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COEN STALKS FOR CATT LE Farmers Urged to Make Use of This Valuable Forage. MB. NESBITT DIBOUBBEB MATTER ?' t i-*i*i*lMlo*«r ot Agr leal tore Requests Georgia Sall Tillers to Giro the Now rood Staff • Trial—A* to the Cotton Acreage—Week Daring the I’art Month Delayed by Bad Weather. i Department or Agriculture, Atlanta, Feb 1, 1898. • SHREDDED CORN STALKS. At a matter of much importance to farmers, I again call their attention to the immense value of the corn stalks usually left standing and wasting in the fields when they are shredded and used for forage. I have recently had a con versation with a gentleman who is now selling all he can make of this forage at $lO a ton in carload lots, and sl2 a ton in smaller quantities. His experience is that from to 2)£ tons of shredded fodder can be made to the acre, accord ing to the size and number of plants, and that * large machine will ent each day the product from six to 12 acres. Os course in both cases the amount is determined by the quality and yield of the cbm crop. It has been ascertained that the larger ihachines accomplish more profitable and more satisfactory work than the smaller ones, the stalks being more thoroughly cut and shredded. These machines being portable, if one farmer cannot afford the higher price for the larger machine, a combination of farmers can invest in due and thus by moving from on"e farm to another the stalks for a neighborhood may be converted into a wholesome and nutri tive food. Or, as suggested before, one man may own such a machine and by working all farms in reach during the fall and winter the entire crop of corn stalks may be shredded without expense to the owners. A strange proposition; but nevertheless true, because the toll may be paid in kind, and is taken from an otherwise worthless product. At the experiment station farm the stripped stalks, which had been left standing on the fields until January, were hauled up and shredded’. The pro duct was not only readily eaten by the farm animals, but upon analysis was found to contain more nutrimsut than an equid amount of the cottonseed hulls, now so popular as stock food. The shredded fodder has this additional advantage over the hulls, it is much more relished by horses" and mules, as well as cattle, and there is not the same precaution necessary in feeding it. It is well known by those who feed cotton seed hulls that there is danger of its be coming compacted, if fed in too large quantities, and that it is always safer to mix it with other more concentrated foodutuffs. The utilization of such a tremendous quantity of forage will enable us not only to raise more and better cattle and farm stock for home use, but will give an impetus to stock raising for export There is a growing demand from the west for southern cattle, and with fhis enormous addition to our food stuffs, a comparatively large number of beeves may be successfully raised to meet this market without drawing too heavily upon the other resources of the farm. Thus will be opened a new source of income for the south and also the foundation be laid for a direct exportation to Europe of thousands of southern raised beeves. We have every advantage of climate and transporta tion, and once the business gets a firm foothold, we can scarcely compute its benefits to the south. Our superior situ ation and environment will give us au immense leverage over our western com petitors. This plan of shredding and utilizing the otherwise useless cogn stalks is growing in favor each day and the time is coming when the shredded fodder will be as much an article of commerce as the popular cottonseed hulls, once considered equally worth less; THE COTTON ACREAGE. We have no new arguments to offer on this subject on whiclf hangs the pros perity, not of the farmers only, but of the whole south, and we may spy, of the country at large. In the successful and profitable handling and marketing of our cotton crop by farmers, buyers, manufacturers and other* Weinolude a very large per cent of Ohr national pop ulation, and therefore the decision of the farmers as to how much cotton they will undertake to raise in '9B is a mat ter of almost as much importance to the whole country as to themselves. This decision to some extent affects present conditions also, for as soon as jt beqomes known that a large crop it to be planted, the price either continues depressed or falls lower; whereas, if a reduced area is decided on, prides and the general cotton trade show a favorable tendency. In our inquiry columns are spme very pertinent questions as to the cotton sit uation and the conditions of sUpplf And demand. We have endeavored to an swer them fully and clearly,-ahd to em phasize what we have so Often repeated in these columns, that the farmers, in dividually, must control this matter No convention or set of resolutions however intelligent the former, or forci ble the latter, seem powerful enough to cope with it Each farmer must study the question for himself and must de cide, not how much cotton he can raise, but how much he can raise profitably.’ When this is dene, and when each man sets aside a sufficient area for abundant home supplies it will be found that a reduction of the cotton area is a fore gone conclusion. Profitable cotton pro duction hinges on home supplies-ana by that term we do not mean plain bre’ad and meat, but plenty of poultry, eggs, milk, butter, fruit and vegetables as well. In our climate all can be produced at little cost and in greatest abundance. But if a man overburdens himself with an expensive cotton crop he has no time to-attend to these socalled mjnnr crops and when the cotton is gathered and sold ten chances to one he will have no money to buy necessary food, much less the articles of comfort, and even luxury, which he oould have produced on his farm at a scarcely appreciable cost. Our past experience has made these facts plain, but the certainty of a cash market for cotton, and the uncer- - . tainty of beiug able to sell a surplus of any other crop, has tempted the large body of farmers to continue to plant big crops of cotton, and to take the chances < of selling them for enough to buy needed supplies; implements, etc. The cheapness at which we can produce all food crops should forever set at rest this question of home,supplies. Our mistaken policy on this point and the crowding of the cotton market has re duced our income from that source mil lions and millions of dollars, and when to this is added short food supplies our condition is deplorable indeed. WORK FOR THE MONTH. Bad weather has somewhat delayed farm work', although in many sections ' farmers have taken advantage of the bright days to push forward prepara tions for another crop. February is the best average month for sowing spring oats. If the soil is thin make it rich by manures or fertilizers. Oats will not do well on poor land any more than other crops, but, with the same care and plant food that we give other crops, they often make far better returns, and there is no better stock food known to south ern farmers. Whenever the ground is dry enough the regular field plowing should go on. Don’t plow when the land is too wet. This is a mistake which it often requires years to repair. Use a ■ubsoiler wherever possible, its good effects will be noticeable when our long summer drouth sets in. Clover and grass may be sown. Both require thorough preparation and high ma nuring. In the southern nart of the state all the earlier vegetables may be planted, and it is in this month that the general Irish potato crop is planted. For various reasons the eastern ci;op was a failure last year. Prices are rulinghigh and, will no ;donbt continue fair. For this reason a southern crop, which can be forced on the market early, would pay. It would be well, however, to study the markets, and not wait until the crop is ready before making any ar rangements to dispose of -it. Complete your arrangements before hand, don’t leave anything to chance. Many of cur farmers know how to raise potatoes suc cessfully, but not all of these know how to market them profitably. Jeff Wel born says we can grow them much cheaper here than they do at the north, and if the seed used are from the fall grown crop they wid come on much earlier. He has raised eight crops, fall and spring, in four years, on the same land, without a change of seed, and each year the potatoes have improved in quality and quantity. After the spring crop is taken off he sows the land in early maturing peas. When these are taken off, the laud is in fine condition for the fall crop, and thus he gets three crops off the same area. The land, after the peas, is thoroughly prepared, and he gets about 160 bushels of potatoes with out any other fertilizer than the peas. If the ground has been well broken and the planting properly managed, a very shallow cultivation is all that is neces sary. In field crops, just as the plants begin to break the ground, it is well to rnn a harrow across the rows to break the crust. Do not run a deep furrow near the rows. Keep the patch free from weeds. For the.northern markets ship in 11-peck potato barrels instead of sacks, they keep better and are more attentive in appearance—both of which add to the price. R. T. Nesbitt, Oommissioner. SOME COTTON STATISTICS. Yield and Frlcas Darina the Past Few Years—Figures For Farmers. Question. —What were the total cot ton crops for 1895-96 and 1896-97, and their average price, and as far as known what has been the crop and the ptoce for 1897-98? Answer.—The cotton crop for 1895-96, official figures, was 7,157,346 bales, and the average price was 8.09 cents per pound. The crop of 1896-97 was 8,757,- 964 bales, and ihe average price was 7.42 cents per pound. Up to Jan. 1, 1898, 7,260,033 bales have been marketed, and the average price was 6.05 cents per pound. By comparing this with the re ceipts un to Jan. 1, 1897, we find that there was up to Jan. 1, 1898, marketed 861,841 bales more than to Jan. 1, 1897. We also find that owing to the differ ence in price, although there was such . a large excess of bales, the farmers of the south have lost $54,305,046—a strik ing commentary on large crops and low prices. It is almost beyond belief that the cotton crop, which is virtually a monopoly, and which should be a means of independence, is surely becoming the cause of general depression and poverty. —State Agricultural Department. Lice and Mites on Poultry. Question.—l live in the southern part of the state, and, owing to the climate, I suppose our poultry is much troubled with mites and lice. lam careful about keeping the coops clean, but in spite of this these vermin seem to multiply very rapidly. How shall I destroy them ? Answer.—The coops should be thor oughly whitewashed inside and out with a limewash in which has been mixed crude carbolic acid. Every part of the roosts should be brushed over With kerosine, old nests removed and all litter burned up. An experienced poultry raiser says the easiest plan to get rid of the pests on the fowls them selves is the following: Fill a five gallon oil can about two-thirds full of warm water and add about 1 ounce of carbolic acid. Select a clear, bright morning and dip each fowl bodily into the bath, covering every part. Hold it up to drip a few seconds and then turn it loose. In an hour they will be dry and free from living lice.—State Agricultural Department , The Sugar Beet Industry. Question. —Please tell me something about the cultivation of sugar beets, the method, cost, preparation for market, kind of soil suitable, etc. How are the factories in this country succeeding ? Is thq sugar of good quality and is the crop one which can be cultivated as the south ? How much do ‘ manufacturers pay for them? ' Answer.—As yet the sugar beet in dustry in this country is in its infancy, andwebaveto depend on the experi ence of others for enlightenment on the pointe on which you reqtnet informa tion. The following is fretn a man of large experience both in thia country and in Europe, and what, he says on sugar beet culture is reliable and valu able. He says the soil shculd be good. The crop will not pay if planted on poor ’ ground, or on muck laud, or on land which has not good drainage, or if the eoil is not in a good state of cultivation. Ihe cost of raising au acre of beets la too high for them to be grown on poor land. The success of this industry is in the hands of the farmers and not in the hands of the manufacturers. No matter how perfect the machinery or how econ omically a factory is managed, if the beets are brought to the factory not iu proper condition the expenses are doubled and the farmer is docked, which means loss of time, general disconrage men t and want of success to both man ufacturer and planter. The beets when delivered at the factor/ should be cut off flat at the root of the leaves, so that none of the green top is left This is absolutely necessary iu order to make a good standard of sugar. Every beet of which the green juice of the leaves is mixed with the beet juice proper is au obstacle to crystalizing the sugar, and every drop of that green juice must be eliminated before the white granulated sugar can be manufactured. All the fertilizing properties of the beets are contained in the tops and the farmer meets with a double loss if he carries them to.the factory instead of cutting them off and leaving them on his laud. He is docked 8 or 10 per cent at the fac tory, and wastes the valuable fertilizing properties of the tops which are thrown away. METHOD OF CULTIVATING'SUGAR BEETS. The rows should be 18 or 20 inches apart, the plants thinned out to stand sor 6 inches in the row. Do not wait until the young beets are surrounded by weeds, but cultivate with the hoe as soon as the plants can be seen. The thinning should be done as soon as the plants have two to four leaves. After this keep the weeds and grass down by the hoi’se hoe, cultivating often, to loosen the earth around the plants and give air to the roots. As the cultivation is very expensive no chance should be neglected which will help to make as large a crop as possible. If weeds and grass are allowed to grow they will take up the strength of the soil, which should be used to make the beets. The rows should not be further than 20 inches apart. If wider than this the beets will be larger but will not yield as much in weight per acre, and besides, what the sugar manufacturer wants is small beets, from 1 to 2% pounds in weight. These are more profitable to handle and have also a higher percentage of sugar and less water than the larger sizes. COST OF CULTIVATING AN ACRE IN SUGAR BEETS. Preparation of land: plowing and • harrowing $ 2 00 Extra harrowing before putting in seed 50 Tilling and rolling 1 50 Cleaning between the rows with hand hoe 3 00 Thinning out and resetting plants to stand 5 or 6 inches, and clean- ing between rows 6 00 Cleaning with horse hoe 75 Cleaning with horse hoc and slightly hilling up 75 Taking out weeds near the beets, which horse hoe has left ] 25 Pulling up, topping, putting tho beets in small heaps and cover ing with leaves G 00 Loading and hauling to market, estimating 12 tons to the acre, at 50 cents per ton, a distance of 6 miles 6 00 $27 00 The 12 tons at $4.00 per ton would be S4B 00 Cost of cultivating as above 27 75 S2O 25 In this account labor is estimated at $1.25 a day, and no allowance is made for fertilizers or cost of seed. The United States Department of Agricult ure estimates the cost »er acre 4or the first few years at fronF S4O to SSO per acre, though in many'instances it will fall below these figures. The cost varies so, with varying conditions, that it is impossible to give an estimate which will suit every locality. The price paid at the factory is from $4 to $5 per ton, according to quality, and the yield is from 10 to 20 tons per acre. The best fertilization for beets is secured by a heavy application of homemade manure on a previous crop. The first run of beet sugar in New Yoik state was made the past month and the product was smooth grained, white and sweet. There are other factories springing up over the country and there af'e eight already in successful opera tion. Professor Massey says: “I was struck with the identity, so far as culti vation is concerned, of the sugar beet culture and that of cotton? I fully be lieve that the negroes, who are accus tomed to the cultivation and thinning of cotton, would make the best of hands in the beet field. I believe that we can grow the beets as well as they can in Nebraska and grow them more cheaply. " He says also that our "cot ton sweep" as a cultivator, beats all the variety of tools that he saw used for beet cultivation. LamPfor beets should always be prepared very deeply. Sub soiled, if possible.-r State -- t- ENGLISH LAWYERS. Th* Small Fem That Ara Received by th* London Barrister*. A barrister's fees are small, and they are always paid in advance, and the sum is recorded under the title of the brief. A friend who has a large practice showed me his feebook yesterday. The largest item was 88 guineas, which is leas than S2OO. The average w A about SSO. Fees are regulated by the benchers of the inn according to the service per formed, and no contingent fees are al lowed. A barrister may accept a case for nothing or return the fee in cases of charity, but he cannot without violat ing his oath, directly or indirectly, ac cept any greater compensation for a legal service than is allowed in the regular schedule fixed by the benchers of his inn. If he does so, he is debarred from practice. It is a common custom in America for a lawyer to undertake a suit for the recovery of damages or a claim of any kind with a contract that he shall re ceive a certain percentage of the amount of money recovered. In England such an act would be considered disreputa ble, and any barrister Jfound guilty would be expelled fromnis inn. The fees are regulated by the amount of time and labor required, and not by the amount of money involved. A barrister may receive a fee of $250 in a case in volving only SSOO, and he may receive a fee of $25 in a case involving $1,000,- 000. All legal business originates with so licitors. They bring to the barrister's office a case all prepared after certain forms and written in manuscript The British courts do not permit typewrit ing. The solicitor requests the barrister to undertake the case, and the fee is marked plainly upon the brief. If the barrister-does not care to undertake the labor for the amount of money allowed or for any other reason, he advises the solicitor to go elsewhere. If he accepts the responsibility, the solicitor leaves the amount of the fee in coin with the brief, so that the barrister has his pay in advance. This is the almost invaria ble custom. The only exceptions are in cases of close friendship between the solicitors and barristers and where there is a large amount of litigation in which both are involved. Then it is customary for the barrister to make up his bill at the end of the month or the end of the quarter, but the fee in each case must nevertheless be written upon the brief and recorded in the books of the court. It is customary, also, for the solicitor to leave a fee for the barrister’s clerk at the same time, which must be a cer tain percentage of that paid to the bar rister. When you dino at a hotel or a restaurant in England, it is customary to tip the waiter an amount equal to 5 per cent of your bill for the same rea son. The waiter receives no compensa tion from his employer, nor does the barrister’s clerk. His pay comes entire ly from the client?, and if his princi pal has no clients he gets no pay. On the other hand, if his principal has a very large and profitable practice his fees are enormous. They say that the clerk of Six Charles Russell lives in a handsome villa down in the suburbs, is driven to and from his office in a brough am and hires a box at the opera for the season.—Chicago Record. No More of It For Him. He entered the shop of a fashionable bootmaker, a look of determination on his face. It was such a look as one 1 sees on the face of a man who is firmly re solved to carry out, at all hazards, a de cision which will change the whole course of his life. “H’m!” he began as the assistant stepped forward and politely questioned him as to his requirements in feet beautifiers. “I want a pair of shoes for my wife, Mrs. Brown. ” —» "Yes, sir, certainly,” said the young man briskly. “Same style and size as last week?" “Same style. Size, fives—wide fives, ” replied Brown decidedly. “But—er—excuse me. Mrs. Brown only takes—that is, she usually has BX," exclaimed the assistant, who knew the lady well. “Are you married, young man?” queried Brown sternly, the look of de termination deepening on bis careworn features. “Er—not yet, sir," answered the shopman, blushing. “I thought not,” returned Brown. “I am! I am not going to suffer half an hour’s purgatory every morning, watching a woman trying to squeeze a bushel of feet into a peck of boots. I’ve stood it long enough, and I’m going to take her a pair that will fit ”—Pear son’s Weekly. Making Things Clear. An old Peebles worthy and an Eng lish lady were one day recently occu pants of a railway carriage in an Edin burgh bound train. The train had been waiting long at a certain station, and there was no appearance of its starting, when the worthy remarked, “They’re a gey taiglesome lot here. ” “I beg your pardon,” said the lady. “I’m sayin they’re an awfu’ daidlin squad berg,’ ’ said the old fellow. “I really beg your pardon, sir," she rejoined. “I’m remarkin they’re a vera dreich lot here the nicht,” the old gentleman further ventured. “Really, I must, again beg your par don, ” said the lady, with marked em barrassment, “but I do not comprehend you.” “I was just trying to say the train was late,*’ he finally blurted. “Indeed, sir, it is very late," agreed the lady. And the conversation collapsed.— Dundee News. Good Look* Go a Great Way. “Mias Higbsee is a beautiful singer, isn’t she?" “Very. That was what made her singing so, endurabPe. "—Washington Times. you. ” .-ttT . CEp Maernra.i l THAT THE 111BQ IM 1 ||FAC-SIMILE AtatabtePftpara&mforAs- SIGNATURE slmilating tteYoodandßeti ufc- Promote sT>i<estion.Cheerful- ness and Bfest.Contains neither Opnim,Morphine nor Mineral. ■ jg TpTT <; Not Narcotic. I WRAPPER I OF EVEBY j I bottle OF Aperfect Remedy for Cons lipa- figfe M SKi S 8L lion. Sour Stomach,Diarrhoea, Worms .Convulsions .Feverish- 1] a® Wigs g fefej ness and Loss of Sleep. gljMaJ | Facsimile of I VIIV ■ V U zy/✓zjrrz?! - M NEW ~YOHK. K Oastcris h pct op in we-dw bottles only, Il ■** Dot ln Doa 1 to r.? is “just as good" and "will nns ver every pnr »i pose." Si- 8,, that you gat C-A-S-T O-S-I-A. *• M **** EXACT COPY OF WRAPFEH. ■ „ —GET YOUR — JOB PRINTING DONE AJT The Morning Call Office. ' ■ We have Just supplied our Job Office with a complete line 01 (Stationer* kinds and can get up, on short notice, anything wanted in the way or LETTER HEADS, BILL HEADS. STATEMENTS, IRCULARB, ENVELOPES, NOTES, MORTGAGES,• PROGRAMS, CARDS, . POSTERS DODGERS, ETC., ifllS We c'-rry U/e xst inc of F.NVEIXVEH 7n ifittC : thistradx. An a.lrac.ivc POSTER ci a£y size can be issued on short notice— —■ oiMwgMM Our prices for work of all kinds will compare favorably with those obtained *ou any office in the state. When you want job printing of*any d«f*rijti<n live t< call Satisfaction guaranteed. * .*■ ' ' • ■■ ALL WOBK DONE J With Neatness and Dispatch. Out of town orders will receive prompt attention. j J. P. & S B. Saxtell. “ ml oFltoSlSfi" <i» «s<• <> ■<s* <» Schedule in Effect Jan. 9, 1898. T<o4 No.U No/J _ J nJ.’! 1 1 £s■,* Daily. Dally. Dally. btatioct- Z_L. j- ' TislSS ISgISSS «gS 3 S«£ J® " H4O pm tianspm Ar Thomaston. H? *2 2J2 SIT am lOlspm 631 pm 1015 am Ar Forsyth Lt 6Wa»j »««“ 1110 pm TSO pm 1110 am Ar • ••••• .Mftcon ••••••• ••••■• •• • Lv| 415 pw 809 aid 1119 am 810 pm 12 08pm Ar Oordon.,. Lt 1W pmj 7 W afc »" M? t 8 50 pm tl 15 pm Ar Milledgeville Lv *fW ■ «sl . 130 am 117 pm Ar L !i!£‘£S 2Al«pm 815 am 3S 5 pm Ar Ifntaß.. A H MamF 600 am 600 pm Ar aavanaah Lt 84&an» , , ■■ ... * 1 ■ •Daily, texcept Sunday. « • , . ■ ■ W/ Train for Newnan and Carrollton leavesOriflln at Oss •■’«**“ 1 3* Sunday. Returning, arrives in Griffin 520 p m and 114$ pm dally except SMpflay. J further information apply to C. A WHITB, Ticket AgenVertßn. Oa. 3 CH KO. D. KLINE. Gen'l BupU, aavamah. flay J. O. HAILB. Pen. Paear iww 6aagt. aavsmnaKO*a E. H. HINTON. Traffic Manager, Savannah. Ga. sat pm 815 pm 9«pn> Mis pm 1110 pm UlSam 190 am • IS am • 95 am • 00 am