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The Flux of Nations. At the way at which immigrant are pouring into the Atlautic ports, there will he added to our foreign pop ulation this year between 900,000 and 1,000,000 human beings. Never was the immigrant depot at New York so full. The Germans are coming in greater numbers than ever before, and lately Italy has been adding to the tides of humanity which are streaming abrosB the Atlantic Ocean. Nearly all the immigrants who intend to pursue farming as a calling leave New York for Chicago, at which point they are reinforced by another stream which comes by the St. Lawrence, the lakes and the Grand Trunk Railway. Such vast movements in population have not been witnessed since the incur sions of the barbarians into Europe, when the Roman Empire was in its decline. Those migrations were neces sarily slow, as the armies had to con quer each country they came to before the lands could be settled. But the transplanting of nearly one million people in one year from Europe to America could only be accomplished in an age of steam and telegraphs. These invaders do not come with the battle-ax and spear, they are armed instead with the implements of indus try, and are adding to our material wealth and' national greatness. Let them come. Certain evils will develop themselves in connection with this vast increase of our foreign population and it will be another strain upon our republican institutions. Many of these immigrants are illiterate, ignorant and a certain proportion criminal. But, after all, they belong to our own race, and the great majority are honest hardworking people. Their coming will add to the value of our lauds and will increase the material wealth of the country. The Crops. Those who wish to see higher prices for all consumable commodities aie very anxious for great crops of grain this fall. With the great immigration- and the business activity, all that is needed is a surplus of grain and cotton to export to see a revival of the prosp er ous times of ’79, ’80 and the s| ring of ’81, But, timid aud conserative people are not so sure about the future. It is argued that in prosperous times peo ple do not go farming. They throng to the cities, to the manufacturing dis tricts, and become consumers of food, during the hard times, from ’73 to ’78, an average of 8,000,000 acres per an num of new land was put into grain. But since ’79 the increased acreage has been but little over 2,000,000 acres per annum. So far the preient year, it is settled, there will bs less land put into wheat in Minnesota, Illinois, Ohio and other States than was the case last year. It is true there is a much greater acreage in Texas, Missouri, Dakota, Oregon and California; but it is doubtful if on the whole there will be a s large an acreage in ’82 as there was in '81, while the home consumption would be much greater, due to the in crease of consumers in cities and man ufacturing districts. Then, it is feared that as good orops are continuous year after year, bad crops may also succeed one another for several seasons. The country was phenomenally prosperous three for years preceding the death of President Garfield. Perhaps the pen dulum is about to swing in the other direction. The Ocean Depths, The Challengerou its voyage studied the sea bottom. It appears that on the surface, and at every successive depth below, there is life ; as the crea tures die, their remains fall to the bot tom, where they are the appointed food of other creatures. At a depth of Iseveral miles the Challenger found rodbrought np a creature seven feet lign. ^Many of the creatures at these depths fre more or less phosphorescent. Wa- jr is the chief ingredient of life. It is re food, the blood and the strength of use poor creatures—fur more than [he comparatively weak constituents | our own physical frames. It is wa- alone Inside that can withstand the [essure of two and a half tons to the rare inch, a pressure that will crush [sams of pine wood us if they were ■ised through rollers; but that has fleet on sponges, mollusks, and lighter creatures that almost dis- iu the air aud sunshine. iford Coyler has been Areated at japolis for manufacA’iug and Lountur/eit 5-cent «kel coi Extracts from Emerson. A Column of Shining Stonea Picked Out from his Irregular Masonry. We owe to man higher success than food and fire. We owe to man man. — [Domestic Life. We prize books, and they prize them most who are themselves wise. — [Quotation and Originality. Nature is a rag-merchant, who woiks up every shred, aud ort, and end into new creations.—[Beauty. But the people are to ba taken in very small doses. If Bolitude is proud, so is society vulgar.—[Society and Solitude. One of those conceited prigs who value Nature only as it feeds and ex hibits them is equally a pest with the roisterers.—[Clubs. Poetry is the only verity—the ex pression of u sound mind speaking after the ideal, and not after the appa rent.—[Poetry and Imagination. Wherever there is power there is age. Don’t be deceived by dimples and curls. 1 tell you that babe is a thousand years old.—[Old Age. The true test of civilization ia not the census, nor the size of cities, nor the crops—no, but the kind of man the country turns out.—[Civilization. The man that works at home helps society at large with somewhat more of certainty than be who devotes him self to charities.—[Farming. Every naan is not so much a work man in the world as he is a suggestion of that he should be. Men walk as prophecies of the next age.—[Circles. Go thou to thy learned ta*k, I stay with the flowers of Spring; I)o thou of the age* ask What me the hours will bring. —Botanist. Nature is upheld by antagonism. Passions, resistance, danger, are edu cators. We acquire the strength we have overcome.—[Considerations by the Way. Every genuine work of Art has as much reason for being as the earth and the sun. The gayest cnarm of beauty has a root in the constitution of things.—[Art. His tongue was framed to music. Aud his hand was armed with skill; His face was the mold of beauty; And his heart was the throne of will. —Power. No way has been found for making heroism easy, even for the scholar. Labor, iron labor, is for him. The world was created as an audience for him ; the atoms of which it is made are opportunities.—[Greatness. Can thy style-discerning pye Tha hidden-working Builder spy, Who builds, yet makes no chips, no din, With hammer soft as snowflake’s light? —[Monadnook’ The less government we have the better—the fewer laws and the lees confided power. The antidote to this abuse of formal government is the in fluence of private character, the growth of the individual.—[Politics. The high prize of life, the crowning fortune of a man, is to be born to some pursuit which finds him iu employ ment and happiness—whether it be to make baskets, or broadswords, or canals, or statutes, or songs.—[Con siderations by the Way. And ye shall succor men ; ’Tls nobleneis to si) ve ; Help Ihem who oannot help agala; Beware from right to swerve. —Boston Htuh. Life is a succession of lessons which must be lived to be under»tood. All is riddle, and the key to a riddle is another riddle. There are as many pillows of illusion as flakes in a snow storm. We wake from one dream into another dream.—[Illusions. It never was in the power of any man or any community to call the arts into being. They come to serve his actual wants, never to please his fancy. These arts have thGir origin always in some enthusiasm—as love, patriotism, or religion.—[Art. The world rolls round, mistrust It not— Befalls again what ouce befell; All things return, both sphere and mote, Aud 1 shall hear my bluebird's note And dream the dream ol Au* urn dell. -May-Day. vance is our legislation. The mau whose part is taken, and who does not wait for society in anything, has a power which society cannot choose but ^eel.—[New England Reformers. An Alphabet of Maxims from Longfellow’s Poems. Act, act la the living present. -[Psalm of Life. Better be dead and forgotten than living in shame and dishonor, — [Courtship of Miles Standish. Challenge the passing hour like guards that keep Their solitary watch on tower and steep. —[ To-morrow. Did we but use It as we ought, This world would school eaoh wandering thought To Its high state. —[Coplas de Manrlque. Each thing In Its place Is best. - [ The Builders. From labor there shall come forth reRt, -[To a Child. Glass is the world’s luok and pride. — [Luck of Edenhall. Heave u is as near by water as by land. —[Sir Humphrey Gilbert. Into each life some rain must fall. Some days must be dark and dreary. —[ The Rainy Day. Joy and temperance and repose Siam the door en the doctor’s nose. — [Poetici Aphorisms. Know how sublime a thing It Is, To suffer and be strong, — [The Light of the Stars. Lovest thou God as thou oughteat, Then lovest thou likewise thy brethren. —[Cbildren ol the Lord’s Supper. Man’s unjust, but God isjust. — [Evangeline. Nothing that Is can pause or stay. —[Keramos. Our to-days and yesterdays Are tne clocks witn which we build. - [The Builders. Pride goeth forth on horseback grand and gay, But cometb back on foot and begs Its way. —[The Bell ot Atrl. Quite overlooking yourself and the rest in exalting your hero. —[Courtship of Miles Standish. Relentless sweeps the stroke of fate. The strongest fall. „ — [Coplas de Manrlque. Bleep, sleep, to-day, tormenting cares Ol earth and folly born. —[Gleam of Sunshine. Think ol thy brother no ill, But throw a vie! over his fallings. — [The Children of the Lord's Supper. Use no violence, nor do in haste What cannot be undone. —[ the Spanish Student. Visions of childhood, slay, O stay! Ye were so sweet and wild. - [Voloe# of the Night. What seems to ur but sad funereal tapers, May be Heaven’s distant lamp*. —[Resignation. 'Xcelleth all the rest, He who followeth love's behest. —[The Building of the Ship. Youth is lovely, age is lonely. —[ Hiawatha. Zeal is stronger than fear or love. —{Tales ol a Wayside Inn. Our life is an apprenticeship to the truth that around every circle another can be drawn ; that there is no end in nature, but every end is a beginning; that there Is always another dawn risen on midnoon, and under every deep a lower deep opens.— [Circles. And not to-day and uot to-morrow Can drain Us wealth of hope aud sorrow; Rut day by day to lovlug ear Unlocks new sense and Infiler cheer. —Maiden Speech or the ASolian Harp. It only needs that a Ju9t roan should walk in our streets to make it appear how pitiful and inartificial a contri The School Age. Dr. Jacoby has made this a special study from the standpoint of physiolo gy. His col elusion is that, as a rule, a child should not be sent to school before he is eight years old. Not till this age is its brain substance suffi ciently developed. An infant’s brain is soft. It contains a large percentage of water. It is deficient in fat and phosphorous, on which to a large ex tent, intellectual activity depends. The convolutions are fewer. The different parts of the brain do not grow in size and weight alike, the normal proportion of the front, back, and lateral portions not being reached betore the age of ten. So, too, the pro portions of the chest to the lower p6r- tions of the body are not attained, until the 8 th year, while that part of the back (the lumbar), on which the sit ting posture depends, is even then only moderately developed. About the fifth and sixth years the base of the br*in grow rapidly, the frontal bones extend forward aud up ward, and the anterior portions grows considerably. Still, the white sub stance—the grey 1b the basis of intelli gence—aud the large ganglia prepon derate. It is not till about the eight year that the due proportion of parts is reached and a certain consolidation, both of the brain and the organs of the body generally. Before this period, it is safe only to give the memory mod erate exercise. Fioobel, the founder of the Kinder garten system, reached the tame re sult, by observation. Jacoby recom mends that the children be enter tained and gradually developed in the Kindergarten. Here, lie says, their activity is regulated, their attention exercised, and their muscles invigora ted, Both imagination and memory are taxed, a slight degree only. With increating years, the grey substance becoming more and more developed, their thinking powers are graiAally evolved. The secret of a thorough education lies in the uniform develop ment of all powers. To develope one at the expense ol the others is to erip pie all. A Morganatic Spouse. Princess Dtlgourouki, who ia nOw staying at the Hotel de Londres, as the Countess Sawicska, with her chil dren, Prince Geerge, aged ten, and the Princesses Olga and Catherine, seven and three years old respectively, has just been “interviewed” by a wri ter in the F.venement regarding her reported expulsion from Russia by the Czar The following conversation is said to have taken place: “It has been asserted,” said the Princess, “that there used to be serious dissensions be tween the Emperor Alexander III. and myself. It has been even added that I had been exiled at the order of General Ignatietf, the Minister of the Interior. General IgnatitfF, it is true, never had any kindly feeling for me, but that has never been the case with the present Czar, who wrote me a letter a few days before my departure from St. Petersburg asking me not to leave Russia.” Hereupon the Prin- ctss, remarking that she had nothing to conceal, requtsted her laiy-com- panion to read aloud lhe letter in question, in which the Czar wound up by saying he could never forget the Princess had been “his poor father’s wife,” aud that as such “his palace would be ever open to her.” After the latter had been read the Princess continued: “You can see how erroneous have been the mali cious statements regarding the Czar’s sentiments toward me. It is General IgnatiefF, the victem of whose anger I have been for more than a year, who has been disseminating the statement that I was at the head of a party intent upon producing a revolution to phw e my little son on the tnrone. You yourself must feel how absurd these stories are. Even if I had ever had any such idea, my boy ceuld not possibly ever ascend the throne. The truth, besides, is that I refused to be crowned, during my hm band’s life time, so as to be perfectly free regard ing the country I lore so much. In Russia, moreover, the law on the point is strictly laid down. I have never been anything but the morganatic wife of Alexander II., and neither I nor my children therefore can ever sit on the throne.” At this point the Priu cess’ explanations were interrupted by the arrival of the Grand Duke Con stantine, who warmly embraced the children. The interviewer was about to retire when his hostess stopped him with the remark that she wished to add that the report that she had hung out a black flag on the anniversary of the late Czar’s death was entirely false. “At the time in question I was in the Czar’s palace at Gatschina,” she continued. “The present Czs*r strongly urged me not to leave Russia or visit Paris, where, he was sure, all sorts of rumors would be made current about me. I think of staying here another fortnight, and sh ill then go on to Switzerland.” Princess Doigou- rouki, we may add, is described as a very pietty woman of thirty-three, fair, and very graceful in her figure and movements. straight nose, not dumpy his lips, though thick, are not so tSj as are usually found on negroes, has a beard on his Chin and a slij mustache. His eyes have an urn look, and we all noticed a tir<i pressed air about him. We had a long conversation him, and, although he did not ev." much, if any, interest in it, he ttj wered all our questions, and askec leadily enough. ’When asked hoj liked the prospect of going to land, he said he should be very to go, and then he should see Queen and her officers, and ask th^ to let him go back to Zu’.uland. expected to see many wonders in El land. He had already seen mj wonders than th9 heart of a bill man could conceive. His ideas England are, of course, rather vaguj and as he cannot count further, think, than 100, Mr. SamuelsoD, convey to him an idea of the size oil London, told him that one town haf in it about twice the number of peopj there were in South Africa. Upc nearing this he whistled in quite | Euiopean fashion two or three time Mr. T was introduced as a-, erq neer—as one who makes engine Cetywayo asked him liow he firfj thought of them in his heart. Mj T tried to explain to him tbeorijj of steam engines, adverting to story of the tea-kettle andthr^J of Watt. Then we passed ol? other reom, where we sa^ some? v royal household, the female attendtl of the King, who were brought w| him from Zululand. They were sitting down sewing when we wel in, and had spread out before thq rush spoons, brad necklaces which they offered for sale at the.! form price of three shillings, and tl would only take it in shillings, of them, the last but one in the lil stood up. She is very tall, being ovj six feet, and had her hair dressed inj very curioHa manner, standing strait up, somehow, on the top of her h* The last on the list is ft young gi| sixteen cr seventeen years, not had leoking, and when hi looked very pleasant. B. was smitten with her, and she see muched pleased with his atter When we came out again Cet thanked us for having bougj thiDgs he saw we were takin^L with us, and he talked to me al my leg (it was in splints, having cently been fractured). He asked] if I had taken some medicine would go down to my leg and cuil He said that there once was a ma| Zululaud whose leg was cured missionary doctor in that way. When You are Ready to go, I The Gentlemanly Cetywayo. After a brief stay in this room Mr. Samuelson, the interpreter, came to tell us the King was ready to see I have purposely as yet left out tL. King’s name, as I have been thinking how best to spell It. It is generally spelled Cetywayo, sometimes Ketsch- wayo; but neither of these is at all like it is pronounced. “Tscht-wyo” is the nearest I can get to it. The first syllable is formed by striking the tongue against the upper teeth, ex actly like an English expression of impatience when you have done any thing wrongly, or are scolding any (Tut, tul). We went In through the front door of the house, into a sort of entrance hall, the floor and ceiling of which were polished. The only deco ration was a portrait of the Queen. Cetywayo—I think I had better adopt the conventional way of spelling the name—was seated in a large aimchair. He wore a suit of blue serge, aud had a black velvet smoking cap trimmed with gold on his august head. We all shook hands wilh him and then seated ourselves on the cliaiM that had been placed in a row iu from of him. He ia a huge, powerful-looking, Btrong^built man. Ilis head seems a littlesmall in proporBon to his body ; ^^»ips it is from bwg set on a pair broad slimild^K There nor^^Angly look aliuj^Hhu, and prei^^Bi digng^^^^Auiiers througi^^Ahe intevvt^^^^^^Aftlr. £unjj|^^^Ajthe Intel for Not all have learned the art of ing in an appropriate manner, you are about to depart, ddfco at^ gracefully and politely, antL dalljing. Don’t say, time I was going,” and settH and talk on aimlessly for anothfi minutes. Some people have jusl a tiresome habit. They will ever and stand about in the room in vs attitudes, keeping their hosts^ standing, and then by an effort su^ in igetting as far as the hall, when i thought strikes them. They brigll ip visibly and stand for some mini longer, saying nothing of impo^f but keejflng everybody in ft restless state. After the doer is] the prolonged leavetaking begiflJ|B everybody in general and particui has been invited to flail. Very likf a last thought strikes the depart* visitor, which his friend must risk] cold to hear to the end. What a rellj when the deor is finally closed! TlieJ is no need of being offensively abruj but when you are ready to go—gj Photographing Rowe Mr. R A. Proctor suggests in ICnowl edge that the rowing men of Cm: bridge aud Oxford should invite M Muybridge, who recently succeed In photographingnBhorsf at full g lop, to photogrup^^a similar wd the actiou of a i^MHorsoullel He that gladly do his pkr guaranteed, and he £50 toward an expr^-j^ Proctor thinks thafo graphs were made, Q good rowing style °f* successful oar ma» ^ 0 j , determined. ;ht be persi ieras and so j"^