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am Inal ion* made for the < ommlssion of
the grazing system* of the State of Texan,
the State or Wyoming, the Union and
Northern Pacific railroad.-, and of the
Indian office In the case of permit* to
stockmen for the use of Indian lands null
able for gracing, and of the grazing con
dition* throughout the Weal. A map ha*
been prepared showing the general lorn
tlon ;<nd area of the Mummer, winter, and
yftar-long ranges, and the section* which
are largely dependent upon a temporary
Water supply for their untillzation In grox
trq: and those where there han been ex
tensive development by well* nrid wind
rillls We believe that thia map will be
O nml exceedingly valuable and Interest-
Q.g In the consideration of all grazing
broblems, and It I* therefore submitted In
the appendix.
Third Upon the results of a meeting
hailed to confer with the. commission by
.the National hive Stock Association In
T'onver early In August, 1904. whl< h was
attended by the Secretary of Agriculture
and by representative stockmen from all
nla graxtng-land State* and Territories.
,The opinion of the stockmen present was
.almost unanimous In favor of some action
•on the part of the government which
would give the range user some right of
control by whl< h the range ran be kept
from destruction by overcrowding and the
controversies over range rights ran he
satisfactorily eliminated, the only dura
tion being as to the most satisfactory
method by which such right may be ob
tained
Fourth Upon 1,400 anawers recelvi d to
a circular letter addressed to *to< kmen
throughout the West. These answers
show that under the present system the
pasturing value of the ranges ha* deteri
orated and the carrying capacity of Iho
land* has greatly diminished; that the
present condition of affairs Is unsatisfac
tory; that the adoption of a new system of
management would Insure a belter and
mors permanent use of the grazing lands;
that a certain Improvement la ruugo eon
ry >•* 'rn nz mnsz s
. 1 *
dltions Its* already been brought about by
■ atige control on the forest ri erves, nml
that the great bulk of the western stock
men are definitely In favor of government
control of the open range.
Fifth. Upon facts presented at many
public merrtng* held throughout the W> *t
and upon Innumerable suggestions which
have been recalved and considered.
Your commission concurs in the opinion
of the stockmen that some form of gov
ernment control is necessary at ones, but
Is opposed to the Immediate application of
any definite plan to all of the grazing
lands alike, regardless of local conditions
or uoliml grazing value. The following
plan Is Intended To bring about the grad
ual application to each locality of ft
form of control speclAcally suited to
that locality, whether it may l>e ap
plicable to any other locality or not.
Your com ml salon recommends that auit
uble authority be given to the I’resi
dent to set aside, by proclamation, certain
grating dstrlets or reserves. To the Sec
retary of Agriculture. In whose depart
ment ls found the special acquaintance
with range conditions ami live-stock ques
tions which is absolutely necessary for the
wlee solution of theee problems, authority
should be given to classify and appraise
the grastng value of these la ads, to ap
point such officers as the care of each
grazing district may require, to charge
and collect a moderate fee for grazing
permits, snd to make and apply detinue
nnd appropriate regulations to each K'aa
lng district. These regulations should be
framed and applied with special reference
to bringing about the largest permanent
occupation of the country by actual set
tlors and home seekers. All land covered
by any permit so given should continue
to be subject to entry under reasonable
regulations not withstanding such permit.
Mining Laws.
Tovir commission has not yet found It
noaelble to take up the extremely Impor
tant subject of tlie revision of the mining
law* with the thoroughness which it de
serve# Front the evidence already sub
mitted It Is obvious that Important
changes are necessary, both In the l tilted
States amt In Alaska. The commission
hopes to treat this matter more at length
in a subsequent report.
flights of Way.
Tear after year the question of rights of
way across the public lands and reserva
tions has been called to the attention of
the Congress In the reports of the Secre
tary of the Interior and the Commissioner
of the Uencrnl latnd Office. The laws on
this subject are numerous and apparently
often Incongruous. Nights of way are
gt anted contingent upon the execution of
work within n definite time, but decisions
tittd practices tire now In force under
which It has become almost Impossible to
divest the public lands of Ihc Incubus of
these rights, granted conditionally in the
tiret place, but *llll In existence although
the conditions were not fulfilled.
Nights euch as these ere very numerous.
They lie dormant until actual development
l.os begun to take place, either under the
t .-t iemalion act or otherwise; then they
appear In enormous numbers to tha very
m rlous hindrance of new cntsrpnsss.
Your commission is engage*! on a study of
this subject and will report hereafter
t.pou »,
Attention I* called again to the recom
mendation of your commission in Its pre
vious report thereto attached! that entry
of agricultural lands Included In forest re
serve* be permuted under surveys by
metes and hounds, ami siwclal emphasis is
directed to the recommendation, which IS
here renewed, that tn such cases actual
residence at home on the laud lie rigidly
required and that no commutation be al
lowed
Large and Small Holdings.
Detailed study of the practical operation
of the present land laws, particularly of
the desert land act nnd the commutation
i Inuse of the homestead act, shows that
their tendency far too often Is to bring
about land monopoly rather than to mul
tiply small holdings by actual acttlera.
The land laws, decisions, and practices
have become so complicated that the set
tler I* at a marked disadvantage in cam
pari eon with the shrewd business man
who alms to acquire large properties
Not Infrequently their effect Is to put
a premium on perjury and dishonest
methods In the acquisition of land It Is
apparent. In consequence that In very
many localities, and perhaps In general
a larger proportion of the public land Is
passing Into the hands of speculators and
corporations than Into those of actual
set tiers who ere making homes.
This Is not due to the character of the
land In all parts of the United State*
known to your v'enuninskm where such
large holding# are being acquired the
genuine homesteader Is prospering along
side of them under precisely th< same
< ondittons. Win ri %• r Hu- laws have been
bo enforced as to give the settler a reason
able chance he has settled, prospered,
built up the country, and brought about
more complete development and larger
prosperity than where land monopoly
flourishes. Nearly everywhere the large
landowner has succeeded In monopo
lizing the last tracts, whether of timber
or agricultural land There has been
some oulery against this condition.
Yet the lack of greater protest is signifi
cant. It U to be explained by the energy,
shrewdness, anil Influence of the men to
whom the * ontlnuatlnn of the present con
dition is d< slrabb
Your Commission ha* had Inquiries
made as to how a number of estates,
si p-, led haphazard, have been acquired.
Almost Without • xeeptlon collusion or
evasion of the letter and spirit of the
land laws was Involved. It Is not ncr, i
sarlly to be Inferred that the present
owners of the so estate* were dishonest,
but the fact remains that their holding*
were acquired or consolidated by practices
which < on not be defended.
The disastrous effect of this system upon
the well-being of the nation a* a whole
require^little Under the present
conditions, speaking broadly, the large
< date ii ually remains In a low condition
of cultivation, whereas under actual
rcttlcmi nt by Individual homo makers
the some land would have supported many
families In comfort and would have
yielded far greater returns. Agriculture
Ih a pursuit of wlib h |t may be a; serted
absolutely that It rarely reaches Ha heat
development under any concentrated form
of n wnsrshlp.
There exists and Is spreading In the
AVi *t a tenant or hired-labor system
which not only represents a rel llively low
Industrial development, hut whose further
extensions carries with It a most serious
threat. Foltlcnlly, socially, and economic
ally this system Is in I, feasible. Had the
land laws been effective anil effectually
enforced It* growth would have been Im
possible.
It Is often asserted In defense of large
lchl.nr> that, through the operation <>i
enlightened selftshtu**, tho land so held
will eventually be put to Its best use.
Whatever theoretical considerations may
support this statement, In practice It Is
almost universally untrue. Hired labor
on the farm cun not compete with the
man who owns and works hi* land, and if
It eould the owners of large tracts rarely
have the capital to develop them ef
fectively.
Although there Is n tendency to sub
divide large holdings In tha long run, yet
llie desire for such holdings ls so strong
and the belief In their rapid Increase In
value so controlling and so widespread
that the speculative motive governs; and
men go t„ extremes be h.re they will sub
divide lands which they themselves are
not able to utilize.
The fundamental fact that characterizes
the present slUinlion Is this: That llie
number of patents Issued is increasing
out ot all proportion to the number of
new hollies.
Respectfully submitted.
\V A UIC HAN DS,
T. H NKWKI.I.
> GIFFORD UXNCHOT.
Great Surgical Feat.
"Dr. Splinton is tho most experi
enced surgeon in town. Why there’s
no kind of n fracture he rnn't set, and
set with satisfactory results.’’
"Is that so?” said the man with the
steely blue eye. "I wonder if he would
be any good at setting a broken egg.”
The Mnking of E vents.
Some ... -i are hammers, and they fall
With swift relentless shock
This life for them ls. after nil.
One grand persistent knock.
And some nro nnvUs standing there
In undismayed repose
Firm placed nnd solid they must bear
The Impact of the blows.
Tha hammer has Its work to do.
The anvil may not yield
In opposition. ’.'Twlxt the two
Th* worlds work is revealed."
■ — »■»»«. i
I |— —' lit-I • '• J ., ' J . . ....m- . Ml -llr -TC-—----- ; ' HI
I V II
I ! . v * •
j j\ < . * Tx * ' I
fy
HAAKON’S VIKINO KUEET.
li as m> Repeater.
A young Irishman, who had married
when buT nineteen, complained of the
difficulties of married life and swore
he’d never marry so young again if he
lived to bo the age of Methuselah.
The longest lane had a turning.
It is part of nature's plan.
And tho river wide wo l:ig beside.
ls crossed by a single span.
The longest night has a moraine;
Tho sun never fails to rise.
And the mountains of doubt we worry
about
Are stepping stones u the skies,
THE NEW NORWAY,
PEACEFUL WITHDRAWAL FROM
SISTER MOSARCtIY l SPAR-
A Ll. EL ED IS HIS TOR Y.
Frustration of Cherished Ideal of
Sweden to Gradually but Completely
Absorb Norway Personality of New
; Monarch.
| A new monarchy has boon founded
and Us King rules his people to-day;
I yet the accomplishment has been
made without ofie deed of violence.
Fancy, a few hundred years ago, the
secession of a powerful people from a
yet more powerful one. The new
regime would needs have possessed a
genius and a daredevil for a leader,
and then waded with him through
rivers of blood in order to establish
the new throne.
But in the case of Norway, the Bal
lot box was the only weapon used and
the case 1* without a parallel in his
tory.
Tho strange anomaly, too, is pro-
Henteil of the birth of a new dynasty,
while tho most aristocratic and auto
cratic dynasty, situated immediately
adjoining it, is tottering to its fall.
By vote of the Storthing, Norway's
legislative body, the Norwegian people
decided to separate from Sweden; by
vote of tho Norwegians the new re
gime was selected in a inonarchlal
form; and again by vote of the Storth
ing, Prince Charles of Denmark was
selected as the new ruler. There were
a number of the bright lights of Nor
way who favored a republican form of
government, but they could only mus
ter to their banners about twenty per
cent, of the entire vote cast.
The separation of Norway from
Sweden by vote of the Storthing is but
the culmination of a .struggle that goes
way back to the early part of the pres
ent century. Tho general cause as
signed for the separation is the refusal
of King Oscar of Sweden to grant Nor
way a separate consular service of its
own. But this overlooks a salient fact
of history.
Intended Effacement of Norway.
Bernadotte, Napoleon's marshal,
when invited by the Swedish nobles to
become king, pledged himself, for him
self and his successors, to make it the
great principle of Swedish diplomacy
to gradually effect the absorption and
effacement of Norway. Tho nobility
of Sweden hoped by this method to
atone for the loss of Finland. Berna
dotte was unable to complete this pro
ject, but instead arranged a union
which gave Norway many rights. His
pledge he kept so far as ho could and
each of his successors has felt it bind
ing ou him. King Oscar of Sweden,
kind and good natured, would prob
ably have been glad enough to give
tho Norwegians tlit:ir separate consu
lar service, but for the promise made
by his ancestor.
Throughout the eighty-seven years
that the line of Bernadotte has been
on the Swedish throne Norway has
never relinquished the demand for in
dependence, and the fruition of this
great dream is certain to lie followed
by determined efforts toward progress.
They are intensely democratic, are the
Norwegians, in marked contrast to tho
Swedes, who have the habit, of aris
tocracy Htrongly fixed upon them.
There are said to lie only five noble
families in Norway, while there are
three thousand in Sweden.
Outwitting the Russian Game.
With such difference in tempera
ment many expected the people of
Norway to vote for a republic, hut
since the separation boenme a certain
ty there lias never been a moment that
anything but a monarchy was possible.
Had a republic been selected, such a
government would have gotten little
sympathy from any of the powers of
Europe, so that Russia, which has al
ways cast longing eyes at Norway,
might easily absorb the Norwegians
when the time for the blow came. The
split between Sweden and Norway
seemed to offer a new chance for Rus
sia to pounce upon the liitle mouse,
but the cleverness of the diplomats of
Norway in selecting King Edward's
nephew ns ruler and thereby making
England an ally, thwarts Russia iu all
efforts to absorb the new monarchy.
With Prince Carl, second son of
Crowu Prince Christian of Denmark,
tho now King of Norway, the Berna
ilottos do not cease to reign over the
upper half of the Scandinavian penin
sula, popular opinion notwithstanding.
The mother of the new Norwegian
King was at one Simo Princess of Swe
! den and Norway; her father, Charles
XV., ruled over the union prior to
King Oscar ll.’s accession to the
throne.
King Haakon VII.
The King is a young man of thirty-
three, of gentlemanly appearance, in
excellent health and of a very easy
going. liberal turn of mind. He is by
nature weil fitted to rule over the stab
born Norsemen, who do not mind the
i harness so long as they do not feet
i the whip. He is a typical sailor, and
i this fact alone will make him popular
in Norway. Another circumstance in
favor of King Charles or King Haakon
VII.. as he will be styled, is that he
understands the language of the Nor
wegian people; their traditions and
I Wstory are part of those of the coun
try of his birth, Denmark, under the
dominion of which Norway remained
for four hundred years. Six other
Haakons have ruled Norway in years
past when the Norsemen were free.
The first thing King Haakon will be
expected to do is to develop Nor
wegian shipping and maritime trade.
The tinder that started the quarrel be
tween Norway and Sweden was a de
; rnand for a separate consular service.
Now she will have her own consuls.
| Free to act independently of Swe- i
den, Norway will now have a chance !
to stride forward, making, it is be- |
lieved, far greater progress than her
neighbor. The people of the United
States can testify to the admirable at
tributes of such Norwegians as come ,
to our shores and make their homes
with us; they are industrious and i
make the best of citizens. It is un- j
derstood to be the aim of the new
King to try to keep as many of this
industrious class at home, offering
them inducements in the way of estab
lishing new industries. In a short time
he hopes by this method to cause a
wave of prosperity to sweep over the
entire kingdom.
Dr. Fridtjof Nansen, the famous Arc
tic explorer, was largely responsible
for the movement that caused Norway
to seek a King in the person of Prince
Charles of Denmark. Many Americans
had hoped that the new King would !
select Dr. Nansen as Norway's first |
minister to the United States, but it
seems that he has been chosen to rep
resent Norway at the London court.
DISINFECTED HARDERS.
Our German cousins have gone far
ahead of us in hygienic requirements
with reference to barber shops, ac
cording to Consul-General Guenther,
of Frankfort.
The municipal restrictions apply not
only to the utensils aud cosmetics, but
THE ITAL FaMTT.Y.
I
oven to the personal cleanliness of the
harbor himself. The following rule?
have reeenly been promulgated by the (
government of a large German city: i
The cut-off hair must at once be re
moved: the lloor of the shop must be (
washed at least twice per week; cold
and hot running water must be sup- *
plied, and the barber must wash his
hands with warm water before attend- <
ing to a customer. No cretouue or
carpets are permitted iu barber shops. ;
The head rest must l<e covered for
each customer with a fresh napkin of j
paper or linen. The employees must i
wear clean, long upper garments of ]
light color, without pockets. The soap ;
used must be iu form of powder or ■
small tablets. «
The lather from razors must he rc- ;
moved by means of paper. Instead of i
sponges pieces of woolen cloth or
napkins have to be used. Alum or
magnesia can only Ik* used, kept in a
powder box. The bowls and shaving i
brushes must bo cleaned each time 1
after having been used. Nobody is i
allowed to be shaved suffering from
a visible skin disease, unless the pro- ,
prietor of the Imrlier shop is con
vinced that it is not contagious.
Sponges, powder puffs, magnesia and
styptics in lumps, aud revolving |
brushes are prohibited. Scissors,
brushes, and combs, as well as the
hair-cutting machines aud razors, |
must be cleaned with ammonia or j
soda and an antiseptic solution.
Sol :i Laugbiag Mailer.
A pompous, plethoric Englishman (
was ascending the front steps of one
of our sky-scrapers, when a hustling,
cowboy style of a young man, rushed
past him, giving him a vigorous slap
upon that part of his anatomy which
a very tight pair of corduroy papts
made especially conspicuous. Looking
back, the young man. much to his em-.
harrassment, perceived the English
man was an entire stranger.
“I beg your pardon, my dear sir,” j
:he said, "I thought you were Haw
kins.”
The Englishman straightened fcim
‘ self, and with a most disgusted ex
pression cried out, "Who the ‘1 is
Awhlns? ’Awkins may like that sort
, of a thing but HI don’t.”
Horace to Susan.
"The ballot and the bullet go to
j gether,” Horace Greeley once said to
| Susan Anthony. "You women say
von want to vote; are you prepared
to light, too?"
"Yes. Mr. Greeley.” answered Miss
j Anthony, “we are prepared to fight
: exactly as you have always fought—
with the point of a goose quill.”
■ “A CLOSE SHAVE ”
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COGHLAN NEARING LIMIT.
‘‘Hoch der Kaiser” Rear Admiral Mas
Uu looked for Celebration —Re
tires Next Year.
One of the most troubled men in
Uncle Sam's Navy, on a certain Satur
day last month was Rear Admiral
Coghlan, commandant of the New
York Navy Yard. He discovered it
was his sixty-first birthday.
According to all accounts the ad
miral did not, or would not, know his
age. His headquarters In the old
frame building at the yard was fra
grant when he walked upstairs yester
day morning. Sixty-one American
Deauty roses were on his desk. At the
entrance the admiral halted.
“Corporal, why those flowers?”
“Congratulations, Admiral,” Captain
Cronin bu.st out, stalking into the
house, “and many more to you.”
“Many more what?” asked Admiral
Coghlan, looking worried.
“Birthdays, sir,” said the captain.
“Isn’t this your sixty-first?”
Admiral Coghlan looked for his
chair.
“Good Lord.” he ejaculated, “am I
as old as that?”
All day the congratulations poured
in. There was a tinge of sadness in
them, because one year more and
Rear Admiral Coghlan will he retired,
according to the naval regulations. He
insists that he is in no need of the
official chloroform and is good for and
anxious for many years of active serv
ice.
The most expensive tea is known ns
“gold tip.” It is worth from forty to
fifty dollars a pound. On every tea
bush grow four or five little gold tips.
Great care is taken in gathering and
preserving them. A plantation of
tlm*e or four thousand acres will
yield only a few pounds of “gold tip.”
BE A BOOK-KEEPER!
BE A FIRST-CLASS BOOK-KEEPER
You Will Never Fall Asleep Over Your
Work
or be troubled over long: columns of figures, if
you will purchase and master the contents of
"Goodwin's Improved Book-keepingand Business
Annual.” This book is not a luxury but a neces
sity—particularly to the progressive. It leads
directly to money-making and monev-saving.
You can learn from it within six weeks’home
Study bow to open, keep and crtse, ANY set of double-entry books in trie most modern, "up
to-date” manner: change from single to double-entry; locate errors in trial balances: prove
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concent, and more— AlCM more !
Why Go to “College” to Learn Book-keeping
and spend from S6O to S6CO o; tttenev and from 6to 16 months of time to learn an antiquated
system, fu 1 of superfluit es, when the undersigned, wbo has had 31 years’ practical
experience as tut accountant, wiii, for the small sum of $3.00, qualify, you at jour own home
within 6 weeks time to fill ANY position where a first-class book-keeper may be required or
REFUND MOSEY! Could you ask for anything fairer? Price (for book and "course,”)
$3 00. Send for further particulars, or enclose $3.00 in manner directed below, and you will
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I Find Positions, Too, Everywhere, Free!
The undersisued supplies more business houses -with book-keeoers than any ten “com
mercial schools'' w ich could be named, and there is a greater demand f-. r GOOfiYVIN BOOK
KEEPERS than for any oth-r kind. Distance and experience immaterial. Have 7.932
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J. H. GOODWIN
Room 436. 1215 Broadway, - NEW YORK
PENSIONS
Over one Million Dollars
allowed our clients during the last
six years.
Over one Thousand
claims allowed through us dur
ing the last six mouths. Dis»
ability. Age and In
crease pensions obtained
in the shortest possible time.
'Widows* claims a specialty.
Usually granted within 90
days if placed with us immedi
ately on soldier’s death. Fees
fixed by law and payable out of
allowed pension. A successful
experience of 25 years and benefit*
of daily calls at Pension Bureau
are at your service. Highest ref
erences furnished. Local Magis
trates pecuniarily
benefited by sending us
claims.
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