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ROBERT S. HOWARD, /
Editor and Publisher. \
VOLUME t.
-jh'olcSsioirot & fmsiness (Tunis.
i oin .1. Ki n
'> ATTORN KY-AT-L AW,
DaNIKLSVILLK. OA m
Will promptly attend to all business entrusted to
him. & dec 17, ’SO.
nit. V IK. < INI*.
NICHOLSON, GA.,
' Tenders his professional services to the surround
ing country. Rheumatism, Neuralgia and the dis
eases of women a specialty.
Feb. 13th, 1880. ly
non.lKlt TIMMIf .so.V
ATTOR N EY-AT-LA W,
Gainesville, Ga.
Prompt and faithful attention given to all busi
ness placed in his luinthi.
WM.l'.l IIOWAItIb
Attorne .cn<l Counselor \ ! I.au,
JEFFERSON, GA.
Will attend faithfully to all business entrusted
to his care. nichd,
Cf IB A A A TSlOni'MiA.
k 5 ATTORNE V.S- A T-L A W r .
J KFFF.IISO.V, G A,
Will practice in Jackson and adjoining counties,
£cpf Udoetfeemffl^,
/ ( KOKGIA, .l;u k*on County.
' r rj,.
Whereas, Rehocca A. Casper applies to me. in
proper form, for Letters of Administration with
the will annexed of Daniel Gasper, late of said
county, dcc'd —
This is to cite all concerned, kindred and credi
tors, to show cause, if any they can, on the lirst
Monday in April. 1881. at the regular term of the
. Court of Ordinary of said county, why said letters
should not he granted the applicant.
(iiven under my oilicial signature, this January
nth, 1881. 11. IV. DELL, Ord’y.
/ 1 EOSthl A, Jaclisoii County.
1 '
Whereas,.!. W. Strickland and John 1. Pittman
make application for Letters of Administration.
<le honis non, on the estate of John 1. Parks,
dec’tl, late of said 'County-^
This is to cite all concerned, kindred and credi
tors, to show cause, at the regular term of the
Court of Ordinary of said 6omity, on the first
Monday in April, ISST, why said letters should
not be granted Dv applicants.
Given under mv oilicial signature, March Ist,
1881.' TI. W. REEL, Drd-y.
/ t IlOIUiilA, JacliMUi County.
Whereas, A. A. WiViiamV, Ghafdiail of J. M.
Williams, a minor, makes application for leave to
sell the interest of said minor in a tract of land in
•saul county—
This is to cite .all concerned, kindred, <&c„ to
show cause, if any they can on the first Monday
m April, KSSl f at the regular term of the Court of
Ordinary of said county, why said leave should
not he granted the applicant.
Given under nfy official signature, March Ist,
1881. *■ H. w. IfIBLL, ord'y.
| 1 IIOULI A, nlaeluon ( onaly.
Whereas, J. N. Williams, Guardian of Elias
Maynard, minor son of Mayiiar l, late
of said count y, dec’d, tenders his' resignation of
said trust, and suggests the name of \V. F. A. An
derson as a suitable person to succeed him^-
This is to cite all concerned, the next of kin, lo
show cause, if any exist, why said resignation
should not be aecoptod and said W. F. A. Ander
son appointed Guardian as aforesaid, at the regu
lar term of the Court of Ordinary oT said county,
on the lirst Monday in April, 1881.
Given under my oilicial signature. diis March
Ist, 1881. II. AV. iftm, Ord'y.
Jackson Sheriff's Sale.
WILL be sold, on the first Tuesday in
next, before the Court House door in
xon, Ga., within the legal hours of sale. to the
highest and best bidder, the following described
property, to-wit: One tract of land. Tying in said
county, on the waters of the South Oconee river,
adjoining lands of *l. E. Adams, Oavtd Khier, E.
M. Thompson and others, and known as a part of
the .J. and. McCulloch place, containing seventy
acres, more or less. On said place there is a pret
ty good log dwelling and about
thirty-live acres of upland, in a good state of cul
tivation. remainder in old livid and forest. Levied
on as the property of W. S. Thompson, .Jr., and
Milton Thompson, to satisfy a fi. fa. issued from
.laekson Superior Court at the February term,
D77, in favor of and. 11. Huggins vs. \Y. S. Thom
pson, Jr., and Milton Thompson. Property
pointed out by the plaintiff, and due notice given
to \Y. S. Thompson, dr., and Milton Thompson,
tenants in possession, as the law directs. March
2nd. 1 SSI. j\_A. McKLH .VNKOjf, Sheriff.
Commissioner's Sate.
Jackson County.
By virtue of an order of the Superior Court of
said county, at the February term, ISSI, will be
sold withm the legal hours of sale, on the first
Tuesday in April. ISsl. before the Court House
door in Jelferson, the brick building in said town
and the lot whereon it stands ; sold as the proper
ty of F. M. Hailey and J. L. Hailey. Sold for the
purpose of dividing the proceeds between said J.
L. and F. M. Hailey, 'i erms of sale cash. Said
sale conducted by toe undersigned Commission
ers, appointed by the {Superior Court of said
county for that purpose. Thi* March 2nd, 1881.
P. G. THOM PSOX, \
J. H. RANDOLPH. >Commisssioners.
J. A. If. MAHAFFEY, j
, Idmiuistrators Sale.
VC REEA HI.L to an order from the Court of
Ordinary of Jackson county', tia.. I will sel l
at public outcry, m the town of Jefferson, before"
tlu- Court House door, within the legal hours of
s; de, on the first Tuesday in April, 1881, the fo 1 -
lowing property, to-wit: A tract of land contain
lur, two , a hd one-!ia!f acres, in the town of Mays
vn.e, Ga., unimproved and lying about two
hundred and fifty yards from the depot, on the
Northeastern Railroad, and joining lots of Dr.
Alexander, Atkins and others. Sold as the prop
erty ol Amanda Hoggin, decM, for distribution
among tue heirs ot said dec'd. Terms cash.
C. M. WOOD. Adnrr
of Amanda dec'd.
Postponed Sheriff's Scle.
WILL be sold, before Uic Court House door in
t T the town of Jelferson, Jackson eountv, <ia„
at public out-cry, to the highest bidder, on the
first Tuesday in April next, within the legal hours
of sale, the following described property, to-wit:
One tract of land, containing twenty-five acres,
more or less, lying in said cpunly, on the waters
of Turkey creek, about one mile below Jackson's
mill, and adjoining lands of McDonald. Davis and
others, and known as the place where R. C. Wil
hite lived. About fifteen acres in cultivation.
There is a good mill house and dam on the places
also, a good framed dwelling and out-buildings
and good orchard. Levied on ;w> the property of
R- C. Wilhite to satisfy a fi. fa. issued front* Jack
sun Superior Court in favor of C. W. Hood. Prop
erty pointed out' y plaintiff, and notice given to
J- Foster Daniel, tenant in possession, as the law
directs. T. A. McELHANN’ON, Sh’ff J. C.
tA'otiee to Contrcrctors.
j HX he led to the lowest bidder, before the
If Court House door in Jefferson, on Satur
day, the 2nd day of April. 1881, the comract for
re-building the McCicskcy bridge, across the
Oooncc river,, under the following specifications :
To be built on the remaining arches, two tres
tles to be placed on the cribs now in the river,
and a little above level with,same, one of said tres
tles tOphe built, the other is now down the river,
about o ic mile below the bridge location, and will
be allowed used; the one to be built to be of like
timbers and workmanship as the one on hand ;
one swinging span to be built, length of same
from one crib in water to the other, with ;j sleep
er. Bxl2 inches ; said sleepers to lap at feast 3 feet
over cap sills, and the out side and one middle
sleeper well bolted to cap sills in each span. All
sleepers braced with 2x3 strios; 2 bolsters, oxl2
inches, 10 feet long, to be placed one-third the
length of span apart, the same to extend across
the wottoro of the bridge, under the sleepers, and
supported by main rods running through from top
of truss to bottom of braces ; said rods to bo of
best round iron, 1J inches in diameter, with taps
and washers.* Timbers or bracing for truss to be
7x9 inches in length to suit one-third span. Braces
Lo he even notched at the foot, bearing on
cap ,4i!ls, and each foot to he well pinned with
two two-inch wooden pins and one iron bolt; the
pins to extend through both the braces and sleep
ers, and sufficient depth in cap sills to hold nil
securely. Iron bolts to extend through braces
and sleepers just in .side cap sills. Truss to be
braced with t\fo braces on each side, runn'
*rom lower eml of bolster to top of truss, made c
,t scantling. Truss to be framed 3 feet 3 inches
high irom top edge of slccoers to top of truss.
All flooring to be 2x12 incues, 14 feet long, and
well spiked down with two-forty penny spikes
at each end, also spiked right am. left in* interme
diate sleepers. Hand rail or banisten to be nut
up on level with level beam whole length of bHuge,
except length oflcvel beam. Postfor railing to be
notched through iloor and keyed-on under side.
Contractors will] be required to furnish and fit all
timbers necessary for the construction of said
bridge as it was before, with the except : ons of he
fol’owing timber, which can be seen about one
mile below the bridge location, on said riven, the
same will be allowed used, coutv dor taking them
at their present location, to-wit: G sleepers, 24
feet long ; 1 sleep , .s, 27 feet long : 4 sleepers, 30
foot long; 1 crib arch complete, S Ufooring plank,
J pieces railing, 22 feet long. The mud silks of
die arches in, cribs to be banded with 2.1 inch bar
iron and bolted to 3 logs of cribs, and middle up
rights to be strapped to mud sills with same kind
of iron. Said work to be comp’eted within forty
days from time of letting. Bond, with two sol
vent securities, in double the amount of bid will
be required a.ter the Getting,•“ condi
tioned for the-faithful compliance of the terms of
tire contract. The same will be paid for when
completed in accordance with the specifications.
Full and complete specifications can be seen at
this ©dice. March 3rd, 1881.
' HVW. BSCL, Only.
ALSO, at the same time and place, under tlic
same terms and like specifications, for simi
lar work and timbers, will oe let the contract for
re-building two spans o" the Talassee bridge ; one
arch in height to suit height of balauce bridge to
be built as arches in McChesky bridge, on crib in
river; built of timbers 10x12 inches, 24 feet by 8
ieet. to extend to surface of£he water. Said tim
ber® to be well pinned at each corner, placed
water and tilled up with rock. Mud sills to b
fastened on said crib as the specification calls for in
McCleskey’s bridge. Sleepers, floors, cap rails
and all other timbers and work to be done in like
manner as similar work on the said McCicskcy
bridge. March 2mi; 1881.
11. W. BELL, Ord’y.
Jackson Postponed Sheriff’s
Sale.
WILL be sold Before the Court House door in
Jefferson, Jackson county, Ga., within the
legal hours of sale, to the highest and best bidder
at public outcry, on the Ist Tuesday in April,
18X1, the following property', to-wit: A tract of
’and lying in said county of Jackson, on the wa
ers of Mulberry river, adjoining lands of Edwards,
DeLaporrierc and others, containing one hundred
and twenty acres, more or less, known as the
Weatherly place. On said place, are reasonably
good improvements, and a fair proportion of open
cultivated land and old field pine and forest tim
ber. Levied oi: as the property of Hugh R. Bar
nard and Will . i A. Weatherly, to satisfy a
mortgage fi. fa. i favor of Wesley Nance, Exec
utor of John Seay', deceased, against said Hindi
R. Barnard and William A. Weatherly', issued
from Jackson Superior Court. Lew made by
John J. Wallis, former Deputy* Shcriir. Property
pointed out mi said li. fa.
T. A. McHLll AXNOX,
Sheriff J. C., (La.
Q.i;O߀llA, Jackson CVunly.
Whereas. W. S. Flancgan, Administrator on the
estate of Julia F. Burson, late of said county, de
ceased, applies for le..ve to sell the lSnds belong
ing to said deceased—
This is to cite all persons concerned, kindred
and creditors, to show ckuse, .if any, why* said
leave should not be granted tike applicant at the
regular term of the Court of Ordinary of said
county, on the first Monday in April, 1881.
Oiven under my official signature, this Decem
ber 24th, 1880. H. W. BELL, Ord’y.
Lj| HORtIIA, Jackson Coimly.
\V licrcas, M. T. Dalton applies to me, in proper
form, for Letters of AdmiifistraPon upon the es
tate ot Ihos. Dalton, late of sad county, dec’d—
'J his is to cite all concerned, kindred and credi
tors, to show cause, if any, on the first Monday
in April, 188., at uic egidar term of the Court of
Ordinary ol said county, why said letters should
not be granted the applicant.
(liven under my otho’al signature, this Decen,
her 20th. ICSO. 11. W. BELL. Ord’y.
Q.EORGS A, Jackson County.
Whereas. T. 11. Niblaek, Adin'r of John A.
Long, late of said county, dec'd, applies for leave
to sell the lands belonging to the estate of said
dec'd—
This is to cite all concerned, kindred and credi
tors, to show cause, if any, at the regular term of
the Court of Ordinary of said county, on the first
Monday in April, ISSI, why said leave should not
be granted.
Given under my official signature, this March
Ist, ISSI. 11. W. BELL. Ord’y.
1, .laekson County.
Whereas, .jno. C. Whitehead, adm’r Ac., of
Hannah Craft, late of said county, decal, applies
for leave to sell the land, belonging to said dec'd'
estate—
This is to cite all concerned, kindred and credi
tors, to show cause, if any, at the regular term of
the Court of Ordinary of said county, on the first
Monday in April. 1881. why said leave should not
fie granted the applicant.
Given under my official signature, this March
“2nd, 1881. 11. W. BELL, Ord'y.
| Jackson County.
Whereas. J. B. Pendergrass applies to me, in
proper form, l’or Letters or Administration on the
estate of Hugh late of said county, de
ceased—
This is to cite all persons concerned, kindred
and creditors, to show cause, if any they can. on
the first Monday in April. 1881. at the regular
term of tiie Court of Ordinary of said county, why
said letters should not be granted the applicant.
Given under my official signature, this January
4th. 1881. H. W. BELL, Ord'y.
/
JEFFERSON. JACKSON COUNTY, GA., FRIDAY. MARCH IS, 1881.
The supreme trial of the Constitution came
at last under the * retnendous pressure of civil
war. We ourselves are witnesses that the
Union emerged from the blood and fire of
that conflict purified and made stronger for
all the beneficient purposes of good govern
ment, and now, at the close of this first cen
tury of growth, with the inspirations of its
history in their hearts, our people have lately
reviewed the condition of the nation, passed
judgment upon the conduct and opinions of
the political parties, and have registered their
will concerning the future administration of
the government. To interpret and to execute
that will, in accordance with the Constitution,
is the paramount duty of the executive.
fcAVLAXT WtSCTE.IAAAiN.
THE NEW PRESIDENT.
NAUGU RATION OF GEN. JAIiES A. GAUF' ELD,
ON FRIDAY. THE INAUGURAL ADDRESS.
At 12 : fO. the President reached his place
at the front of the platform and took a seat
with Chief Justice Waite on his right and cx-
President 11 ayes on his left, with Senators
Pendleton, Anthony, Bayard, while immedi
ately behind him sat his mother, Mrs. Gar
field, Mrs. Ilaves and Vice-President Arthur.
Some delay ensued while a photograph of the
scene was being taken from an elevated stand
a short distance to the right and front. At
12: 35 Senator Pendleton arose and intro
duced Gen. Garfield, who began his inaugural
address: •
Fellow-citizens: We stand to-day upon an
eminence which overlooks a hundred years of
national life —a century crowded with the
perils but crowned with the triumphs of lib
erty and law. Before continuing our onward
march, let us pause on this height .or a mo
rnent to strengthen our faith and renew our
hope by a glance at the pathway along which
our people have traveled.
It is now three (lavs more than a hundred
years since the adoption of the litst written
constitution of the United States—the at.'.-
clcs of confederation and ape petual union.
The new republic was then beset wi.h danger
on every hand. It had not conquered a place
in the family of nations. The decisive battle
of the war for independence, whose centenni
al anniversary will soon be gracefully cele
brated at Yoiktown. had not yet been fought.
The colonists were struggling, not only
against the armies of a gieat nation but
against the {Settled opinions of mankind, for
the world did not then believe that the su
preme authority of government could be safe
ly entrusted to the guardianship of the people
themselves. We cannot over-estimate the
fervent love of liberty, the intelligent courage
and the saving common sense with which our
fathers made the great experiment of self
government.
When they found, after a short trial, that
the confederation of the States was too weak
to meet the necessities of the vigorous and
expanding republic they boldly set it aside,
and in its stead established a national union,
founded directly upon the will of the people,
endowed with full powers of self preservation
and with ample authority for the accomplish
ment of its great objects. Und: this cpnstl
tution the boundaries of freedom have been
enlarged, the foundations of order and pe_.ee
have been strengthened, the growth of our
people in all the better elements of naio.ial
life lias indicated the wisdom of the founders,<
and given new Rope to ttieir descendants.
Under this constitution our people long ago
made themselves safe agai ist danger from
without, and secured for their mariners and
Hag equality of rights on all the seas. Unocr
this constitution twenty-five States have been
added o the TJnioai- with Cons tut'ons and
laws framed and enforced bv their own citi
zens, to secure the manifold blessings of local
self-government. The ju isdiction of this
Constitution now covers an area of fifty times
greater than that of the original thi ~en
Sates and a population of twenty times g eat
er than that of 16C0.
Even from this brief review it is manifest
that the nation is resolutely facing the front,
resolved to employ its best energies in devel
oping the great possibilities of the future,
sacredly preserving whatever has been ga' led
to liberty and good government during the
century. Our people are determined to leave
behind them all these bitter controversies
concerning things which have been irrevoca
bly settled, and the further discussion of
which can only stir up strife and delay the
onward march. The supremacy of the nation
and its laws should be no longer a subject of
debate. That discussion which for a half
centu y threatened the existence of the Un
ion was closed at last ii the high court of
war by a decree from which there is no ap
peal, that the constitution and the laws made
in pursuance thereof are and shall continue
to be the supreme law of the land, binding
alike upon the States and people. This de
cree does not disturb the automany of the
States nor interfere with any of their neces
sary rights of local government, but it does
fix and establish the permanent supremacy
of the Union.
The will of the nation, speaking with the
vehemence of battle, and through the amend
ed Constitution, has fulfilled the great prom
ise of 177 G, by proclaiming “libert\ T through
out the land to all the inhabitants thereof.”
The elevation of the negro race from slavery
to the full rights of citizenship, is the most
important political change we have known
since the adoption of the Constitution of 1788.
No thoughtful man can fail to appreciate its
beneficial effects upon our institutions and
people. It has freed us from a perpetual
dagger of war and dissolution. It has added
immensely to the moral and industrial forces
of our people. It lias liberated the master as
well as the slave from a relation which
wronged and enfeebled both. It lias surren
dered to their own guardianship the manhood
of rhore than five million of people, and has
opened to each one of them a career of free
dom and usefulness. It has given anew
inspiration to the power of self help in both
races by making labor more honorable to the
one and more necessary to the other. The
influence of this force will grow greater and
bear richer fruit with the coming years. No
doubt the great change lias caused serious
disturbance to our Southern communities.
FOR THE PEOPLE.
i Ui&|is to be deplored, though it was perhaps
unavoidable, but those who resisted the
change should remember that under our in
stitutions there was no middle ground for the
negro race between slavery and equal citizen
ship. There can be no permanent disfran
chise J peasantry in the United States. Free
dom can never yield its fullness of blessing
so long as the law or its administration places
tfw smallest obstacle in the pathway of any
virtuous citizen. The emancipated race lias
already made remarkable progress. With
unquestionable devotion to the Union, with
the patience and gentleness not born of tear,
they have followed the light as God gave
them to see the light. They are rapidly lay
.ing tlie material foundation of self-support,
wjdcuing the circle of intelligence, and bo
s' lining to enjoy the blessings that are
gathered around the homes of '■industrious
people. They receive the generous encour
agement of all good inen. So far as my
authority can lawfully extend, they shall
enjoy the. full and equal protection of the
Constitution and laws.
The full and free enjoyment of equal suf
frage is still in question, and a frank state
ment of the issue may aid its solution. It is
alleged that in many places an honest ballot
is impossible, if the mass of uneducated ne
groes are allowed to vote. These arc grave
allegations. So far as the latter is true, it is
the only palliation that can be offered for
opposing the freedom of the ballots. Bad
local government is certainly a great evil
which ought to be prevented, but to violate
the freedom and sanctity of sui.’rage is more
than an evil—it is a crime which, if persisted
in, will destroy the government itself, and if
successful, is not a remedy. If in oilier lands
it be high teason to compass the death of the
king, it should be counted no less a crime
here to strangle out the sovereign powers
and stiffe its voice. It has been said that
unsettled questions have no pity for the re
pose of a nation. It should be said with the
utmost emphasis that this question of
su(France will never give repose or safety to
the States or lo the nation until eaclr within
its own jurisdiction makn and keeps the
ballot free and pu.e, by thj strong sanctions
of the law.
But the danger which arises from ignorance
in the voter cannot be denied. It covers a
field far wider than that of negro suffrage and
the present condition of that race. It is a
danger that lurks and hides in the source l ,
and fountains of power in every State. W:
•have no standard by which to measure the
disaster that may be brought upon us by ig
norance and vice in the citizens, when joined,
to corruption and fraud in suffrage. The
voters of the Union, who make and unmake
<'ousbitti®HS, and upon whose will the
destinies of our governments, can transmit
their supreme authority to no successors save
the coming generation of voters who are the
sole heirs of the sovereign powe". If that
generation comes to its inlieritam e, blinded
by ignorance and corrupted by vice, the fall
of the Republic will be certain and remedi
less. The census has already sounded the
alarm in appaling figures, which mark how
dangerously high the tide of illiteration has
risen among our voters and their children.
To the South this question is of supreme im
portance. but the responsibility for the exist
ence of slavery did not rest upon the South
alone. The nation itself is responsible for
the extension of the suffrage, and is under
special obligation to aid in removing the
illiteracy which it has added to the voting
population. For the North and the South
alike there is but one remedy. All the con
stitutional powers of the nation and of the
States, and all the volunteer forces of the
people should be summoned to meet this
danger by the saving inlluencc of universal
education. It is the high privilege and sacred
fluty of those now living to educate their suc
cessors and.provide by intelligence and virtue
for the inheritance which awaits them.
In this benifieent work sections and races
should be forgotten, and partisanship should
be unknown ! Let our hope find new meaning
in the divine oracle which declares that “ a
little child shall lead them,” for our little
children will soon control the destinies of the
Republic. My countrymen, we do not now
diifer in our judgment concerning the contro
versies of past generations, and fifty years
hence our children will not be divided in
their opinions concerning our controversies.
They will surely bless their fathers and their
fathers’ God that the union was preserved ;
that slavery was overthrown, and that both
races were made equal before the law. We
may hasten or we may retard, but w<icannot
prevent the
possible for us flow to make a truce with time
by anticipating and accepting its inevitable
verdict. Enterprise of the highest importance
to our moral and material well-being invite
us and offer ample scope for the employment
of our best energies. Let all our people,
leaving behind them the dead
issues, move forward, and in the strength of
liberty and restored union win the grander
victories of peace.
The prosperity which now prevails is with
out a parallel in our histor}'. Fruitful seasons
have done much to secure it, but they have
not done all. The preservation of public
credit and the resumption of specie payments
so successfully attained by the administration
of my predecessors, has enabled our people
tosecure the blessings which seasons brought.
By the experience of commercial nations in
all ages, it has been found that gold and silver
offered the only safe foundation for a mo
netary system. Confusion has recently been
created by variations in the relative value of
the two metals, but I confidently believe that
arrangements can be made between the lead
ing commercial nations which will secure the
general use of. both metals. Congress should
provide that the compulsory coinage of silver
now required by iaw may not disturb our mo
l netary system by driving either metals out of
| circulation. If possible such adjustment
should be made that fbe purchasing power of
every coined dollar will be exactly equal, as
a debt paying power in all the markets of the
world. The chief duty of the national govern
ment in connection with the currency of the
country is to coin monc3’and declare its value.
Grave doubts have been entertained whether
Congress is authorized by the Constitution
to make any form of paper money legal tender.
1 he preseut issue of United States notes has
been sustained by the necessities of war, but
such paper should depend for its value and
currency upon its convenience in use, and its'
prompt redemption in coin at the will of the
holder, and not upon its compulsory circula
tion. 1 hese notes are not money but promises
to pay money if the holders demand it. The
promise should be kept.
The refunding of the national debt at a
lowers rate of interest should be accompliscd
without compeling the withdrawal of national
bank not2s and thus disturb the busiuess of
the couutry. I venture to refer to the posi
tion I have occupied on financial questions
during a long service in Congress, and to say
that time and experience have so often ex
pressed on these subjects. The finances of
the government shall suffer no detriment
which it may be possible for m3' administra
tion'to prevent.
The interests of agriculture deserve more
attention from the government than they have
yet received. The farms of the fanners of the
United States otTer homes and employment
lor more than onc-halfour people, and furnish
much the largest part of all our exports. As
the government lights our costs for the pro
tection of our mariners, and the benefit of
commerce, so it should give to the tiller of
the soil the best lights ofthe practical science
and experience. Our manufacturers arc
rapidly keeping us. industrially indepen
dent, and arc opening to capital and labor
new and profitable schemes of employment.
Their steady and healthy growth should still
be maintained.
Our facilities for transportation should be
promoted by the continued improvement of
our harbors and great interior water-ways,
and by the increase of our tonage on the
oceans.
The development of the world's commerce
has led to an urgent demand for shortening
lire great sea voyage around Cape Horn by
constructing ship canals or railroads across
the isthmus which unites the two continents.
Various plans to this end have been suggested,
and will need consideration, but none of tbera
lias been sufficient!}’ matured to warrant united
aid. The subject, however, is one which
will immediately engage the attention of the
government with a view to a thorough pro
jection to American interests. We will urge
no nar ow policy, nor seek peculiar or ex
clusive privilege in any commercial route, but
in the language of ray predecessor, “ I believe
it to be the right and duty of the United
Stales to assert and maintain such supervision
and authority over any inter oceanic canal
across the isthmus that connects North and
South America as will protect our national
interests.
The constitution guarantees absolute re
ligious freedam. Cos igress is prohibited from
making any law respecting an establishment
of religion or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof. The territories of the United States
are subject to the direct legislative authority
of Congress, and hence the general govern
ment is responsible for any violation of the
constitution in any of them. It is, therefore,
a reproach to the government that in the most
populous of the territories the constitutional
guarantee is not enjoj'ed by the people, and
the authority of Congress is set at naught.
The Mormon church is not only an offense to
the moral sense of mankind by sanction
ing polygamy, but prevents the administra
tion of justice through the ordinary instru
mentalities of law. In my judgment it is the
duty of Congress, while respecting to the utter
most the conscientious convictions and re
ligious scruples of every citizen, to prohibit
within its jurisdiction, all criminal practices,
especially of that class which destroy family
relations and endanger-s social order. Nor
can any ecclesiastical organization be safely
permitted to usurp in the smallest degree the
functions and powers of the national govern
ment.
The civil service can never be placed on a
satisfactory basis until it is regulated by law
for good of the service itself, for the protec
tion of those who are entrusted with the ap
pointing power against the waste of time and
obstruction to public business caused by the
inordinate pressure for a place, and for the
protection of incumbent against intrigue and
wrong. I shab. at the proper time, ask Con
gress to fix the tenure of minor offices of the
several executive departments, and prescribe
the grounds upon which removals shall be
made during the terms for which incumbents
have been appointed.
Finally, acting always with the authority
and imitations of the constitution, invading
neither the rights of the States nor the re
served rights of the people, it will be the
purpose of mv administration to maintain the
authority of the nation, and in all places with
in its jurisdiction enforce obedience to all
the laws of the union ; in the interests of the
people to demand rigid economy in all the
expenditures of the government, and to re
quire the honest and faithful service of all ex
ecutive offices, remembering that the offices
were created, not for the benefit of the in
cumbents or their supporters, but for the
service of the government.
And now, fellow-citizens, I am about to
assume the great trust which you havo com
mitted to my hands. I appeal to you for the
earnest and thoughtful support which makes
this government, in fact as it is in law, a gov
ernment of the people. I shall greatly rely
upon the wisdom and patriotism of Congress,
of those.who may share with us the responsi
bilities and duties of administration, and
above all on our efforts to promote the wel
fare of this great people and their govern
ment, I reverently invoke the support and
blessings of Almighty God.
The address was delivered with uncovered
head in a clear voice, distinct and calm, and
was plainly heard by every one on the stand
and for a long distance on every hand. The
delivery of the message occupied forty-five
minutes. At its conclusion the cheering was
long continued and enthusiastic.
Chief Justice Waite then administered the
oath to which Mr. Garfield responded with
reverential fervor.
Ex-President Hayes immediately pressed
forward and congratulated his successor, and
after him the President’s mother and wife,
both of whom lie saluted with a \
S TERMS, $1.50 PER ANNUM.
/ SI.OO for Six Months.
oral scene of congratulation and hand
shaking ensued, after which the presidential
party descended from the platform by tho
private staircase and proceeded to the Presi
dent's nxira in the rear of the Senate cham
ber, where an informal reception took place.
#
Your Boy:
J'ou do not know what is in him. Bear
with him, be patient; wait. Feed him, clothe
him, love him. He is a boy ; and most Imys
are bad. You think him ro light hearted,
and fear he is light headed as well. Btlt re.
member he calls you father. When ho played
in your lap you fondly hoped he would some
day be a great aud useful man. Now that ho
has grown larger, and his young blood drives
him into gleeful sport, and makes him im
patient of serious things, rattling, playful,
thoughtless, you almost despair. But don’t
be snappish and snarlish and make him fcol
that you are disappointed in him. He is your
boy and you arc to live in him. 110 bears
your name, and is to send it on down tho
stream of time. He inherits your fortune and
fame, and is to transmit them to generations
to come.
It cannot be otherwise. A daughter divides
your fortune, transmits less of your fame, and
loses your name. A boy is more nearly
yourself than any thing else can be. It is
through your boy you go down in history ;
through your boy you arc to live in the future ;
by Ir m you are to act upon the generation
that is to come.
It may be difficult to govern him ; but be
patient; lie may seem averse to everything
useful and good, but wait. No one can tell
what is in a boy. lie may surprise you soma
day. Hope. Let him grow. Whilo his body
grows larger and stronger his mental and
moral nature may expand and improve.
Some boys ar3 men in stature, but arc stilli
boys in mind. It may bo so with your boy ;
and if so there ia reason for hope. In such
cases there is oftan great outcome. The body
is the tree, the mind the fruit. It is well for
the tree to take deep root before it is loaded
with fruit; then tire fruit will bo the more and
the better.’ ,
Educate your boy. You may think money
spent in that way is money #pent in vain.
There is nothing in him ; he has no pride, no
ambition, no aspiration. You don't know.
No one can tell what is in a boy. Besides,
there may be an unkindled spark, an up
fanned flame, a smouldering fire, a latent
energy, which the teacher's rod may stir, tho
association with books and men may arouse,
develop and direct, and thus start your boy
agomg, with such energy and determination
that no power on earth could stop him short
of the topmost round in the ladder of fame.
If j’ou cannot educate him, let him educate
himself. That is tho best way. That will
make him strong, a giant with whom no one.
dare interfere. Such arc the best men in the
world. The greatest benefactors of the race
have stooped their shoulders to bear burdens.,
have carried hands harde led with rough labor,
have endured the fatigue of toil. Many such
arc in our mind now. Juubot omniu vincit,.
“ Labor conquers all things.” The old Roman
was right. We sec it in a thousand instances.
Labor makes the man. No boy ever came
to be a man, the noblest work of God, with
out labor. This is God's great law ; there is
a divine philosophy in it. Let your : boy
work ; if he will not work, make him work.
There is no progress, no development, no out
come, no true manhood without it. We must
work.
A wild, rattling, thoughtless boy of the
days of yore is in our mind's eye. Who
would have thought it ? lie is a strong, ac
tive, efficient, untiring Baptist preacher, of
large ; nfluence in another State. Another, a
successful physician, occupying a good posi
tion in this city, and a Christian gentleman.
Father, be kind to your boy. We know
what a mother will do. Thank God! A
mother’s love, a mother’s prayers, follow us
still; and the memory of her anxious tears
shall never fade out during the succession of
years. Finally, but not least pray for your
boy. God hears prayer. Do the be3t you
can, commit all that yon cannot do to God,
and hope. Never despair, for no one knows
what is in a boy.— Baptist Reflector.
Giving Up Their Dead.
An interesting and important point concern,-
ing the finding of bodies of drowned persona
in the Mississippi river is made by Deputy
Coroner Preadlow, of St. Louis, who has been
engaged in securing and caring for these
bodies for nearly twenty years. April is the
great month for the bodies in tho
river. Then is the time when what they term
the five and six monthers are found. Bodies
that have been at the bottom of the river aU
winter always rise in April. In fact, all the
cases of drowning in the winter are surely
heard of in April, if ever. Most cases of
drowning, the figures prove, take place in
August. Then, the water being warm, the
body rises to ihe surface within forty-eight
hours after its disappearance. In Maj-, the
body that goes to the bottom is seldom heard
of until nine days have passed bv. The tern
peraturc of the water governs the time. So
long as the water is cold the body is pre
served. As soon as the wator oommcnces to
change from cold to warm the tissuos oxpand
and soften, and the body becomes filled liko
a sponge with water. This equivalent weight
makes tho body weigh less than the water
NUMBER 4..