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’ — - lA W of self defense. ,(• ■ _ r~"T **" T^ o w,rL,y?* r * 1 - Fr ” t * e * > ” > The right of self defense io by some oJd writers declared to be inherent in , n men by the law of nature. Now, L-ese “natural rights” are aU very *".11 but they are not recognized by Xa law of Great Britain. It is the law Tr.t ft man may defend himself, his child or servant from physical ag- * ggiou. He may also repel by force a foible attack upon his property. When _ OOI or your wife, child, or servant is or threatened with violence goo h a manner as reasonably to lead you to believe that violence is about-to be used, you may resist the aggressor. A nd as the best mode of resistance is very often to attack, you may lawfully follow the advice given by an old prize fighter to a pupil—i. e., “get in the first whack.” But self defense must be moderate. It must not be totally disproportioned to the attack. For instance, if a hullfe. jng ruffian runs at me with a knife, I may shoot him. But if he runs at me merely with his fists clinched, and I ahoot him dead with a revolver, I shall probably be hanged by the neck. Not that the law expects a man to be calm and cool and collected in all circum stances. By no means. For instance, if the said burly ruffian rushes at me with clinched fists, evidently meaning mis chief, and I hit him with a heavy stick on the back of the ear, I may kill him. But I shall not be hanged for that. I had a right to use the stick, and in the circumstances I am not to be supposed to be cool enough to aim for a spot not likely to be fatal. Again, self defense must not develop into revenge. Thus, if I am threatened with a knife, and by the timely display of a pistol I frighten my assailant so that he runs away, I must not, shoot after him. If X do, I am just as liable as though he had never threatened me, because I shoot at him not in self defense, but byway of pun ishment-or revenge.—Family Lawyer. LAW OF THE UMBRELLA. An Important Opinion That Has Been Ascribed to Lord Coleridge. The law as to umbrellas was settled once for all by Lord Coleridge in a lead ing English case. His lordship held: “Umbrellas, properly considered,-are a part of the atmospheric or meteorolog ical condition, and as such there can- be no individual property right, in them. In Sampson versus Thompson defendant was charged with standing on plaintiff’s front steps during a storm and thereby soaking up a large quantity of rain to which plaintiff was entitled. But the court held that the rain was any man’s rain, no matter where it fell. It fol lows, therefore, that the umbrella is any man’s umbrella. In all ages rain and umbrellas have gone together, and there is no reason why they should be separated in law. An umbrella may, under certain circumstances—the chief of which is possession—take on the at tributes of personal property, just as if a man set a tub and catch a quantity of rainwater, that rainwater will be considered as his personal belonging while it is in his tub. But if the sun evaporate the water and it is rained down again or if the tub is upset-and the water spilled then the attribute of personal ownership instantly disap pears. So if a man hold his umbrella in his hand it may be considered a per sonal belonging, but the moment it leaves his hand it returns to the great, general, indivisable, common stock of umbrellas, whither the law will not at tempt to pursue it.” So far as we know there has never been a successful appeal from this de cision.—Chicago News. A Disturbing Sermon. Many years ago an English clergyman in a small town preached as his own a sermon, one that he had bought, and which had been originally preached in London when the plague was raging in that city. After reproving the vice of the people, the sermon went on: “For this vice it is that God has vis ited you and your families with that cruel scourge, the plague, which is now spreading everywhere in this town. ” At his uttering these words the peo ple were all so' thunderstruck that the chief magistrate was obliged to go to the pulpit and to ask him: “For God’s sake, sir, pardon the in terruption, and inform me where the plague is, that I may instantly endeavor to prevent its further spreading.” “The plague, sir?” replied the preach er. “I know nothing about the plague. Whether it is in the town or not, it is in my homily.” A Reluctant Complaint. The Denver Times tells of a school* boy in that city who has written a let ter to the school board which shows that the average American youth can see a point before he sits down on it. He says: “Mr. Director—My sister, who is the schoolteacher, whips me every day. Pa and ma told her to whip me oftener than she did the others so they wouldn’t think she was partial X write to let you know this is too thin. She is an old maid and gets mad be cause she can’t get married, and when ever she gets to feeling that way she larrups me. I hate to say such things about my sister, but it’s so. ” Soothing Btgcirtinn Johnny had been playing around the piano and had had a fall. “What are you bawling about?” ask •d Willie contemptuously. “It was the soft pedal your head hit.”—Chicago Tribune. The domesticated Malay cat has a tail that is only about one-half the usual length, and very often it is tied by na ture in a kind of knot which cannot be straightened out When Leyden was besieged by the Spanish army in 1574, the city govern ment issued credit notes on leather. » ... „ W • ' * TURKISH CUSTOM HOUSE. I The Trouble* Travelers Have, Especially With Books and Maps. Many amusing stories are told of the trouble American travelers have bad with the custom house authorities in Turkey, especially with books and maps. In the old days one’s baggage would be dumped down on the landing place at Constantinople, and a turbaned old Turk, tebibouk in hand, would go through a pantomime of examining one’s effects, which would be abruptly brought to an end by the application of an appropriate coin to the palm of his hand. But the political troubles that began some years ago in the Ottoman empire caused the government to insti tute a more stringent system, and there is now at Constantinople a custom house more after the American style, where a number of effendis, in fezes and Stambouli coats of the regular offi cial cut, pry into one’s luggage with particular care in search of papers and -books and maps of a revolutionary tend ency or in which words forbidden to be printed in Turkey may be found. During the height of the Armenian agitation especially close search was al ways made for anything with the word “Armenia” in it, and Whatever it was found in was summarily confiscated. On the occasion of my last visit to Con stantinople I happened to have a map of Asia Minor among my papers, the discovery of which greatly agitated the examining effendi, who spoke in a lan guage bethought was French. “Ah, Azeea Meenoorl” he exclaimed as he spread it opt, continuing in his Turko- French, ‘ ’ Show me Erzerum. ’ ’ Having pointed out to him the spot where that city was to be found, he began running his finger over the map until he Struck upon the letter A. This seemed almost to take his breath away, but When a short distance to the right of it he found the letter R he fairly gasped. The detection of the letter M following it was lika an electrio shock, and a bomb explosion could not have startled, him more than the discovery of the let ter E. By the time he had deciphered the remaining letters, NIA, I saw that the game was up, and as be folded up my precious map and in stern and measured syllables announced to me that it was “de-fon-dew, con-fis-kay,” I knew that it was lost to me forever. A Review with an article alluding to the disturbed condition of affairs in the Turkish empire followed the map, along wish some foreign newspapers.—Har per’s Round Table. A SMALL MAN’S REVENGE. He Ruffles the Dignity of Two Women In a VUMe Car. The small sized, unobtrusive man gets revenge now and then, as was ex emplified yesterday in a Broadway cable oar bound down town. s He got on at Twenty-third street and saw only one vacant seat. Other passengers who stood up were clinging to the straps in a semihypnotic condition and did not observe the vacant place. Two women, strangers to each other, richly clad and wearing diamond earrings, were the guardians of the vacant space, which was hardly wide enough to even admit the small man to a comfortable seat Either of the women, by moving a lit tle, could have made a larger space, but they chose to sit as impassive as statues while the diminutive man crowded into the place. He exhibited all the signs of being uncomfortable, but these implacable cosmopolitans moved not At Tenth street a large woman, weighing about 200 pounds, boarded the car. With the air of a Chesterfield the small man lifted bis hat and said: - “Pray, take my seat. ” “Thank you, sir, ” she replied aa she started to kit down. Consternation was depicted upon the faces of the two rich ly clad women as they tried to edge ‘away to make the space wider. It was too late, for the heavy woman crushed into the seat and came in contact with the other women. There were the noise of crumpling cloth and the swish of skirts as the two women tried to move from the weight pinning part of their dresses down. It was a scramble to give the heavy woman enough room, and all dignity was lost. The passengers smiled, and none more so than the small man, who had bad his revenge.—New York Commercial. Marie Antoinette's Books. The unhappy Queen Marie Antoinette possessed an important library of 4,712 volumes, consisting of plays and ro-. mances, little books a la mode, the works of Pascal, Bossuet, Fenelon, Bourdaloue, Massillon, Boileau, Cous seau, Corneille, Moliere, Voltaire and many others. She loved music passion ately and had a large collection of operas in 89 numbers. The bindings were by Blaizot and were uniform in red morocco, with the arms of France and Austria stamped upon them. The execution of the work was poor, and the decadence in the art of binding evi dent. The glories of the art of Padeloup and the Deromes had passed away, and the revolution effectually killed what ever knowledge remained of the ancient skill of the bookbinders. Half a century later saw its revival in France, and the art has since flourished both there and on English soil. —Gentleman's Magazine. Couldn’t I*ol Mamma. Mrs. Younglove—Oh, I ami sure that my husband has never told, me a lie in his life. Her Mother—My poor child! You are married to a hypnotist.—Cleveland Leader. The air is so clear in the arctic re gions that conversation can be carried on easily by persons two miles apart It has also been asserted on good authori ty that at Gibraltar the human voice has been distinctly heard at a distance of ten miles. Cleverness is serviceable for every thing, sufficient for nothing.—AmieL - RARE WEST INDIAN SEALS. ’ Two Interesting Specimens Nov a* the £ - . Washington Zoo. i Os the many hundred visitors to ths I Zoological park who were entertained lari i Sunday by the artice of the now pair of I seals, probably very few were .aware that i they viewed an animal of unusual interest. ’ A large card at the front of their tank I bore the following legend: * “Weri Indian seal, Monaohus tropi ca lit; gray; habitat, gulf of Mexico and Caribbean rea, from the Bahama islands ' to the coast of Yucatan and Honduras.” Th* label did not say, as it might have done, that this seal was the first large ani mal of the American continent that was known by Europeans. During Columbus’ voyage to the West Indies in 1494, he anchored off the southern coast of His paniola, near a little island which he called Alta Vela. Several seamen were ordered to climb to the top of the island, and on their return they killed eight “eea wolves,” which Were sleeping on the sands. At that time the seals must have been very abundant in aU the region between the Bahama islands and the Central Ameri can coast, for Dampier, writing in 1675 of the Alacran islands near Yucatan, says: “Here are many seals. They come up to sun themselves only on two or three of the islands.” In 1707 Sir Hans Sloane, writing on the natural history of Jamaica, says: “The Bahama islands are filled with Seals; sometimes Fishers will catch 100 in a night. They try or melt them, and bring off their Oyl tar Lampe to the Islands.” This oil industry seems to have nearly exterminated the seal, for the animal has been almost unknbwn since that time. The single individuals secured at long in tervals have been among the most prized treasures of the great museums, and it was not until very recently that a com plete specimen could be obtained ’upon which to base a scientific description of the Animal. ' This specimen was received at the National museum from Professor Felipe Poey of Havana qftd'was described by Professors True and Lucas of that in stitution. The only places now known to be in habitated by these seals are a few little coral islands off the north coast of Yuca . tan. Here, free from molestation, lives a little remnant which survived the first fierce persecution. Now the oil is no longer wanted, and as their coats are valueless mavy has no incentive to hunt them down. Fishermen go to these islands but rarely, and then only out of curiosity. It is to one of these visits that the Zoo logical park owes its pair of seals. The fishermen who obtained them report the animals as utterly devoid of fear, not moving when approached and allowing themselves to be handled with no sign of alarm. The park is fortunate in having secured both male and female of this rare species. The two animals are of about equal size, 5 feet long or a little less, and would weigh in the neighborhood of 150 pounds. Both are of a dark, leaden brown above, with underparta somewhat lighter. The male has a conspicuous white muzzle and breast, which at once distinguish him from his mate. Both sexes when adult are said to attain a length of from 7 to 8 feet and a weight of 400 or 500 pounds. When out of the water, they progress by a* series of quick hitches, making no use of the flippers. This is evidently a serious exer tion, as they will go but a few feet before stopping to rest. In the water, however, they are models of ease and agility, glid ing back and forth, diving and rolling or standing with head and shoulders out of the water to took about. The valvelike nostrils are tightly shut aa the animal goes under and open with A puff aa it comes to the surface. The female has a penchant for swimming on her back and in circling the tank invariably makes the return in that manner to her starting point. For animals that have been in captivity but a few days they are surprisingly tame, and they certainly bear out the character given them by the fishermen. They come up promptly to inspect a fish that is held out to them, but refuse it until dropped into the water. Then it is seized and put through a long process of biting and shak ing through the water till fairly macerat ed before it is finally eaten. Altogether these seals are most interesting animals, and the Zoological park is fortunate in se curing the first specimens ever exhibited in a zoological garden.—Washington Star. Mount Washington Forest. The recent transfer of forest properties in the White mountain region, by which the trustees under the will of David Pin gree parted with the possession of the Presidential peaks, which they have held for 80 years, does not, as we understand the situation, entail any threat of denud ing the forests in that particular locality. If we are correctly informed —and our in formation comes from the parties to the transaction—the new owners of the prop erty have no intention of destroying the forests for which they have paid so much money. It is their intention to institute a system of forest management there by means of which they will be enabled* to se cure a constant revenue from their forest lands and at the same time perpetuate the growth of trees for timber. In other words, the new owners of the Mount Washington forests intend to apply volun tarily and for their own permanent finan cial benefit the restrictions which the for estry commission wished the legislature to impose, for the public benefit upon ev ery landowner.—Concord Monitor. The Oldest Graduates. Dartmouth's oldest living graduate is Mark Wentworth Fletcher of Wayne, Ills., class of *25. Emillus Kitchell Sayre of Monticello, Mo., who is in feeble health in his eighty-eighth year, is Amherst's oldest. He was in the class of *2B, of which he is the sole survivor. The oldest Williams graduates of the class of *2B are Joseph Lyman Partridge of Brook lyn, 98 years old, and the Rev. Ebenezer Harrison Stratton of Branohport, N. Y. The oldest for Bowdoin college is Freder ick Waite Burke of New York city, 91 years old, of the class of ’24. Wesleyan’s oldest, and indeed her very first graduate, is Daniel H. Chase, who lives in Middle town. Mellen Fitch of West Newton and the class of ’26, now 92 years old, heads the list for the University of Vermont. Lawyer Albert Ware Paine of Bangor, Me., is the oldest graduate of Colby university at Waterville, Me. Dr. Benjamin D. 811 li man at Brooklyn holds the seniority for Yale.—Boston Journal. Wall Taper. * A plain wall paper is far from a long enduring thing of beauty, lovely as it of ten is at the first. There is nothing much more hopeless in the list of housekeeping endeavors than the effort to remove from it the marks that are left by fingers or by a broom. Even dry applications usually make things worse rather than better. A BACHELOR’S QUARTERS. Nothing Homelike About Them, Aeeard " ; 'C in* to the Married Man's Story. They hadn’t met since the old college days, ten years before, and of course the benedict insisted that the bachelor should oome home to dinner with him. “Married the year after I left col lege, ” he said, “and I have the nicest little home and the finest lot of young sters that you ever saw. I want you to come out and see how nicely I’m fixed. I tell you a man doesn't know what life is until he’s married.” * No?" “Well, I should say not.” And so it happened that the bachelor went with the benedict and met the latter’s wife and played with his chil dren and made himself generally useful and popular until they were all seated at the dinner table. It was over the coffee and cigars, aft er the benedict’s wife had left the table, that the benedict finally suggested: “Pretty comfortably fixed, ain’t I, old man? Children, why don’t you go into the other room?” “Very nicely, indeed,” answered the bachelor, replying to the first question Mid ignoring the second. “Oh, there’s nothing like home life,” Went on the benedict “Willie, stop trying to climb on Mr. Brown’s knee. He wants to smoke. Do you know, old man, I laugh when I think of my fool ish idea that I knew in those old days what happiness was. Why, a man doesn’t begin to live until— Maggie, put that nutpick back on the table. Yen’ll jab it in your eye the first thing you know. Yes, sir. I actually have to laugh when I think of it Our idea of contentment in those days was to get a pipe and a book and a bottle of Scotch and lock the door and lie down and— Would you mind moving your coffee cup a little farther back on the table, old man? Tommie’s trying to reach it and my wife would raise my scalp if I should let him break one of her very best cups. That’s it. Thank you. As I was saying, we didn’t know what ease and contentment was in those days. No single man does. A man has to have a big armchair and his slippers all ready for him and everything sort of restful and quiet before— Now, don’t cry, Ma bel. If you didn’t want to get hurt, why did you grab the end of my cigar? Tommie, take her in to her mother.- There, Willie, I told you you’d stick that nutpick into your hand if you didn’t look out. Run into the other room and ask your mother to put a bandage on it. Let’s see, where was I, old man? Oh, yes, I remember now. I was about to say that there’s nothing homelike about a bachelor’s quarters’ ’ — “No,” interrupted the bachelor, with considerable emphasis, “there isn’t.” The benedict couldn’t quite see the reason for suoh an emphatic assertion, but he wisely changed the subject, just the same.—Chicago Post. Feeding a Baby Elejftiant. In St Nicholas F. Fitz Roy Dixon tells of a baby elephant that was cap tured by friends of his in Ceylon, after the death of its mother. Mr. Dixon says: When Sidney was first brought over, virtually in order that she might be fed, the question naturally arose as to how she would take her nourishment. Os course the proper way for an adult elephant to take in water is by means of the trunk, which is furnished with two tubes running its whole But when a bowl of milk was before the baby elephant she did not know what to do with it. She dipped the tip of her trunk into it, and the lookers on thought that there would be no difficulty about her drinking at all, since she recognized the scent of the nourishment she had been accustomed to. But she was quite at a loss and set up a roar which seemed quite natural under the circumstances. Then some one suggested pouring it down her throat from a bottle, and this was ac cordingly tried, and after one or two in effectual attempts she understood. - She was half starved when this was done, for she had had nothing to eat since the death of her mother, and her delight at being fed was most amusing. The only trouble was that it was diffi cult to satisfy her, and it was feared that the change of diet would disagree with her, but fortunately it had no ill effect. - : - Oranges. The very sweetest orange and richest is the black or rusty coated fruit. Pick out the dingiest oranges in the box, and you will get the best. Another way to choose oranges is by weight The heav iest are the best because they have the > thinnest skin and more weight of juice. Thick skinned oranges are apt to be dry. They either weigh less because of hav ing so much skin or because of the pov erty of the juioe in these particular specimens. A slight freezing on the tree causes this condition in otherwise fine fruit The “kid glove” oranges are the two varieties of small fruit grown in Florida from stocks respectively brought from China and from Tangier. They are called mandarin and tanger ine. They may be eaten without soiling a kid glove, because the skin is loose and the little “gores,” or pockets of juice, oome apart very cleanly and with out breaking. All the above applies to Florida oranges. The Jamaica and Ha vana oranges, are much paler yellow, and their juice is usually of more acid quality than the home grown oranges. The Raacal Won. “What’a the price of these gloves?” she asked. “A dollar and seventy-five cento,” said the clerk; “but I’m afraid we haven’t any small enough for you. We can order an extra small size, however. ” “Oh, these will da I’ll take three pairs. ” —Chicago News. ——■to*———— l 111 Two Useful Items. Half a lemon makes a very good sub stitute for a bar of toilet soap, and an orange, cut in half and rubbed on a sooty kettle, makes very good shoe blacking, which takes a fine polish. - "II AN OPEN LETTER To MOTHERS. WE ARE ASSERTING IN THE COURTS OUR RIGHT TO THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE WORD “CASTORIA,” AND “PITCHER’S CASTORIA,” AS OUR TRADE MARK. Z, DR. SAMUEL PITCHER, of Hyannis, Massachusetts, was the originator of “PITCHER’S CASTORIA,” the same that has borne and does now every bear the sac-simile signature of wrapper. This is the original" PITCHER’S CASTORIA,” which has been used in the homes of the Mothers of America for over thirty years. LOOK CAREFULLY ai tte wrapper and see that it is the kind you have always bought ~ on the and has the signature of wrap- per. No one has authority from me to use my name ex cept The Centaur Company of which Chas. H. Fletcher is President. J , March 8,1897. Do Not Be Deceived. Do not endanger the life of your child by accepting a cheap substitute which some druggist may offer yo" (because he makes a few more pennies on it), the in gredients of which even he docs not know. “The Kind You Have Always Bought” BEARS THE FAC-SIMIUE SIGNATURE Gr Insist on Having 1 The Kind That Never Failed ’fou. TME OENTAUR COW RAM V, TV MURRAY RTREET, NEW VORA JEW. - .t-Aar ' ■ y . —GET YOKE — JOB PRINTING , . DONE JLT The Morning Call Office. I!’ _ _ * , . • ,•■*' We have just supplied our Job Office with a anpkk hut c blsbcca*. ’ I' , ..’ ' .« .?y’. .1. ~ kinds and can get up. on short notice, anything wanted in the way or ■ LETTER HEADS, BILL HEADS " . STATEMENTS, IRCULARB" - - ENVELOPES, NOTES, MORTGAGES, ♦ JARDB, - ' POSTERS’!; -J*’’; •• *' •• ' ' ' ’• '■ DODGERS, ETa, ETI i WetmyUe'Ket tue of F.NVEJ/>FEfI tm jTsvc : this trade. I -* An attractive POSTER of aay size can be issued on short notice Our prices for work of all kinds will compare favorably with those obtained roi ' i any office in the state. When you want job printing dfuxiptkn 4He «i 1 ., " . 1 call Satisfaction guaranteed. * 11 ■ ‘ V' ■J ' ' xii '’vA '• J 1 > I .A.LL WORK DONE r With Neatness and Dispatch. ■ ' ' L..- .-=- Out of town orders will receive ' prompt attention- • . jfefc I J. P. & S B. SawtdL