Newspaper Page Text
No 9 —— Vol. Vl.]
To Ike Kditon of the Missionary.
Gentlemen —I regret to bave occasion
nce more (o trespass upon your valuable
p-tge9, especially as you deem them misap
plied when devoted to controversial writ
ing; but my remarks 9hall be as concise as
gpssible.
Mr. Battle’s letter and my observations
are before the publick, and every person
interested in the discussion can refer to
them to satisfy himself as to the tenor of
the former and the propriety of the latter,
I am truly happy, however, to perceive
that Mr. B. disclaims the opinions which I
ascribed to him, and am now satisfied that
he expressed himself inadvertently when
he made the remarks which have given
rise to my charges, although I still conceive
that the inferences which I have drawn are
legitimate. Mr. B. evidently mistakes the
motive which induced me to notice his pub
lication; It was not to wound his feelings
or those of his brethren ; it was not to mis
represent bis opinions, neither was it to en
ter into a tedious and unprofitable contro
versy ; but as 1 have already stated, to de
fend the Church of which I am a member
from unfounded and inconsiderate charges.
Mr. B. i9 surely aware that Methodists
never invite irreligious persoos to the Lord’s
Table, but they call upon all in whose
9onls a work of grace ha 9 been begun, to
partake witb them. Mankind can be di
vided bot into two classes. Men are either
in a natural state, children of wrath, or they
are in a state of grace, the servants of God.
They who are in a natural state are spirit
ually blind; and “ the carnal mind is enmi
ty with God;” therefore, when an individu
al is enlightened so as to perceive his lost
and mined condition, and when his hear’
instead of being oppospd to God and his
Redeemer, earnestly desires to see God’s
reconciled countenance through the Lord
Jesus Christ, and to live in obedience to his
commands, it necessarily implies the agen
cy of the Holy Spirit, and clearly evinces
a decided change id his perception and af
feciinus. Methodists, if I understand their
principles, never admit to their communion
table any but gpnuine penitents; nnd our
Lord has observed, “ Blessed are they that
mourn, for they shall be comforted.”
“Come unto me all ye who are weary and
heavy laden, and I will give you rest.”
“Seek and ye shall find,” &c. And if this
not drawing a line of separation between
the Church and the world, I am indeed
very much deceived. But enough. Mr.
B. concedes that the Presbyterian and
Methodist Churches are Christian Chur
ches. and that baptism is not essential to
salvation, and I am perfectly satisfied, and
close this discussion with every sentiment
of Christian affection and good will towards
Mr. B. and the whole Israel of God.
I remain, gentlemen, yours, &c.
PETER W. GAUTIER.
MontictUo, Aug. 5, 1824.
From the JV. Y. Spectator.
THE MARQUIS DE LA FAYETTE.
The anticipated visit of this early and
uniform friend of the Uni'ed States, and
the preparations making in various places
to receive the veteran champion of tree
dom in a manner suitable to his rank and
services and creditable to ihe character &
feelings nf the country, have contributed to
render him the most conspicuous and inter
esting object now before the publick One
consequence, among others, is, that many
pens have been employed in writing pane
gvricks upon bis character and virtues, and
in collecting and recording the leading in
cideots of his eventful life. Not having
room for the several accounts which have
Swollen into maoy columns, it is our pre
sent design to collect from the materials
thus furnished to our hands, (partly by’ the
Albany Daily Advertiser,) as many of these
circumstances, as we can find room for this
evening. Republicks, though often, are
not always ungrateful; and we feel a proud
assurance, that from the moment the illus
trious visiter steps upon our shores, he will
meet with a reception which will not only
be highly acceptable, but inspire his bosom
it possible witb a still higher regard for our
country, our people, and our wise and libe
ral institutions.
La Fayette was born at Auvergne, in
France, in the year 1757—consequently,
he is now 67 years old. The inhabitants
of that province, from early times, have
been distinguished for (heir boldness and
love of independence; and the family
of La Fayette were equally distinguished
for their fearless spirit, and chivalrous con
tempt of danger. With these feelings,
though but a youth, his attention was early
THE MISSIONARY.
directed to this country, while engaged in
our revolutionary struggle with the giant
power of Great Britain. He resolved to
visit us and draw bis virgin sword in our
cause; and at the age of 19, he embarked
in a ship furnished at bis expense,and land
ed at Charleston, S. C. in January, 1777.
He was not a desperate adventurer, whose
embarrassed affairs at home deprived him
of the means of enjoying life,and therefore,
was willing to risk all under a selfish hope
ofbettering his own private condition He
was born to a princely fortune. He was
surrounded by relatives and friends, and
bad been blessed even thus early io life
with conjugal love. He bid adieu to his
native land, to relatives and friends, and to
the tender & interesting partner of his bosom
—to all the pleasures and amusements
which were presented to him in the “ gay
regions and vine-covered hills of France,”
to join in the glorious contest for liberty in
the colonies of America.—He immediately
entered the array and served as a volunteer,
until the 31st of July following, when he
was commissioned by Congress a Major
General, “ in consequence of his zeal, and
nis illustrious family connexions.” He dis
tinguished himself on various occasions, and
particularly at the battle of Brandywine,
where he was engaged in the hottest of the
combat, and when wounded refused to quit
the field. On the 25th of November follow
iog, he attacked and repulsed a body of
Hessians with an inferiour force, for which
he was eotrused with a suitable command.
In 1779 be returned to France, on a visit;
and soon after reaching Paris, a sword was
presented him by the American Minister, in
the name of Congress. White there, he
used all his influence with the Government
in the cause 90 near his heart, and succeed
ed in gaining their'countenance and assis
tance. He returned again, and landed at
Boston, with large reinforcements, in 1780.
In 1781 he was ordered to the south with a
separate and independent command for the
purpose of driving Arnold out of Virginia;
lut failed in his object, for want of the co
operation of the French fleet. He was of
great service, however in checking the
(narauding expedition of General Phillips;
and was soon afterwards opposed to Corn
wallis—the ablest general sent by the mo
(her country to subdue us. On first hear
ing that La Fayette was to be opposed to
him, (he British Commander had exultingly
said, “the boy shall not escape me;” but
he found himself so often batfl- and by his
young enemy, that it became necessary to
use the greatest vigilance to prevent his
own army from being surprised. His ma
nccuvros were masterly. The army was in
want, and he supplied those wants from
his private purse—paying 10,000 dollar 4
at one time for clothing. At the siege of
Yorklown he acted a brave and conspicu
ous part ; in short, he continued actively
engaged in our service (ill the close of (he
war—saw our independence sealed aud our
county free and happy, with a brighter
prospect of future grealuess spread before
us than ever had blessed the struggles of
any nation on earth. In ’B4 he embarked
again for his native couotry, loaded with
houour, and the gratitude of the American
people. He was received in France in the
most enthusiastick manner; and when the
French revolution broke out be took sides
again in the cause of freedom, and was
elected to the States General , by his native
province. In 1789 he came forward in
that body with his celebrated declaration
of the Rights of Mao, and for bis firmness
in opposition to the court, was elected Pre
sident of the Assembly, and Commandant
of the National Guard. He did not, how
ever, enter into all the sanguinary meas
ures of the revolutionists, and all his efforts
were to preserve order in the capital.
When ordered by the commune of Paris to
proceed to Versailles with his army and
take possession of the out post 4 ,he restrain
ed the violence of his soldiers—assured the
King and Queen of their safety, and saved
the lives of fifteen of the household troops
who bad been selected as the victims of the
infuriated assailants. He also advised the
Duke of Orleans to leave the Kingdom, as
his presence gave countenance to many
sanguinary procedures. His popularity
continued to increase, and in ’9O he was cre
ated General inChief of the National Guards,
of France. Occupying this important post
at that interesting crisis, the eyes of the
world were turned upon him. His whole
energies were excited in the cause of liber
ty, and at the same time for the mainten
ance of the publick tranquillity. He held,
as it were, a magnanimous neutrality be
tween the different parties when beyond
the laws of justice and moderation. He
gave his vote for the trial by jury and the
emancipation of (he people of colour. But
io the spring of 1791, the tide of publick
feeling began to change. He was cruelly
and uujuslly suspected by the National As
sembly, and his troops were even affected
hy the intrigues of those tumultuous times.
And when the unfortunate Louis wished to
visit St. Cloud, he gave order 4 to let him
pass, and was tor the first time disobeyed !
When the King finally fled, his flight was
attributed to biro. And the King having
been taken at Varennes, the Royalists turn
ed on him from ooe side, and Marat and bis
parly accused him of treachery on the oth-
Go ye into all the world, and preach the Gospel to every creature.— Jesus Christ.
Os all the dispositions end habits which lead to political prosperity, Religion and Morality are indispensable supports.— Washington.
MOUNT ZION, (HANCOCK COUNTY, GEORGIA,) MONDAY, AUGUST 16, 1824.
er. His life was even attempted by a ruf
fian who was suffered to escape unpunish
ed. When the Constitution was adopted,
he resigned his command,on which occasion
a gold medal and a bust of Washington were
presented to him by the city of Paris. He
was offered in addition, a full remuneration
for his losses by the revolution, and this, he
magnanimously declined. In 1792 he was
given the command of the army of (be cen
tre near Ardennes. Observing, however,
the wanton and unnecessary indignities of
fered the King, he caused remonstrances to
be forwarded from the different corps of the
army. These producing no effect, he went
in person to Paris, to make bis complaiots.
The military once more opened their arms
to receive him, aod asked to be led against
the Jacobin Club, the authors of all the in
juries of which he complained. This offer,
from a generous desire to prevent the effu
sion of blood, he refused, while he propos
ed to the King, at the same time, to throw
himself upon the army for protection: but
the imbecility and distrust of Louis prevent
ed him from acceding to the offer. Oo the
memorable 10th of August,& on tbe flight of
the Royal Family to the National Assem
bly for safety, La Fayette was deprived of
his command, after vainly endeavouring to
prevent the outrages of the mob. The
Swiss Guards were all massacred, after a
gallant resistance; and the noble-hearted
La Fayette was compelled to fly before the
madness and fnry of bis countrymen. A
price was set upon bis bead, and the golden
medal before him broken in pieces by the
common hangman. In travelling into Ger
many, the petty Duke of Saxe Teschen ar
rested the illustrious fugitive, and the gal
lows was actually prepared for his execu
tion. The king of Prussia then interfered
and changed the sentence of death, to that
of close confinement in the dungeon of
Wpssel and Magdeburgh. After a year’s
suffering in the latter, the Emperor of Aus
tria next claimed him. To him he was
transferred, and immediately thrown in
chains into the filthy dungeon of Olmulz.
His wife and two lovely daughters, (Vir
ginia and Carolina,) named after our own
beloved land, flew to him on heariog of his
situation, and participated in bis captivity.
His estate was all confiscated. His suffer
ings and those of his family, awakened the
sympathies of every American in bis be
half. General Washington took the deepest
interest in his fate, and used all the exer
tions in his power to procure his liberation.
Washington, moreover, made a generous
remittance from his private purse, to sup
ply his personal wants. Compassion for
his situation, drew petitions for his release
from all quarters. But the Emperor, re
garding him as one of the principal agents
in the insulting degradation and subsequent
death of the King and Queen of France,was
inexorable. After two years spent iu this
horrible prison, a daring design wa9 formed
by Dr. Bollman, a Hanoverian, to liberate
him ; but after surveying the premises, he
found that the object was impracticable
unless he had an associate to help him.
While at Vienna, accident threw in bis way
Francis K. Huger, a young American well
qualified by education and habit, for the
uodertaking. It so happened that this
young gentleman was the son of Col. Hu
ger, into whose house La Fayette first en
tered, on coming on shore in a violent
storm, near Charleston, and by whom tbe
gallant Marquis wa9 first introduced to
Washington. They concerted their meas
ures ; purchased three of the best horses
that could be found; Huger feigned illness
and travelled for bis health; and Bollman
was the physician. They arrived at 01-
mntz, and after some time gained the con
fidence of the jailor, and frequently visited
the prison, where they found means of open
ing a correspondence with the noble cap
tive, which was continued for some time,
aod conducted so openly that the jailor had
no suspicion of the treachery. Notes, how
ever,written apparently only to inquire as to
the state of bis health, were sometimes writ
ten on the other side with a preparation
which could be rendered visible by beat ;*
and by this means Ihe plot was contrived,
every arrangement made, and the following
day fixed upon to put the plan in execution.
—•We have not room to go into the details
of the plot,nor (ogive the particulars which
attended its auspicious commencement, but
disastrous termination. Suffice it to say,
that one of the best contrived plans, after a
train of romaotick though mo9t untoward
accidents, which no prudence could fore
see or guard against, entirely failed. Fay
ette escaped ten miles, where he was sus
pected, mis directed as to the road he was
to take, and finally taken and sent back to
prison, where Huger had been committed
before him. Bollman was more success
ful ; but finding that his plan had failed,
and (hat his friend had also been imprison
ed, he returned so Olmutz and delivered
himself up. Huger and Bollman were im
prisoned on a charge of conspiracy against
the Austrian Government; the Court be
lieved that all the garrison of Olmutz had
been engaged io the conspiracy; that ma
ny people had been arrested upon suspi
cion ; for it could not be believed that
* A solution of dried gall of beef, will answer
for this purpese.
two such youog men as he and Bollman
could have formed and executed sodaring
a plan without the aid of others; but they
were finally tried for planning and assisting
in the escape. They were first to bave
been imprisoned for life. The upright
Judge, however, was bribed down to four
teen years, then to seven years, then to
one year, to a month, and finally to a week.
M. de la Fayette, the unfortunate cauee of
their distresses, remained in confinement
till the close of tbe year 1797, when, up
on peace taking place between Austria and
France, he was released at the request of
the French General, Bonaparte. The
health of his wife was destroyed by the con
finement, and (hat of his daughters greatly
injured. His own was much impaired for
sometime. His hair all came out whilst
confined in (he Bonaparte offer
ed la Fayette his protection, but he declined
it, and retired to Hamburgh, where he liv
ed very privately until after tbe overthrow
of the Directory. Upon that event, he re
turned to France, and lived upon his estate
until after the first abdication of Bonaparte,
when he was elected a Deputy. After the
bat le of Waterloo, it is said, he advocated
(he abdication of Napoleon, and acted with
Foucbe, in declaring the sitting of the
Chambers permanent. On the final res
toration of the Bourbons, he again retired
to private life, when he was once more
elected a Deputy from La Sarthe, though
opposed by the whole weight of Ministe
rial influence. At the last election, howev
er, he was unsuccessful, because the most
unjustifiable means were taken to prevent
his success.
It is needless, (says the Richmond En
quirer, from which we bave drawn a small
portion of this article,) to dwell upon the
circumstances which distinguished this
great benefactor of the human race. They
are familiar to every one.—All taken to
gether, they unite in giving an affecting in
terest to La Fayette’s visit to America,
which mast fill the heart ol every virtuous
being with (he finest and noblest feelings
that belong to our nature. It will attract
tbe attention of the enlightened io all parts
of the world, and will afford an incident up
on which poets and historians will dwell
with rapture, and around which they will
(brow io profusion their choicest and
most beautiful flowers.
From the New York Observer.
THE AMERICAN COLONY IN AFRICA.
The following letter was addressed to Lieut-
Robert F. Stockton, chairman of a meeting held
at Princeton, on the 14th inst. for the formation
of a Society auxiliary to the American Coloniza
tion Society, by Dr. E. Ayres, formerly agent of
the United States Government and of the Ameri
can Colonization Society, in the new Colony of
Liberia, on the western coast of Africa. It con
tains many new and interesting statements res
pecting the colony.
New York, July 9, 1824.
My Dear. Sir: The American Coloniza
tion Society has formed a constitution and
laws for the government of the Colony, and
every emigrant is compelled to subscribe
bis name to them, and to take an oath that
he will support and abide by them. Tbe
constitution provides, that the government
of the Colony shall be vested in an agent
appointed by the Society, and such
other officers as they may from time
to time see proper to appoint, until such
time as they may choose to withdraw and
leave the Colonists to govern themselves.
The Society transports at its own charge,
such as are unable to pay their passage, and
maintains them there for one year, or until
they are able to procure subsistence for
themselves. It also furnishes to such as
cannot pay for them, nails, hinges, locks,
and other articles for building, and trusts
them for one, two, or three years, or until
they can pay for (hem. Each male erai
grant residing in the Colony receives one
town lot, five rods by eight in extent, and
a plantation containing five acres, situated
as near the town as possible. If he has a
wife be receives two acres io addition, and
one acre for each child, provided no one
receives more than ten acres in all. He is
bound to build a good substaotial house, and
to cultivate at least two acres within two
years, and if he complies with these terms,
he is entitled to a deed of bis land io fee
simple.
There is in the tract purchased and which
may yet be purchased as far as the country
has yet been explored, as fertile a soil for
the cultivation of sugar cane and rice as any
this globe can boast. This tract embrace*
millions of acres, and will hereafter be sold
out to emigrants at a price like our own
back lands, and the proceeds be applied to
tbe objects of the Society.
Africa it is said contains 50,000,000 inhab
itants. All that portion of this population,
which inhabit the vast region south of tbe
Great Desert, have, for many ages, been
io the habit of acquiring what to them has
become the necessaries of file, by sale of
their own species To obtain these slaves,
wars bave been waged, murders and robbe
ries committed, while all improvement of
their own rich and fertile soil has been neg
lected. No other mode of procuring the
necessaries of fife than by tbe sale of slaves,
has ever been sought for. For a few years
past, the slave trade has been very much
interrupted, and in some places entirely
{Price $3 50 per ann.
stopped. This has rendered the supplies,
on the whole, precarious and uncertain;
they are liable to be interrupted for many
months while the British fleet is there
From these and maDy other causes, the cry
of hard times is, perhaps, not less often vo
ciferated in that than in more civilized
countries. All feel the pressure, and many
are anxiously looking forward for some
more regular and certain mode of procuring
the necessaries of life. At a moderate
computation, there are not less than
10,000,000 of people on than continent,
whose energies may be directed into any
channel that may be proposed to them.
Give a good price for slaves, and they will
wage wars, plunder and kidnap one another
to soppy the demand. Offer them tobacco,
a yard of muslin, a siring of beads, shoes,
hats, hatchets, &c. and they will bring you
gold dust, ivory, gums and hides; or if vou
will creale a demand foreotton, indigo, and
other agricultural productions, they will
cheerfully turn their attention to the culti
tivation of these articles. In Freetown the
natives have been taught to be boose car
penters, blacksmiths, and ship builders, and
they are now engaged in building a stone
Church, that would be gazed at with aston
ishment in the city of New York, in Re
gent’s Town, that boast of Africa, I have
myself witnessed young men making rapid
progress in the Latin and Greek languages,
who, six years before, were wild and naked
savages roaming in the wilderness.
Such is Africa, and such the condition of
its inhabitants. They are waiting and long
ing for employment. Labouring men may
be employed to any extent at tbe lowest
rates. A labourer will woik for a month
for four pounds of tobacco, or for eight
yards of tbe cheapest calico or India mus
lin, or for two pair of shoes, or for two
pints of gunpowder, or for forty eight gun
flints. For a hat he will work two months.
The sale of rum is forbidden in tbe Colony,
but any other articles are given much at
the same rate; and a native labourer may
be kept for the astonishing small sum of
oue-fourth of a cent per day, or less than
one dollar a year. A ton of camwood may
be purchased for 120 pounds of tobacco, a
milch cow for 60 pounds, an ox for 54
pounds, a goat for 5 pounds, and a sheep for
4 pound).
With respect to the expense of transpor
ting emigrants to Africa, very erroneous
opinions are entertained. Tbe emigrants
who accompanied the writer of this in the
Oswego, were transported for less than 45
dollars each, although they went in a small
vessel, which brought back no return cargo.
Were a large ship regularly and constantly
employed in the trade, they could be takea
for one third less, which would reduce the
price to 30 dollars per head, and the last
company of one hundred and five persoos
were actually taken for twenty-six dollars
each. When the colonists shall have be
gun to cultivate large quantities of sugar
cane, coffee, &c. aod when they shall have
extended their internal trade with the na
tives, so as to afford a rich return cargo, it
will take off one half the remaitiicg sum,
and reduce the passage to Africa, to 15 dol
lars per head.
Very erroneous ideas are entertained
respecting the insalubrity of the climate.
More than three hundred persons have
been sent out to Liberia. Os these some
have returned to this country, some have
gone to other places, some have died, and
two hundred and forty now remain in the
colony, all of whom have passed through
the sickoess to which they are exposed on
their first airival, and are now seasoned to
the climate. Os the whole number of set
tlers, only 25 have died ; and of these, five
were killed in battle, two were drowned,
one was killed by the fall of a tree, one was
still born, one died of a mortification, and
only fourteen by fever. Os these deaths,
12 were of the passengers of tbe Oswego.
This vessel arrived there under all tbe un
favourable circumstances which can ever
attend any expedition; circumstances which
a small share of prudence might have avoid
ed, and which I trust will never be repeat
ed. We arrived in tbe worst part of the
year, just as the raina had commenced, with
out houses over our heads, without suitable
food for the sick, without a bottle of wine
fit to be presented to a patient. The new
emigrants were obliged so take shelter in
the few buts then erected, and to share
them with tboae already there. At night
their bed* and mats were spread over the
floor of the hot, and were deluged with
rain three or four times every tweoty four
hours. The beds of some of the sick were
never dry from Ihe time they were taken
ill until they died. Had it not been for tbe
benevolence of a British Captain, who cal
led and made me a present of six dozen of
porter, many more of us must inevitably
have paid the debt of oature. To add to
all our other difficulties, myself being the
only physician in the colony, I soon sunk
under the pressure of toil and anxiety, aid
the sick had uo medical attendance. Under
such circumstances, what expedition of o>tr
comers, in a tropical climate, or in any cli
mate, have ever fared better than we did i
Many certainly have fared much worse.
Look at the first settlements of Virginia
Ihe Plymouth colony, New Holland or Sil
erra Leoae. Hare any af theca been get 4