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Agriculture.
Farm and Workshop Notes,
ffiiladelpliia li<;u fancier boaata of
[n’s egg that weighs 3i ounces.
G. Reed, of Woodside, Del.,
bh that the peach ctop of Kent
Ity is all right. Strawl erries
Use well, and so do cherries and
it.
inada has become more emphati-
ly a dairy country than the United
Ltes. With a population of 5,000,()(hi
fy manufacture annually 60,000,000
lands of cheese, equal to twelve
funds per capita, while we, with
1,000,000 make 300,000,000, or six
funds per capita. With a popula-
}n not exceeding one-tenth of ours
(eir exports of butter are about one-
ilf as great as ours.
fA good crop of red clover, when cut
hay, removes a large quantity of
trogen from the land, but it never,
pless leaves the surface soil actually
flier in nitrogen than it was befo; e,
im the residue of roots and stubbb'.
}om whence is this large quantity of
trogen obtained? It must be pro-
fed either from the subsoil or the
Fmosphere. Dr. J. B. Lewes thinks
le former seems the most probable,
extended experiments have hitherto
failed to prove that leguminous plants
[like clover h ve any special power of
[obtaining nitrogen from the air.
The eye of a steer, when prominent,
iright and clear, with a mild and
pntle expression, is an indication of
ilth, with a quiet disposition and
Wl feeding quality. If the eye is
il and sunken the capillary circula-
m will be defective and the functions
nutrition imperfectly performed,
there will not only be a deficiency
Fthe ability to fatten but a lack of
Irength and constitutional vigor. A
Istless and wild expression of the eye
ldicates a predominance of nervous
stion and an unquitt disposition that
|\not compatible with good feeding
(ality.
le use of extra foods for milch
Tiecrimination should be used in
frportionment of varying quanta-
to individual animals, according
gir special requirements, their
kg capacity and their condition
, *5. Some cows will pay well
,ral allowance in increased
supplies of milk and require more
liberal diet to make up for the large
drain upon their system, while other
cows do not require and will not pay
for forced keep. Heifers two and three
years old, when milking freely, re
quire some extra food to enable them
to grow in siae, as well as to milk
abundantly. Tor want of this many
kimals which milk freely with their
calves are checked in their growth
never attain their proper size.
Prussia spends two or three million
\ars annually upon the State for-
and Lrms. The farms of the
i mited to practical fanners,
^nd by their leases to take
lture, and to keep
led stocTTTCfflUfc^ngthe breeds
le surrounding commuhity, and
troduce such machinery on trial
' recommended by the agricultural
lister of the crown. No seeds are
Itributed free, except in time of
Jrcity, but railroads have to carry
|e articles for exhiblion at agricultu-
fairs. The highways are lined
|th fruit or other trees, and the
government supervision of jprests is
btrict.
In Cheddar cheese-making in Eng-
ind acidity is systematically devol
ved in the curd wnen the whey has
been removed from it by keeping the
curd warm and piled up in heaps. In
other systems it has been more or less
unconsciously employed as in the
^Cheshire, by warming the curd in an
jn ; in the Derby, by leaving the
fwly-formed cheese unsalted for a
or so, or in some cases by leaving
cd of one day to mix with
and in the Stilton by
drain slowly,with-
[time. By a judi-
' acidity, Eugli^
|to secure a
[and one^V&ose
Ldevel^^
!d con-
Feserving
it of the
of March
T Samuel Timberlake,
fe., took from his cellar a
115 barrels of Baldwins,
[g about two bushels of rotten
Jeokled apples, llis cellar is very
aud contains many barrels
[which, we think, assists
|ig the fruit. Mr. Timberlake!
full looked after the g
(he ft 11. D. P.
of Leeds, also had a very nice lot of
Baldwins, which were kept in a simi
lar cellar. We think if the farmers
would get more water into their cel
lars aud keep them damp their apples
would keep much better.”
The fine herd of Holsteins owned
by William A. Russell, of North And
over, Mass,, are good milkers. Haifa
dozen of his cow T s have averaged for
months a daily milk yield of nearly
forty pounds each. These cows are fed
high; but great yields cannot be ex
pected without a liberal supply of the
material of which milk is made. But
few cows have the capacitj 7 and
strength of constitution of tne Hol-
steins to bear heavy feeding. Their
winter feed lias been eight quarts
cob meal, one-third bushel roots
and such hay, corn-fodder and ensi
lage as they would eat, being fed at
about seven o’clock in the morning
and again at three o’clock in the after
noon. The animals were watered
twice a day after feeding. Summer
feed included three quarts of meal in
addition to pasture, and after July 1st,
a feed of hay or green corn fodder
morning and night. Cows giving a
heavy flow of milk are milked ihree
times a day.
Professor S. W. Johnson, Director
of the Connecticut Experiment Sta
tion, says : ‘‘It is, I scarcely doubt,
equally true that ensilage is no more
palatable, no more digestible, and no
more nutritious than than the fresh
corn from which it is produced. The
rumor now floating in the air that
ensilage is worth more, nay, much
more, than the fresh corn-fodder has
nothing solid to rest on. Fodder is
on all hands conceded to lose nothing
in the silo that can effect a concentra
tion of ita nutritive matters. The
analyses of Barral, which GofFari
quotes in his hook, give both for fresh
maize and for ensilage 80 per cent, of
water. The main advantage of the silo
plainly is to magazine green fodder.
Whether in our climate the silo or the
stook and shed are best experience
must decide. Whether successful en
silage is more palatable or more cheap
than well-cured corn fodder experi
ence must likewise settle. That ensi
lage, once provided, may be a valuable
accessory to dry feed is fairly to be
anticipated, but evidently the enthu
siasts are overrating it.”
chances. Blackburn was like Monar
chist— he could never be got to extend
himself unless the jockey wore his
colors. In his work it was next to
impossible to get him into a canter; in
a race he nearly pulled the jockey’s
arms out, so eager was he to run aw:iy
from his field. Hindoo is the very op-
posite. He has no will of his own, but
does just what is asked of him, no
matter how much, but no more.
Charley Gorham, another inmate of
the Dwyer stable, is so attached to
his home and companions that lie
could not be taken away from it, an
he and Warfield are the thickest of
friends. At Saratogo two years ago
he was sold, but he soon forced his
way out of his new quarters, and in
the morning he was found at his own
stable, waiting to be admitted into the
stall adjoining Warfield’s. He lias
his own pail for water and will not
use any other.
Dates Worth Remembering.
About Bees.
Cotswold Sheep.
A Kentucky farmer gives the follow
ing advice about sheep: The common
sheep of the country pay only a very
small profit, while good high grade
Cotswold yield a good revenue—a large
interest on the investment. Let me
illustrate the difference, so that it will
impress Itself on the minda of those
who are not using high grade or thor
oughbred stock. An average farm in
this section should keep one hundred
sheep yearly, for our average farmer
is not progressive, and believes in go
ing slow. He buys the common stock
of the country—100 head at $3 each,
and a grade ram for $6. With ordi
nary good luck he clips 400 pounds of
wool and sells the 400 pounds at 25
cents, amounting to $100; raises 75
lambs, worth $3 each, making $225, to
which add thr-aagjue of old ewes, $275,
and we have a total of $600. Deduct
the cost of keeping the sheep one
year, $250, to which add the cost of
ewes, $300, and deduct 6 per cent, for
loss, $15, making a total of$565, which
leaves a profit of $35, not estimating
the value of the manure, If the same
farmer buys 100 grade ewes at $650,
estimating the keep of same for one
year at $280, allowing_5 per cent, loss,
$30, total, $960; per contra, the ewes
are worth $600, wool ten pounds aver
age, or 100 pounds, at $350; seventy-
five lambs at $5 each, $375, ora total
of $1225, showing a net profit of $265
and the manure besides.
Peculiarities of Some Noted Horses.
It is not necessary that an ordinary
sized colony of bees should occupy
the entire brood apartment of the
hives. Indeed it is much preferable
that they be confined on as few combs
as they will well cover. So loisg as
the queen has room to lay there is no
danger from over-crowding, care
being taken that they do not run
short of stores. With the reduced
space to occupy they can much better
keep up the requisite heat for neces
sary brood rearing. After the combs
which they occupy become well-filled
with brood more room should be given
them by spreading the brood and in
serting an empty comb in the centre
of the brood nest. If on examination,
the centre combs are found quite full,
while those on the side yet contain
room it is better to change position of
the combs without adding more until
all the comb in the hive is filled very
close up to the top car. Just here we
wish to caution you about spreading
the brood too fast. So long as the
queen has room in which to lay they
do not require auv more room. Brood
rearing proceeds very slowly in the
early part of the season, and it takes
them quite a while to fill the first four
or five combs which they occupy witli
brood, and the cluster increases very
slowly, the old bees dying ofFquite as
fdst as the young ones increase. Con
fining the bees to a few combs necessi
tates the use of a division board, and
they should be kept covered up as
warm as possible to assist them in
retaining the necessary heat. It is
very essential that all colonies be
made good good and strong by the
time the honey harvest begins, • nd tc
do this it is necessary that operations
be commenced five or six.weeks before
that time. The first thing to be done
is to give all colonies a thorough ex
amination, ascertain the condition of
the colony aud the amount of stores
on hand, remembering that as soon as
brood rearing commences the stores
will be consumed very rapidly, a ;d
unless they have plenty provision
must be made to supply their needs,
and when feeding is once commenced
it must be continued uutil such time
as they can gather a sufficiency to keep
ttffem going.
The eccentricities of thoroughbred
race-horses are as peculiar as those of
human beings. Springbok was a per
fect savage, and would allow no one
in his stall save his regular boy, to
rhom he was as much attached as he
abhorred outside company. Check
mate is very fond of company, and
likes to be made much of. He takes
caresses with the sheepish manner of
an overgrown boy, glad to have them,
hut ashawd to be petted. Panje is a
bit of a kl]
for liau
protrudi
He deligl 1
who visl
their olo;
tomaniao. Heh
rchiefs which
[from gentleme
too, in robhin
m—for he lias’
or other wra
Bassett hated barefooted stable boys
so much that lie would make every ef-
to bite their legs. Constautina
fancy
sees
ckets.
ladies
ny—of
Harry
1110—Glass windows first used for light.
1236—Chimneys first put to houses.
1252—Lead pipes for carrying water.
1590—Tallow caudles for light.
1297—Spectacles Invented by an Italian.
1382—Paper first made from linen.
1634— Woolen cloth first made In England.
1440—Art ol painting in oil.
1449 —Art of printing from movable type.
1488—Watches first made In Germany.
1516—Pine first used In England.
1550—Variations of the compass first noticed.
1603-Theatre erected in £tgland by Sbaks-
peare.
1610—Thermometer Invented by Sanctorfous.
1590—Telescopes invented by Portlu and Jan
sen.
1690—Jupiter’s satellites discovered by Jan
sen.
1701—Tea brought to Europe from China.
1540—Circulation of blood discovered by Har
vey.
1625— Bricks first made ol any required si*o.
1626— Printing in colors Invented.
1627— Newspapers first established.
1650—Shoe buckles first made.
1630—Wine first made of grapes In England.
16j0—Pendulum clocks Invented.
1641—Sugar cane cultivated In the West
Indies.
1646—Air guns Invented.
1640—Steam engines invented.
1650—Bread first made with yeast.
1662—Fire engines invented.
1750—Steam engines improved by Watt.
1759—Cotton first planted in the United
States.
1685—Stereotyping invented in Scotland.
1788—Animal magnetism discovered by Mes-
mel.
1832—The telegraph Invented by Morse.
188J—Telephone invented by Bell
Cesspool Fever.
The nuts were first used in the south
by the*negro cooks who came from
Africa and San Domingo. Old Phila
delphians will remember with satis
faction the San Domingo ground-nut
cakes which were sold at the street
corners by negro vendors, and travel
ers in the South before the war times
may recall the pea-nut soup of some
ebony colored culinary expert. Many
a castor bottle is filled with pea-nut oil
without its owner knowing it, and
ground pea-nuts, we are assured, enter
into the composition of some excellent
European chocolates
Sir Godfrey Kneller’s Dream.
A Golden Deed.
It was during the wars that raged
from 1652 to 1660, between Federick III.
of Denmark and Charles Gustavus of
Sweden, that, after a battle in which
the victory had remained with the
Danes, a stout burgher of Flensborg
was about to refresh himself, ere re
tiring to have his wounds dressed,
with a draught of beer trom a wooden
bottle, when an imploring cry from a
wounded Swede, lying oh the field,
made him turn, aud, with the very
words of Sydney, “Thy need is greater
than mine.” he knelt down by the
fallen enemy to pour the liquor into
his mouth. His requital was a pistol-
shot in the shoulder from the treacher
ous Swede.
“Rascal!” he cried. “I would have
befriended you, and you would mur
der me in return. Now will I punish
you. I would have given you the
whole bottle ; but now you shall have
only half.”
And drinking ofF half himself, he
gave the rest to the Swede. The king,
hearing the story, sent for the burgher
and asked him how he came to spare
the life of such a rascal.
“Sire,” said the honest burgher, “I
could never kill a wounded enemy.”
“T^m meritest to be a noble,” the
king said, and created him one im
mediately, giving him as armorial
bearings a wooden bottle pierced with
arrow! The family only lately be-
e extinct in th^ person
idea lady.
This is the fever that wrought so
much mischief in one of the Washing
ton hotels a few years aeo. It is said
by good medical authorities to be fatal
to many persons every year in New
York. The fever is not severe. There
is but little headaches and no pain or
tenderness in the abdomen, as in the
case of typhoid fever. Still the tongue
is covered with a white fur, and the
appetite is bad. . Its chief characteris
tics is diarrhea, acute in some cases
but more generally chronic, and last
ing months or even years. The pa
tient dies of simple exhaustion.
The disease is lound wherever the
contents of cesspools and outhousesfind
their way into the drinking water, or
their emanations into the air of sleep
ing rooms. It is quite apt to prevail
at the summer health resorts, the ig-
norauoe of proprietors more than neu
tralizing the abundaut hygienic pro
visions of nature.
Oases occur even among the White
Mountains and at the most famous
watering-places. At Martha’s Vine
yard last year a friend stopped at one
of the most acceptable houses on the
island. He states that two of the
guests were seized with summer sick
ness soon after their arrival. It was
found on examination that the privy
and well were only twenty feet apart,
and the well was quite a deep one.
The contaminated water was probably
the cause of the sickness.
The son of a physician was taken
with the disease in virulent form at a
boarding school, and died on the third
day after his father was summoned.
The young man’s room was large and
high, aud everything about it seemed
favorable to health. But it was found
that one of the windows opened into a
vestibule of a water closet, used by
from seventy to one hundred persons,
its only ventilation being through a
pipe about six inches in diameter,
which emptied into the chimney of
the young man’s rdom. He was un
doubtedly poisoned and killed by the
foul air.
Sir Godfrey Kneller, the celebrated
English painter, once related to Mr
Pope a dream. “A night or two ago,”
said Sir Godfrey, “I had a very odd
sort of dream. I dreamt that I was
dead, and soon after found myself
walking up a narrow path that led up
between two hills, rising pretty equally
on each side of it. Before me I saw a
door, and a great number of people
about it. I walked on toward them.
As I drew near I could distinguish St.
Peter witli his Keys, with some other*
of the Apostles; they were admitting
the people as they came next the door.
When I had joiaed the company I
could see several seats, every way at a
little distance within the door. As the
first, after my coming up, approached
for admittance, St. Peter asked his
name, and then his religion. ‘I am a
Roman Catholic,’ replied the spirit.
‘Go in then,’ says St. Peter, ‘and sit
down there on those seats on the right
hand.’ The next was a Presbyterian;
he was admitted too, after the usual
questions', and ordered to sit down on
the seats opposite to the other.
“My turn came next, and as I
approached, St. Peter very civilly
asked me my name. I said it was
Kneller. I had no sooner said so than
St. Luke, who was standing just by,
turned toward me and said, with a
great deal of sweetness, ‘What! the
famous Sir Godfrey Kneller, from
England?’ ‘The same, sir,’ sa3 r s 1, ‘at
your service.’ On this St. Luke im
mediately drew near to me, embraced
me, and made me a great many com
pliments on the art we had both of us
followed in this world. He entered so
far into the subject that he seemed al
most to have forgot the business for
which I camo thither. At last however
he recollected himself and Haid,‘I beg
your pardon, Sir Godfrey; I was so
taken up with the pleasure of convers
ing with you ! But, apropos, pray, sir,
what religion may you be of?’ ‘Why,
truly, sir,’ says I,‘ I am of no religion.’
‘Oh, sir,’ says he, ‘you will be so good,
then, as to go in aud take your seat
where you please! ’ ”
The
Home Pea-nut Crop and
its Uses.
Twenty or thirty years ago our pea
nuts came chiefly from Africa, where
they are largely used as food, and one
house could handle them ; now there
are a dozen or more wholesale traders
dealing chiefly in American nuts, aud
the bulk of the African product goes to
France, whence the oil is exported a*
“pure olive.” The East Indian crop
is divided between France aud Eng
land. The African nuts and those
grown in the Carolinas from African
seed are smaller and of poorer flavor
than the Virginia nuts. To realize the
value of the American pea-nut crop,
it must he remembered that in addi
tion to the business done in the nut*
in the first instance, amounting last
year to over $3,000,000; large quanti
ties of the expressed oil are handled
by wholesale druggists, the cake is
used for cattle food, and even the
shells are utilized as horse bedding.
The yield of oil from the nuts is from
40 to 50 per cent.; as it keeps sweet
a long time and has a delicate flavor.
It is a good substitute for both al
mond and olive oil; it is an excellent
and also burns with a dear,
little smoke.
Choice.
When death consents to let us live
a long time, it takes successively as
hostages all those we have loved.
Great men like great cities have
many dark alleys and pitfalls in their
hearts and to know them is safety.
To an Oriole.
How tails it, Oriole, thou hast come to fly
In tropic splendor through our northern dry?
At some glad momeut, was It nature’s choice
To dower a scrap of sunset with a voice?
Or did some orange tulip, flaked with black,
In some forgotten garden, ages back,
Y earning toward heaven until its wish wa*
heard,
Desire unspeakably to be a bird ?
If you would be known and not
know, live in a village ; if you would
know and not be known, live in a
city.
It is man’s belief that when woman
was made jewels were invented only to
make her the more mischievous.
Good Night.
Good nlgbt—the little lips touch ours,
The little arms enfold us;
And oh, that thus through coming years
They might forever hold us.
Good night 1 we answer back and smile,
And kiss the drooping eyes ;
But in our trembling hearts the while
The wistful queries rise.
Who, in the weary yoars to come,
When we are hid from sight,
Will clasp these little hands and kiss
These little lips "Good ulght 1”
Adversity has the effect of eliciting
talents whioh is prosperous eircum-
stauces, would have lain dormant.
Many people wish they might live
their lives over again ; in nine case
out of ten they would only repeat them.*
True bravery is shown by perform
ing without witness what one might
be capable of doing before all the
world. a
There arfl
how to
hence b<j
pie.
\