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<1, A. WILLIAMS, Proprietor
THE GAZETTE: TIFTON,
NOVEMBER 8,
preventing tna return of ' blood from
that organ; and partial snSocation from
pressure on the windpipe.
Collars of all varieties have each
their votaries, but we consider none
better than those lined with leather
next the skin, when kept clean and free
from skin secretions, which if allowed
to remain on the collar, becomes hard
and rough, and then produces irrita-
Boss Destroying Cabbage-Harnessing and ^ To keep the shoulders in good
Gearing a Mule to.the Plow-How to ^ M8ycnt galllM-uresum-
ng tnat the oollar fits—it is a good rts.e
Commissioner Nesbitt’s Inquiry
Box For the Mt^nth.
mi, IMPOETANT INFORMATION.
Prevent Smut In Wheat—Keeping Wee
vils Oat of Corn—When to Plant Oats,
Etc.—Other Matters of Interest*
■ Question i—I enclose a plant which
is getting common in the pastures and
fields of this section : Please name and
tell how to get rid of it , B. M.
Answer 1. —The enclosed speoimen
is the wild carrol (Caucus Carols). It
1 is found in nearly all the states, east of
the Mississippi river, and is rapidly
spreading over the entire country;
seeming to thrive on all soils and in all
climates.
It flowers from June to September.
The seed are distributed by becoming
attached to animans, and thns being
- carried about; or remaining on the
plant until winter, arc blown consid
erable distances by the wind. The
seeds retain their hard covering.
In permanent pasture, mowing the
plants as often as the flowers appear,
will eventually destroy them. Or the
root may be cut off several iuches bo-
low the surface of the ground which
will .usually kill them at once : Or the
plauts may be pulled by hand when the
ground is wet: this is probably the
surest way of getting rid of this weed.
The wild oarrot is not often trouble
some in cultivated fields.
Question 2.—I send you some bugs
which have been eating my cabbages
and turnips. Please uanio them and tell
me how to get rid ot them.
L. H., Taylor county, G-a.
Answer —The bugs are Harle
quin Cabbage Bngs (Murgantia His-
trionica), so called from the gay,
harlequin-like manner, in which the
black and yellow colors are ar
ranged upou their bodies. It feeds
upon cabbage, turnips, radish and mus
tard plants, and its ravages as a rale are
bonflned to the states.seuth of ‘Pennsyl
vania. The first eggs are hatched out in
April or May and this brood at once be
gins its work of destruction by sucking
the sap.tram the leaves. They are
timid and quickly hide behind the most
convenient stem or leaf of the plant
they are feeding on. In this section
there are several broods each season.
The most efficient remedy is to de
stroy the brood that lives over winter
when they congregate upon the mnstard
or radish plants. Then they can be de
stroyed very easily by the application of
kerosene by means of a common water
ing pot.
If these bags are thus destroyed early
in the season it will almost entirely pre
vent injury later. These insoots fly but
little and are thus not apt to come from
neighboring fields.
All bugs and eggs which may be seen
on cabbage plants should bo picked off
and destroyed. Clean cultivation and
burning of ail rubbish in and about tho
garden are important preventive meas
ures.
» 111 the spring and fall many of those
bugs may be trapped by laying cabbage
or turnip leaves between the rows; the
insects will harbor under these and may
be collected and destroyed each morn
ing.
Quesion 3.-Give me some advice about
harnessing and gearing a mule in the
plow? D.
Answer 3.—The following article
contains mnoh good advioe on the
subject of harness. “It may appear
trifling to make allusion to the har
ness of a plantation mule as it is
ordinarily so scant, bat, be that as it
may, there is qnite sufficient, when
not properly adjusted, to be responsi
ble for a large mortality among planta
tion moles.
In considering this topio we will havo
to include almost the whole gears, es
pecially that used in the plow, and we
will commence with tho bits, or rather
the fitting of the bits whioh is important.
The points to observe are, that they fit
the month and are neither too wide nor
- too narrow. Tho mouthpiece requires
. fitting with care; it should be about the
breadth of two fingers above the corner
teeth. They are often plaoed so high
in the mouth as to out the angles of the
Ups; the angles should not even be
wrinkled.
Collars.—Fitting a collar for draught
purposes is a point of hygienio import
ance. The main things to attend to
' are, that it has an even bearing on the
shoulders; that it is deep enough be
low, so as to avoid any pressure on the
windpipe and the blood vessels of the
to have the drivers bathe the shoulder*
with a little cold water eaoh time the
collars are taken off. This could easily
be done at the drinking trough when
the mules are being watered. '
Backhands and tracer No part of
the plow gear produces so mnch perma
nent injury or loss as the backhand.
The importance of the proper adjust
ment of the backhand mtj be some-
what appreciated, when w.e state that
on one plantation, withiu our knowl
edge, 'eleven or twelve fine mules were
lost from paralysis of the hind extrem
ities, due to severe and continued pros
sure on the spine over the loins.
It is not an unusual Bight to sea
mules hitched to tho plow with the
back bands over the loins, behind tho
last rib, where there is the least sup
port to the back, not only pulling, but
lifting the plow with this, tho weakest
part. As a matter of faot, the only
proper function of a backhand is to
prevent the traces falling amongst the
animal’s feet whoa tho tension is taken
off them.
Placing the backhand beyond the last
rib is a most dangerous procedure, and
is the cause of the death of many a val
uable male. »
The trace shonld have a straight pull
from its attachment to' the humes to
the single trace; there should be no an
gles in it at all. If there are, it is
an indication of undue pressure on tho
back. If there is a necessity for any
portion of the baok having to bear
weight, the band with blocks on either
side of the spine, or that which curves
over the spine, is preferable to tho plain
backhand, a3 the one has no direct bear
ing on the spinal column; the other has.
More attention paid to tho proper goar-
iug of our animals would often prevent
serious loss.
Question 4—I havo lost several head
of young oattle lately. They swell on
the neck or loins, look dull and droop
ing, refuse to eat, are constipated, urine
high colored and have died in from 13
to 24 hours. What is the disease and
what can I do for it? K.
Answer. —From yonr description
your oattle have died of anthrax,
a disease known in different lo
calities as “bloody murrain." “blaok
leg,” “black tongue," “oharbon,” etc.
It is a common disease, attacking not
only cattle, but other animals as well.
I remember in 1850, when the "black
tongue,” as it was called, swept over
Florida and South Georgia, killing a
number of cattle and almost extermi- !
uating the deer, which at that timo woro
very numerous. A gentleman from
Florida told me that during a day spout
in the woods looking after his cattle, ho
counted over 30 dead deer, and saw oth
ers walking about aimlessly, roudorod
tame by tho disoass with which thoy
were suffering.-
The causes of this disease are usually
traceable to stagnant ditohes, swamps,
eta the water in whioh has been low
ered by a long period of dronth, also to
food or water that has been tainted
with decaying animal or vegetable mat
ter and contagion. The disease is most ;
common in flat districts, where during
dry seasons ponds and pools of stag
nant water are found and tho decompos
ing vegetable matters are exposed. This
is essentially a disease of the blood and
is practically confined to young cattle,
rarely attacking an animal over two
years of ago.
In this disease, prevention is better
than cure, os there is little hopo of sav
ing an animal after the disease is con
tracted, a few houTs usually bringing
a fatal termination Three-drachm
doses of chlorate of potassium, dissolv
ed in water and given every three hours,
is good treatment, and it the animal if
weak give in addition whiskey and qui
nine.
Change the pasture at once, when this
disease appears, to one on higher ground
if possible, and with purer water. Sep
arate the siek animate fro* the rest.
Bury deeply all oattle that die, or bet
ter still, burn the carcasses.
The sheds or stables where animals
have been confined shonld be thorough
ly cleaned and sprinkled with quick
lime, and the woodwork, walls, etc.,
washed with ,a solution of chloride of
lime, four ounces to a gallon of. water.
This disease can be contracted by man,
Question 5.—What cant do to pre
vent smut in wheat ?
M., White county.
Answer 5 —This question is one of
much importance as' there is consid
erable loss every year in tho state,
from this canse. In the first place,
always seleot yonr seed froth wheat
that has fully ripened before harvest
ing./This point is frequently neglect
ed, and the seed selected from grain
cqt only half ripe, thus inviting dis
eases of various kinds.
Previous to sowing make a string
brine of salt and soft water, and in this
the grain should be washed for five
minutes, taking oare to skim off the
light wheat and foreign seeds which
will float. Repeat this washing in an
other clean brine, and when taken oat
mix thoroughly the wheat with one
twelfth its bulk of fresh pulverized
quick lime. This kills smut-, oleans out
woods from the grain, and promotes
early, rapid growth. Von can of conrso
use the same brine over and over again.
Now don’t say this is too muoh
trouble, and go ahead sowing weed
seed, smutty wheat etc. There is noth
ing to bo had in this world without
trouble and labor, and in this case the
resulting bonefit moro than compen
sates for tho labor given.
v Another way to prevent smut in
whoat and oats, is to immorse tho % seed
for five minutes in water at a tempera
ture of 135 to 140 degroo.s. Dry beforo
sowing. This treatment seemB to kill
all the smut germs, without injuring
the vitality of the wheat.
The method of using the remedy is
very simple, and merely consists of
pouring the substance over the top of
tho tile of corn, when the vapor from it
being heavier than air, sinks through
the grain, permeating the entire balk
of corn, and killing all, or nearly all
the weevils iu the orib. This substance
is exceedingly inflammable, and no fire
of any description, including a lighted
pipe or cigar, should be brought near it,
until all the odor of the bisulphide has
passed away. This will take place iu a
very few days. The only danger in
the nse of this simple remedy against'
the weevil, is the. danger from fire,
whioh can be roadily guarded against
by ordinary care. I trust that this pre
ventive will be largely used in Georgia,
this season, aud that it may prove en
tirely successful. It is so highly reo-
ommended, and so strongly indorsod,
that, though I have had no praotioal
experionpe with it, I am convinced that
if properly applied, it will proteot ooru
from the weevils, aud every farmer iu
tho state, and particularly iu South
Georgia, knows what a boon that will
be. Tho bisulphide can be obtained at
the drag storos, whioh should, be able
to soil it at 20 to 25 cents a pound. The
department would be glad to hear of
the rosult from farmers, that try this
plan. Don’t forgot that tho closer and
tighter the crib, tho better the result,
c
Pennsylvania For Sound Money.
In spite of tho'effortsof a small clique
of silverites in Philadelphia tho Repub
lican state convention of Pennsylvania
adopted a platform which declares
Question 0 —Shall I plant oats now strongly and clearly against tho free
neck; thaf it does not pinch from side - therefore great care should be token iu
to side, and that the traces should not handling a siek animal or a dead car-
be attached to it too near the point of j cass, as a scratch or sore on the hands
the shoulder. The evils of a badly fit- might bo the means of oausiug inocula
ting collar are great, such as collar- | lotion. After any exposure tho hands
galls or aoreshoulders;congestion of the ] should be washed with a weak eolation
brain from pressure on the jugulars • 0 f carbolic acid.
er would it be bettor to wait until after
Christmas ? J. B.
Answer 0.—There is a difference of
opinion among farmers on this point,
mauy claiming that on ocoouut of tho
danger of cold killing the crop it is hot
ter to wait until February beforo plant
ing. Carrying out this theory to its ul
timate conclusion, tliore would bo no
oats planted until all danger of sovero j
cold was past. Oats planted after |
Christmas undoubtedly yield well some j
years, notably so this year, when even
March sowing iu most cases made a good ,
crop. But as "one swallow doos not
mako summer," neither doos the result
of ouo year’s crop establish a precedent
by which wo should bo guided. Oar
farmers havo boon in such financial
straits for some yoars, oil accouut of tho
low price of cotton, that as a rule they
oould uot afford to ruu tho risk of having
their oats killed, aud the consequence
has boon a genera! rosort to spring
planting.
In my opinion this is a mistake. Oats
should, if possible, .be planted the last of
Soptambor or the first part of Ootobor,
and if put in at that timo with a tarn
plow on fair land they will not bo killed
moro than one yoar in five, and the total
of tho four crops that osoapo tho oold
will bo much greater than the total of
ilvo spring planted crops. If the crop
oannot bo pnt in at tho right time, then
put it in as soon ns you can, whether it
be in November or Dccombor, for ns
most of our cold comes in January or i
February, tho oats sowed in Novoinbor
or December will bo oldor and bettor
rooted and therefore harder to kill than
oats sown in January. f
Another point in favor of fall sowing!
is this: Shonld tho first crop bo killed, j
a second sowing on tho same laud (by
reason of tho laud being plowed and
then thoroughly pulverized by the cold, j
would probably result in a crop suffi
ciently good to pay for the cost of both
sowings.
Another plan followed by Bomo good
farmers is to pat in, during tho fall, half
tho land they intend to sow, reserving
theother half for spring planting. Thera
aro some advantages in this plan, but on
tho wholo, I hollovo it is best to sow oats
in this state about the first of October,
or as soon thereafter as is practicable.
Question 7.—Is there any way to
keep weevils out of corn ?
Answer 7—Daring many yoars of
planting in southwest Georgia tho wee
vils annually destroyed a largo percent
age of the corn crop after it was pat in
the orib. All the varions remedies, ouch
as salt water, walnut leaves, leavos of
the China treo, lime, etc., wero tried,
without suouoss. The damage was
greater some years than others, but
must have averaged quite 15 per oent.
Now that the state, particularly South
Georgia, has housed a splendid corn
qrop, it it important to the farmers to
know how to save it from the ravages of
tho weevil. Tho bisulphide of oarbon,
properly applied, will destroy all wee
vils in the crib after the corn is housed,
and jt will then keep sound and good
nutii used np
Tho preventive is simply and easily
applied, and is better done after the
ooru is all pnt in the crib, than making
different applications after every few
loads. If the orib is a tight one, one
pound of the bisulphide to every fifty
bushels of corn will be auflloiont If
the crib is open--as most of oar cribs
are—a llttio more of the bisulphide will
be necessarv.
coinage delusion. After indorsing inter
national bimetallism tho plank reads as
follows:
Wo opposo tho debasement of the na
tional currency by the admission cf sil
ver to freo and unlimited coinage at tho
rate of 10 to 1, for tho reason that if
such a policy bo adopted it will uot bo
possible to maintain tlio purity of values
of tho two metals, and tho purchasing
aud debt paying power of tho dollar,
whether of silver, gold or paper, cannot
continue to be equal.
— • ♦
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MON
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J. H. Zeilin & Co., Philadelphia.
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