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No. 8. You 111.
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JACOB P. NORTON,
EBENEZER COOPER.
May 29, 1821.
I RELIGIOUS CHARACTER OF THE
WELSH.
From Warner’s Walk through Wales.
Our guide having conducted us through
the intricacies of the wood, placed us in an
open country, and giving us directions for
our progress, took bis leave and returned
to Llaneltyd.—The day, in the mean time,
was again become dark, wet and uncom
fortable, and heightened the desolation and
gloom of a barren, mountainous country, in
which not a single interesting object occur
red, either natural or artificial, to relieve or
-enliven the dolorous monotony of the scene.
After having consumed an hour in this way,
we saw before us a solitary building, which
appeared to be a long, low cottage. On
our approach towards it, we were sudden
ly Surprised by the notes of harmony ;
“ A solemn breathing sound
Rose like a stream of rich distill’d perfumes,
And stole upon the air; that even Silence
Was took ’ere she was ’ware, and wish’d she
might
Deny her uature, and be nevermore,
Still to be so displac’d.”
We listened attentively', and were de
lighted with the melody, which was as
striking as unexpected. It seemed to be
a religious hymn, sung by a great number
of voices, for the most part sweet and har
monious. Solemn and simple, it was not
like the church musick, interrupted by
pauses at the conclusion of each line and
stanza, but continued, and without a break,
varied only by fine swells and dying falls,
and the regular observation of the piano
and the forte. We drew near to the build
ing, and perceiving we occasioned no dis
turbance, joined ourselves to the congre
gation. The scene was a striking and a
pleasing one. A number of people, who
must have come from far, neat in their
dress, devout in their manner, were collect
ed together in a hovel upon a barren moun
tain, to sing the psalm of thanksgiving, to
breathe the prayer of simplicity,and to wor
ship their Maker in ‘spirit and in truth
the Pastor, an elderly man of respectable
appearance, unaffected in his manner, fer
vent in his petitions, solemn, impressive,
and energetick in his exhortations. Such
was the scene which this cottage exhibited.
And neither C—nor myself were iosea
THE MISSIONARY.
sible to its influence. Their divine harmo
ny penetrated our souls—and though unac
quainted with the language in which their
thanksgivings were conveyed, we lifted up
our thoughts to Heaven with a devotion of
mind which we trust the Being who knows
all hearts, and who marks each secret aspi
ration of them for his favour, will accept,
in lieu of our customary mode of social
worship on this day, which we were pre
vented from joining in by the circumstances
of our situation. When the service was
concluded, we made some inquiries relative
to the place, the preacher, and the sect to
which he belonged. Our curiosity was
satisfied by the female inhabitant of a little
cottage attached to one end of the chapel,
who spoke extremely good English, and
exhibited a perfect pattern of neatness and
simplicity. From her we understood the
hamlet was called Penstreet, appropriated
to a congregation of Pre9byterian9, who
assembled here every Sunday, aDd were
instructed by the Rev Mr. Wm. Jones, a
man of great respectability and exemplary
character.
Nothing, perhaps, can afford a stronger
or more agreeable instance of that religious
spirit which prevails amongst the lower
order of Welsh, than the circumstance I
have just related to you ; a congregation
collecting together at a chapel situated in
a wild, mountainous country, and considera
bly distant from the nearest habitation, and
that too in defiance of the rain and the
wind, which had fallen and blown through
all the morning with little intermission.
To this religious spirit, indeed, may be at
tributed that humanity, courtesy and decen
cy, which the Welsh possess in so superiour
a degree to the English canaille ; for it is a
truth which candour and observation will
readily allow, that the only foundation for
good morals and decent conduct, at least
amongst the lower orders, is a principle of
religion, a knowledge of the duties it teach
es, and a sense of their obligation to per
form them as rational and accountable be
ings.
ST. PETER’S CHURCH AT ROME.
From the Rev. Mr. Berrian’s travels ia France
and Italy.
From the coliseum we went to St. Peter’s.
Before we entered it we found ourselves
surrounded with wonders. A double colon
nade, formed by four extensive ranges of
lofty pillars, sweep around, on each side in
a semicircle, and leave between them a
beautiful and spacious court. From the in
ner extremities of these open porticos, two
close galleries extend, almost in a direct
line, to the front of the church. In the
centre of the court, an Egyptian obelisk,
eighty feet in height and nine feet square
at the base, rises upon an elevated pedestal;
and two superb fountains, at equal distance
from it, throw up streams of water, which
fijll around in perpetual showers. The
view is closed by the vastfronlofSt. Peter’s,
the lesser cupola, and the stupendous dome.
It is difficult to give any suitable ideas of
these extraordinary objects, or to express
the feelings which they successively exci
ted.
We then enter, by a fine marble staircase,
of three flights, into a grand and elegant
vestibule, about fifty feet in breadth and
four hundred and fifty in length, graced
with the equestrian statue of Constantine
the great at one end, and Charlemagne at
the other.
But when we passed into the Church it
self, all that we had seen seemed as nothing.
So vast in dimensions, so just in symmetry',
so rich and gorgeous, and yet sublime!—
it surpassed all that we had conceived of
the world’s grandeur. We stood some time
fixed in amazement, uttering nothing but
exclamations of wonder and delight. The
vault, glittering with gilded bronze, rose
one hundred and fifty feet above our beads,
and the grand nave stretched out to the
length of a furlong. We walked up this
aisle till we came under the dome, which
hangs over the transept, where it is inter
sected by the nave. The extreme point of
the lantern is between four and five hun
dred feet from the pavement. The light
admitted from above throws a soft lustre
over the rich mosaicks with which the
dome is inlaid ; and while we gaze at the
representation of our Lord in his glory,
surrounded by apostles and martyrs, u the
spirits of just men made perfect, and all the
company of Heaven the striking emblem
can scarcely fail to awaken more lively
ideas of the reality. The greatness, the
elevation, the unrivalled sublimity of this
work, draw the eye from the edifice, and
fix it with increased admiration, on this
noblest part of the noblest building in the
universe.—The columns only which sup
port the dome, are sixty-five feet square.
The arm of the cross is five hundred feet
long, and even wider than the middle aisle.
The grand altar, at the central point of
intersection, is covered by a high canopy
of bronze, resting on twisted pillars. A
round the tomb of St. Peter, immediately
beneath, a hundred and twelve silver lamps
are always kept burning. At the upper
end of the nave is the chair of St. Peter.
The four Doctors of the Latin and Greek
Churches are supporting it.- Angels stand
at the side, two above hold the tiara and
the pontifical keys, and ghervbim apd set?
GO YE WTO ALL THE WORLD AND PREACH THE GOSPEL TO EVERY CREATURE.— Jksvh Christ.
MOUNT ZION, (HANCOCK CO. GA.) WEDNESDAY, JULY 25, 1821.
aphim worship it.—Thi9 presumptuous
monument is likewise of gilded bronze.
The Holy Spirit, blessing and crowning the
work, appears above all, in the form of a
dove, on a ground of yellow crystal; and
the light which comes through is so bril
liant, and yet so subdued, that it throws
around the dove a kind of celestial splen
dour.
It would be an endless work to describe
the stately sepulchral monuments which
fill the recesses—the various marbles with
which the walls are covered ; the columns
scattered through the aisle and about the
altars; the paintings, in mosaick, which
ceil the numerous domes; the copies of
celebrated pictures, taken by artists skilful
in mosaick work, to perpetuate their beau
ties ; the statues and other embellishments
which enrich this magnificent temple.
These give it the finishing graces, but it
owes its incomparable majesty to the bold
and simple features already described.
Every thing here is on a colossal scale;
but whether it be from the numerous orna
ments of the building, or from the perfect
harmony between the details and the gen
eral plan, 1 could never realize the vast
ness and extent of St. Peter’s. As we
came in, one of the company called my at
tention to the statues of two angels which
are placed by the fonts of holy water on
each side of the middle aisle. They seem
ed, only a few paces off, to be about the
size of a chubby infant, just out of the
mother’s arms; but on drawing near, we
found them larger than men. So also the
bronze canopy over the altar, viewed from
the entrance of the church, looks like a
diminutive object, though it is nearly one
hundred feet high. All that we see around
us is grand and elevating beyond concep
tion, and yet, from the actual dimensions,
we would expect the aisles to appear long
er, the roof more aspiring, and the dome
dim and indistinct from distance.
Today I atteaded mass in the pontifical
palace, on the Quirinal hill. It was the
anniversary of the election of Pius VII. and
it was understood that the Pope himself
would assist in the celebration. Twenty
four cardinals, who were dressed in flowing
purple robes, the hoods of which were lin
ed with white damask, and whose heads
were powdered and crowns covered with a
circular piece of scarlet cloth, took the
upper seats on each side of the chapel;
the dignitaries next in rank sat below them ;
and the inferiour clergy on seats scarcely
raised above the floor.—They had not pro
ceeded far in the service before the mas
ters of ceremonies (who on this occasion
were dressed in black robes, with scapula
rie9 of nettled muslin hanging on their
shoulders) went in to the cardinals, and
almost in the twinkling of an eye, changed
their purple mantles for scarlet. A few
minutes after, the infirm old Pope, a mae
of a mild and meek countenance, and who
in his person, his features, and especially
in his air and manned was not unlike the
late Bishop Moore, of New-York, was
brought in on a chair, and placed upon a
throne. Bishops (as I supposed) adjusted
the folds of his garments, cardinals minis
tered around him, incense was thrown into
his face, and every mark of respect short
of absolute homage, was shown to this vice
gerent of Heaven. They then went on
celebrating the mass with extraordinary
pomp, and the Pope occasionally took a
part in it with the officiating cardinal, in a
low, hollow, and tremulous voice.—They
both wore mitres, which were of a light
9traw colour, and not distinguishable at the
distance from which I saw them, either in
their form or appearance. In the most
solemn parts of the service they were
taken off.
The cardinals afterward rose in succes
sion from their seats —they advanced to
wards the Pope, while the masters of cere
monies arranged the long train of their gar
ments, to prevent entanglement and con
fusion ; they bowed profoundly to his holi
ness, kissed his hand, and returned. Two
of the inferiour Clergy kissed his foot.
During the mas, there was musick oc
casionally, but it was less sweet and harmo
nious than commfn. After the Gospel, a
cardinal taking acenser, repeated the cere
mony of throwing incense in the Pope’s
face, and then did it successively to all his
brethren. These things were performed
with grace anddignity. The behaviour of
Cardinal Dona was singularly composed
and devout, and, of the greater part, per
fectly grave and becoming, though I observ
ed among a few, a considerable degree of
levity, and in one or two instances, even
while on their knees. When the mass was
ended,the Pope was carried out in the same
manner as he had been brought in.
The receipts of the American Bible Soci*
ety, for the month of May, amounted to
$4265. The receipts of the United For
eign Missionary Society, for the same
month, amounted to $540.
Sir Edward Pigot has been appointed
governour of Ceylon. It is hoped, that un
der him our missionary printer, Mr. Garrett,
will be permitted to reside upon the island.
Bast. Per. ■
Interesting Missionary Intelligence.
MISSION TO THE SANDWICH ISL
ANDS.
From the Missionary Herald, for July.
Since the publication of our last number,
letters have been received, by three differ
ent conveyances, from the missionaries at
the Sandwich Islands. The Volunteer,
capt. Bennett, left Woahoo on the 19th, and
Atooi the 21st of November, and brought
communications of those dates respectively;
particularly the mission journal kept at Wo
ahoo, from July to November. The intel
ligence from this mission is still deeply in
teresting. Our limits will not permit the
insertion of extracts from the journal in the
present number. The following letters,
however, give a brief view of the mission,
and its several parts, down to the last date
mentioned.
Mr.Bingham enclosed letters to bis friends,
particularly to Messrs. Parsons and Fisk,
in an envelope addressed to the Treasurer,
Aug. 17th. The vessel, by which these
letters were sent, unexpectedly stopped
again at the islands, Sept. 26th, when Mrs.
Bingham added the following postscript:
“ Dear Sir,
“ Some alteration in the plans of capt.
Gyzelaar, the bearer of these communica
tions, has given us an opportunity of making
an addition to the packet, which we should
have done, had our present circumstances
admitted.
“ Mr. B. broke the seal with an intention
of writing to you; but was unexpectedly
called away; and capt. G. comes lo tell us,
that the Clarion sails in an hour. lam un
willing to close the letter without the latest
date; as I feel that the satisfaction to your
self and many others will not be small to
hear what, in th# greatest haste, may be
said in one line: The kind providence of our
Heavenly Father still attends us. His care is
over all his creatures; but we have cause,
from day to day,to sing of his peculiar mercy.
O that we may render praise, love, and
cheerful obedience; such as become those
to whom much is given.”
Letter from Messrs. Bingham and Loomis , to
the corresponding Secretary.
Hanaroorah, Woahoo, Nov. 19,1820.
Rev. and very dear Sir,
Your first communication to us, after giv
ing us the partiDg hand, with your paternal
benediction, in Boston harbour, we recei
ved by the Cleopatra’s Barge, capt. Suter,
on the lltb of this month. We have been
refreshed by its interesting contents; as al
so by the rich feast of religious and mission
ary intelligence sent us by the Pru. com.
and others. We cannot but rejoice with
you in view of what God is doing for
Zion, and for the heathen, We have writ
ten you, since our arrival, by the L’Aigle,
capt. Starbuck, the Levant, capt. Cary,*
and the Ann, capt. Hale ; and sent by capt.
Cary, a copy of our journal up to the 19th
of July, and hope to send you now, by the
Volunteer, capt. Bennett, our journal con
tinued from that date, till the present. We
believe you will rejoice with us, when you
see what the Lord has done for these Isles
of the Gentiles, in removing their idols and
altars of abomination, and in planting a
Christian mission and church aDd erecting
the standard of the Gospel. In view of the
magnitude and responsibility of the work
before us, the great preparation deemed
necessary to engage in it, and the difficulty
of making every needed preparation, we
could not but feel, at the time we left you,
that, in some respects our embarcation was
hasty and premature. Though the same
considerations have still a similar bearing
on our minds, yet we are satisfied that ,ve
arrived, in the good providence of God, “ at
the very juncture for the establishment of
a missionand were we “ thoroughly fur
nished unto every good work,” we might
hope to see our banner unitedly set up, in
the name of our God, and immoveably es
tablished unto all generations. The work
will indeed put in requisition all the wisdom
and experience, all the talents and enter
prise, all the zeal and activity, which we
possess: nay, it seems to demand the wisest
and most efficient labourers, which the
church could possibly furnish. The chaot
ick state of the nation requires a plastick
hand, more skilful and powerful, than we
are able to apply to it, that its religious and
national character may be formed accepta
ble to God. We trust the same divine hand,
which gave existence to the nation, and
which has prostrated its idolatry, and bro
ken the galling chains of the oppressive
taboos, will form its moral character, and
give it such purity, beauty, consistency, and
stability, that the Prince of Peace will de
light to reign here forever. We, as in
struments in the divine administration, are
allowed to begiD the work; and we doubt
not you will rejoice to know, that we have
the prospect of continuing it, with the hopes
of success. We expected trials. We have
had our share. We needed them ; and we
hope they will work for our good. But our
trials from the heathen have been less than
we had expected. Though even here, if
fickleness of mind, instability, and uncertain
ty in the measures ofgoverninent; ifdrunk
* The missionaries had also written to t)f Treas
urer, by the Clarion, capt. Gyzelaar.
Price,
< $3,00 in advance. >
enness and debauchery, and their attatdan*
evils and abominations, can be considered
as trials to us, we meet with them every
day. But these are the evih which it was,
and is, our design to remove. We must
struggle with them long; and never be wea
ry in well doing.
Our journal will give you a view of otft
progress, the state of our schools, and the
situation of the mission. We have had un
der our instruction, at the different stations,
about 90 pupils, of different ages, rank, and
colour, from the king and royal family, to
the outcast in the street. Under the instruc
tion of brother and 9ister Thurston and
Thomas Hopoo, at Kirooah, 14; under
brother Loomis at Toeaigh, 8; at Woa
hoo, under the care of Mr. and Mrs. Bing
ham, 40 ; and under the care of brothers
Whitney and Ruggles, at Atooi, 30. The
station on Oivhyhee seero9, for some time,
to have been struggling for existence. It
has suffered more affliction by far than the
others. First,the defection of William Ten
nooe, of which we have before given an
account; afterwards the departure of Dr.
Holman and his wife to Mowee, partly on
account of the difficulties of obtaining an ad
equate supply of good water at Kirooah;
then the intemperate drinking and discon
tent of the youog king, which interrupted
his studies soon after he began to read in
the New Testament, together with the de
clared determination of the government to
remove from Oivhyhee to Woaboo. These
things seem to require that the island of
Owhyhee should be left, for a season, in all
its darkness and pollution. But most of our
pupils there will, in that case, come here,
and still be under our instruction. The
field is open there. It is wide and white,
but the labourers are few. The king and
brother Thurston arc expected here soon.
The school at this place has been in our
view flourishing. Today it is made to feel
its first heavy blow. Nine of our pupils
are taken away by four or five white men,
who are going to people an uninhabited isl
and near the equator, about in the longi
tude of Atooi. They have learned the tea
commandments, in their own tongue. This
is a mysterious providence, but we hope it
will all be for the best.
The station at Atooi, is yet attended, we
believe, with the divine smiles. Will the
ebureb in America help us to praise God
for bis goodness and for his wonderful works,
and continue to pray for our posterity. You,
dear Sir, will never forget us while you
love the Redeemer, and his glorious cause
among the heathen.
We hope to write more at length by the
next conveyance.
We remain, with great affection, ysmrs,
dear Sir, in the bonds and labours of the
Gospel, H. Bingham,
E. Loomis.
Letter from Messrs. Whitney and Ruggles to
the Treasurer.
Wymai, Atooi, Nov. 19,1821,
Respected and Dear Sir,
In our last communication, by the Ann,
capt. Hale, for the went of time we were
obliged to be short: for the same reason,
we must, at this time, say what we can in
few words. Our covenant Father still con
tinues his smiles upon ns, giving us all
health and strength, daily supplying our ne
cessities from his tll-aboutding and liberal
band, opening wider and wider the door of
usefulness to us, and by bis gracious prov
idences bidding us, “ Be strong and of good
courage ; fear not. nor be afraid of them ; for
the Lord thy God, he it is that doth go with
thee ; he will not fail thee nor forsake thee .”
Though every day present* to ua new in
stances of the depravity and wretchedness
of these heathens, and every hour brings
new obstacles before us, which, to the nat
ural view, seem almost to hedge up our
way; yet we experience also, every day,
fresh tokens of the gracious care and favour
of Him, who, when on earth, said to his dis
ciples, “ Go ye , therefore , teach all nations
&c. and we have constant encouragement
to arm ourselves with zeal, and confidently
proceed in our work.
King Tamoree appears no less interes
ted in our object, than when we first landed
on this island ; but rather seems more and
more inclined to patronize it, almost daily
contributing to our comforts and convenien
ces. About the middle of September, be
made us a present of two pieces of land,
one about two miles from our house, in the
valley of Wymai; the other in Hanapapa,
six miles distant. It is all good land, yield
ing taro, potatoes, yams, bananas, sugarcane
and cocoanuts, in abundance. There are
also two fish-ponds, attached to the lands,
which furnish us with some excellent fresh
fish. On both pieces are 48 working men,
upon whom we have a right to call for as,-
sistance, whenever we choose. They have
built us a convenient cook-house, the back
part of which serves as a lodging place for
our children and domesticks. At a moder
ate calculation, we conclude that the annu
al produce of our land is sufficient to sup
port our own family, those who cultivate it
and 60 or 70 children. Our school at pres
ent consists of about 30 children, and eight
or ten adults. Their progress is flattering.
The king is not so much engaged in learn
ing to fead at be has keen; but appears
