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EBENEZER COOPER.
May 29, 1821.
f MISSIONARY GEOGRAPHY.
Prom the London Quarterly Review, Dee. 1820.
Notices of New South Wales.
The town of Sydney, the capital of New
South Wale?, has increased very considera
bly in extent : and the style and regularity
ot the more recent buildings have been
much improved. It has a population of
about 7000 souls ; a market, well supplied
with grain, vegetables, poultry, eggs, but
ter and fruit; and a bank with a capital of
£20,000 in 200 shares, the paper of which
is the principal circulating medium of the
colony; iis flourishing condition may be
presumed from the proprietors having last
year divided 12 per cent, on their capital.
There are also two good publick schools,
one for boys, and the other for girls ; the
latter contains sixty children, who are gra
tyntously taught reading, writing, arithme
tick, sewing and the various arts of domes
tick economy. On completing their educa
tion they are assigned as servants to such
■families of respectability as apply for them ;
or married to free persons of good charac
ter, when a certain portion of land is given
in dower from a tract set apart for that
purpose.
“vdney possesses two other publick
schools, containing upwards of 220 children
of the higher rlasses, both male and fe
male : and it should be stated, to the cred
it of the local government, that provision
is made in every populous district for the
diffusion of education ; to defray the expens
es of which, one eighth part of the coloni
al revenues, amounting to about £2,500,
lias been added to the ‘ Orphans Dues, 1 on
coals and timber. Besides these laudable
institutions there are two private societies,
one called * The Auxiliary Bible Society of
New South Wales,’ the other, ‘ the New
South Whiles Sunday School Institution.’
The town next in importance to Sydney,
is Paramatta, situated at the distance of
fifteen miles from it, at the head of Port
Jackson harbour. It consists of one street
nearly a mile in length ; it? population
amounts to 1200 souls, chiefly inferiour
traders, artificers and labourers. The prin
cipal publick buildings are a church, a fe
male orphan house, a hospital, and a manu
THE MISSIONARY.
factory of coarse cloth, in which such of
the female convicts as misconduct them
selves, and such as, on their arrival in the
colony, are not immediately assigned as
servants to families, are employed. The
wool is received from the settlers, and a
certain portion of the manufactured article
is returned in exchange ; the rest is used
for clothing the coal gang, and the re-con
victed culprits who are banished to the
Coal river.
There is, besides, another institution in
Paramatta that does honour to its founder,
the present governour, Col. Macquarie. It
is a school for the education and civiliza
tion of the aboriginal natives of the coun
try. It is not more than four years since it
was opened, and by the last accounts it con
tained eighteen children who had been
voluntarily placed in it by their parents;
and it is stated they were making equal
progress in their studies with European
children, or rather with children of Euro
pean parents, of the same age.
Windsor is a rising town,situated near the
confluence of the south creek with the river
Hawkesbury, about 35 miles from Sydney.
Its population, amounting to about six hun
dred souls, is composed chiefly of settlers
who have farms in the neighbourhood.
The Hawkesbury is subject to occasional
inundations, when the waters rise some
times to the astonishing height of 70 or 80
feet; owing, it is supposed, to the branch
called the Nepean, running along the base
of the Blue Mountains for fifty or sixtv
miles, collecting in its course all the moun
tain torrents, and pouring them into that
river.
Sixty miles to the northward of Sydney,
is the town of New Castle, at the mouth of
the Coal river. Its population, consisting
chiefly of incorrigible offenders convicted
offresh crimes in ihe colony, amounts to
about five hundred souls. They are em
ployed from sunrise to sunset in burning
lime, and in procuring coals and timber for
the publick works and for sale on govern
ment account.
The last town is Liverpool, founded by
Governour Macquarie about five or six
years ago. It is situated on the banks of
George’s river, at the distance of eighteen
miles from Sydney, and has a population of
two hundred soul. The river empties
itself into Botany Bay, and is navigable by
boats of 20 tons burden up to the town.
The climate is healthy and pleasant, and
the colonists are not subject to any particu
lar diseases. The grains in cultivation are
wheat, maize, barley, oat? and rye ; the
first two are those which thrive best and
are most in use ; maize gives on flooded
lands a hundred bushels an acre. All the
garden vegetables known in England are
produced freely in the colony ; peaches,
apricots, nectarines, oranges, lemons, cit
rons, loqnits, guaves, cherries, Cape, Chi
na, and English mulberries, walnuts, Span
ish chesnuts, almonds, medlar?, quinces,
grapes, pears, plums, figs, pomegranates,
raspberries, strawberries, and melons of
all sorts, attain the highest degree of matu
rity in the open air ; and even the pineap
ple may be produced merely by the aid of
the common forcing glass. The grape too
succeeds to admiration, and almost all the
varieties, at least the choicest kinds, from
the continent of Europe, have been secured
to the country. Sugar, tobacco, cotton,
and all the products of a tropical climate,
will no doubt be added to those which the
colony already enjoys. The wool of the
New South Wales sheep is of remarkable
fineness; it is found to vie with the very
best Spanish wool, and it can be brought to
the English market nearly as cheap as from
Spain.
[Description of N.S.Wales, by W.C.Wentworth.]
A mountain of Hbnaleh , India, and the God
dess Jumna. — From ‘ Frazer's Tour.'’
The travellers were now in the very
heart of the lofty range of Himaleh, whose
peak* towered in majestick grandeur above
their heads, more especially that of Bun
derpouch, which Mr. Frazer say* is ‘ a pro
digious mountain.’ It is the same which
Captain Webb calls the peak of Jtimanava
tari, and whose height is calculated by Mr.
Colebrooke, from that officer’s distant ob
servations of the angle it subtended, at
25,500 feet. At the very foot of this
mountain, elevated as the situation was,
village succeeded village, in the most ro
mantick and terrifick positions, and sur
rounded on every side with snow. On
reaching Cursalee, the last village on this
side Jumnotree, he fell in with a concourse
of people, assembled to performthe annual
ceremony of carrying the images of their
gods to wash them in the sacred stream of
Jumna. Men and women, in a state of in
toxication, indiscriminately joined in a gro
tesque and savage dance to the sound of
wild and uncouth inusick ; this kiud of fran
tick worship is continued for several days
and nights, and, in truth, says Mr. Frazer,
it is in unison with their general manners
and habits, which are barbarous and incon
sistent !
At the end of a painful and perilous day’s
journey beyond this place, they reached
the temple of Byramjee, (a subordinate di
vinity to Jumna,) stationed here to an
nounpc the approach of votaries to the
more sanctified shrine of the goddess.
GO YE INTO ALL THE WORLD AND PREACH THE GOSPEL TO EVERY CREATURE. —Jesus Christ.
MOUNT ZION, (HANCOCK CO. GA.) WEDNESDAY, JULY 18, 1821.
Here a Brahmin officiated at a little temple
without any image, built of loose stones,
and about three feet high, perched on a
rock overhanging the stream, which roars
and foams at a tremendous depth below.
Scrambling up a steep ascent of rocks,
loose stones, and precipices, a short walk
brought them to Jumnotree. This sacred
spot is situated just below the place where
a multitude of small streams, occasioned
by the meltiDg masses of snow, trickle
down, and unite in a large basin ; this how
ever is inaccessible, and completely hid
from the eye by the breast of the mountain,
‘ which is of vivid green from perpetual
moisture, and furrowed by time and the
torrents into ravines, along which the nu
merous sources of this branch of the Jumna
rush with inconceivable rapidity.’
The magnificent mountain of Bunder
pouch, which towers above the sacred spot,
where the goddess Jumna has fixed her
abode, is said to terminate in four peaks,
though two of them only appear when ob
served from the west ; the Brahmins affirm
that in the cavity formed by them is a lake
of peculiar sanctity. No one has ever
seen, much less approached, this lake;
for besides the physical difficulties which
are absolutely insurmountable, the goddess
has prohibited any mortal from passing
beyond the spot appointed for her worship.
This is satisfactorily proved to every good
Hindoo by the following incident:
A fuqueer once lost his way in attempting
to reach Jumnotree, and was ascending the
mountain, till he reached the snow, where
he heard a voice inquiring what he want
ed ; and, on his answering, a mass of snow
detached itself from the side of the hill,
and the voice desired him to worship
where this snow stopped ; that Jumna was
not to be too closely approached or intrnd
ed on in her recesses ; that he should pub
lish this, and return no more, under penal
ty of death.
ANCIENT THEBES.
From Belzoni’s Travels .in Egypt.
On the 22d, we saw for the first time thp
ruins of great Thebes, and landed at Luxor.
Here I beg the reader to observe, that but
very imperfect ideas can be formed of the
extensive ruins cf Thebes, even from the
accounts of the most skilful and accurate
travellers. It is absolutely impossible to
imagine the scene displayed, without see
ing it. The most sublime ideas, that can
be formed from the mo9t magnificent speci
mens of our present architecture, would
give a very incorrect picture of these
ruins; for such is the difference, not only
in magnitude, but in form, proportion and
construction, that even the pencil can con
vey but a faint idea of the whole. It ap
peared to me like entering a city of giants,
who after a long conflict, were all destroy
ed, leaving the ruins of their various tem
ples as the only proofs of their former
existence. The temple of Luxor presents
to the traveller at once one of the most
splendid groups of Egyptian grandeur.
The extensive propylaeon, with the two
obelisks, and colossal statue* in the front;
the thick group 9of enormous columns; the
variety of apartments and the sanctuary it
contains; the beau'iful ornaments which
adorn every part of the walls and columns,
described by Mr. Hamilton ; cause in the
astonished traveller an oblivion of all that
he lias seen before. If his attention he
attracted to the north side of Thebes by
the towering remains, that project a great
height above the wood of palm trees, he
will gradually enter that forest-like assem
blage of ruins of temples, columns, obelisks,
colossi, sphyuxes, portals, and an endless
number of other astonishing objects, that
will convince him at once of the impossibili
ty of a description. On the west side of
the Nile, still the traveller finds himself
among wonders. The temples of Gour
nou, Memnoniqrn, and Medinet Aboo, attest
the extent of the great city on thi9 side.
The unrivalled colossal figures, in the
plains of Thebes, the number of tombs ex
cavated in the rocks, those in the great
valley of the kings, with their paintings,
sculptures, mummies, sarcophagi, figures,
£c. are all objects worthy of the admira
tion of the traveller; who will not fail to
wonder how a nation, which was once so
great as to erect these stupendous edifices,
could so far fall into oblivion, that even
their language and writing are totally un
known to us.
—-ozo:*:ozo>-
MISSIONARY MEETING.
From the Boston Recorder of June ?3.
The adjourned Missionary Meeting was
holden, according to the notice in our l9t,
on Tuesday evening, at the Marlboro 1 Ho
tel. We had the satisfaction to be present
on this very interesting occasion ; and it was
highly animating to see the great hall filled
with ladies and gentlemen, including many
of the first respectability from this and the
neighbouring towns, assembled to consult
on the best means for obtaining resources
for the support of the missionary cause.
The Chairman, Hod. William Reed, called
the attention of the meeting. He gave a
brief sketch of* the transactions of the last
meeting, and at his suggestion, Hi? Honour
Lt. Governour Phillips was invited to pre
side during the evening, His Honour
thanked the meeting for their respect, but
declined on account of the state of his health,
and the Hon. Mr. Reed resumed the chair.
At the invitation of the Chairman, the
Rev. Mr. Fax, of Charlestown, led the as
sembly in asking the Divine blessing.
Jeremiah Evarts, Esq. said, that nothing
but his official situation would have induced
him to address the meeting this evening.
He was persuaded that information only was
necessary to excite a deep interest in this
Christian community in favour of missions.
The American Board of Commissioners tor
Foreign Missions, he said, had been in ex
istence 11 years, aud in active operation 9
years. They occupy now, seven missiona
ry stations, at which are twenty-four ordaio
ed Ministers of the. Gospel, and in all, more
than ninety adults, well qualified to teach
and promote that civilization which Chris,
tiauity alone can furnish. In all the stations
great attention is paid to education ; not less
than 3,000 children are now receiving in
struction under their care. All these ope
rations must require large expenditures.
This application he said, was made on
account of the wants of the mission at Bom
bay and Ceylon, and because there is a fa
vourable opportunity to remit by a very
respectable friend of missions, who is about
to sail for India. Nor let it be supposed
that all our funds are expended in foreign
countries. More than g>20,000 had been
expended by the Board, during the last year,
among the Aborigines of our own country,
besides the liberal assistance of the govern
ment, and all the Indians had done for them
selves, and still larger plans are laying.
Mr. E. referred to the character of a Mis
sionary. He is a hera.d of the salvation of
the cross. The Apostles were Missiona
aries. It would be a literal translation of
the original, to say, the twelve Missiona
ries. The office on earth most honourable,
is that of him who comes with the most im
portant message ever sent to man, the offer
ofsalvation. What then i? the dignity of
the office of him who carries this message
to great nations ? The missionary character
does stand high in Africa, in all India, in
Tartary, and on the shores of the Pacifick
Mr. E. mentioned Doctors Carey and Mor
rison. Doctor Care)’ was a mechanick, he
had a taste for learning, he was anxious to
go to the heathen; he went; the Marquis
ofWellesly appointed him to a professor
ship in the College of Fort William, with
a salary of $6,000; of which he retained
to himself, only the salary of a Missionary.
Thus it is that those Missionaries have paid
$25,000 to the Society who sent them. Dr.
Morrison went to Canton in a humble capa
city ; be had translated the whole Bible in
to that language spoken by so many millions.
These gentlemen have received their titles
during their resilience in India, from the
most respectable Universities in Europe.
He would also mention Mr. Marsden. When
New Holland shall contain a hundred mil
lions of inhabitants, it will be remembered
that Marsden was the founder of Christian
society there.
Mr. E. stated that a letter from Mrs.
Thurston, at the Sandwich Islands, men
tioned the arrival of a vessel from the
North West Coast, which reported that the
natives there were asking for missionaries ;
they say, “you bring missionaries to the
Sandwich Islands, why don’t you bring them
to us ?” They were told, “you are too sav
age ; Missionaries cannot stay with you.”
They replied. “ why don’t they come and
see us,we n ill give them the best we have.”
One chief said, if missionaries did not come
there, he would go where they were. Mr.
E. remarked that it was less expensive in
time and money, and vastly less dangerous
to life, for missionaries to go to Ceylon,
than to the natives of our own country.
Besides, for one heathen in our own coun
try there are a thousand in India; here
they are thinly scattered, there in swarms;
our Indians have no written language, they
to a vast extent can read. But, said Mr. E.
the Saviour has taught us, in the parable
of the good Samaritan, not to regard distan
ces in our benevolence, but to call every
man our neighbour to whom we can do any
good.
Mr. William Ropes next addressed the
meeting. He was unwilling, when his tes
timony could be of any value, to refrain
■from giving it in favour of Missions. All
that is wanted to excite a deep interest on
this subject is to attend to the good which
has been effected. Mr. R. said, it had fall
en to his lot to he on missionary ground in
India. He was acquainted with most of (he
Missionaries in Bengal. He had an oppor
tunity to witness the good effects not only
upon the Natives, but upon Europeans.
What would Bengal have been without Mis
sionaries ? There was a constant accumula
tion of foreigners; men whose object was
to make fortunes; very few were men of
religion. A few years ago there were no
religious institutions, and no churches ex
cept two or three belonging to Catholicks.
The officers of government frequently op
posed efforts to do good. When Dr. Carey
first went to India, he found an entire des
titution of religious privileges. Mr. R.
heard Dr. Carey, in a sermon a year ago,
appeal to his congregation, that twenty
vear3 before there were not five serious
persons in Bengal. Now Calcutta is one of
the most favoured places. The Missiona
ries there, are as respectable as auy mea
Price, J J 3 ’ so P r - ,mn - or ’>‘
’ ( $3,00 in advance.)
in our own country. It is fourteen years
since Mr. Thomason was sent out. He is
your agent, said Mr. R. no man is more
respected. The Baptist missionaries are
making great efforts, they are highly res
pected. They have a great many schools,
and large influence with men in power.
Mr. Udney and many othei*gent)emen high
in trust under the Company, are friendly
to missions. At Serampore the effects are
very pleasing. He had an opportunity to
see a considerable number of the converts
there, who do honour to their profession.
He heard the venerable Krishnoo preach.
Through twenty years of trial he has nev
er dishonoured religion. Mr. R spent a
Sabbath at Serampore, It ;vns one of the
most pleasant in his life. He walked with
one of the missionaries to see some of the
Christian families. It was easy as they
passed, to say‘surely there dwells a Chris
tian Family.’ Their superiour neatness
and regularity distinguish them plainly from
their unconverted neighbours. Here they
saw the women companions of the men.
The evening services were closed with
prayer by a native Christian. His maimer
was extremely earnest, and a gentleman
who unders'ood the ideas, remarked that it
was in a strain of elevated devotion, which
our language could not reach. In Bengal
the English method of instruction has been
introduced into two hundred native schools.
A School-book Society has been establish
ed. in this way all the sciences of the En
glish language are introduced, and finally
the Christian religion. The good effect of
this will be beyond all calculation. He
would relate an anecdote which would set
in a strong light the degraded state of wo
men in Bengal: A friend of his asked a rich
native why be did not receive his wife and
daughters to his table and make them his
companions. “ Figure to yourself,” said
he “ what you would enjoy with your cook
■ and your scullion at your table and in their
society, and you will know what I can enjoy
from the company of my wife and daugh
ters.” Another deeply lamented the prac
tice of keeping women in subjection, “ but,”
said he, “ in twelve ypars we shall enjoy in
this respect what Christians do.” He knew
that it had been supposed that missionaries,
as soon as they mingle with the heathen,
lose their character and imbibe the vices
of the heathen ; but he could bear testimo
ny to the character of missionaries in Ben
gal. All which he had said in favour of
others, applied equally to our own mission
aries. He was acquainted with them, and
could testify to the high estimation in which
they are held as men of learning and integ
rity. He could say that what this country
is doing has a powerful effect in arou-ing
other nations. Those in England and India
say, if America can do so much, we must do
more. He had been present at a meeting,
where those highest in office in India came
forward in support of missions. He hoped
that in this Christian country no one would
oppose. Had it not t'een lor missionaries,
this meeting would not have existed, this
country would not have been settled. He
hoped people would examine this subject
as they do other subjects, aud he was cer
tain that those who do not act in favour of
missions will forever regret it, and those
who do act will regret, if they do not all
which it is possible for them to do for the
glory of God.
UNION OF THE CHURCHES.
Philadelphia, June 9.
The General Assembly of the Presbyte
rian Church in the United States, and the
General Synod of the Associate Reformed
Church, during their recent sessions in this
city, respectively adopted a plan to effect a
union of the two branches of the Christian
Church which they represented. As it
was deemed proper by the Synod that the
concurrence of its Presbyters should be
severally obtained, it was resolved by that
Judicatory to submit the plan to them for
consideration. The committee of commu
nication from the Synod of the General As
sembly, expressed their opinion that the
Presbyters would most cordially approve
of the p.oceedings on the subject, and that
at the next meeting of the Judicatories the
union would be consummated.
The plan provides for the transfer of
the Library of the Associated Reformed
Church’s Theological Seminary, consisting
of 4000 volumes (which cost $17,000) to
the General Assembly’s Theological Sem
inary at Princeton. A fund, being a dona
tion towards the endowment of a Professor
ship of Biblical Literature in the Synod’s
Seminary, of which between 9 and 10,000
dollars have been expended for the use of
the Seminary, is to he refunded to the unit
ed body, and held for the purpose contem
plated by the donor, the interest of which
is to be applied to the purposes of the Gen
eral Assembly’s Seminary, until a sufficient
sum to endow the Professorship of Biblical
Literature shall be acquired. Os the dona
tion also there remains unexpended about
SI4OO, which is also to he transferred, and
held in requisition as part of the Professor
ship fund. When, therefore, the Profes
sorships originally designated by the Gen
eral Assembly are endowed, measures will
be taken to complete the endowment re
quired by the Union.
The Presbyteries composing the Synod
