Newspaper Page Text
I Uses and Abuses of Fertilizers I
By Prof, R. J. H. De Loach, Director of Georgia Experiment Station.
1. THE USE OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS—HISTORY.
Y The First of a Series of Six Articles.
We would not be disposed to try to give a complete history of the use of
commercial fertilizers, but only to show how this great industry began and
grew in the Southern United States. Generally speaking, the farmers of this
generation inherited the habit of applying fertilizers to soils, but have not
been taught the underlying principles of the industry.
The use of some kind of manures on soils with crops for the purpose of in
creasing the yields goes back to ancient times. We know that many ancient
people applied animal manures to their soils for this purpose, The Chinese,
centuries ago, applied manures of various kinds to their soils and gardens and
with phenomenal results. In Von Tshudi’s Travels in Peru we find that as
early as the middle of the last century notes were being taken on the actual
value of Guano by the Peruvians.
Bousingault speaks of seeing fields in Peru on which wheat grew every
year for two centuries, and the yield still high and the growers prosperous.
The practice of using mineral fertilizers was introduced direct from Pe
ru to the United States in the year 1846, and was based on such reports
as we find above. It had already been used in England before it found its
way into the United States, but Peru seems to be the country in which the
application of minerals to soils as plant food originated. We do not
know this 'is true, but all evidence points to this. It is of greater interest
to us therefore that we know about the customs in Peru.
The First Use of Peruvian Guano.
The first man in the Southern States to use this Peruvian guano was David
Dickson, of Sparta, Ga., who saw an advertisement of it in the old Ameri
can Farmer published in Baltimore. The South has perhaps never had a
more successful farmer thar David Dixon, who made many millions of
dollars farming, and who was a pioneer in many other lines as well as in
the use of mineral fertilizers. In the year 1846, the year after it was intro
duced into the United States, he bought three sacks and used it, and on find
ing that it paid him, bought it in increasing quantities till the year 1855
and 1856, when he “went into it fully.” As is suggested above this is no
doubt the first instance of the use of a concentrated mineral fertilizer on
cotton in the United States.
| The universal success with which Mr. Dickson met in the use of this Pe
{ ruvian guano led many other prominent farmers to follow his example,
"and in every reported case, success followed its use. We are constrained
to believe -that the application of this mineral fertilizer to the
cotton and other crops in the South could not possibly have been an acci
aent. g snecess was unquestionably based on the actual needs of the soil,
A quickly available manure was what the crop needed, and when this was
onee applied results were evident,
After s time it was found that the Peruvian guano, which contained prin
cipally nitrogen, produced too much stalk and not much increase in the
yield of fruit, and hence its use was somewhat discouraged for a season.
; The First Use of German Potash.
About this time the war between the States began, and at the same
time the discovery of the potash beds of Germany, also, the offering on the
market of various kinds of mineral fertilizers resulting from the teach
ings of Von Liebig of Germany, who was at that time the greatest cham
pion in the world of agriculture and its possibilities. As a result the pop
ularity of Peruvian guano subsided and more study was given to the gen
eral question of the use of mineral manures, both by farmers themselves
and the students of agriculture.
Two great contributing factors to the rise of the fertilizer trade in the
South are' first the abolition of slavery, and second, the rise of agricul
tural education. Before the war the question of land was secondary. If
growing farm crops in the South “wore the land out,” there were plexty of
slaves to “take in more land” It was cheaper to take in land thap to pay
for any artificial manure. In 1862, the Morrill Bill passed Congress,
creating agricultural colleges in the various states, after which there be
gan a campaign for impreving methods in agriculture. Experiments at
public expense were begun on a small scale, and the public was induced to
make greater use of plant foods of all kinds, as well as to improve methods
of tillage. This, of course, caused an immediate increase in the use of min
eral plant foods, and out of which grew demands for great quantities of
fertilizers. From this great demand there sprang up fertilizer factories in
all parts of the ccuntry. All kinds of materials were tried out, some was
good, and some wis not, but much of both kinds used. The factories had
no restricticns and many of them palmed off on the farmers anything that |
would smell strong and that could be put in sacks. This condition on ac
count of state laws did not, last long. We begin the next article by giving
resume of the part taken in the rise of the trade by the states themselves.
AMERICUS MAY ENTER
TRIANGLE HIGWAY TOUR
Americus, Ga., March 14.—Several
Americus cars will likely participate
in the Triangle Highway tour, which
has been called for March 16, 17 and
18 by President L. R. Aiken, of Bruns
swick. The route of this highway
“forms a triangle, from Macon (o Bain
“pridge, via Americus, thence to Bain
‘bridge, to Brunswicl, thence back to
Macon.
The leg of the route from Macon to
Bainbridge is in fine condition, as it
DonGe JROTHERS
MOTOR CAR
The all-steal body and its
beautiful finish are pecu
liar to this car, and the
one is made possible by
the other ;
If a wooden frame were used it would
not be practical to apply the enamel
which gives the body its Justrous fin
ish. The body is elcetrically welded
into a unit. Then the enamel is baked
on at a high temperature.
It will pay you lo vigit
us and examine this car
The gasoline consumption is usually
low
The price of the Touring Car or Road
ster is $785 (f. o. b. Dstroit)
B oo NP S e ) i
s a %_s{& ‘}‘
J. T. ELDER MOTOR CO.
Cordele, Georgia
traverses a section of the famous
Dixie highway through Americus.
George R. Ellis, of Americus, is one
of the directors of the association.
The Dispatch Job Department s
new and complcte. Let us do your
next work. Very low prices. e
Remember, the job department of
the Dispatch is to be larger and more
complete. Everything is new. Prices
will suit you.
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This is a photograph of the camp
of the Thirteenth United States Cav
alry at Columbus, which was attacked
[
I R RN S Bropiieton
LE SEED AND FEED
WHOLESAL ¥
3 3 Fiove iRI 1
~ . 3
We Grow--We Buy--We Sell--We Reciean and
E il Kind Seeds, F'eed
| A o
| we xchange a NG Oeeas, cewus
2
7
‘ bl ~ ~
and Farm Produce
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¢ > 3 2000 SO R N SRR N R NG AL TR i e e
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Stop and think one minute! Why do you plant those cld mixed and adul
ferated seed? Don’t you know that it is more important to have good pure
pedigreed, unadulicrated seed—than it i 5 {o have a fine blooded horse or cow?
flood sced are the life blood of all good crops and are as essential for o good
crop as Folstein and Jjersey cows are for milk and butter.
BGY FEDICREED COTTON, CORN, PORCORN, PEANUTS, SUNKFLCW
BR. PEAS AND BEANS, ETC., from us and allow our cocunly demoenstrator
and stale etomologist to vigit and advise you how Lo grow, immprove and keep
them pure and I will coniract to buy same baclk from you.
Don’s be envious or biased or prejudiced but conre along and let’s co-0p
erate. If you laven’t got the money we will barler or cxchange with you.
Goord seed are cheap at any price, cheap prices meoean:s cheaper sceds, You
nced our seed to make a suceess with your farm. Wo will exchange tor cora,
meat, lard, pcas, hay, ct.
We have for cale the folicwing eecd.
We also have Isafliic Corn, Milo maze, Feterita and sinall Garden seed,
COTTONGICICD per bus.
Wanamaker Cleveland Big 801 l
At el e il 1005
Summerour Halfand-Tlalf, at .. 145
King's Barly Improved, at .... 1.7
Coker's Pedigreed Webber No.
RS2 (long staple) o 2 iv 6 o 2.20
Coker's Pedigreed attsville No.
A 0 (lonestaple:. .o .. 22D
Bradbury’ Poulnott, at ......... 176
$ Glsie Raciitant at ... T
| Webber No. 82 (second handed) 1.50
| Mixed short staple secd (culledt 1.25
; CCRN per hus.
‘ Improved Golden Dent, at ... 300
{ improved White Dent, at ..... 2.00
i’l‘um Whatley’s latest Improved 3.50
| Hasting's latest improved. at .. 3.50
| Alexander's Latest Improved, at 3.50
per pk.
Coker’s Wiliamson Pedigreed at 1.00
Coker’s Marlboro Prolific, at ... 1.00
Coker’s White Rice TPedigreed
| POPCOEN, At ... o. 00l 1.50
| SORGHUMS per bus.
| Ga. raised Improved Amber Cane
% We have a remnant stock of dry goods, notions. hardware, tinware, crock
{ ery clocks, machines and tobacco, etc., and will exchange anything and cevery
| thing, for corn, cats, meat, lard, hay, chickens, eggs, etc.
f We are ready for business. Give us a trial and help Cordele and Crisp
{ county have a first class seed store. If we can sell you our seed we will con
‘ tract to buy bhack all sed you raise and keep pure and clean.
|
| e i o 0 o
| .
THE FARMERS EXCHANGE
i o
|
1 J>RsKELLY, Proprietor
THE CORDELE DISPATCH, WEDMESDAY, MARCH 15, 1916
by Villi's men. The scene shows the
clothing and accontrements of the
wen out sunning., The lower picture
Ae e L 0
Ca-raiscd Iraproved Crange :
a 0 e e 1.50
Gergiy Millet at . 0., o !
kil WERet dil ss e i
Mizcellaneous Feld cced 1
00 Day Early fpcciled Yelvet ‘
Peany, al &:’ |
Latc Bneckiod Velvel Bgans, ot |
No. 1 Brabham Peas, :Z S A 8
No, Liivon Peasngliat oo 2.00
Unmized Speckled (V/hinnor
Wil Peagaigt e 0 e TS
Mixar PEAGE 5 80 e 1,25
BoEtk Soeth Mg v s .. 290
Ga-taised Old Fashicned Pew-
WMy 8P o e 1,25
Ga-Raised secd Chufis, al ..... 3.50
per Ih.
Pure Tom Watson Watermelon
Seetlhat o saua, Hrd s
Pure Kleckley's Sweet Waler
melon iseed, at ... .. .00 iTH
Rape Seed, at ... ... .. h
Ga-Raised Collard seed, at ..... .60
Sudan Crass seed, at ......... G 0
is a receut photograph of Villa's
army. Mozt of the men shown iln it |
|
REPORT OF THE CONDITION OF
Cordele Nati
ordele National Bank
at Gerdele, Georgia, in the State of Georgia, at the Close of Business
l On March 7th, 1915,
RESOURCICS
Doang andadisConnis o b s e e R 380
MMbiaoanssl ) dieaar e gir eSI S e $281,032.97
| Qvendpatlis ungecurad ~r oCn i et e 163.76
U. 8. bonds deposited to secure civeulation (par vaiue) .. 50,000.00 50,000.00
‘ Subscription to stock of lederal Reserve Bank ........ 7,200.00
} Fess amount unnaild o i s 3,600.00 3,600.00
‘ Real estate owned other than banking house ........... 7,500.00
| Net amount due from Feéderal Reserve Bank ........... D 731 37
Net amount due from anproved reserve agents in New
Xork. Ghicazo. antle 86 FOWIS b .oo i i 1,007.00
Net amount due from approved rescrve agents in other re-
QemE eitles 0 v e o ike H,851.55 7,388.55
'Net amount deu froin banks and bankers (cther than
‘ included .in :Hln\'l.‘) S R S e 30,298.73
| Itlk('ll:mgn fap Gleaninge BoLse 3 0 s 1,407.80
Outside checks and other ahshidllemmy Ao ol 1,047.30
| Fractional currency, nickels, and ceals ................ [,119.00 2,166.30
Notes of other national banks .......c.ccocciieviivien. 1,500.00
Eoin and-certifionteS =an il adl il ci ae v 4,935.95
Legal-tender NOLES . .vveeeveiirvcione cosertctconseones 7,100.00
Redemption fund with U, S. Treasurer and due from U 7,
Sl URpeasUmeße . L e oe e s e 2.500.06
MOMALZ: oo i s $405,325.23
| LIABILITIES
‘ Capital stoclk paid i e g $100,000.00
‘Surplu:; Nl e e 26,000.00
Undivided pnofilss - 0 a 0 vl e e. .5 19,658.18 $19,058.18
[Lecs enrrent expenses, interest, and faxes paid 2,417.70 15,640.48
Circulation notes outsainding .........cceecooeeiene.s 51,100.00
e to banks and bankers (other than included above) 6,610.47
individual deposiis subject to clifdlca soo s e 162,957.65
Certificates of deposit due in loss than 20 days ... . 11.172.25
Gontißed GECkS s . es s 143.00
Cashier's checks outstanding ............... ccoeeeeens 495.49
‘Motal demand dePOBILEI ©ohii. 00l o eae oo et 174,768.39
Gentificates of dePOBIL -l . oot neocoale s it gts 37,205.89
Motal Of time deposiiss s Bsl Gl s i e 27,205.89
TOWAL i e e $405,325.23
STATIE OF GEORGIA, Crisp Couniy:
I, J. V. Dunlap, cashiier of the above named bank, do selemnly swear that
{lre above statement is true to the hest of iny knowledge and helief.
J. V. DUNLAR, Cashicr.
Subscribed and sworn o hefore CORRECT—Attest
me this 15th day of March, 1916. W. 11. McKENZIE
I 1. NIESMITH B. 8. DUNLATP
Notary Public J. M. DIIFFEB.
pirectors.
‘T RNk 1 =
ATLANTL BIRMILGHAM & ATLANTIG
TS ATENN AY
The Standard of Fxcellence in Passenpoer Service
Effective May Ord, 1914
Trains Leave Cordele as Follows:
Prain No, 4 for Fitzgerald, Thomas.
ville Waycross and Brunswick ..... 4:29 A. M.
Train No, 2 for *litzgerald, Thomas
ville, Waycross and Brunswick.... 2:05 P. M.
Train No. 1 for Atlanta and Lineville 12:45 P. M
M N ortAllEnta . eIB M.
Trains No. 3 and 4 carry Pullman Drawing
room siecping cars between Atlanta
and Thomasvilie.
—————————— S A S
W. W. CROXTON, R. L. LUFFMAN,
General Passenger Agent, Ticket Agent,
Atlanta, Ga. Cordele, Ga.
C. D. BERCAW, General Agent, Cordele, Ga.
wers in the attacking party ol Thurs
diy, March 9.
“ 4
iwi i B 1 i
(A & N RY,) |
Commencing Monday, January 3,
1916, trains will arrive and leave Cordele
following time:
ARRIVE CORDELE
No. 1, Daily, from Alhany and
Coonections i...........i..c o i laH T
No. 5, Daily, exeept Sunday.
from AlDany ... i 3 BSOS
No. 3, Daily, from Hampton
Springs, Quitman, Moultnie
and Albany.. i s LIRSO IR
LEAVE CORDELE
No. 4, Dailyi ‘for Albany,
Mouitrie, Quitmnan, Hamp- am
ton: Springs. ol B Al
No. ~ Daily except Sunday for
Albany .. or s R
No. 2, Daily. for Albany and
conNections....... L. .ol it 25E08 LI
Trains 3 and 4, ‘“Hampton Springs
Spreial,” is a solid train running be
tween Cordele, Gia.,, and! Hampton
Springs, Fla., hauling a through Buftet
Sleeper between Atlanta and Hampton
springs. Secure Slesping Car reserva
tions from Ticket Agent, Cordele.
Trains 1 and 2 make direct connec
tions with trains of all lines at Albany.
At Cordels with S. A. L trains Jast
and West Go 8. & B, trains North and
“otath; A, B & AL train Fitzgerald and
Wayeross.
Trains b and ¢ is a mixed local train.
R. L. LUEEMAN,
Ticket Agt., Cordele, Ga.
B, 15, DAVIS, T'raffic Mgr.,
Albany, Ga.
WHAT AN ACRE OF
- PIEDMONT SOILCAN DO
lAndrcw M. Soule, President Georgida
| State College Of Agriculture,
~ An acre of Cecil clay soil typical of
| the Piedmont region of Georgia, which
was quite poor a few years ago, but
is in process of being built up, illus
{rates fairly what can be accumplish
jmi by any larmer ca an equal quality
of soil. This =cre is located on the
College farm. Fertilizer running 10—
3—3 has been used on the land at%
the rate of about 300 pounds an acre:
per crop. It is a soil of only fair fel‘-i
tility and is taken on that account.
This acre was planted to cabbage
‘and Irish potatoes. About 5,000 cals
ngu plants were set out, but, of
}mnr.-w, seme of them:failed to head,
A smaller area was used for the potas
toes, The cabbage crop was sold re
tail and wholesale, and brought in
gross receipts of $4O. The Irish pota
ioes were sold at $1 per bushel and
brought in §15.00. ;
| After the cabbage and the potatoes
thzul been removed the acre was plant
ed to corn. During the roasting-ear
period, $20.00 of ears were sold from
the arca and the remainder of the
cars were left to mature,,yielding 40
bushels of corn. In addition, a ton
’ and @ half of corn stover were gather
ed trom the acre, which'is being fed
1o the stock. After the corn crop was
harvested oats were SOWI.
Thus it will be seen. that $75 bn
actual cash was received: from sales
from the acre, and that enough corn
and stover was obtained, in addition
to more than cover all the expense,
so that the $75 may be considered a
net profit. Many truckers have done
and can do better than this with
an acre of land. But this represents
more nearly what is possible for the
average farmer who wants to diversify
his activities and especially who wants
to give intensive cultivation to scme
small aiea for the production of home
supplies along with a calable money
crop of the same sort. Let us con
centrete our energy on smatler areas
of land, fertilize, cultivate and handlcl
to better advantage and so build them
up as to cnable the preduction of fair
average crops of a variety of things
which the market demands and the
land owner needs for-the proper sus
sanance of his own fansly.
Home Landscape Gardening
T. H. McHatton, Professor Of Hortis
culture, Gecorgia State Col.
lege Of Agriculture
Fall and winter are saitable for
planting trees and shrubs on the home
grounds. Put the ghrubs about the
base of the house, the corners of
walks, intersections.-of -roads, around
edges and in the corners of the lawn,
but never in its center,
Avoid straight’ lines in planting.
(tood shrubs to use are the various
gpirias, barbara, privets,-cape jasa
mine, tea olive, various crataegii, Kng
lish laurel, narrow leaf evergreens,
arbor vitae and junipers.
Shade trees should be planted
around the lawn, along the walks, at
the interscction of roads, walks. Oaks
are very desirable, water, live ‘and
pin oaks being excellent. Magnolias,
maples, particularly Norway maples;
gycamore; in certain sections, elms;|
and evergreen trees such as deodora
cedar, Hymalian pine and ordinary
pines may be planted.
e R
It is not unusual for cotton to sui
ger a loss of from $3 to $5 per bale ad
a result of unnecessary exposure. At
all times it should be kept off the’
ground and properly sheitered.
B :
The silo not only furnishes economs
ical storage, but it enables the farmer
to handle his crop cheaper than by
any other methodi ' =& = e
One ton of mixed hay occupies 40q
cubic feet. ; T e
‘Let the Dispatch do your pri “
oo A S
oo v R S