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GEM SCULPTURE. /_
•Somethin* About ths Makin* ot Cam sue
and Intaglios.
Gem sculpture, or' lithoglyptics, is
an art of great antiquity, having been
practiced by the Babylonians, the Egyp
tians, the Hebrews and the Greeks.
Afterward it sank into decadence, but
in the fifteenth century was revived in
Italy. It is an art that calls for great
elegance of taste and much skill, for on
a small stone, generally precious, de
signs are represented either in raised
work, as cameos, or by being cut below
the surface, as intaglios
To cameos the term “minute sculp
ture” is indeed applicable, for since
the days of Greek art celebrated statues
have been copied in this way. The first
intaglios were the scarabs, or beetle
shaped signets, worn in rings by the
Egyptians from a very remote period.
One side of the stone was shaped like a
beetle, the other side was flat, and the
name of the king or wearer was cut in
to it A hole was then drilled in the
stone from end to end, and through it a
strong wire was passed to hold it in
position in a ring. The flat or seal side
was always worn next to the finger, but
when used as a seal it was turned.
In the art of gem sculpture the
Greeks excelled all predecessors. The
Etruscans, contemporary with the
Greeks, also attained excellence in gem
cutting, and it is said that “on these
early gems of Etruscan or Greek origin
may be read as in a book the forms of
their religion and the subjects ot popu
lar interest in politics, song and fable
tor centuries "
s Under Augustus gem sculpture flour
ished among the Romans, many of them
possessing oameos and intaglios ot great
value, end cabinets ot costly gems be
came numerous It Is said that Caesar
tent aix cabinet* ot rare gems to the
temple ot Venue
There are many sns oameos and in
taglios In the British museum Among
the finest ot them accessible to the pub
lie are the "Cupid and Goose" intaglio,
the "Dying Amazon," the "Laughing
Fawn," "Bacchus” on red jasper, and
the "Julius Cresar" of Dioscurides. In
modern times gem sculpture has reached
a high state of perfection and beauty.
—Philadelphia Times.
THE FUNCTION OF ETHER.
Without It There Would Be No Light,
Radiant Heat or Magnetism.
“Whatever difficulties we may have
in forming a consistent idea of the con
stitution of the ether, there can be no
doubt that the interplanetary and inter
stellar spaces are not empty, but are oc
cupied by a material substance or body
which is certainly the largest and prob
ably the most uniform body of which
we have any knowledge. ”
Such was the verdict pronounced
some 20 years ago by James Clerk
Maxwell, one of the very greatest of
nineteenth century physicists, regard
ing the existence of an all pervading
plenum in the universe in which every
particle of tangible matter is immersed
And this verdict may be said to express
the attitude of the entire philosophical
world of our day. Without exception
the authoritative physicists of our time
accept this plenum as a verity and rea
son about it with something of the same
confidence they manifest in speaking of
“ponderable” matter or of energy. It is
true there are those among them who
are disposed to deny that this all per
vading plenum merits the name of mat
ter, but that it is a something, and a
vastly important something at that, all
are agreed. Without it, they allege, we
should know nothing of light, of radiant
heat, of electricity or magnetism. With
out it there would probably be no such
thing as gravitation—nay, they even
hint that without this strange some
thing, ether, there would be no such
thing as matter in the universe. If these
contentions of the modern physicist are
justified, then this intangible ether is
incomparably the most important as
well as the “largest and most uniform
substance or body” in the universe. Its
discovery may well be looked upon as
the most important feat of our century.
—Henry Smith Williams, M. D., in
Harper’s Magazine.
A Good Story of Sheridan.
Sheridan once had occasion to call at
a hairdresser’s to order a wig. On be
ing measured, the barber, who was a
liberal soul, invited the orator to take
some refreshment in an inner room.
Here he regaled him with a bottle of
port and showed so much hospitality
that Sheridan’s heart was touched.
When they rose from the table and
were about separating, the latter, look
ing the barber full in the face, said,
“On reflecting, I don’t intend that you
shall make my wig.”
Astonished and with a blank visage,
the other exclaimed: “Good heavens,
Mr. Sheridan! How can I have dis
pleased you?”
“Whir, look you,” said Sheridan,
"you are an honest fellow, and, I re
peat it, you shan’t make my wig, for I
never intended to pay for it I’ll go to
another less worthy son of the craft. ”
—Liverpool Mercury.
Spoiled Pleasure.
Mrs. Meyer—What’s the trouble, Mrs.
Schulz? You are in bad humor this
morning.
Mrs. Schulz—You see, my husband
staid at the club every night last week
until after midnight Last night I sat
up, determined to give him a curtain
lecture, when he got in late. And what
do you think? The fool came home at
9 o’clock.—Fliegende Blatter.
Apoplexy has increased in England
in a very remarkable degree since 1860.
In the 16 years ending with 1866 there
were 457 deaths from apoplexy per
1,000,000 inhabitanta Last year the
ratio was 577 per 1,000,000.
The eruption of Etna has entirely de
stroyed the chestnut woods on the
mountain slopes, the trees being devas
tated by the lava
LIGHTHOUSE IMPROVEMENT
Change* That Have Been Made In Lights
and Lenses.
Ah article about lighthouses, entitled
“The Lights That Guide In the Night,”
is contributed by Lieutenant John M.
Ellicott to St. N icbolas. After telling
of the growth in the number of light
houses Lieutenant, Ellicott sayft:
Meantime the means of lighting were
being steadily improved. The open fire
gave place to the oil lamp, then a
curved mirror, called a parabolic mir
ror, was placed behind the lamp to
bring the rays together; next, many
lamps with mirrors were grouped about
a central spindle, and seme such lights
are still in operation. The greatest
stride came when an arrangement of
lenses, known as the Fresnel lens, in
front of a lamp replaced the mirror be
hind if. This lens was rapidly improved
for lighthouse purposes, until now a
cylindrical glass house surrounds the
lamp flame. This house has lens shaped
walls, which bend all the rays to form
a horizontal zone of strong light which
pierces the darkness to a great distance.
The rapid increase in the number of
lighthouses has made it necessary to
have some means of telling one from
another, or, as it is termed, of giving
to each light its “characteristic.” Col
oring the glass made the light dimmer,
but as red comes most nearly to white
light in brightness some lights have red
lenses. The latest and best plan, how
ever, is to set upright prisms at inter
vals in a circular framework around
the lens and to revolve this frame by
clockwork. Thus the light is made to
flash every time a prism passes between
it and an observer. By changing the
number and places of the prisms or the
speed of the clockwork the flashes for
any one light can bo made to occur at
intervals of so many seconds for that
light Putting in red prisms gives still
other changes. Thus each light has its
“characteristic,” and this is written
down in signs on the charts and fully
stated in the light lists carried by ves
sels. Thus, on a chart you may note
that the light you want to sight is
marked “F. W., v. W. Fl., 10 sec.,”
Which means that it is “fixed white
varied by white flashes every ten sec
onds. ” When a light is sighted, you see
if those are its characteristics, and if so
you have found the right one.
MOTHER GOOSE.
The Iconoclast Throw* a Big Stone at
Boston’s Famous Personage.
Iconoclastic Boston has decided that
if there ever was a Mother Goose with
poetical talents—which isn’t likely—
she was not the Mother Goose buried in
that city and whose grave has for years
been haunted by sentimental, patriotic
and more or less literary visitors from
all parts of the country. It seems that
the respectable Mrs. Elizabeth Goose,
whom legend credits with the composi
tion of all those sprightly lyrics in
which, for no very good reason, ’chil
dren are supposed to take such delight,
had no more right to a place among
America’s eminent women than Jack
the Giant Killer has to be included
among our famous generals. She lived
and she died, and that, except the
names of her parents and the fact that
she had some children, is absolutely all
which is known about her.
The story that she wrote, or at least
collected, the famous'poems is a myth
invented by one of the presumably good
lady’s descendants. “Mere I’Oye” was
from time out of mind a character in
French fairy tales. The name first ap
peared in English in 1729, when the
prose “Contes de ma mere I’oye” were
translated as “Tales of Passed Times
by Mother Goose. ” This book became
the property of John Newbery of Lon
don, the famous publisher of little
books for children, and about 1765 he
utilized the trade name by printing as
a companion book “Mother Goose’s
Melodies.” Tho latter was merely a
collection of old English nursery rhymes.
From England it came to America and
was reprinted by Isaiah Thomas of
Worcester, Mass., about 1787, then by
Munroe & Francis of Boston about 1825,
and now by every one. The fiction
about Mrs. Elizabeth Goose of Boston
was started by John Flint Eliot about
1860, utterly without proof or probabil
ity, and has since been repeated, gain
ing imaginary details at every stage.—
New York Times.
The Queen of Greece.
It is said by a lady who recently vis
ited Greece and had the honor of meet
ing the royal family that perfect har
mony exists between them, and the king
and queen are devoted to their children.
The queen is still a very beautiful wom
an and the only lady admiral in the
world. She holds this rank in the Rus
sian army, an honorary appointment
conferred on her by the late czar because
her father held the rank of high ad
miral and for the reason that she is a
very capable yachtswoman. The king
has a very remarkable memory, an in
teresting personality, and is a brilliant
conversationalist. He goes about the
streets of Athens without any attend
ants and talks with any friend he
chances to meet. Prince George is very
attractive, and his feats of strength,
shown often in the cause of chivalry,
are a continuous subject of conversation
among the people.
A Telling Look.
“lean tell a man I like the first time
I look at him. ”
“Yes, ” rejoined the other girl, “your
eyes are certainly very expressive.”
Os course, the poet was on the right
track, but it is woman’s inhumanity
to woman that really stimulates the
crape market.—Detroit Journal
The first ingredient in conversation
is truth, the next good sense, the third
good humor and the fourth wit. —Sir
William Temple.
There are V'veral “giant bells” in
Moscow, the'largest, “the King of
Bells,” weighing 432,000 pounds.
SCHOOLS AND POLITICS.
A Scheme With Beal Estate Trimmings
That Won In Oregon.
“Speaking of schools in relation to
politics,” said the ex-boomer from Ore
gon, “always reminds me of a campaign
in which I was interested some years
ago. The Douglas county representative
in the Oregon state legislature, realiz
ing that his popularity was not exceed
ingly great, had been talking of build
ing a new state normal school, presum
ably at Roseburg, the county seat and
his own home. This caused great con
sternation among the 850 inhabitants
of tho little city of Drain, who had been
profiting by the courtesy title of ‘Drain
Academy and Oregon State Normal
school, ’ under which the school there
had been run since 1885. The postmas
ter, who kept a drug store and sold
school supplies, took counsel with his
sister-in-law, who dealt in millinery
and ran a boarding house for students,
and she sought the mayor, at whose
general merchandise emporium she was
the principal customer.
“The mayor was a man who thought
slowly, but to a purpose, and, having
set himself the task of devising some
way of circumventing the member
from Roseburg, he passed the next three
days in profound cogitation. He con
ceived a scheme whose various elabora
tions and ramifications were too diver
sified for him to handle alone, and he
came to me for help. I had just gained
considerable influence in the county
through backing a projected railroad to
the coast, and also as a real estate deal
er and sawmill owner. With my busi
ness methods and the mayor's knowl
edge of the conditions confronting us
our plans were soon put into operation.
First, we suggested the candidacy of an
ambitious young Drainite, a dealer in
leather goods and hardware, for mem
ber of the legislature, taking all the
Wind out of his opponent’s sails by
heartily indorsing the talk in favor of a
new normal school. Meantime we had
a large grain field of the mayor’s, which
had begun to lose its fertility on ac
count of overcultivation, surveyed into
city lots, and as soon as our candidate
had received the regular party nomina
tion we put the town site of East Drain,
with its streets named after conspicuous
men of the state, on tho market and
gave one of its centrally located blocks
for the new normal school
“ Well, everything came to pass ex
actly as we had planned. Our candidate
was elected, and the building of the new
normal school on the site we gave was
authorized. We sold a sufficient num
ber of East Drain lots to more than pay
for the land and all expenses. The con
tractors on the new school were men
who had aided the legislation authoriz
ing it, and they got their supplies from
the mayor, their hardware from the
member and their lumber from me. My
mill also supplied lumber for other
buildings in East Drain, including a
new boarding house for the milliner,
who has prospered ever since. The post
master’s increased business soon war
ranted his moving into one of the two
brick buildings in the city of Drain, and
the former dealer in leather goods and
hardware is still member of the Oregon
legislature.”—New York Sun.
Duration of Human Life.
That the human being was intended
for greater length of life than is usually
attained in our artificial existence is
probable from the fact that he does not
reach his full and complete development
until his twenty-fifth year. The life of
most of the low animals is reckoned to
be about five times their maturity in a
natural condition, and, although dis
turbing causes interfere with human
life in the present day, yet within cer
tain limits man is subject to the same
laws as every other type of existence in
either the animal or the vegetable king
dom.
Nature has assigned to him a certain
period during which he should attain to
a sound physical and mental maturity,
and any attempt to curtail that period
by early forcing is and must be neces
sarily productive of lamentable results.
The boy or girl may be developed under
a system of steady “cramming” into a
highly accomplished man or woman,
long before full age has been reached,
but it may be accepted as an axiom in
almost all instances that the earlier the
development the earlier the decay. The
lesson to be learned from the records of
those who have lived to advanced years
is that moderation in all things, whether
physical or intellectual, is the secret of
long life, and that it is easy by system
atically violating this rule to produce an
artificial old age.—Nineteenth Century
A Friendly Bar Examination.
A Georgia correspondent sends us this
account of a young man’s oral examina
tion for the bar by a local committee
before an old judge, who was also an
old acquaintance of the candidate. Be
ing asked, “Whatis arson?” he scratch
ed his head and finally said, “I believe
that’s p’jzon, ain’t it?”
On this the old judge, to help him
out, says: “Tnt, tut, Jim. Suppose I
were to set fire to your house and burn
it down, what would that be?"
With quick and emphatic reply Jim
says, “I think it would be a dad dratted
mean trick. ”
But although this answer was not
technically accurate Jim was in the
hands of his friends and was honorably
admitted. —Case and Comment
Walked Right Over Them.
“So your wife won that suit about
; her real estate?”
“Os course. Yon didn’t suppose that
i such little obstacles as a judge, 8 law
yers and 12 jurymen could throw her
off the track, did you?”—Detroit Free
! Press. *
Physiological.
Instructor—What is It that gives to
the blood its bright red color?
Little Miss Thavuoo —I know. It’s
‘ the corpuscles. But ours ain’t red.
They’re blue. Mamma says sex—Chi
cago Tribune.
A PRIVATE AMBULANCE.
BsenlnUoencee ot the Civil War Related
by an Old Soldier.
“Among tho men wounded in my
regiment at a battle in Virginia," said
the old soldier, “was a man in my com
pany who was shot through tho body
and taken to the rear. Our troops fell
back after the fight, and wo had more
wounded than we had transportation
for, but two men out of his own tent
so; out to carry this man wherever wt
were going, which was presumably
the camp behind intrenchments thal
we’d left in the morning.
“They took turns at backing him foi
half a mile or so until they camo to s
farmhouse that had a grassy yard it
front. They laid him down on the grasi
and took a little look around the hotftt
to see what they could see. In a build
ing at the rear they camo across some
thing that made ’em stand still and
look at each other and laugh. It was a
hand cart. What use the folks here had
made of it they couldn’t guess, but they
knew what use they were going to make
of it They got it out of the building
and rolled it around tho side of the
house alongside the wounded man and
dropped the handle on the grass. He
laughed, too, when he saw it. He was
going the rest of the way in a private
'ambulance.
“The two men took their blankets of!
their shoulders and untied them and
spread their rubbers down on the bot
tom of the hand cart and spread theii
woolen blankets down on them, and
then they ran the hand cart up and rest
ed the handle on the front steps of the
house and lifted in the wounded man
and laid their guns in beside him. Then
they turned the cart around again, and
one man got inside the shafts, with the
crosspiece aganst his waist belt, and
the other man got behind to push. They
all smiled again when they started,
wounded man and all. ,
“It beat backing him out of sight. It
was dry weather, and the roads were
sandy, and up hill and on the level the
wheeling was hard. But there was
more down hill than there was up,
places where they had to hold back,
and it was all immensely more com
fortable for the wounded man, and so
they got him back to camp and to the
surgeon again. But he died after all. ”
—New York Sun.
FORTUNES FROM GARBAGE.
Science Converts the Refuse of Cities Into
Steam, Fertilisers, Soap, Etc.
William George Jordan, writing on
“Wonders of the World’s Waste,” in
The Ladies Home Journal, says: “The
garbage of a great city is worth a for
tune every year if properly utilized. In
St Louis the refuse is placed in enor
mous vertical cylinders, surrounded by
steam jackets, which evaporate the 75
to 80 per cent of water in the garbage.
The fatty substances are dissolved, and
as the result of a number of processes a
fertilizer is produced which is worth
from $9 to sl2 per ton, the demand ex
ceeding the supply. One of the purest
and best soaps of the country was made
of garbage grease before cottonseed oil
entered the field. It is now proposed to
light London by electricity for nothing.
It now costs that city fl.oß (4s. Bd.) to
get rid of a ton of garbage. A combina
tion of rollers and other apparatus has
l been devised that can burn the garbage
at 24 cents (1 shilling) per ton and gen
erate steam sufficient to run enough dy
namos to light the entire city. London
, can thus save Bs. Bd. on each ton and
in addition illuminate its city without
cost Garbage, by a machine called the
dust destructor, is converted into clink
ers, which can be used for roadways, as
artificial stone for sidewalks and as
sanflor mortar and cement. In Parii
the invisible particles of iron, worn
from wheels and from the shoes of
horses, are rescued by passing powerful
magnets through the sweepings. ”
A Vision of the Future.
Clarence King, formerly chief of the
United States geological survey, says:
“The time is not far distant when
a man can start out of Denver and
travel to Klondike, stopping every night
at a mining camp. Already two Ameri
i can stamp mills are pounding away on
i the borders of the strait of Magellan,
i and the day is approaching when a
’ chain of mining camps will extend from
i Cape Horn to St Michael’s. I believe
r we are about to enter upon a century
’ which will open up vast resources and
will be the grandest the earth has ever
i known. Before the end of the twentieth
century the traveler will eniefa sleep
ing car at Chicago bound via Bering
strait for St Petersburg, and the
, dream of Governor Gilpin will be real
. ized. ’ ’
* Slang.
* The difference between ancient and
modern slang was amusingly illustrated
in a recent incident at the Chautauqua
assembly, when the teacher of English
j literature asked, “ What is the mean-
I ing of the Shakespearian phrase ‘Go
to?’ ” and a member of the class replied,
1 “Oh, that is only the sixteenth century
expression of the modern term ‘Come
J off. ’ ” The two phrases, while appar
ently opposite, do, in fact, substantially
mean the same thing.—Chicago Chron
; :
r A Natural Inference.
“Did you hear what Whimpton’s lit
tle boy said when they showed him the
twins?”
I “No; what was it?”
“He said, ‘There, mamma’s been get-
* ting bargains again.’” Collier’s
' Weekly.
r
0 It is an extraordinary fact that only
two presidents were born between April
and October. The record by months is
as follows: January, 2; February, 8;
March, 4; April, 1; July, 1; August, 1;
October, 8; November, 4; December, 2.
In Russia women householders vote
for all elective officers and ou all local
matters.
ANOPEN LETTER
To MOTHERS.
WE ARE ASSERTING IN THE COURTS OUR RIGHT TO THE
EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE WORD ‘*CABTORIA,”AND -j
“ PITCHER’S CASTORIA, 1 ’ as our trade
I, DR. SAMUEL PITCHER, qf Hyannis, Massachusetts,
was the originator of “PITCHER'S CASTORIA,” the same
that has borne and does now m eoery
bear the facsimile signature of wrapper.
This is the original “ PITCHER’S CASTORIA, ’ which has been
used in the homes of the Mothers of America for over thirty *
years. LOOK CAREFULLY at the wrapper and see that it is
the kind you have always bought //tt — on
and has the signature of wrap-
per. No one has authority from me to use my name ex
cept The Centaur Company of which Chas. H. Fletcher is
President. n/, ,ay J - B
March 8. 1897.
Do Not Be Deceived
Do not endanger life of your child by accepting
a cheap substitute which some druggist may offer yo”
(because he makes a few more pennies on it), the in
gredients of which even he docs not know.
“The Kind You Have Always Bought”
BEARS THE FAC-SIMILE SIGNATURE CF
• ■ 'awl
X* Ar J MA rAr »
Insist on Having
The Kind That Never Failed You.
thc otsnua eoeieenr, rr Musser eraser. ««•»,»« •!»»
—-■ ' ■
—GET YOTTH —
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An adracavc FOSTER cf any size can be issued on short notice.
Our prices for work of all kinds will compare favorably with thoee obtained row
any office in the state. When yon want job printing oljany detciiptlcn give u*
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CEUTfIIL OF GEORGIA RAILWAI CO.
Schedule in Effect Jan. 9, 1898.
Tio. 4 No. U 10. 2
! Dally. Dally. Daily. rrArrow*.Dally. Dally. Pttly.
Iso pea 4 06pn> 7Co*n> Dr .'..........At1anta ...Ar T3* jun 1110 an 15“
BSpm 447 pm 8 28am Lv.....JonesboroAr 612 pm 10 38am
915 pm 6 30pm 912smLrGriffin Ar 612 pm 9s*am
945 pm 606 pm 945 am Ar... Barnesville.....Lv 642 pm 92zam *l7am
+740 pm 11806 pm Ar.... -Thomaston.Lv t3OO pm t7Mam
10 Is pm 631pmlOUamArForsythLv 614 pm 862 am
1110 pm 720 pm 11 Mam Ar. .Mason ...pv 4Upm 8«0am
1219 am 810 pm 1208 pm Ar Gordon Lv Bb4pm 7Warn 310 ms
. t 8 Ar Milk-OrevlUe Lv ««am, M
I ISS MgS
! ‘.SS ■ 88g
•Dally, texoept Bonday.
Train for Newnan and Canrollton leaves Griffin at 9« am, and 1 s 0 par dally exemt
Sunday. Betunfne, arrives In Griffin »20pm«ndl240pii: dally except Sunday. Far
further information apply to
I J.C. RAlLKGen.PWMMMrAMtkaßvaaMh.aae
I E, H. HINTON. Traffic Manager. Savannah. Oa.
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