to establish in this manner a sort of void through which expdosive waves could not he propagated. Theoretically this is all right, but again the ventilating air currents carry with them a measure of coal dust and make it impracticable to maintain the defensive zones. Just how some one stumbled on the idea of di luting coal dust with a non-explosive dust is not a matter of history, but somebody did conceive the plan, and tho vaiue of this remedy is daily growing in favor because of its effectiveness. In general terms the German mino authorities touched upon this method as far back as 1884, but the subject was not brought forward scien tifically until after the explosion in the Altofts colliery, England, two years later. W. E. Garforth was the mine manager. While traveling through the underground Workings after an explosion of coal dust he noticed that although great damage had been done in some places there were at others no perciptible destructive ef fects. Curiously, Just at these apparently im mune places fine stone dust had been whirled into the air with great violence and then settled upon the roadways like a thick carpet. Mr. Garforth noticed this peculiarity on other occasions and came to the conclusion that stone dust, might be useful to dilute coal dust and so render the latter harmless, just in the same fashion as air is used to dilute firedamp. A fine example of how well rock dust may be distributed by natural means is to be seen in tho northern Illinois long wall field, where the bits of shale that fall from the roof and the pack walls keep the coal dust covered up. Explosions have never happened in this district, though min ing has been going on there for over 40 years. It took the British some years before they reached the point of action, but in July, 1908, ex periments on a large scale with stone dust were commenced on the completion of the Altofs re search gallery, Mr. Garforth being placed in charge. This gallery consisted of a tube 000 feet in length, having a diameter of seven and a half feet and being built of the shells of disused boil ers, and for more than two years investigations were carried out with the most painstaking care. It was proved conclusively that the admixture of an incombustible dust with the coal dust ren dered the initiation of an explosion correspond ingly difficult to effect. At the Woolwich testing gallery, the ordnance center of the British gov ernment, it was found that coal dust containing a large proportion of shale was insensitive to ignition by means of a charge of gunpowder. In these latter experiments sensitive coal dust was rendered inert by an admixture with 85 per cent, of shale dust. But this seemed to call for too much protective stone dust to make the method practicable. The Belgian authorities have set the pace in this matter. They did it by placing boards in the mine galleries just under the roof in the form of shelves and upon these they laid heaps of incom bustible dust, not fine enough to be disturbed by the normal air currents. They allowed something like nine bushels per square yard of working. There was left sufficient space above the top of the dust heap for the blast of an explosion to sweep over the pile and thus to blow It broadcast in a cloud. Thus the same destructive blast that would otherwise have stirred up the coal dust and ignited, it was made to set in motion an antidote which smothered the inflammable particle of coal. European experiments have shown that a 40 jirr centjLaditixture of stone dust with coal dust was sufficient to prevent an explosion. Of course this depends upon the chemical nature of the coal, and tho results so far obtained are the re ward of the first efforts to lessen this hazard. It is quite probable that some kindred but less bulky medium will be discovered that will answer bet ter. In fact a 2 per cent, mixture of sodium bi carbonate has a very remarkable smothering or checking effect. VIgW SHOWING AggJLGK cm mg SgTYG'/igTIYDD Fteg Wlg/f SAHDBSGS AND TUICJ' A SCHOOL FOR BRIDES New York East Side Innovation Which Has Proved a Wonderful Success. Could anything bo more practical than a little three-room flat outfitted as a model home, tho whole affair being use as a school for brides? St. George's church—picturesque old landmark of Stuyvesant square—has opened such a school, with two sessions a day, says the New York Mail. And maybe it isn't a success! Also, maybe it Is. Mrs. Herbert Satterlee, daughter of the late J. P. Morgan, presented the school to St. George's Memorial house through the city mission commit tee of the church, which is jomposed of women as kind as they are wealthy. It was intended for “children more than twelve years old," for it is the children of congested East side neighborhoods who are the teachers of their parents ' when It comes to matters of modern household art. Older girls heard of it, however, and clamored for admission to the classes. New little brides heard of it and, longing to start their married life aright, alBO clamored. Now, Miss Jessio M<j- Cutcheon says, the school threatens to outgrow its allotted space and spread all over the neighbor hood. MIsb McCutcheon, from Edinburgh, Scotland, is the teacher. In a blue gingham house frock and white cap that hides a mass of wonderous gold hair, she puts her pupils through the daily duties or a “three-room'' household and Incidentally feeds them a jolly good meal. Everything in the three rooms could be bought for $100. Yet they are perfectly and sanitarily furnished and illustrate a comfortable home for a small family. One bedroom has a double deck bed. Here four tots can sleep comfortably, two by two, laid scru pulously head to feet. There 1b a crib, too, for there’s always a baby. A chiffonier contains all the children's clothing and they are taught to keep It there. In a corner Is a homemade closet with gay chintz curtains and a pine shelf a foot from the floor for shoes. On top alt a row of pasteboard millinery boxes resplendent In wall paper overcoats, and as orna mental as you please. Cleanliness is dinned into tho pupils and tho joys of washstand and the toothbrush emphasized. "There’s a place for everything," is the slogan, and every student heeds it. The living room contains a couch dressed in gay chintz by day, but opening double at night by a single twist of the wrist. Another curtained ward robe Is in this room, for ma's and pa’s best clothes, with the usual shoe shelf. The chairs are of white pine of the common or 75-cent variety, grandly stained with brown, which cost only 50 cents a can and was enough to stain chairs, table, shelves and floor. In the kitchen everything is scrubable. Fivo- cent fruit jars serve as holders for cereals, sugar, flour, dried peas, beans, etc. On the window sill is a "cold weather refrigerator" made of a box with an oilcloth curtain. All windows of the flat are curtained In snowy cross bar muslin, cheap, pretty, durable and easi ly kept clean. At top of the windows is a plaited frill of Bix-lnch blue checked gingham and it is amazing how stylish it looks. The wholo place is spick and span and as fas cinating as a newly furnished doll house. Each room is the basis of a lesson. Miss Mc Cutcheon drills her classes first In tho making of coffee and toast, and the preparation of a cereal, for breakfast. Then comes the airing and tidying up of tho “living room,” which i3 made completely ready so that there will always be one spot where company can be received, no matter how soon it rw be after breakfast ,r ' v en the childrens bedroom is tackled. After that tho scene of operations is In tho kitchen. This Interests the pupils most of all. Simple but nutritious dishes are prepared. Stew Is a favorite; also potato soup, bread pudding, custard, rice cakes, prunes and boiled apricots. Plain, cheap fare, easy cooked and to digest, is the order of the model kitchen, and little Scotch Miss McCutcheon manages to put many a nug get of useful philosophy into her household les sons. “Is it all appreciated?*’ she' exclaimed, in reply to a query. “Well, I should say it was. It’s al most pathetic to see how eager tho East aiders are to learn good living. They fairly drink in the lessons, and a trip through the neighborhood would soon prove to you that they profit by every word. I believe any bride who modeled her home after this three-room flat would be assured of a happy and prosperous married life!” HOW NAPOLEON DIED Additional Particulars Given by Grandson of Medical Attendant. Some interesting additions to the last chapter in the life of Napoleon—the five and a half years lie spent on the island of St. Helena—are made by L. M. Shortt, the grandson of Dr. Thomas Shortt, who was principal medical officer on the island during the last months of Napoleon's life, says London Tit-Bits. Two mouths before the death of “tho little Corsican,” which took place uhout ten minutes before G o’clock on the evening of May 5, 1821, Napoleon was told that a splendid mansion had been completed for him on the Island, to which he could move at any time. Napoleon, however, regarded the building with horror, and would never go into It. Dr. Shortt, and those obliged to be on the spot, had beds In the mansion, being its first inhabitants. Napoleon developed many eccentricities before Ills death. It was with the greatest difficulty that he could he persuaded to take either food or medi cine. Indeed. Dr. Shortt had to invent a plan to make Napoleon take medicine without his know ing it. By this means the doctor managed to give him ten grains of calomel, and he derived advantage from the medicine, but his strength declined rap idly and his existence soon terminated. Dr. Shortt mentions, in the English Keview, that Na poleon would allow no stranger to approach him, and, although he continued in consultation until Napoleon died, he did not see him until after his death. A post-mortem examination revealed the fact that Napoleon's body was a perfect mass of disease from cancer. His father died when younger than himself of the same dinease, so that It was here ditary and unconnected with climate or the mode of life he led at St. Helena. There is little doubt that he would have shared the same fate had he been seated on the throne of Franco. It is said that Napoleon’s sister, the Princess Borghese, sut fered from the same disease, and Bonaparte was anxious that his own symptoms should be fully ascertained for the purpose of being useful to his child, who might inherit from him the complaint A Doctor’s First Question Is ? “How arc Your Bowelst” A Sim ple Remedy that Guarantees Good Bowel Action. Trace the origin of the commoner ills of life and almost invariably you will find that constipation was the cause. It Is not to be expected that a mass of fermented food can remain in tho system beyond its time without vi tiating the blood and affecting the nerves and muscles. It congests the entire body. The results are colds, fevers, piles, headaches, and nervousness, with its accompanying indigestion and sleep lessness. There is only one thing to do, and that is to remove the trouble; and when nature seems unable to do it, outside aid is necessary. You will find the best of all outside aids a rem edy that many thousands are now us ing for this very purpose, called Dr. Caldwell’s Syrup Pepsin. Many hun dreds of letters are received by Dr. Caldwell telling of the good results obtained, and among the enthusiastic , letters is one from Lieut. G. W. Vaughan, of G23 W. North St., Decatur. Ill. He is 72 and has had a bad liver and stomach since he came out of the army. He says he tried about every thing, but never succeeded in getting permanent relief until he took Dr. Caldwell’s Syrup Pepsin. He is never without a bottle in the house, and he is never without good health. It has untold advantages over pills, salts and the various coarse cathartics LIEUT. G. W. VAUGHAN and purgatives, for while these do but temporary good, Syrup Pepsin cures permanently. The effect of its action is to train the stomach and bowel muscles to do their work naturally again, and in a short time all forms of medicine can be dispensed with. It can be bought without inconvenience at any nearby drug store for fifty cents and one dollar a bottle, the latter size bqing regularly bought by those who already know its value. Results are always guaranteed or money will be refunded. Families wishing to try a free sam ple bottle can obtain it postpaid by ad dressing Dr. W. B. Caldwell, 203 Wash ington St., Mouticello, Ill. A postal card with your name and address on It will do. Common Form of Insanity. A party of Clevelanders entertained some holiday visitors and having showed them everything interesting in Cleveland proper they had to take them to Newburg for a view of the asylum. The superintendent was in a genial frame of mind and he con ducted the bunch personally. "Here is a queer case, ladies,” he said, pausing at a particular cell. "This man has the delusion that he possesses the moti ve power that runs the universe. He is perfectly harm less, but he actually believes that without him the world would not move. Strange notion, isn’t it?” "Why, not at all!” exclaimed one of the women. “My husband has the same idea and lie always has had it. Is he crazy, too?" SALTS IF BACKACHY OR KIDNEYS TROUBLE YOU Blame Located. A crabbed old misogynist said to Ethel Barrymore at a dinner in Bar Harbor: “Woman! Feminism! Suffrage! Bah! Why, there isn't a woman alivf* who wouldn’t rather be beautiful than intelligent.” "That's because,” said Miss Barry more, calmly, "so many men are stu pid while so few are blind.” — Eat Less Meat If Your Kidneys Aren’t Acting Right or If Back Hurts or Bladder Bothers You. When you wake up with backache ! and dull misery in the kidney region it generally means you have been eat- ing_too much meat, says a well-known ! authority. Meat forms uric acid which overworks the kidneys in their effort to filter it from the blood and they be- I come sort of paralyzed and loggy. When your kidneys get sluggish and | clog you must relieve them, like you relieve your bowels; removing all the | body’s urinous waste, else you have i backache, sick headache, dizzy spells; your stomach sours, tongue is coated, ! and when the weather is bad you have j rheumatic twinges. The urine is cloudy, full of sediment, channels oft en get sore, water scalds and you are obliged to seek relief two or three j times during the night. Either consult a good, reliable physi- j cian at once or get from your pharma- i cist about four ounces of Jad Salts; take a tablespoonful in a glass of water before breakfast for a few days and your kidneys will then act fine. This famous salts is made from the acid of grapes and lemon juice, com bined with lithia, and has been used for generations to clean and stimulate sluggish kidneys, also to neutralize acids in the urine so it no longer irri tates, thus ending bladder weakness. Jad Salts is a life saver for regular meat eaters. It is inexpensive, cannot ’injure and makes a delightful, effer vescent lithin-water drink.—Adv. TAKES OFF DANDRUFF HAIR STOPS FALLING Girls! Try This! Makes Hair Thick, Glossy, Fluffy, Beautiful—No More Itching Scalp. Within ten minutes after an appli cation of Danderine you canuot find a qingle trace of dandruff or falling hair and your scalp will not itch, but what will please you most will be after a few weeks’ use, when you see new hair, fine and downy at first ^yes—but really new hair—growing gll over the scalp. A little Danderine immediately dou bles the beauty of your hair. No dif ference how dull, faded, brittle and scraggy, just moisten a cloth with Danderine and carefully draw It through your hair, taking one small strand at a time. The effect is amaz ing—your hair will bo light, fluffy and wavy, and have an appearance of abundance; an incomparable luster, softness and luxuriance. Get a 25 cent bottle of Knowlton’s Danderine from any store, and prove that your hair is as pretty and soft as any—that it has been neglected or injured by careless treatment—that’s all—you surely can have beautiful hair and lots of it if you will just try a lit tle Danderine. Adv. Deadly Work of Scorpion. Some scorpion bites cause little more than burning pain and numbness in the part affected for a few days. But the more poisonous varieties cause death, and that especially, when they sting young children or de bilitated old people. The lower class es of people in Mexico suffer more than the weli-to-do, because of their custom of going about half naked most of the time. Had the Proof. Stonemmason (in box describing as sault)—He walks into my yard and rams me up agen one o' me own stones. Counsel—Did he hurt you? Stonemason—Hurt me! Why, I've got "sacred to the memory of" stamp ed all down me back.—Tatler. Putnam Fadeless Dyes will last un til the goods wear out. Adv. Fragile. Little Elsie after being lectured')— Mamma, the commandments break awful easy, don’t they? Actors imitate mankind; amateurs imitate actors. RUB-MY-TISM Will cure your Rheumatism and all kinds of aches and pains—Neuralgia, Cramps, Colic, Sprains, Bruises, Cute, Old Sores. Burns, etc. Antiseptic Anodyne. Price 25c.—Adv. Stinging. “Er—ah, beg your pardon, miss, but haven't you lost something?” began the would-be flirt. "No, 1 haven’t. But there goes a lady with a dog chain. It's probably her you’re looking for." Astonishing Tolmcco Rrmetly — GnamnU'ed u> mr.iuntly remove taste for clffurettus or tobacco any form, or money cheerfully refunded. Head “ medy by return mall. The only exercise some people get is throwing bouquets at themselveB. That Weak Back nccoixipunitrd by pain here vr there—extreme nervousness— sleeplessness—may be faint & pel la—or spasms—all are signals of distress for a woman. She may be growing from girlhood into womanhood*—passing from womanhood to motherhood—or later Buffering from that change into middle life which leaves so many * wrecks of women. At any or all of these periods of a woman’s life " ehe should take a tonic and nervine prescribed for just Buch cases by a physician of vast experience in the disease# of women. DR. PIERCE’S Favorite Prescription baa successfully treated more cases in past forty years than any other known remedy. 14 can now be bad in sugar-coated, tablet form ns well as in the liquid. Sold by medicina dealers or trial box by mail on receipt of 50 cents in stamps. Miss Elisabeth Lordahl of Berkeley, Cal., in a recent letter to Dr. Pierce said: “I was completely' brokendowninheslth.Iwaiachlngand had painsallovermy body and was ao nervous that I could icresm if anyone talked to me, but 1 had the (rood fortune to meet a nurae who had been cured by Dr Pferce'a Prescription. I have never had an occasion to ccnault a physician einoe—am In excellent health.” Brer and boweJn — aumir )Ueta rental -coated, tli tiny (raanlee