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The Western Herald. By HOLT & JONES. VOIa.I. PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY MORNING. Terms.—Tiirec dollars per annum, payable within six months after the receipt of the lirst number, or four dol lars if not paid within the year. Subscribers living out of the state, will be expected in ail cases, to pay in advance. No subscription received for less than one year, unless Iho money is [laid in advance; and no paper will be dis continued until all arrearages arc paid, except at the op lion of the publisher;. Persons requesting a discontinu ance of their Papers, are requested to bear in mind, a set tlement of their accounts. Advertisements will bo inserted at the usual rates; when the number of insertions is not specified, they will be continued until ordered out. tAll Letters to the Editor or Proprietor, on mat ters connected with the establishment, must be pos t paid inorder to secure attention. •Cj 2 ’ Notice of the sale of Land and Negroes, bv Ad ini fistrators, Executors, or Guardians, must be published bstTf days previous to the day of sale. The sale of personal Property, in like manner, must be published forty days previous to the day of sale. Notice to debtors and creditors of an estate must be published FORTY DATS. Notice that Application will be made to the Court of (Ordinary for Leave to sell Land or Negroes,must be pub lished FOUR MONTHS. Notice that Application will be made for Letters cf Ad ministration, must bo published thirty days and for Letters of Di un'ssion. six months. Wli LIAM E. J()5E\ Attorney at Law. HAS removed to Dahlohnega, the county Site of Lumpkin county, and will attend the Superior ' < 'ourls in this and the neighboring counties. Jan. 31.—41—ts TOWN LOTS FOR SALE "WM7 ILL be sold at Pahl bnega Luinpk'n County, on $ v Vidm sday and 'I Lursdav, the 19th and 20lb of February next, all the unsold Lot- in said Town, on Lot No. 951, 12th District Ist Section. These Lots comprise .. number of be. iness Lots, and elevated situations sui t'd to private residences. Persons desiring topureha.se li>r cither purpose will do well to attend, as the sale will be without reserve and the last chance to obtain such pro perty m decidedly the most flourishing Village in the up country ofGeorgi i. Terms liberal and made known on the day cf sale. I’. R. M’CRARY. Proprietor, Jan. 31.—10—tds ATTENTION MECHANICS. SEALED proposals will be received until Wednes day the 19lli day of February next, for the building ofa Court-house at Dahlohnega, Lumpkin County, upon 11*C plan of the Coiirt-houoce in she Counties of Troun < ,'nwetn < ’ampbell and the one now building at liaim s villc, in Hall county, ■ xccpt that the foundation must be •>f stone, al least nine inches above the ground. Each proposal to be accompanied with the names of the securi ties who will be offered —the time in which the work will be completed, and the terms of payment that will be re quired. E. P. HALE, j. i. c. JAMES BRYAN, i. i. c. A. N. BAIRD, j. i. c. Jan. 31.—40—3 t. The Southern Recorder, and Southern Banner, will • i. h give the above one insertion and forward their ac ,ounls to this office £>r payment. ADMINISTR ATOR’S SALE. MW7 7I Lbo sold at public outcry, at the Court I leu c Vt in Lumpkin county, on the first I’uesday in Apnl next, in pursuance of an ordered the I lonorable the <'ourt of Ordinary of Burke county, Lot No. 10.35, 12th District, Ist Section, now Lumpkin county, as the Kcal I .state of Thomas 11. Attaway deed, for the benett ofthe Dura and creditors. Terms of sale cash. JOHN ROGERS. ( AJ . JOHN OWENS, S AUlur “ Burke Co. Jan. 31. —41 tds GEORGIA, LUMPKIN COt NTV. WHEREAS Harnson W. Riley applies to me for letters of Administration on the I.stale of .Morgan 11. Snow, late of said county, deceased : These are ther fon’to cite and admonish all and sin «»nlar, the kindred and creditors «>t <aid deceased, to be mid aniwar at my office wiliim the tun - prescribed by Hw, to shew cause il any they have, why said letters fdiould not be granted. Given under my band 31st January, 1833. M. P. GUILLAIN, c. c. o. Jun. 31. IL—3AI. SM* EL .1. BEE BEE, Bullion ami Exdiaasc Office, 31 WALL STREET, NEW-YORK. PURCI I ASI'S (.old in Bar or Dusk, at the highest hrenuum. Gold can be as cerrvc’Jy stayed in tin-citv. as at the .Mint. Canncster- sent to the above < tfice, will meet With the grvate-lde; ;>:iti h, and the pro <, els [Mid by draft at sight. LI per ecnl Commission. Nov. 14.—32 —wfim FOR SALE. US NEGROES, &c. Office Superintendtinl ej Rcad.<, <\c. Easton District, January 11, 1834. Bn olxjdicnce to an Wtofthe legislature of lhe State <U Georeia,ai>i'roved by hts Excellency thcl.oiei not on lhe 2Ut day of December, l?->*. 1 will sell, at pul>- hcouten- tn the highes bidder, at the coiul-lmus. mine VOUNA Y ofELBER l\ On ALndoy Ilk t'fi day o’ .*f ..-c’i next. Jue fo.ioviing named Nl-.GROES belonging to the state , t Georgia, and attached to the lancoTii station, together with lhe Mule*. Carts Tool*. Ke. connected ttiervto: llaaha, (Mills.) Nv.h, (Zcliars,) Abram. (F. ( u.‘ >.) Lawson. (Watkins.) Ann«t> ud, (Gia. -.) Tor.;. (D s.) Moaca, (Sim* ) Richm.'nd,(Bark%] v « al'-ec, [C-,nr tn] Isaac, (ua»*n,) i e;u, (llowL.,] a...l J..i’ • t . i and (>,s Afenday the 2l’h a g, a/ .M rrr« In manner, at the court h>us- m th” Col'NT Y <»t MORGAN, the follow ng nam IN , I’d)! (, > . i:'j to the Stale snd aUadwJ to tha G and Msdison station, tnplher with Hie Mules, c..c Horse, Cant*, Ti»K &c. connected ih- .cm - |xrvlon. Renjarnitg {Rostan.] \\ a.us, {t’n - v.’ Ab.-a --1 am. (Mealing] IWy.lKennon.] Axum. [Car- < | i'om iXVGs-.] Ned. (Ramwy.} George. |!w a . 'a.' I', t- r (e'»rple.| DaA. (OnQ H<-nry, Jo'hua Jcerr. (Runndla.] I-arkin, (Porter,) Abralaam fk'olhniei Naftiaoid. (Retry,] J<xpb. |! ope,) Joseph (Ganera! Pope,) George. (.Vinter.) Joe. (Rowland. (London, (RnsnO C’lr' ’.] f-”’* AUgAiOA, LU.UPKIW COIIWy, GEOKiJIA FEBiIUASiI 7, IS3I 1° ’ L'r’ - ’ ar ) • a, ‘ ian ’ (L’ollins,) Berry, (Thompson) | Jerry, (Lumpkm,) Harry, (Porter,) Eihck. and Mark, i (Burton) and x r :•> Tridaij,ti':e 28th day of March next, 7?J lke m!lnner » at the Court-house in the COUNT Yof DEKALB, the following named MEGROES, belonging to the State and attached to the Cherokee station, togeth er with ther.lules, Carts, Tools, &c. connected thereto: s John, (Baptist,) Adam, Zach. Jesse, Tonev, Hamp- I - ton, Harry, Tom, (Drummer.) Tom, (Jackson,) Walker, Jim, (Rutherford,) Aloses, (Akins,) Jacob, (Blount,) - Guy, York, Ben Isaac, Miles, Ransom, Peter, Jim, Bca- - ver, and Bob; and On Tuesday, the Ist day of ,'lpril next, . | fn like manner, at the Court house in the COUNTY of [ HALL, the following NEGROES, belonging to the State, and attached to the Gainesville station, together with the Mules, Carts, Tools, &c. connected thereto : ,i T . ete L (Bell,) Lewis, (Lee,) Hardy, Jerry, (Eidson.) i or?" (k’ojbc-tt,) Frank, (Willis,) Abraham, (Oglethorpe, ; Billy. (Ketchum,) Davy, (Mahoney) Dick, (Gilliaifi.) i i a n ‘ os > (Mahoney,) Isaac, (Hardeman.) Matt, (Smith,) ! i Arthur, [Drummond,] Doctor, (Longstreet,) Essex, [Wood,) Toney, (Toombs,) Joe, (Sorrow,) Jacob, (Free- . man,) Adam, (Larry,) Freeman, (Towns,) Sam, (Parks,) Jeff, ( alton,) Peter, (Mills,) Jeff, (Mahoney,) Smith, | Henry, (Mahoney,) Henry, (Booker,) and Daniel, (Toombs;) and . Monday, the 7lh day cf .tpril next, In like manner at the Court-house in the COUNTY of BALD -VIN, the following named NEGROES, belong ing to the State and attached to the Milledgeville and Hawkinsvdle, sfation, together with the Mules, Carts, | I ools, &c. connected thereto : Scij.io, Jesse, July, Andrew, Moses, Ellick, August, Sam, I hilip Sandy, Jim, (Hume,) Spanish, Town, I Romeo, Gib, Luke, George (Mann,) March, Joe, Anlho ny, Brutus, Robert, Billy, and Gideon. lor the information oi those persons who may wish to : ’ purchase, the following sections of the beforb montioned act Df t.ic Legislature, are herewith published: “sec. 4. Be it further enacted by the autfurritii aforesaid, | i hat the said Superintendents and each of them shall, ana they are hereby authorized, as the agent of the State, to execute to the purchaser or purchasers of said slaves or either of them, good and sufficient titles [warranting the ‘ title thereof only] for and to snid slave or slaves, and de- ■' hver unto him or them, the same, on said purchasers pay- - ing in cash one. fifth of the purchase money therefor, and 1 the balance in thirty days thereafter, on tendering to the said Superintendent a certificate from the' Cashier of the Central Bank of Georgia, that the said purchaser’s note forthesaid balance had been discounted in said Bank, which the said Bank is hereby directed anfl authorized to do, in such manner anti on such terms as arc usual in dis counting on loans: Provided the same shall not exceed twenty live hundred dollars. Bec. 5. Be it further eaacttd by the authority aforesaid, ' on failure of sai! purchaser to pay the said one fifth of the amount of said purchase money, at the time of said purchase, the .-aid Superintendent shall proceed forthwith I to resell saiil slaves, not crying again the bid of such de faulting purchaser during said sale, and on failure of said purchaser to pay the balance of paid purchase money, or lender said certificate as aforesaid, within the space of thirty days after said sale, said purchaser shall forfeit the said one fifth so paid, and said Superintendent shall, on thirty days notice being given thereof, as aforesaid, resell said slave m the maimer, at the nlace nnd on ibn mm conmuvus m.icm ueioie pit .-"'Tim d. WILLIAM C. LYMAN. Supcrl:d:nd.e'.it, fyc. Eastern Division, Jan. 25, —40—w2m. NOTICE. tF RII’ARN all persons from trading for a Due Bill for two hundred and Fifty Dollars, (250,) dated 1 Ith December, 1833, given by me to E.T. L. Spencer, as the conditions which are expressed in the due Bill have failed and therefore not payable by me. ’ SAAIUEL RUTHERFORD. Jan. 11,—39—tf M|||L . - ,-hjjj- l MMW—Tm—AM 1 Sheriff’s airs for .-’rbruarj in i FORSYTH COUNTY. I Lot. Dis. See. Property of To Satisfy. 882 3 I Toliver Reed, Abram Miles, 309 11 1 II in. F. Roper, Henry Fitzsimmons, (576 11 1 John 'l. Giles, Thomas Jackson, 2*20 i l 1 John Stuitman, John M. Sims, 1066 2 I Jas. L. Lawless, Robert .Uitehell, 917 11 I .Vitchel Bnlloch, Joel!’. Dickerson. I 1 417 I I PeterTrummel, A. Wellborn, 153 3 I HL. Dunlap, Allen B. < hastain, 197 11 Lion B. Pritchard, Robert L Laue, j 578 2 I Littleberry Duke, Jas. Austin, I 330 11 John Dazier, David Cooper, POSTPONED SALE. *292 I 1 Closes Duncan, R V ('&. V, Rufiin, 260 3 1 Dennis Shay, Ke? .n R Cannon, CASS COUNTY. 922 21 2 Aaron Crawford, Joseph G Smith, i 1023 It 3 Hans’dA MGehi-.Wm. Morgan &.Co. 239 6 3 Jas. H, Russel, Isaac Abrahams, 823 4 3 WalterS Douglas, Samuel Galhher, 172 15 3 John Ingrain, Robert Rowan, £O9 1 3 Robert McTyre, McDaniel & Goodman, 56 17 3 Joseph Shaw, A. Armstead, 245 22 2 John Conner, V» ilium H. Dorsey, FLOYD COUNTY. 726 3 4 James Bell, R< • se, 616 4 William Bailey, ! visF. Homs, ! ,312 t 4 Sampson 151 o!•!<" s Hendricks, . MURRAY COUNTY. 53 8 3 Thas. M. Hoffan, John Cnr«ilc, 116 12 4 JuliusG. Darhv, Samu.l McJunkin, 266 9 4 ) 240 9 4 ( Amos Spillers, J »«. L. Cniin nrhjm, • 21)2 9 4 Samuel Ke'ler, <>rt ;■ >< inxxlom, 290 10 3 ) Stephan W ill.t -d, bn K. Fo<h r, 325 12 3 ( 239 10 3 Hannah G"'_ UTdinin B,Maic.ne, 201 9 3 Bridcar Hum s, L. Abraham, 31*0 9 4 Anderson .lire, J. L. &A. D. Abram. , 302 II I Johu i lard:n:.c. Jacob L. Abraiiam, Jan. 25.—4.1 UXIVFRSSITY OF GF.O. FWViE next College S<-«:onwfl commence on th • U 16th January. 1834. For adt:ii.-« :m into th? Fresh-! • man Class, a candidate mus» have :t . . >r.-vct knowled --' ' »,ft’iccro’s Orations, Vireil, John > ' sm th Greek i'e-starnent, Grneca Minora or Jacobs tireek Reader, En ?’ish Grammer, and Geography, and be well acquxnt- > ed with Aritbmct.c. Studies of tiie Freshm; n Class. * Is?. Term, to .Vor..—L.vy. Gr.rca, Mayra, Ist H vo’. eommenectl, and tiie French I i 2d Term, from Jan. to riprii.— Livy, Gru'ca ‘ 1 vo'. and French continued. ’! ti Tr-wu .dp ii to.-lag— Uvv a-d Grr-a Ma. ora, Ist 1 ve’. < mclu-i >l, French continued, and Isay’s Algebra, f t:: ' Ratio and Pnapcruon. ; stadics of the Sophomore Class. ', Ist Term, .to .Mr. — Horace and Grr.va Majorn, t 2d vol. comment <l. Algebra concluded, and three Looks i- 1 oftiromem , (Plsvtkir s I-.uckd.) », , 2i Term', Jan. to .Juril—< t rears May>ra, ‘-d ' , ... i- r. I t.nued; Horace and Goomctry concluded, undjam- >ogs s. I», M T<r—..ipiH tj.duz—Gr*sca ' la-ora, 2,v .. eon c’.uded; Modern luMiffuages, Plain > nc* 1 o« •Mt n ,] oration. Sont'cmer. F.o-anv, ar»«i I 't.> r > Hsstov*. ( y.< » -.2 i: . ndc L ' Incomes, the Herald of a Golden World. i!l e k bO r’S the first book of Cicero de Oratore, the first book of Homer’s Iliad, Blair’s Lectures, and dlmead’sl’ Mechanic's in part, tb r r° U ? h c!asses regularly attend to French during tnc I'lcslunan and Sophomore years, yet it is not made an indispensable requisite for admission into any of the clas ses. Provision is made for those who enter without a knowledge of French, to study that language, for which there is no additional charge oftuition. 7 hose who desire it, will have opportunity of studyin" Hebiew, Spanish, German, and Italian without any add£ tional charges. J The rates of tuition are $33 per annum, payable half yearly m advance. Board can be obtained in respectable families at from 8 to $lO per month. By order of the Faculty, WM. L. MITCHELL, Sec’y. December I I. —35—ts. J TO TEACHERS. rj?|7HE annua! meeting of tKc Teachers’ Society of .EL Georgia, will be held in Savannah, on Monday the 23d December next, (third Monday.) We are authorized to state, that the hospitalities of the city w ill be extended io all Teachers who attend, on ap plication being made to 'essrs. Williams and Birch, Principals of the Chatham Academy. By order of Society. C. P. BEMAN, President. R. C. Brown. Secretary. December 14,-36, Gold Lots for gale in Cherokee. .No. 287, 2nd District, Ist Section, No. 579. 3rd District, 4th Section. Forfurther infbrmatiou, address A. B.GREENE, Nov: 9. —31 —ts In Augusta. Georgia GUARDIANS SALE A Agreeably to an order of the honorable the Inferior JA Court of Newton county, when sitting as a court of ordiniary, will be sold on the lirst Tuesday in Febru ary next, at the Court House in the town of Covington, Newton county, a Negro woman by the name of Leah, and her child Clarinda. Sold as the property ofthe minor orphans of Joseph Howard, deceased. Terms made known on the day. THOMAS J. GRAY Guard. Nov. 16.—32—tds. PROPECTUS OF THE SEMI- H EEKL Y EXAMINER Published in Philadelphia. IN addition to the Semi-monthly Examiner, which will l»" continued the same as heretofore, there will be published by the subscriber, commencing on the 3d of December, 1833, a semi-weekly paper, to be called the i SEMI-WEEKLY EXAMINER, upon the following i plan It will be published every Tuesday and Friday, upon aa uapci wi ahcct in ii v> 111 iR- luauu in I the Semi-monthly Examiner; the latest foreign news; imports as the state of foreign and domestic markets for American staples; and such other matter as usually con stitutes the contents of a city newspaper, designed for distant circulation; studying rather usefid information, than literary selections, of which, however, it will have a full share. 1. The paper will be sold at the publication office, and at such other places as may be hereafter designated, at five cents per No., and a discount will be allowed to those who buy to sell again. 2. Persons who wish the paper to b > served to them regularly within the limits ofthe city and liberties, can be accommodated by the payment of five dollars per annum, in advance. 3. Non residents who wish the paper to be transmitted to them by mail, can be accommodated by the payment $5 per annum in advance, but where five individuals shall unite in one remittance of §2O, the price will be tour dol lars per annum. 4. Ail subscriptions received before the first of January next, will commence with lliejirs? number, unless other wise directed. All subscriptions received after the first of January, will commence on the day of the receipt of the money, as no back Nos. will be kept on hand’ and in every case, a receipt shall be forwarded with the first pa i per transmitted. 5. Evcrv subscription will be discontinued at the end ; ofthe year paid for, unless renewed by a second payment i : o that’subscribers may withdraw without the expense of postage m giving notice of withdrawal. 6. No subscription for less than a year will be received 7. All postage must be paid, except upon letters con tnininr-tivedolbirs in a single note, or any larger sum, hut the risk of miscarriage, by the mail, b assumed by the publisher. 8. There arc no agents oatabhshed for tins paper at any place; but any Bost Master or other individual mav constitute himself an agent /or others, by availing himself ofthe discount allowed upon a number of copies. 9. Any subscriber to the Senn monthly Examiner, who ma v subscribe for the semi-weekly paper, and wish the former tobe discontinued, may do so, in which case, he will be entitled to receive, after the expiration ot his year’s ftib-cription to the semi-wetkly, us many numbers ofthe '.in as he would have been entitled to receive ot the weekly, had he notonlcred its discontinuance. Thus, if he should subscribe on the 3d of December to the semi weekly | aper, at which time nine Nos. of the twenty six, <>f which the year of the scini-montlily consists, will have L on published, lie will roecivs 17 Nos. of the semi-week- Iv paper, after the 3d of Dec«a>bcr, 1834. This arrange- which will give a large sheet for a smnll one, is a j • ’.ed as the <m’. v conceivable mode of adjusting a mat ter involving fractions of a dollar, and it is hoped will meet with general approbation. No semi-monthly paper, will, however, l>e discontinued without express directions. Ail communications tobe addressed to the subscriber, CON DY RAGUET. Jan. 25.—40, PROSPECTS OF TUtt COLUMBUS ENQUIRER, NEW SERIES. Tl i Jil. B. Lamtir, and fl • 7J. Tinslev. IN R(»M the commencement ofthe > <a ;> tnc ( oiVMFt -s Esutisr.RwiU be Published by Mira h mi B. Lamar and W illuun «• !“ of pr.HCipli- of the ‘ State Rtfhts party of l.enrgM, as an ...... i . . Pre u hie and Resolutions ofthe State n MJedgevule, November 13. 1833 w 7 'i are :>ln a~V before the publicjtscolumns howeverw 11 ~ . ,'ev >'<d i\clu*> vc ’ ,v to pvolitics; but such attention I ‘ I V r,.gn News. C_nd Gen. Intelhgence C T-r cnt,re! - V n 7 r ' n V tenuis -nd on the pip-- r u*<i« thjß ,for such r : -r '?XT'; . c r cl ’.itore and the c.vrtrmplated improve , I--.-r have beer, made the occasion ot issuing using Its patronage and exTcn-img “•! u'atwn Toese fnendlv to the cause w h(ch u will j or Four DcJLam w-thm the y« r - PROSPECTUS, For publishing a new weekly Newspaper at ’ Auraria Georgia, to be entitled a THE MINERS RECO DER, ? SPY IN THE WEST. IN the publication of this Paper, the Editor will from tune to time, furnish the public with all the informa t i tion he may be enabled to procure, in relation to the pro gress of the Mines. In addition to wliich, he will shortly 1 be furnished with a series of Essays, written bv Literary Gentlemen, who have taken a Geological view of this country, in which will be shewn the complete arrange ment of the different Strata of earths and rocks, forming this interesting section of country, and in what kind Gold is most usually found. The Editor will endeavor at all times to procure from Mineralogists, literary men, and P practical observers, such information, as will keep up a > constant investigation of the various minerals found in ' this country. , In the way of Miscellaneous matter he will make the . best selections in liis power both cf a domestic and for eign nature. As regards the political course of this paper, the Editor i will endeavor to pursue a liberal course keeping at all I times his columns opeji to the discussion of political sub jects, wliich are or may be of interest to the country. In relation to his own political opinions, he considers ( them to be such as have been maintained in the Southern States, from the adoption of the Federal Constitution down to the present time. He believes that Federal en croachmeilt?, should be guarded against with vigilance ■ 1 and repelled wit!* promptness. Yet however in contend ing for the Rights of the States, he cannot go to the ex . traordinary and dangerous extent of some of the politi cians in a sister State; because he believes it would ulti mately end in the destruction of the Government and all its Rights. His opinions however, he considers as nothing more than the opinions of any other individual, he will there fore endeavor to aet the part of a faithful Journalist with out being subservient to the views of any party, leaving his paper open to the investigation of truth, and all inter est ing subjects by all. l‘he fisst number of this paper will appear in a few weeks. Terms —Three Dollars per annum payable in ad vance or Three Dollars and fifty cents at the end of die ‘ year. Advertising at the usual rates. Editors of other papers are requested tojgive the above a few insertions. MILTON H.GATHRIGIIT. Jan. 31.-40 LETTE FROM GOV. TROUP. Washington, 10th Feb. 1833. Mv Dear Sir—Knowing that you wish to possess my views of the present state of affairs, tKeVonnctioTj; that whether they happen to be in accordance with your own or not, they will receive a kind and hospitable treatment, more than proportion ed to their deserts;and if valueless be dismissed with the generosity and urbanity so congenial to your nature; otherwise, it may be a little legacy to your son, my namesake, who, if he inherit the patriotism of the father, and virtues of the mother, may find them useful to him. in sustain ing in many an hour of tiial, as we have done, the rights of the States, against a very strong government created by the States, now threat ening, by a most unnatural action, to cripple, to humble, and finally to destroy its creator, which in the natural and healthful action of the system would be also its preserver. I am not certain that you arc aware o£»*y early and uniform disrelish of the doctrine of Nullification, as maintained by the ruling party in a sister State. My objections to that doc trine were unconnected with party oi any kind, : and were founded on the difficulty of reconcil ing the peacefulness and constitutionlaity which it asserted with thit powerful remedial process, by which the wheels ofthe Federal Government would be stopped, ns well as that resort to con struction (lhe old Federal sin,) by which alone the doctrine could be maintained, which has in volvcd us in all our troubles, and which is equal ly good at any time to establish a veto against the General Government, a power to protect manufactures, or a power to do any thing a ma jority in Congrese ph ascs. It was easy to per- : ceive, that such a remedy might, by possibility he peaceful, that depending on the other party, but not certainly peaceful. It was more diffi cult to see how it could be constitutional, be cause as no power was given by the Constitu tion to the Stales to icsist the laws of the Uni ted States, none such could be derived by im plication or construction.* The derivation cf remedies or |>owers by construction being ac cording to lhe republican doctrine, inadmissible. Indeed’, no Constitution would authorize resist ance to the laws, without defining explicitly how, in what manner, and by whom such resis tance could be lawfully made. It is assumed : therefore, that the laws must be executed; and ( at all events, according to the stipulations ofthe ; Federal Compact. But who, in the last resort, ar« the judges of these stipulations None are created bv the compact, other than the Lo ,jrts of the United States. The junsdictmn ofthe i! Courts ofthe United States, must be comim-dI ' to judicial cases, to the exclusion of political, ' questions between aoverigns; and so tar the ’ Courts oi the United States have paramount ju , risdiction. The “controversies between two er 1 more States.” mean only such judical questions ' as are presented by “cases in law oz equity J to ’ which their jurisdiction is limited by ihe Con- • What arc called the reserved rights " in the j I r Aiwivcri bv the dcoplc and which have not been giv n 7 mean soverei sn power, then indeed I ” 3 i-1 retained a pc.- ” a foXlf! «h.ch would be -3kine • e seveu I? n. when it u only ’ both delegated and reserve! pc* -» 1 ---'r the cth' - * stitution. Political controversies or questions > between governments, could not have been in tended, they not admitting the interpretation of cases in law or equity, much less could politics! controversies between the States and Federal ’ Government have been intended, they not being recognized by the Constitution as parties in any I cases. If therefore, in controversies between 1 those parties no independent tribunal has been established for their adjustment, we canjiavo no alternative but the resort to one or both of the parties—if to one, which one ?—if to both, 1 why? If the parties werejjqual in all respects, reason would prescribe equtfl participation in the adjustment, which would be an adjustment by i negotiation—ls they were not equal, but the one. I was in power and authority superiorto the other, the same reason might claim for the superior ; party a participation in the adjustment, propor tioned to that superiority. Between the govern ment of a state and the government ofthe Uni ted States, this equality, as they both represent sovereigns, must be admitted—No superiority can be claimed for the government of the Uni ted States, because ol its representation of more sovereigns than one, as all their powers in mass, amount only to the powers of one sovereign. Regarding the government ofthe United States, therefore, apart from the Constitution, in the light of any other independent government, the equality between it and a state government es r tablishos the right of equal participation in the adjustment of any political controversy which may arise between them. But, as between th© government of the United States and the sove reignty of a state, there can be no such equality, the same sovereignty having created both go vernments and standing in relation to each other of creator and creature—hence the right of q sovereign s ate to decide for itself, without ap peal; stilll it is among the most sacred of its duties, to fulfil strictly, all its engagements, es«- pecially its constitutional engagements, they being ofthe highest and most solemn import, not engagements to the government of the Uni ted States, but to the other sovereign states.— There is no sovereignty in what is called tho United States—The United States is nothing but a or confederacy, the style of which is, “the United States;” and Government according to our doctrine, is not sovereign, but is agent or servant ofthe tFe people of the states. It is in virtue of this sovereignty that the state government is formed; and it is in virtue of the same sovereignty that the United States government is formed. This sovereignty, wherever it exists, is omnipotent; it is the same in one independent community as another, and is insusceptible of division, of in ( crease or diminution; it can only be destroyed, by destroying the community in which it exists* Constitutions, and governments are emanations from it, as light from the sun, which parts with it constantly, without itself being impaired, or wasted, or weakened. Hence it is, that it makes and unmakes at pleasure, and knows tfo superi or but Divinity, and no law but the universal law ordained by that Divinity, which is the laro of right and justice. According to ou r thcont nnrl p.n iri i inuJeUl ULUUfr 6T tfilS 80VC. reign, is to form Constitutions, which prescribe the rules for the conduct of the agent or servant called the government. If the sovereign is di.°, satisfied either with the rule or with the conduct of the agent, it can abolish or change it at plea, sure. If it can abolish or change the rule.it can destroy the agent, because the rule is of higher power and authority. Admitting there, fore, that a state may, at any time destroy its ow n state Constitution, can a state, of its own plesure, destroy the Constitution of the United States ? The same power which created tho one, has created the other—and may it not, for causes, which shall seem good to itself, change or destroy the one, as well as the other ? Tho answer is, No. Because other states equally sovereign as itself, are equal parties to it. But although a state may not for this reason alter or destroy the Constitution, it may throw it off; it may release itself; it may, by its own volition, for justifiable causes, cease to be a party to it. Are there no such good and justifiable causes i Yes—There an- such as will justify the breach of a compact Between sovereigns by ono of the parties to that coinpact; many of which causes are to be fuunn in that public law which is the Divine law, which is lhe law of right and justice and which being the paramount law, is as con trolling over compacts and Constitutions, as the sovereign itself. Let it not be said that the gG [ uernment of the United States, formed by tLo compact, is paramount,because itis ucompound of all the sovereignties of all the states. Sove. 1 reignty, it is r< pt ated, admits of no degrees. It is the same in a small state as in a great one; 1 the same in the state of Delaware or Rhode Island, a* in the greatest community. Itis ' said, that lhe stales have parted with many of their sortr* - gn powers, as the power to make war, tiie power to make treaties, the power to regulate foreign con.merer, &.c. kc. But this is a mistake, they have not parted with them; they have merely authorized lhe common agent | to exercise them, under prescribed rules Aid ii. I nutations; the powers themselves residing in ‘ lhe states, and inseparable from them as inde. pendent communitii s. It is true, the Consti. tution speaks of powers granted and powers reserved; but this only means powers of the States to be cxerci- by the government of ’ the United States; ano powers ofthe states to i be exerci-ed by the J-t<And with regard i to the poweis prohibited to the Gcneial Govern 5 ment and to tho stules, it i only a declaration ? ! i,„ -.’her F’a“ - -t il w'-H "rt ex'-r NO. 42.