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. TOPICS FOB ■ SOIL TILL! RS ‘ , **. Agricultural Secretary Nesbitt Gives Some Advice. PLAI TO SOLVE OOTTOK PROBLEM - CemaniMloaer Tell* Farmer* Not to Lay Schamoa For the Coming Tear on the Cuppoaltlon of High Friona and a ■hurt Crop—Sara Matter Should Bo Looked at From a Purely Buainaas Standpoint. Department of Agriculture, Atlanta, Jan. 1, 1898. Successful farming comprehends more than the mere planting, cultivating and gathering the crops. Nor is it the abil ity to produce a large yield from a small area. Thia is often done at a heavy loss. The successful farmer looks into all the details of his work. He studies the re quirements of his different crops, that is the food elements required and the proper proportions of each. He also studies his different soils and carefully notes their elements of fertility. He ascertains the relations of the p roposed crops to the stored fertility of the soil. In selecting his fertilizers he keeps in mind these three points: The needs of the crop, the ability of his land to meet these needs and the elements required in the fertilizer to supply deficiencies of needed plant food in the different fields which he expects to cultivate. These are questions of as much, perhaps of greater importance, than the amount of the crops produced, or their value in the market, and, unlike the rest, they can only be decided by experiment and ex perience. Tn at certain fertilizers should be used for certain crops, no one at the present day doubts, but we will gain an accurate knowledge on these points, not by an analysis of the soil, nor by ah analysis of the crop, but by observation and experiment. REDUCING THE COTTON AREA. Times have materially changed in the last 35 or 50 years for the farmer as well as for the professional man and for other men of all trades. The farmers constitute perhaps the only class which has not changed with changed condiK , v tions. Here and there we find among ttnsma maiL wlu) Jias'risen to the de mands of the timesTbTrt—as a rule the great body of farmers are pursu ing the same beaten track which their fathers, have always followed, re gardless of the fact that, from our ex haustive system of agriculture, the very structure of our soils even has under gone a radical change, and that these soils now require different treatment from that which they have received in the past These are times of such fluc tuating prices and close margins that it pays the farmer to do his own planning in these matters, and to use Bis brains and judgment as to what, where and how much the shall plant of different crops, in order to get the best returns for his investment of time, labor, im plements, stock and land. The experi ence of the past few years will dQ much to throw light on these questions. It has been proven by repeated efforts that farmers are not easily organized, they do not fully appreciate the importance of united effort for self protection. An other difficulty in the way of controlling the area in cotton is the fact that for generations we have been studying the habits and peculiarities of this, our money crop, and it is the one crop which we know how to grow. It has always been our money crop, and we hesitate to engage in experimental work on other lines. It seems to us, however, that the so lution of this muoh discussed problem is a very simple one, and the plan, If universally followed, will once and for all set at rest the question of how much cotton the touth can afford to raise. The answer is, as much as she can produce, after she has provided for full barns and smokehouses; for plenty of home sup plies from field, orchard, garden, poul try yard and dairy—and has thus learned the oft repeated lesson of living at home and working on a cash basis, to “pay as you go, and go as you pay.” We must adapt ourselves to the t, changed conditions, which we meet on every hand, and this cannot be done by any very sudden or very radical re forma Over a very large area cotton must remain the chief money crop. To abandon its culture and trust to some other perhaps unfamiliar crop would be the height of folly, but we must not load our agricultural ship to the gun wales with cotton bales and then expect to escape disaster when unfavorable conditions arise. THE USE OF FERTILIZERS. We have always maintained that the wonderful power of commercial fertil izers is but faintly comprehended by those whose misfortune it has been to misapply them. A thoughtful man cannot expect to improve his land with commercial fertilizers alone. The com mon practice of drilling in 100 or 200 pounds to the acre on land destitute of humus is a grave mistake, and has proven a curse rather than a blessing. But, when we fill the land with humus, by turning under vegetable matter, by careful rotation of crops, by making and taking proper care of all the home ma nures possible and by the use of legu ■minous crops, we will find that the profitable use of commercial fertilizers will be limited only by the amount of money We are able to Invest in them. The intelligent use of the fertilizers en ables one to plow deep; to plant reno vating crops; to raise and Improve stock and keep more of it; to make 100 per cent more of home manures, and to double the producing capacity of labor, now our most expensive item. Injudi cious and careless methods are worse than useless. Unless intelligent fore thought marks our plans, the fertilizer fails to feed either the crop or the land. Nothing is more dangerous to the crops, or more depleting to the farmer’s pocket than heavy amounts of commer cial fertilizer indiscriminately applied to worn and exhausted soils. PLANS FOR THE YEAR. The farmer should lay his plans for the year with careful forethought, not overrating advantages, nor underesti mating difficulties. Having thus mapped out his work he is better prepared to take advantage of every favorable op portunity to push it forward to comple tion. Look at the question of HOW MUCH COTTOX TO PLANT From a purely business standpoint. Don’t make your plans on the supposi- tion of a short crop and high prices— both of which are subject to a score of deoidiuff influences, at which we have I no knowledge, and which are also prao i tically beyond our control. Con sider what have been your profits or losses in the past, and the causes leading up to such results. Calculate as to what, with favorable seasons, will be a fair yield, set aside an ample area for all provision crops, and then put in just so muoh cotton as your experience shows that you oau manage success fully. Don’t burden yourself with a cotton crop so heavy that it is a contin ual menace, not only to your peace of mind, but to the successful carrying through of other farm operations. The importance of good plowing cannot be overestimated. The quality of the laud, situation, environment, all should exercise a deciding influence as to the time to plow, the depth to be broken and the kind of plow to use Ou ordinary laud the plowing may go on as long as the we. ther permits, and if a subeoiler follow each turn plow we are taking long odds against injury from drouth next summer. By a subsoiler is meant not the double turn plow. Which will throw a quantity of clay to the sur face, but the long, sharp, strictly sub soil plow, which breaks the subsoil in the bottom of the furrow and leaves it there. In turning stubble, sod, or stiff land, turn each furrow only partly over. By this plan the frosts act more directly upon the vegetable matter and other elements, and when the subsequent preparations for planting are completed this vegetable mould is thoroughly mixed with the soil, instead of remain ing in a layer at the bottom of the furrow. GATHER AND SAVE HOME MANURES. When the weather does not permit the plows to run, the teams cannot be better employed than in gathering up all fertilizing materials which have ac cumulated around yards and barn. If not convenient to compost, it is better to haul and spread directly on the land rather than allow their valuable ele ments to be wasted by alternate freezing and thawing, or by the washing of win ter rains. For many reasons the home mixing of fertilizers is to be greatly pre ferred. The expense is reduced; we know exactly what elements of plant food we are using; we can regulate the proportionate amounts of each to suit the needs of special crops or different soils, and during the process we are led to study more carefully the delicate ad justment of such agricultural truths as are thus brought under our observation. R T. Nesbitt, . Commissioner. Valut ot LaaVM as Manure. Question. —In putting leaves in a stable for bedding, do they add any thing to the manurial value of the mass, or are they simply used as an ob sorbent for the liquid and solid animal manures ? Answer.—Lieaves alone possess con siderable manurial value, as is shown in the improvement of the crops on land which has had a heavy coating of leaves plowed under, and as a bedding for stable purposes they are not ex celled. They not only add their own elements of fertility to the manure, but hold its valuable constituents, prevent ing their escape, and enabling the farmer to save them to apply to his crops. Nothing pays better than to use the teams on wet days, when other farm work is interrupted, to haul up a plen tiful supply of leaves. On farms where this is the rule throughout the year, we hoar little complaint of poor crops and high priced fertilizers. Successful farm ing depends more on good management and care in such small items as this, than <ffi planting large areas. A small farm made rich with all the home ma nures, which can be saved, supple menetd with commercial fertilizers and leguminous crops, will not only be more satisfactory, but will bring in more ac tual cash than a large one cultivated on the plan of taking off more from the land than we return to it. After a while the annual decrease in fertility will become painfully apparent and then the farmer has either to slowly and painfully retrace his steps and re turn to his land the elements of which he has robbed it, or the money lender comes in to gradually absorb land, house, home—everything.—State Ag ricultural Department. Leaving Manure In Stable. Question.—l am situated so that it will be very inconvenient for me to either haul out the manure from my stables or compost it Will it injure my stock to allow it to remain in the stables for a month or two, provided I am very careful to keep plenty of dry bedding? If this plan is practicable I will avoid one handling, and of course that much trouble and expense. Answer.—While our experience has been that it is much better to haul the manure directly to the field or to com post it, not allowing it to accumulate in the stables, the plan you suggest has some advantage, and if you are careful to keep a bountiful supply of good bed ding your animals will not be materially injured. , By your plan, as you suggest, you will save one handling, You will also save all the liquid manure. You will make muoh more manure, because you will be compelled to use a much larger amount of bedding. You will also pre serve the manure in good condition and when yon are ready to haul it out, which ought to be done long enough before planting time to get the manure thoroughly incorporated into the soil, you will find that its chemical proper ties have been well conserved and that its mechanical condition is such that the spring rains will soon wash its strength into the soil. A good plan be fore beginning to haul is to take a sharp spade, or other suitable implement, and out the manure into blocks of conven ient size to han'dle. This will be found to greatly expedite the moving and hauling of the heavy mass—State Ag ricultural Department. - ENGLISH LAWYERS. The Small Fee* That Are teceived by the London Ba er > ten. A barrister’s fees are « nail, and they are always paid in ad ance, and the •mm is recorded under P e title of the* brief. A friend who has a large practice showed me his feebook yesterday. The largest item was 88 guineas, which is less than S2OO. The average was about 850. Fees are regulated by the benchers of the inn according to the service per formed, and no contingent fees are al lowed. A barrister may accept a case for nothing or return the fee in cases of charity, but he cannot without violat ing his oath, directly or indirectly, ac cept any greater compensation for a legal service than is allowed in the regular schedule fixed by the benchers of his inn. If he does so, he is debarred from practice. It is a common custom in America for a lawyer to undertake a suit for the recovery of damages or a claim of any kind with a contract that he shall re ceive a certain percentage of the amount of money recovered. In England such an act would be considered disreputa ble, and any barrister found guilty would be expelled from his inn. The fees are regulated by the amount of time and labor required, and not by the amount of money involved. A barrister may receive a fee of <250 in a case in volving only 8500, and he may receive a fee of $25 in a case involving $1,000,- 000. All legal business originates with so licitors. They bring to the barrister’s office a case all prepared after certain forms and written in manuscript The British courts do not permit typewrit ing. The solicitor requests the barrister to undertake the case, and the fee is marked plainly upon the brief. If the barrister does not care to undertake the labor for the amount of money allowed or for any other reason, he advises the solicitor to go elsewhere. If he accepts the responsibility, the solicitor leaves the amount of the fee in coin with the brief, so that the barrister has his pay in advance. This is the almost invaria ble custom. The only exceptions are in cases of close friendship between the solicitors and barristers and where there is a large amount of litigation in which both are involved. Then it is customary for the barrister to make up his bill at the end of the month or the end of the quarter, but the fee in each case must nevertheless be written upon the brief and recorded in the books of the court It is customary, also, for the solicitor to leave a fee for the barrister’s clerk at the same time, which must be a cer tain percentage of that paid to the bar rister When you dine at a hotel or a restaurant in England, it is customary to tip the waiter an amount equal to 5 per cent of your bill for the same rea son. The waiter receives no compensa tion from his employer, nor does the barrister’s clerk. His pay comes entire ly from the clients, and if*his princi pal has no clients he gets no pay. On the other hand, if his principal has a very large and profitable practice his fees are enormous. They say that the clerk of Sii Charles Russell lives in a handsome Villa down in the suburbs, is driven to and from his office in a brough am and hires a box at the opera for the season.—Chicago Record. No Morp of It For Him. He entered the shop of a fashionable bootmaker, a look of determination on his face. It was such a look as oner sees on the face of a man who is firmly re solved to carry out, at all hazards, a de cision which will change the whole course of his life. “H’m!” he began as the assistant stepped forward and politely questioned him as to his requirements in feet beautifiers. “I want a pair of shoes for my wife, Mrs. Brown.” “Yes, sir, certainly,” said the young man briskly. “Sarno style and size as last week?” ‘ ‘Same style. Size, fives—wide fives, ” replied Brown decidedly. “But—er—excuse me. Mrs. Brown only takes—that is, she usually has 8%,” exclaimed the assistant, who knew the lady well. “Are you married, young man?” queried Brown sternly, the look of de termination deepening on his careworn features. “Er—not yet, sir,”, answered the shopman, blushing. “I thought not” returned Brown, "lam! I am not going to suffer half an hour’s purgatory every morning, watching a woman trying to squeeze a bushel of feet into a peck of boots. I’ve stood it long enough, and I’m going to take her a pair that will fit ”—Fear son’s Weekly. Making Things Clear. An old Peebles worthy and an Eng lish lady were one day recently occu pants of a railway carriage in an Edin burgh bound train. The train had been waiting long at a certain station, and there was no appearance of its starting, when the worthy remarked, "They’re a gey taiglesome lot here.” "I beg your pardon,” said the lady. . “I’m sayin they’re an awfu’ daidlin squad here,” said the old fellow. "I really beg your pardon, sir,” she rejoined. "I’m remarkin they’re a vera dreich lot here the nlcht, w the old gentleman further ventured. "Really, I must again beg your par don,” said the lady, with marked em barrassment, "but I do not comprehend you. ” J "I was just trying to say the train was late,” he finally blurted. . "Indeed, sir, it is very late,” agreed the lady. And the conversation collapsed.— Dundee News. 11 ■■ 1 / Good Looks Go a Great Way. ‘ ‘Miss Highsee is a beautiful singer, isn’t she?”- "Very. That was what made her singing so endurable.”—Washington Times. /' H ICELAND PONIES, ** They Are Doeila and Marvel* of Strength and Lur'araaon. If the camel is the ship of the desert, the Iceland pony is the cab, train, omnibus and tram car of the wonderful country to which be belong*. To begin with, he Is a misnomer. Ho is not a pony in the ordi nary sense of the word. He is a hone in bone and sinew, In strength snd endur ance, in manner* and deportment— * hone in everything, in fact, except inches, and a sober, steady, hardworking horse too. He 1* a very “multum in parvo,” a “oen oentrated essence” of horseflesh. He can swim like a fish, climb like a goat and jump like a deer. He sticks at nothing and takes every variety of travel—bog, lava bed, sand, bowlders and grass mounds —with undisturbed equanimity. If he has to ford one or two rivers, with strong currents flowing girth deep, it is all 1.. the day's work. Only give him time and periodical halts for refreshment and he will do his 50 miles per day and thrive nit on it Iceland ponies are bred in hundreds in the largo grass plains in the southern dis tricts of the island. Little or no care is taken in selection, so the breed remain* unaltered and unimproved, the average pony standing from 11J4 to 12hands, though here and there one will reach to nearly 18 hands. Every variety of color is •sen, but skewbalds of many shades are the commonest. The chestnuts, as a rule, are the finest and tho browns the hardiest. Beautiful cream colon, with light points, are not infrequent. Black is very rare, and roan also. Their paces are fast, con sidering the size of the animal, a journey of 32 miles being often done in six hours or less, with heavy baggage. They trot, canter and gallop, but the pace most es teemed by the natives is the amble or “skeid,” in which the fore and hind legs on a side are advanced simultaneously, giving a running action, very smooth to the rider. A good pacer is considered very valuable and often sold for a high price. Some of these ponies amble so fast that they keep ahead of another going at a hand gallop, and they maintain the pace for a day’s journey under h weight of 11 to 14 stone. Iceland ponies are steady and fast In harness, though wheels are a compara tively new departure in their country. They travel mostly in strings, often tied head and tail. Hay, baggage and house hold goods are thus transported, and building materials also. You meet a“tim bur lestur, ” or timber team, of from eight to ten ponies, one carrying planks trailing on each side, another strips of iron, an other bundles of tools; a certain number of spare animals running loose, and not Infrequently a foal or two. It is as rare to see a dead Iceland pony as a dead donkey, though their skulls are often visible, half trodden into the miry ways surrounding the farms. The pony begins'work at 6 or 7 years—hard work, that is to say. He is early apprenticed to his trade by following his mother at her avocations and when he is footsore is strapped upon her back. He works well up to 20 years and over and often remains fairly sound to a ripe old age. He feeds on the fat of the land in summer, and in winter, if his owner is poor, must live on his wits and his stored condition. Farm ers who are fairly well off keep their ani mals In during winter and feed them on hay, but notwithstanding many of the ponies have a bard time of it. The Ice landers, however, keep their steeds as well as their means allow and treat them alto gether in a brotherly fashion, and the 8. P. C. A. would seldom find scope for Its activity, except, possibly, in the improve ment of bitting and gearing. Taking it all around, the Iceland pony is certainly not lees happy—very often far happier— than his bigger brothers in the south, and his endurance, placidity and docility make him a favorite in other lands besides his own, while fitting him for his home du ties in a manner which could not be sur passed and must be tested to be fully un derstood.—London Globe. How He Got a Divorce. Here is a Judge Gary story: It was a bigamy case, and the accused man, afaer living two years with the second woman, had agreed to plead guilty. But this was only after he had secured solemn assur ance from the state attorney that his consequent sentence would absolutely di vorce him from wife No. 2. He wished it understood that he was willing to suffer a term in the penitentiary if on release that superfluous woman, whom he had taken as a result of great misapprehension, would have no possible claim upon him. So he went into court. “ You fully understand what the plea of guilty means, do you?” asked Judge Gary, regarding the devoted man with great kindness. “Yes, your honor “It will be my duv/ tn that case to sen tence you to the penitentiary. You un derstand that?” “Yes, your honor, Anything to get free.” Judge Gary seemed to be writing a mo ment, and then he said grimly and with out looking up: “I suppose there are some things beside which prison would be a re lief. Any relative or friend of the defend ant in court?” A solitary woman stood up in the benches and said in a rasping, nerve shat tering voice: “I’m his second wife, judge.” The man of law looked at her without lifting his head or suspending his pretend ed writing. Then he said in his usual searching tone: “Some things beside which prison would be a relief. You ought to be willing to take three years.” The prisoner nodded cheerfully. “Then I will give you one year; You seem to have had the other two before they arrested you. ” Chicago Post. The Campaign “Orator.” One of the saddest things about a cam paign is the fact that a great many men who haven’t sense enough to pound sand go about making wild and incoherent speeches for Tom, Dick and Harry. Gen erally they are gentlemen who are out of work and who couldn’t earn 00 cents a month at honest toil, yet they have no hes itation whatever in telling the people how to run the municipal machine without losing money on it Their speeches are poor, baiting, stammering effort* that make reasonable men sigh and moan, but the gifted gentlemen are totally uncon scious of this, for they continue to whoop it up for their chosen candidate, just as though they were making the hit of their lives. Before the campaign is at an end they accumulate such a gall that they oom* to imagine themselves gifted orator* upon whom the mantle of Henry Clay ha* settled for keeps, and whenever they go out to take a walk they think that every body along the street is pointing the finger of admiration at them. The fact is the av erage man has no business trying to make a speech. Such seldom fail to make sick ening spectacles of themselves whenever I they attempt it.—New York Telegram. | in 4 uj r? r?. ■■ £sl rL 111 finRPVPKKTWVNNVIfi) 111 lU UI9IJ !<|l Iml ■ . THAT THE ■ SIGNATURE, sinitating the Food andßetfufei- 11 ftgibeStonadfiandßowusdr M of PromotesTHgestion,Cheerful- _J nessandifesLCoatains neither ■ Opium. Morphine nor Mineral. ■ jq qtt ittTpi NotNahcotic. M WRAPPER I ■ or every ] I BOTTLE OB’ Aperfect Remedy for Cons tipa- ■A 9| A9% R 0 tion. Sour Stomach, Diarrhoea, MIR M RTh SR a BR Worms .Convulsions .Feverish- HR BR ’tk S RRB±nK* ; |vHo 8 lInSR NEW SfORK. H Oaitoria i« put la bottle* cmly. Il afivwjrSafißSfnHfiwaßa Mb not told in bulk. Don't sUo* onycM to anythin,- on the plea or protnuw th A : R h "jnit an good" and "will snsr-cr every jrar- H P oß9 '" Soe that ycm get C-A-B-T-O-B-tA EXACT COPY OF WRAPPea. ■ /'#• , y - •- —GET YOUR JOB PRINTING DONE JLT The Morning Call Office. We have just supplied our Job Office with a complete line ol Btatioaerv kinds and can get up, on short notice, anything wknted in the way oi LETTER HEADS, BILL HEADR STATEMENTS, LRCULARB, ENVELOPES, NOTES, MORTGAGES, - PROGRAMS, JARDS, POSTERS’ DODGERS, ETC., ETC We imy toe best iue Os ENVELOPES yw jTy.-ed ; this trade. Aa attraedvt. axy size can be issued on short notice. Our prices for work of all kinds will compare favorably with tho*e obtailfad rat any office in the state. When you want job printing off any description give w call Satisfaction guaranteed. - . , ALL WORK DONE With Neatness and Dispatch. Out of town orders will receive prompt attention J. P. &S B. SawtelL Itari FSiFimr ♦ ♦ ♦ - ‘'S? Schedule in Effect Dec. 12, 1897. "W0.4~ NO. IX Mo. 8 No.T~ir. ll jte/r Dally. Daily. Daily. *tatiows. _____ D * >ly ' DlUiy ' P<Uy ' TyOpm 405 pm 7Mam Lv At1anta..........^-...Ar 785V** 11 Maa* I***? Sfapm 4 45pm SMamLvJonesboroAr SMpm MMam • 15pm RMpS »oTsbi ££ll Griffin Ar SUpm »sj*m •»“ • 45pm •AOpm •40«mrArLL7. Barnesville Lv Cttpm *lß*ol *47am - t7 40pm tl2p6pm Ar... - Thomaston. Lv t*Mpm ««am - Wa _ 10 1; pm 888 pm 10 Mam Ar ForsythLv *l4 pm 810 am 1110 pm 730 pm 1110 am ArMacon ...Lv 415 pm 800 am 1111*0 8 10pm Moßpm ArGordon...Lv BWpm TMam 8 Warn +BSO pm fl Upm ArMilledgeville.Lv MM*m 180 am K 117 pm Ar .T®SSKu.....-Lv IM pm ,ifiS • Uam IfepnAr MillenLvllMam «® am flss pm Ar Anguata Lv BMam 800 am 800 pm Ar azvasnS I»v 845 am '’“P* •Daily, fexcept Sunday. Train for Newnan. QanoHton and Cedartown leaves Griffin «•.’!»»< dally except Sunday. «eturnin<, arrive* in Griffin 680 p re. and 18 40 p m daily exoagt Sunday. For further Information apply to