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THE POCKETKNIFE
Many Machines and Processes
Used in Its Making.
ART IN FORGING THE BLADES.
Finer grades of knives nre Riven n
"crocus finish"—a mlrror-Hkc surfnco
on n lontlior wheel which revolves
very slowly, In order tbnt the blades
shall not become hen tod and lose their
temper.
The kulves'nre now tnkon to another
room, where, on nn oilstone, tho keen
cuttluR cdROs nre "set.” This done,
the bindes nre dosed, nnd tho “bull
ing wheel" plves the final polish to the
outer side.—Philadelphia Record.
To Become an Adept In the Delicate
Work of Tempering Edge Steel Ne
cessitates a Long Course of Training
and Years of Experience.
The labor of oinking n pockclUnlfe
is, ns usual in every industry that Is
carried on by the nid of a great deni of
machinery, much divided. Bach blade
must go through sis separate proc
esses—first. forging; second, laying
on the "tangs." that part which Is In
serted Inio the handle nnd through
which the blade Is riveted; third,
marking or stomping with the name
of the manufacturer; fourth, “cboll-
ing." or filing a depression In the neck
of the blade between the sharp edge
and the heavier part or “tang;" fifth,
tempering; sixth, grinding.
All this applies to the two ordinary
blades of a knife. Nail bindes are sub
jected to still another proeess-namely.
the cutting of the file, which is a de
partment of work In Itself.
Should we inspect the material room
of a knife manufactory we should find
heavy Iron presses, which stamp Out
from sheets of brass or iron the metal
scales nud lining. The bflgh't tips ou
the end of the knife, called "bolsters."
nre pressed out of German silver un
der another heavy weight, which does
its work in one blow. Huge,shears cut
from sheets of steel, used only for this
purpose, long strips that nre afterward
fashioned under a press Into spriugs
for the back of the kuife.
The rod of steel from which the
blades nre made is taken from the ma
terial room to the forge. Here one eud
is pur into a bed.of hot coals, the bel
lows are pumped, and the eud is soon
red.
The skilled forger then hammers the
blade Into shape upon tils anvil, nnd
so accurate is his eye and so exact his
hand that the blade does not deviate
a hair’s breadth from the little brass
pattern that Is before him and to
which each blade must correspoud ex
nctly.
Tbe blade is next dipped In wnter
and becomes as hard and brittle as
glass. Rut the edges are rough. It is
nearly uniform In thickness and Is a
light gray hi color.
Again the forger’s skill Is brought
into play In the tempering. Laying
the blades on a copper plate over the
fire, he watches them as they change
their hue with the degree of henL first
to straw color, theu to darker straw
and now to the dark purple which de
notes that the proper degree of heat
has been obtained. They are plunged
into cold water as fast as they reach
this point.
If the blades were allowed to remain
longer over the fire the steel would
change to a light blue and become so
soft that the blades could be bent
easily. This Is perhaps the most im
portant process in the manufacture.
The blades are takeu next to the
grinding room. The grinder must also
depend upon the accuracy of his eye
and the training of his hand, for as he
presses the blade on the rapidly re
volving stone, turning it on both sides
and grinding all its edges, he prac
tically finishes it. though afterward, in
the cutler’s room, a higher finish Is
glveu it.
From the "wheel room" the bindes
go to the cutler's room, where they
find the other parts of the knife and
•where all the.parts are put together.
Each workman here Is at work upon
a particular lot of knives, all of one
patteru. Upon his work bench are the
various parts of the knives, prepared
by other bands—the center scales that
separate the blades, the outer brass
scales of lining, with the German sll
ver bolsters, which have been secured
to the ends by a heavy drop hammer;
the wood, ivory or pearl scales, the
springs und the wire rivets.
Each brass lluing, with its covering,
is put in a vise, and holes nre drilled
in It for the rivets. A brass wire is
thrust through the middle of the han
dle toward the back. This secures the
spring, nnd it is theu broken off with
nippers and headed down with a ham
mer. This holds the scales and spriugs;
Another rivet through the bolster se
cures ouo blade or two blades if tbe
knife, has more than one blade hung
at each end.
The several parts are now put to
gether. The next process Is “ha fting’
or finishing the covers of the handle,
which is done on a leather wheel coat
ed with glue aud emery. Tho rough
edges are rounded aud smoothed, and
thei\ the knives are carefully examin
ed to see if the cutler has done his
work properly.
If the spring works easily and the
blades close without striking the
knives are sent to the blade polisher.
On "a wooden wheel covered with
fine leather the ordinary blades nre
given a polish called^a “glaze finish."
BALLET DANCERS.
Long Training and a Ceaseless Grind
of Hard Work Aro Theirs.
The modern imperial ballet schools
of St. Petersburg and Moscow are un
der government control, forming, with
the theaters nnd dramatic schools, n
department of the ministry of the
court. Pupils, both male aud female,
are entered at the early age of ton
yeurs—seldom older. After the neces
sary nomination has been obtained—
by no means an easy matter nowu-
days-a stringent examination regard
ing henlth.atrength, -beauty of form
and natural'gracefulness has to be
passed before the Child is. finally ac
cepted. From tbe time it becomes an
Inmate the whole of its education,
secular and artistic, is taken in hand,
aud some years of training are neces
sary before it Is considered ripe to ap
pear in public.
The dancer’s life is n ceaseless rotmd
of hard work. All. even great artists,
wheu at home take regular daily
lessons in addition to the dally .re
hearsals for the next performance
which nre demanded, however-old and
wolf known the ballet Thus nn aver
age of five to six hours’ diincihg a
day is rather the rule than the ex
ception. popular ballerinas in demand
at charity performances and artistic at
homes often dancing ns much as eight
hours in the twenty-four.
Trained artists are kept to design
in every detail of period and subject,
tbe dresses, scenery and accessories—a
task obviously requiring much imagi
nation nnd much knowledge—and often
ns many as 150 personages appear on
the stage at the same time. Even the
orchestra leaders qualify especially for
ballet music, having no place in the
orchestra at any other time.—London
World.
THE FOURTH DIMENSION.
To Catch a Glimpse of It Just Get De
lirium Tremens.
The majority of us nre like brutes.
We believe but in the reality of things.
Science, more hospitable, acknowl
edges tho fourth dimension and with
It the constant parade before our eyes
of things and events ordinarily un
seen. The phenomena of delirium tre
mens forms a ease in point The
shapes which the layman believes the
patient only imagines are really seen
and are rendered visible through the
excitation of the pineal gland, which
now is the rudimentary organimf what
once was psychic vision. Alcohol stim
ulates this gland. The drunkard in his
nftercups sees with it the hideousness
of shapes which his own hideousness
has attracted to him. For they are
there, or. rather, they nre here, about
us in the fourth dimension, precisely
ns there are other shapes ns gracious
these are revolting. Only ordi
narily we do not see them. There are.
though, those who can and do, and
without being drunkards either.
Thinkers as sober as Jevons nnd
Babbage go a bit further. -They will,
if you let them, tell you that whatever
occurs In the privacy of a room re
mains photographed in iL A mere
extension of this enables oculists to
say that nothing hns ever occurred
anywhere which is not also photo
graphed: that in the ether above us is
the great picture gallery of tbe world.
In India, at Adyar, the chief lieu of
theosophy, this gallery is constantly
being studied. The results, occasion
ally bizarre, are sometimes trivial. It
has been found that Herbert Spencer
was Aristotle; Gladstone, Cicero; Ten
nyson. Ovid.—Edgar Saltus in Forum.
' A GRANITE BOMB.
.Jack Frost Hurled it Down Into tho
Yosemito Valley.
Pellente frost trnciugs on the win-
flow panes seem to be the work of fnn-
t’lful and harmless sportIveness, but
the hand that forms them Is capable
of greater deeds trad of other kinds'.
Mr. J. Sin on ton Chase, in “Yohemite
Trails.’’ describes an experience that
must have been wonderfully Impres
sive to the spectator. Hu hud been
spending some weeks In exploring the
Yosemlte valley trad the "great rocks,"
like El Capitan. that wall it tu.
Standing one day of late autumn
about tlte middle of the valley. 1 was
startled by a report like a cannon shot
which filled the whole valley with
echoes that roared aud boomed, re
plied trad multiplied, iu a long contin
ued, glorious tumult.
As tbe deafening sound died away in
sullen mUtterlngs under the vizor of
El Capitan 1 was able to distinguish
tbe point of attack by the long, clat
tering descent of a vast quantity of
rock.
Tbe nlgbt had been a cold one In] the
valley, and on the seven to eight thou
sand foot levels of the upper rim the
temperature must have dropped al
most to zero.
Frost, working quietly with his
Archimedean lever, had just succeed
ed in shifting from the shoulder of
the sentinel n trifle of fifty tons or so
of-gtnnlte. For near a thousand feet
the bowlder fell sheer, swift nnd si
lent; then, striking the cliff, it burst
like n bomb, shattered into n myriad
flying shards nnd splinters and dis
lodged n smother of fragments that
trickled dovs^i to the valley in a stream
that-lasted for minutes.
Theh from the spot where the bowl
der had struck dust began to rise into
tbe sunny air. slowly building up und
burgeoning like a summer cloud nnd
every whit ns snowy. It was the flour
of granite, powdered instantaneously
by tbe terrific shock.
GOWNS AND OMENS.
Odd Superstitions That Darken the
Dressmaker’s Sh'op.
"Women who wear fine drosses are
as superstitious ns the girls who make
them." said a dressmaker. "If the lit
tle accidents that happen In the work
room were not mercifully concealed
from tbe owners of rich gowns they
would be sick with apprehension half
the time. 1 had one customer who re
fused to accept a very expensive dress
because a girl who assisted with the
fitting dropped a pair of scissors,
which fell point down and stuck in
the floor. That meant an order for
mourning within six months. The cus
tomer hoped that by refusing the hoo
doo dress she could avert the calamity,
but the precaution was useless. In
less than three months her father was
dead.
"Girls are especially particular in
their work oh wedding dresses, for if
a tiny drop of blood from a pricked
finger should fall on the gown the
bride would surely die before the eud
of the year. Then there is green
thread. Whether the customer is there
to see it or not. no dressmaker will
keep green thread near spools of an
other color. Green thread used for
basting means the return of a dress
for alterations, and there is enough
trouble of that kind In a dressmaking
establishment without deliberately bid
ding for it
"Women who are themselves super
stitious are never surprised or offend
ed at a sewing girl’s untidy coiffure.
The girls tumble their hair about on
purpose when working on a large or
der. for it is a sacred belief among
dressmakers that a hair Inadvertently
worked lut0 the garment shows that
more work is coming soon from the
same customer.”—New York Sun.
Opened His Eyes to the Future.
“Dickie, I'm awfully sorry you use
tobacco. 1 don't like it. aud mamma
simply loathes it. Will you stop when
we ure married?”
"Isn't that asking a lot, dearie?’’
asked Dick.
"I wouldn’t care for myself." an
swered the girl, "hut you know it
makes mamma deathly sick."
"Well, then," he promised cheerfully,
“I'll tell you what I'll do. I'll never
smoke when your mamma is with us."
She threw her nrms around him.
"Durliug," she murmured, "that's so
good of you: I was afraid you'd in
sist on smoking once iu awhile after
we were married!"—New York Globe.
, , Expert Advice.
The prison turnkey found the two
cellmates deeply engrossed. One pored
over the market reports of a ■ news
paper and figured .on the margin with
a pencil. His cellmate sat expectant.
“Bill.'’ said the mathematician at
last, "you could. make $34 a night
Bteulln’ hogs in Iowa."—Success Maga
zine. . .... .
A Hospital Nurse’s Hands.
As an example of trademarks have
you ever noticed the hands of the hos
pital nurse? The soft white hand
which in fiction is occupied in cooling
fevered brows does not exist and could
not It is a skilled hund, but its work
makes it rough and chapped. Try
bathing your hands in disinfectants
twenty times a day and you will find
that, look after them ns you may. they
will soon be seamed with cracks,
which an east wind often turns to
bleeding cuts. And as they are work
ed hard for some twelve or thirteen
hours n day the nurse takes a some
what larger size in gloves than most
women. If you ever see the pll0t0 ‘
graph of a hospital nurse you may ob
serve that she prefers to keep those
hands behind her hack.-London Chron
icle. ;
An Afterthought.
"Ye-es,” remarked a young husband
at breakfast, "these biscuits are pretty
good, but don’t you think there ought
to be a little more”—
“Your mother made them,” interrupt
ed the wife quickly.
-"of them?" ended the husband,
with a flash of inspiration.
Man is his own star, and that soul
that can be honest is the only perfect
man.—Fletcher.
Your Dollars Will Stretch
In a way that will most agreeably sur
prise you when you buy your groceries
at WHITE & STRINGER'S. This be
cause we can buy closer than anyone
else, and consequently can sell cheaper,
while the quality of our goods are al
ways better.
The Machine
Everyone Buys
H. M. Ashe Company,
Southern Dealers
Y. M. C. A. Building,
ATLANTA, GA.
Cow Hides Wanted
I pay the highest cash prices
for hides. Bring them to me.
Green hides bring you. more
money than flint.
See me before you sell your
beef cattle. Milk cows bought
L and sold. G. D. REDDIDK, _
THE MARKET MAN. [I
A Poor Recommendation.
“He means well," she said.
“Say no more,” he replied. “I know
now exactly what sort of a fool he is."
—Detroit Freo Press.
Longest Family Tree.
The biggest family tree in the world
is believed to be the one which traces
the genealogy of Queen Elizabeth back
to King David and thence to Adam,
or nt least ns near to Adam as one
could get The coat of,arms Is given
in . almost every case, with full par
ticulars of the dates of births and
deaths. The labor of providing coats
of nrms is abandoned before Methuse
lah’s time, but the chart measures
forty-five feet and certainly does take
one through a maze of nobility.
The Iron Cross.
Tbe Tron Cross, an order of knight
hood, was established by Frederick
William III. of Prussia In March, 1813.
The order was founded in order to
honor patriotic bravery in the war
against France. It was revived by
Emperor William l. during the Frnnco-
Prussian war and awarded by him to
his son for his great victory at Wis-
sembourg on Aug. 4. 1870. Later on
the order was bestowed most gener
ously. some 40,000 persons being deco
rated between 1870 and 1872.
That endless book, the newspaper,
Is our national glory. — Henry Ward
Beecher.
J. R. SINGLETARY,
Attorney-at-Law.
Cairo, ... Georgia.
Consultation fees reasonable. Practice
in Suporior Court, Court of Appeals
and Supreme Court.
Officein Judge’s Chamber, Court Huose
©JC3JJEK-
you are in a
HURRY |
Send oi telephone to our gar- <§
age and we will come after X
you in one of our easy riding SI
Automobiles !
I and carry you anywhere you i
! want to go. ^
Tell-the-Fone 119 jjj
( Copeland & Crosby |
Cairo, Ga. 1
W. J. Willie
Attorney-At-Law
Will Practice in all Courts, State an
lederal.^ Collections a specialty.
Office in L. B. Powell build ing.
Phone 73. - - CAIRO, GA
The Citv Pressing club is run
white trade only. Others need t
apply.
If you will have any collard
seed for sale this season it will
likely pay you to see me before
selling.
W. H. Robinson,
44tf Cairo, Ga.
You can be Safe
if you lei us cl o
your printing you will
be safe. We
make your
sorry by the trial.