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A NOVELJEPARTURE
Agricultural Oourie For Ru
ral District Schools.
AS NOW TAUOHT IN OBRMANY
There the Common School! Havo a
Garden Attached and Pupils art
divan Practical Inc true tl on In Ag-
rlcultura.
Moat at the common achoola In tbo
smaller Oorman rlllaara bare attached
to them a small cardan. Though these
gardens are general!/ for tbo uae of
the teachsr and his famil/, occasion-
all/ some wideawake teacher uses bla
as a means of Instruction. Hare he
takes his puplla to show them how
plants grow from the seed to full ma-
turtt/. The nature charts used In the
schools to teach plant and Insect life
are supplemented b/ observation of
real plants, flowers, fruit trees. Insects,
birds and bees.
Mr. C. B. Smith, of the offleo of ex-
perl moot stations, United flutes de
partment of agriculture, has given us
the benefll of his observations at dif
fer, a village of 2,000 InhablUule, la
the German Rhine province, between
Bonn and Cologne. Mr. Smith, who
visited this village In 1*99. gives the
following account of It: "The whole
region lying about the village Is Inten
sive!/ farmed and forma practical!/
one vast garden. VegeUblrs alternate
wit borchards, with occasional strips
of grain or forage plants. The school
Is what Is known as a 'people’s school.'
This Is the common school of Ger
man/. Onl/ the fundamenUI branches
are taught In these schools, and the
whole course Is completed In eight
/ears. Aba Alfter common school con-
tains 400 pupils and sis teachers. In
this school, as In all others In this
province, two hours Instruction week
ly In fruit culture, gardening and gen
oral farming during the last two /ears
of the oourse Is required. This has
been ootapnlaory b/ law since 1*99.
Outline auggeatlnns for this work are
sent the principal of the school by
the provincial government, as follows:
First Year.
"April and Ma/ (1.) Inner structure
of planta, plant cells and tissues and
their functions. (2) Other divisions of
planu: (a) the roots, their function In
the nourishment of plants by the ab-
sorption of mineral matter, as phos-
phoroua, potassium, sodium. Iron, chlo
ric and water; (b) the trunk. Its
branches and buds, the structure of
the cambium and the occurrence at
ring growth."
The course goes tm through every
month of the year, describing plant
Ufa In all Its stages, the Improvement
of the soil, the using up of plant food
and Its replacement by fertilisers of
various kinds, the Influenoe of the cli
mate on planta, fruit culture and the
management af fruit trees, the
mice of fruits and vegetables and how
to get rid of them.
In February and March of the nest
year's course the various minerals are
discussed. In April, May and June
gvden work la discussed from the lay
ing out of plats to the utilisation of
vegetable*.
In the latter part of June of the
second year’s course the puplla study
Said work, plowing, harrowing and
rolling.
"In July they study the various Held
crops. Including clovers and i
In August crop rotation and methods
of manuring.
In September and October they dls-
cues the vartoaa enemies of the differ,
out crops In December the subject
of study Is domestic animals, and In
January, February and March the
physiology of man.
The plan thus laid down la meant
to be suggestive, the teacher being al
lowed to aserclae his Individual Judg-
ment as to Uae and method of pre
senting the different euhjccts and to
make hi* Instruction conform to the
agricultural needs of the district In
which hta school to located.
Thus at this German rtllaae nearly
every owner or renter of even k small
piece of ground to an nepertenced ear-
dner. understanding thoroughly the
value of culUvatlon and the money
worth of every pound of compost. The
(prmer's wife and children assist him
lb his labors and the children at an
early age have a very clear unden
Standing of garden operations
The school garden to Intensively
fanned and made a source of revenue.
The bees are also mad* a subject
of special study.
. It Is not to be Inferred that every
German neighborhood I* fortunate
enough to have such a school, and the
teachers who make uae of the school
nrdea for Instruction an the sleep
tihn. But tho success of the fee
echSols of this sort prove their worth.
TkKjiteresting article of Mr c. B.
Smite vs* recommended for publica
tion by Mr. A, C. True, director of ex
periment natieei, and Its publication
waa authored by Hon. James Wttoon
United States vetetary of agriculture
In view of th.- fh.-t that the deatra
blllty of an axrlc.ht.urnl , ,>ur*e tor th<
schools In rural dl^rict. to* being so
generally discussed V* thought that
some useful hint* nt-ht be derived
from the account of thtepncUcal Gsr
man school.
cane sirup. Overproduction of either
sugar or strop need not be feared.
The consumption of sugar In the Unlb
ed flutes exceeds the home supply.
Raising sugar cane ooata less than
raising ootson, and to the planters of
many parte of southern Georgia there
Is more moaey In It When this crop
receive* the attention due It aagor re-
fineries will Increase in bomber. As
w* have said before, there to no rea
son why the sugar and sirup business
of Georgia should not at least approxi
mate that of Louisiana.
The sugar refineries at Baxley, In
Appling county, and Dupont, In Clinch,
are doing good work for their respec
tive sections. At Cairo. In Thomas
county, to a large sugar plant of the
best modern construction, where the
juices of the case are being chemical
ly treated In the moat scientific man
ner. Within n radius of IS miles from
this town there are 2.000 acres plant
ed In sugar case. The shipments of
sirup from Cairo amounted last year to
lOfiOO barrels. At Quitman. In Brooks
county, one firm sells on an average
SJOO barrels of sirup a year. The
sirup to pronounced by Professor Har-
W. Wiley, chief of tho United
States bureau of chemistry, to be of a
high trade, and the market for It ex
tends from Massachusetts to Tesas.
Aa a result of Professor Wiley's visit
to Georgia an appropriation of 111,-
000 has been recommended by the con
gressional committee on appropria
tions for the purpose of promoting the
development of the sugar Interest In
Georgia and other southern states.
Credit to due to Major D. O. Purse,
president of the Bavaanab chamber of
oomerce, who waa very active in Inter-
eating the United States department of
agriculture In this work and who took
personal charge of Professor Wiley
during his trip. Professor Wiley re
ports having seen near Klnderton, on
the McRae plantation..stalks of ssssr
cane more than * feet long and weigh
ing from four to sis pounds each The
United flutes department of axricul-
ture Intsnde making experiments to
ascertain what kind of fertiliser will
give the heat result* upon soil* of dif
ferent sections In Qeorgla and other
southern stele*. Henoe we are about
to see the realisation of the hopes
that have Inspired the efforts of this
department ever since our accession to
ofllce. that In tha great sugar cane In
dustry Georgia would find oven a bet
ter, because a more permanent, source
of wealth than In her rapidly disap
pearing forests of pine.
JARRING FOR THE CURCULIO OF
THS PEACH AND PLUM.
Th«.»ab emu* of the
nearly through planting
some are waiting for di
The importance of thto
be overestimated. Thrrs
Increasing demand .'pr tha
Nearly every one knowa that peach
es and plums. Is common with certain
other fruits, ate apt to be "wormy,
and though fair externally, worthless
within; but not nearly so many know
how these worms gained entrance In
to the fruit or realise to what a serious
extent the grqwsrs and marketers of
fruit are Injured by them. These
worms are the young of a small, gray
ish beetle called the plum curcullo, be
longing t& the great group of weevils
or snout beetles. In which the head
Is prolonged Into a snout This par
ticular species to about one-eighth of
an Inch long and has all parts of Its
body protected by a vary hard, rough
ened shell. It has In soma sections of
Georgia become aa much of a necessity
to protect th* fruit crop from the cur-
cullo aa from the San Jos* scale or
brown tot. and the problem which thus
confront* th* fruit growers to as per
piexlng aa any other. Small home or
chards of from one to one hundred
tress often suffer a much greater pro
portionate loss than those of commer
cial stse, and oftentimes It to, on a sin
gle tree. Impossible to find a peach that
has not been Injured or rendered en
tirely worthless by thto peat.
The beetles pass the winter In shel
tered situations amongst tha grass and
around the orchard and In the
fallen leave*, etc.. In some neighbor
ing woodland. They appear on the
tree* with th* first blossoms, and dur
ing the first few weeks, before the
young peach** have formed, the bee
tles obtain their food by nibbling the
opening buds. Later they transfer
tbolr atotntlon to the tendor fruit, and
aa soon ne this has fairly begun Its
growth the process of egg laying be
gin*.
The female deposits her small white
agg In an Incision through tbo skin
made by bar snout, in front of which
she also cute a crescent shaped silt
The minute whit* grub hatching from
this egg works Its way to the center
ot the fruit and there feeds and grows,
the scar sometimes growing over so
as to he almost unrecognisable, at oth
er times remaining open, and conspicu
ously marked by the growing extenu-
atloa which forms there. When the
fruit la stung during the younger
stage* of growth It to very apt to drop
from the tree* before halt grown, but
th* worms continue to feed within It
until full fed. when they work their
way out. burrow Into the ground, re
main la the resting stage for a week
or two aad than emerge as aduR bee
tles exactly like their parents, aad
ready perhaps to lay eggs for a asc
end generation In th* later varieties
That than are at toast two genera
tions of th* Inascta annually seems a
practically assured fact, as the adult
beetle* have been reared from the In
fested trait as early as May. and the
worms found In lata peaches as late aa
IT. Th* eariteet "stung'
peaeka*. aa has already been stated,
newly always drop; those attacked a
utile later after the stoae has begun
to show signs ot hardening, cling'to
tree and are the first to ripen.
Wis those stung Inter still ripen with
i . f
the bulk of th* crop and often show no
sign* of the Injury received until they
are out opoa had the trus state of af
fairs discovered. The bulk of dam
age, however, is don* by thosa which
sting th* fruit from the lima it la no
larger than an scorn until two or three
weeks before ripaalng, and It to daring
this period that remedial measures
must he applied.
• Spraying th* trees with some poison
ous mixture has hosa reoomsnaodod.
but I* not gsssrelly recognised sa of
any very great value. To be effective
the 1 asset must actually eat a portion
of tbs poison, aad aa It la not a very
voracious feeder, th* chances are good
for It to do considerable damage be
fore taking a poisonous dose.
There to another method, however,
which has long been In use. and
though tedious and expansive, appears
to be quite effective. This consists In
jarring the trees gently with a padded
mallet or bumper and catching the
insects as they drop In sheets spread
below tbs trees for thto purpose. Sev
eral growers nave carried oc thto op
eration with seemingly very profitable
results during the past few years, and
as thto appears the most promising
method of treating thto pest some ac
count of operations ns carried on may
bo of value.
Apparatus Necessary.
Many form* of frame upon which
the sheet for catching the curcullo as
they fall have been devised, but those
now In use among some of the large
I sowers at Fort Valley, and apparently
first Introduced there by Major G. T.
Jons*, appear to be the bqgj for the
purpose, especially la a conflherelal or
chard. Two frames aro constructed
d by II feat, with a notch midway
In the side of on* to receive the body
of the tie*. These are then covered
with cnees doth, cheap sheeting or
anything of that sort. The bumpers
are made of a piece ot thick plank,
about 6 Inches wide by 2 inch** long.
One eod of this to thoroughly padded
with rubber or sacking, and In the
canter of the other end a hole to bored
Into which the end of a light and
strong pole, about 8 or 10 feet long to
fitted. Each Jarring gang consists of
five hands. Four of them which cal'
ry the shoot may, he woman or chil
dren. the fifth, who handles the bump
er, must be a man and able to act with
some Judgment The frames are then
lifted by th* carrlors and brought to
gether around the trunk of a tree. The
man gives It ono quick and decisive,
but not too bard. Jar with the padded
end of his pole, and the carrying gang
Immediately walk to the next tree,
where th* operation to repeated. One
Jar of the tree Is sufficient, and It
should be sa Just stated, not necessari
ly so vary hard, not by any means
bard enough to bruise the hark of the
tree, bu( quick and without any pre
liminary shaking. Under these cir
cumstances the curcullo will be taken
unawares aad la practically certain to
curl up Its legs, drop ana "play ’pos
sum," feigning death, aad lying mo
tionless on the sheet until th* end of
th* row to reached, when the Insects
walch hare been collected can be
swept off Into a tub of water to which
a little kerosene has been added or
otherwise destroyed. It may be found
help to carry a small stone or
weight In the center of the frame In
order that thto portion may be kept
depressed and to prevent a sudden
gust of wind or other agency from
lifting It and scattering th* contents.
Tim* of Jarring.
Considerable depends on the time of
day In which these Jarring operations
are carried on. as during the warmer
hours the curcullo are much more ex
cited and harder to catch than either
early In the morning or late In the
afternoon. It 1s always advisable to
begin aa soon as it becomes light
enough to see and work until 8. Then
In the afternoon from 6 o'clock until
dark, though not so good a time aa In
th* morning, to better than during
the middle of the day. To obtain the
best results the Jarring operation
should begin soon after the bloom is
abed and repeated every day or two
aa long aa any number of the beetles
ure caught.
Result* of Work.
Th* results of thto Jarring process,
when carried out systematically
throughout the season have In every
ease which has come to oar attention
been satisfactory to the fruit grower.
Mr. J. H. Hale, who spent very consld-
erahle sums last year In thto work.
Jarring some blocks or section* of
blocks In his orchard nearly every
day from before the middle of April
until nearly June, hhs stated most em
phatically that he felt much more than
repaid for th* expenditure of labor
and money, and an examination of his
fruit In the packing shed and on the
trees as compared with that In nearby
orchards not Jarred showed a very de
cided difference In his favor.
This year somewhat extensive ex
periments have been planned whereby
the spraying aad Jarring treatment
win be carried on side by side, and
at th* close of the season further re
sults may be expected.
-Board of Entomology.
Winter is Goins:,
#
Summer is Coming.
Now is the time to make
your arrangements for-
ICE
in order to keep cool.
We can furnish a*
single block or a car
load
Sash, Doors and Blinds
are a specialty. Send us a trial order.
We make Screen Doors and Windows,
which will keep out flies and mosquitoes.
FLOORING, CEILING, ETC.,
in stock at all times.
Mouldings and Cabinet Work at Lowest Prices.
Satina manufacturing £».,
PHONE NO. 30. WAYCROSS, CA.
1
Cotton.
In arranging lauds tor cotton, break
K witk a large riding plow, cutting
from twelve to fourteen Inches: then
bed with riding cuSSvetoea end uae
the harrow freely.
Remember that cotton la a great
money crop to hint who raises hto own
food supplies, but will keep the farm
er** nos* to th* grindstone If be makes
It hto only crop aad buys Ms corn and
JUDGE ATKINSON FORGOT.
Left HI* Grip With Large Amount of
Money to Doctor Hls Dog.
WaysB8VILI.K, Ua , April 14—
Judge Sam Atkinson met with
quite on adventure here Saturday
last. He bad been on a wild cat
hunt, and returning, arrived at
the depot with his dogs and a
satchel containing a large amount
of money and valuable papers.
One of the dega was very ill, and
interested in doctoring him, the
train pall out, the Judge got on
forgetting in his harry the satchel
Upon his arrival in Brunswick, be
wired the agent to take care of the
satchel, but it waa gone. Next
day a lady sent the satchel to the
agent, said she had taken it by
mistake, from one of the benches
in the wailing room. Jndg» At
kinson come back Sunday after
noon and waa delighted to get his
satchel back.
Mr. and Mr*. R. E. Dart of
Brunswick spent Sunday here the
guest of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. M.
Wiggins.
Mr. D. B. Sweat waa shaking
handi with his many friends here
Monday.
Mis* Letaie Hall of Gainesville
Fla., who is visiting Mrs. J. A.
Ward at Bladen, and Mita Lily
Paine, spent Tuesday, the guest of
Min Carrie Wiggins.
The Southern Express office,
baa been moved from the (tore of
Mr. Wm. M. Wiggins, to the
Plaul System depot.
Mr. Jasper Highsmith continues
dangerously ill.
J. R. KNIGHT,
DEALER IN
Pianos and Organs
AND ALL KINDS OF .
Small Musical
Instruments,
VIOLINS,
GUITARS,
BANJOS,
MANDOLINS,
ETO., ETC.
Alto the Ball*bearing Domestic
Sewing Machines,
NEEDLES,OIL aud all
MACHINE 8UPPLIES.
NEXT DOOR TO THE POST-OFFICE.
WIELDS A S1IABP AX.
Million* marvel at the multi
tude of maladiea cat off bv Dr.
King’s New Life Fiiis—the moat
distressing too. Stomach, Liver
and Bowel troubles—Dyspepsia,
Lost of Appetite, Jaundice, Bil
iousness, Fever. Malaria, all fall
before these wonder worker*. 25c
all Druggists. KgHHSgE
Ttftftttfft^tt^fffftftfftffftttftfttnfiMOggoggggiij
If Interested la Oood Poultry sad More of It,
Call at the
QUARTERMAN PLACE, i-.
I can lurnlsh you INCUBATORS tor hatching, at factory prices,. ' /
freight paid. Eggs to fill them, from prlxe-wlnnlng stock, (Buff t’ 1 "
Orpingtons, Rose Comb White Leghorns, White Plymouth Bocks,
White Cochin Pelcln Bantams aim Imperial Pekin Ducks.
I keep constantly on hand > Ti <
The Midland Poultry Foods, 1
a perfectly balanecd ration for all ages, sixes and conditions of fowls.
Brooders to rear the chlcka In, Panhosst's Liquid Uce Killer to
diatroy their natural enemies, Derby Disinfectant to purify yards
and runa. Little Aspinwall Spray Pumps, to spray liquid over
Poultry, Pet Animal* and all varieties ot xtock. Sanitary Feed
Boxes and Drinking Fountains, and M. M. S. Poultry Fencing to
keep them from destroying flowers or gardens.
Call and let me tell you about
these things,
and show you my Imported Belgian Bares, bred and raised by
Lord Stretkden, la England. Circulars mailed "to any address.
MRS. ELECTRA MERSH0N CRAIG,
of tha J.W. Bastes P. and B. H. Co., Wavexoas, G*.
V' ■