The true citizen. (Waynesboro, Ga.) 1882-current, August 25, 1882, Image 6
hiaarch steel, ami it is chiefly imported . k ,
as metal from England, Franoe and
Germany, though a small part is mads
here from Spanish ore. We have fuel
and labor enough to produce this al
loy within our borders from the large
manganese deposit in the Southern
S ates which is now largely sent
abroad and returned lo us as ferro
manganese and spiegeleisen.
Latest Modes.
New French dresses are exceedingly
*hortlr: the skirt.
Muslin embroidery is seen upon new
bonnets of Parisian make.
Turkey-red calico dresses for chil
dren, made in Mother Hubbard style,
and trimmed with Medici lace, are
very fashionably worn for morning
'dre'iSf-s at the seashore.
White or sprigged muslin round
hats, shirred into shape over fine mil
liner's feeds, and trimmed with flots
of satin ribbon and cascades of fancy
lace, are worn with light summer
toilets in town and country.
Pointed shoes of velvet, matching in
fchape the laced ones of kid now seen
upon the promenade, have the toes
covered with an embroidery of gold
and silver beads. They are laced over
the instep with gold or silver cords.
Faille is very largely employed this
season, and is usually combined with
other materials in the construction in
stylish costumes. Pompadour satin,
shot silks, moire, silk gauze, or greua-
dine being the fabrics usually selected.
The coquille ruche is formed by sev
eral pleats turned each way, so as to
form a box-pleat in the centre. The
upper and lower edges of this ruche
are sewn together in the centre, caus
ing the other pleats to set out in a fan
or shell shape, as the name coquille
denotes.
Many summer bonnets, following
the style of the “Langtry” bonnet,
lave the crowns completely covtred
with broad loops of satin ribbon. One
pretty gypsy bonnet in this fashion is
made of white cactus-lace straw, the
brim being covered with a passemen
terie of white pearl beads. The crown
is covered with broad, flat loops of
cream-white satin ribbon. Inside the
bonnet is faced with pale lilac surah,
and the strings, which tie at the left
side, are of white satin lined with
lilac.
Many of the new gimps, olives, cor-
delieres, and frogs, now stylishly
worn in the place of buttons to close
the dress in front, have chenille intro
duced into them with pleasing effect.
Some of these have oords of two or
three contrasting shades of color, and
thus furnish a very tasteful and ele
gant accessory to a plain dress of neu
tral tint, requiring no additional
coloring to light it up. The latest
hand-made fourrageres and passemen
terie loops very much resemble rich
-embroidery when laid over velvet,
satin or cloth.
Among tne innovations of modern
fashion, one of the oldest is the wear
ing of velvet throughout the summer.
There is this season an infinite variety
Mof velvets—plain, openwork, plaided,
striped, beaded, moired, flowered and
a number of novel devices in dark
Oriental colorings. Tue plain black
Lyons velvet is, however, the most
favored. The new English brand of
velveteen, known as the “Louis” silk
face pile, is finding a very large sale in
America, as it is much used for under
skirts and for children’s dresses.
For fashionable watering-place wear
are very stylish and attractive dresses
of French lawn in floral patterns of
fade tints draped over skirts of watered
silk of pronounced colors, such as
laurel-green, Garou bier-red, mauve,
sea-green and ciel-blue. For seaside
wear Carou bier-red surah dresses,
draped with paniers and tournure of
Mack Spanish lace, are exceedingly
fashionable. Sevres-blue is also very
popular. The combination of lilac
and pale rose is still fashionable, but
one cf these two colors must be most
carefully employed merely as a relief
to the other in the trimmings and
various adjuncts of the toilet.
Canadian Stamps for Canada.
And now comes the season for travel
when ssores of American wives and
daughters have carefully provided
themselves with stamps and postal
cards at New York, Boston and Phila
delphia, drop a line to “dear papa” as
they pass through Toronto, Montreal
or other Canadian towns. And the
letters go to the Dead Letter Office,
-because American stamps don’t much
nelp our postal revenue. vVhen they
reach the Dead Letter Office they are
neatly always found to be merely
signed “Emmy” or “Maggie” or
'“Seraphina,” and of course never
reach their destination and “dear
papa” is left to wonder at the heart
less negligence of his patriotic be
longings.
The Church of Eugland schools
educate at the present moment 1,600,-
000 children, while all the boa&i and
denominational schools together have
in them only about 1,857,000.
Matters ot Interest.
Sixteen hundred American revol
vers were recenlly ordered for the
South Australian police forces.
All solid bodies become self-lumi
nous at about the same temperature,
beginning to show a dull light at
about 1000°.
The electrical resistance of pure
water uniformly decreases as the tem
perature rises ; at 19°-c. it is one-third
of what it was at 20°.
The English Naval and Submarine
Engineering Exhibition has proved so
great a success that it has been resolved
to hold another of the same kind in
1884.
Macaroni when colored with aniline
yellow (chrysaniline) will not retain
its tint if treated with dilute sulphuric
acid. If the color Is due to saffron the
acid will not affect it.
The venom of the cobra of India is
comparatively harmless when taken
into the stomach, though when intro
duced into the system it often caut-es
death in two hours.
To remove rust from saws, chisels,
etc., first scour with emery moistened
with sulphuric acid diluted with six
volumes of water, rinse, dry, and fin
ish with oil and emery flour.
The amount of heat radiated from
the sun is so great that if the earth
were a mass of coal and could be sup
plied by contract to the solar furnace
men, the supply would last them just
thirty-six hours.
The coast of Louisiana abounds in
oyster banks, and considerable oyster
traoe has been developed at New Or
leans, giving employment to about 2()0
luggers, each manned by from three
to six men.
The London Builder attributes the
marvellous durability of mortar in
Italy to the fact that the lime remains
in a pit covered with water for two
years before it is used, whereas in
England lime is slaked and used the
same day. Most building spsciflca-
tions even require newly-slaked lime.
Pepsine has proved quite successful
in warding off sea-sickness. As much
pepsine as will lie on the point of a
knife is dissolved in a wineglasstul of
water containing flve drops of hydro
chloric acid. This dose is taken three
times a day, and especially if feelings
of sea-si ckness threaten.
The latest reported improvement in
telegraphy is a mechanical device
whereby a type-writer at one point,
connected by wire with a similar in
strument at another point, writes out
any message sent over it without the
intervention of the usual telegraph
operator. A person who can use a
type-writer can send his own message.
To prepare a reliable paste for use in
prescription books and lables, dissolve
half an ounce of alum in a pint of
boiling wa’er; to this add an equal
weight of flmr, made smooth in a
little cold water, and a few drops of
oil of cloves, letting the whole come to
aboil. This paste will keep for months.
Put it in glass or ordinary ointment
jars.
The Origin of the Sleeping Car.
Mr. W. Barnet Le Van, M. E., of
Philadelphia, says:
“From all accounts, no doubt, Na
poleon I. used, in 1815, the first 'sleep
ing, dining-reom, and parlor car’ that
ever was built. Thia car or chariot,
was taken at Waterloo, and was pre
sented to the Prince Regent of Eng
land, by whom it was afterward sold
to Mr. Bullock for 112,500. It eventu
ally found its way to Madame Tus
Baud’s wax work exhibition, London
where it may still be seen. Thi3
very curious and convenient chariot
of the First Emperor was built by
Bymons, of Brussels, for the Russian
campaign, and is adapted for the va
rious purposes of a pantry and a kit
chen, for it has plaoes for holding and
preparing refreshments, which by the
aid of a lamp, could be heated in the
carriage. It served also for a bedroom,
a dressing-room, office, etc. The seat
is divided into two by a partition about
six inches high. The exterior of this
vehicle is in the form and dimensions
of our large coaches, except that it has
a projection in front of about two feet,
the right-hand half of which is open
to the inside to receive the feet, thus
forming a bed, while the left-hand
half contained a store of various useful
things.
“Beyond the projection in front,and
neater to the horses, was the seat for
the coachman, ingeniously oontrived
so as to prevent the driver from view
ing the interior of the carriage, and
yet so plaoed as to afford those within
a clear sightof the surrounding coun
try. Beneath this seat is a reoeptacle
for a box, about 2$ feet in length and I
4 inches deep, containing a bedstead
of polished steel, which can be fitted
up in a couple of minutes. Over the
front windows is a roller blind of
painted canvas, which, when pulled
out, excluded rain, while it admitted
air. (This might bean advantageous
appendage to our present car windows
as well as carriages.) On the ceiling
of the carriage is a network for carry
ing small traveling requisites, In a
recess there was a secretaire, 10 by 18
inches, which contained nearly a hun
dred articles presented to Napoleon I.
by Marie Louise, under whose care it
was fitted up with every luxury and
convenience that could be imagined.
It contained besides the usual requi
sites for a dressing box, most of which
were of solid gold, a magnificent
breakfast service, with plates, candle
sticks, knives, forks, spoons, a spiiit
lamp for making breakfast in the car
riage, gold case for Napoleon’s gold
wash-hand basin, a number of essence
butties, perfumes, and an almost in
finite variety of minute articles, down
to pins, needles, thread, aud silk.
Each of these articles were fitted into
recesses most ingeniously contrived,
and made in the solid wood, in which
many one within the other, in such a
narrow space that, on seeing them ar
ranged, it appeared impossible for
them ever to be put into so small a
compass. At the bottom of his toilet
box, in divided recesses, were 2,000
gold Napoleons ($7,700); on the top of
it were writing materials, a looking-
glass, combs, etc., a liquor case which
had two bottles, one of Malaga wine,
theolher of rum; a silver sandwich
box, containing a plate,knives, spoons
pepper and salt boxes, mustard pot,
decanter, glasses, etc.; a wardrobe,
writing desk, maps, telescopes, arms,
etc.; a large silver chronometer, by
which the watenes of the army were
regulated ; two merino mattresses, a
green velvet traveling cap, also a dia
mond head dress, (tiara), hat, sword,
uniform, aud an imperial mantle, etc.”
Dogs' Toilets ia Paris.
There are 1869 workpeople, male
and female, who subsist in Paris by
making personal decorations and
habiliments for pet dogs, or otherwise
paying attention to the canine race.
The trade done by them is estimated
at a total of 5.000,000 to 6,000,000 of
francs, or nearly a quarter of a mil
lion sterling, so that it may be easily
guessed how great a commotion is
caused among this section of
society as often as the dog-days
come around and the ii flexible
rules ot the French police as to
muzzling these animals are again put
in force against their owners. The
rage for diessing up canine pets Mas
long prevailed in France to a much
greater extent than on this side of the
Channel, and has assumed extrava
gant proportions. The Figaro gives
some examples < f the most notable
(tushions now to be observed among
the fair owners. Almost every variety
of dog has its own proper toilet,
besides its own special toilet case, can-
taining the brushes, combs, sponges
and other appliances for enabling it to
be washed and dressed. The orna
ments suitable for a “boule-dog”
would be by no means fitting for a
“lulu,” nor does it all follow that
what would be admired on a “caniche”
would be deemed in good taste fora
“griffon.” The latter, which Isa long
haired and curly-haired dog muoh
prized by all French women, is pitied
and despised at this time of year if he
is not close shaven over the body, leav
ing the lion like mane which looks so
particularly ridiculous to the Euglish
eye. Smooth terriers, who cannot be
thus embellished or disfigured, are
often adorned with a little plain gold
bracelet soldered above the forefoot
and surmounted with a monogram;
but it is essential that the leg encircled
with this metal should be the left and
not the right. Rough terriers have,
on the other hand, a collar of bright
metal, having a medallion or clasp
upon it, sometimes with the photo
graph of the owner, or of some particu
lar friend of hers, inclosed. The hi s'
bred “bulls,” again, ought to wear the
collar known as the “offleier,” with a
colored ribbon—red or blue for outdoor
show aud white for the drawing-room.
Every dog having any claims to be
well cared for must wear cothumea or
tall boot when he goes out walking,
and these should be of doeskin, fast
ened with rings of india-rubber.
The greatest benefactor to society *ls
not he who serves it in single acts, but
whose general character is the mani
festation of a higher life and spirit
than prevades the mass.—- Charming.
The Jocose.
At a dinner party, a clumsy footman
spills the contents of a sauce-boat over
the dress of one of the guests. “How
clumsy ! What a pity ! ” says the
lady of the house : “how could you di
such a thing ? As likely as not there
won’t be sauce enough to go round
now!”
The Prince of Wales lately received
a diverting reply from the Mayoress of
a midland county town, who<n he of
fered to escort to the refreshment-
room. “Thank your Highness,” said
the lady, “but I am shampooing a
couple of ladies, and I don’t like to
leave them.”
A poem written by a bluejacket on
a British war ship ran in this fashion :
“There was a bloddy sparrow lived in a
bloody spout. Down came the bloody
rain, and washed the bloody sparrow
out. Then came the bloody sunshine,
and dried up the bloody rain; and
then the bloody sparrow got iuto the
bloody spout again.”
[ am dying, Egypt, dying; or at least I ought
to be.
I wish your biggest pyramid would settle
down on me.
I’m all broke ui —Indeed I am. This business
doesn’t p y;
And now I’m off—I'm going West. Yours,
Ara.bi, ii Bkv.
We can generally trust our fair girl
graduates on any given year to furnish
us with a number of original thoughts
in their commencement essays, but it
is a long time since we have heard of
anything better than the metaphor
originated by a young woman who has
just finished a cour-e at a deservedly
popular seminary, and who spoke in
her “theme” of “the arteries of wealth
which skirt the shores of our great
Republic.
“I’ve got such an appetite!” ex
claimed Mrs. Brown, at the end of her
first week at the shore. “I feel as
though I could eat all before me.”
* Yes, so I perceive,” replied the land
lady. The landlady bad reason to be
sad. Hire was Mrs. Brown fairly
eating her out of house and home, and
growing leaner every day. As the
landlady confidently remarked to the
cook that evening : “What is the use
of feeding her the way I’ve been feed
ing her this whole week, and have her
go away to bring discredit on my es
tablishment? There is that Miss
Squabbins, now, who doesn’t eat
enough to keep arobiu alive, and she’s
as fat as butter. She’s a boarder as is
a boarder, and one that you can take
some pride in.”
Economies of Science.
A foreign exchange states that a
wealthy land owner in the Tyrol has
made an application of the microphone
to the detection of subterranean
springs. He fixed the microphones
at the spots where he supposed water
might exist, each being connected
with its telephone and battery. Then
at night he put his ear to each of tbe
instruments and listened for t.he mur
muring of the waters, and in several
cases heard it.
Wooden bowls and other ware of
this sort, as well as all cross-sections
from tree trunks and short logs cut for
various purposes, are very apt to crack
and split while seasoning. To prevent
this completely the pores of the wood
.should be well filled with linseed or
some other vegetable oxidizing oil,
while it is yet green and be ore it
oegins to show any signs of cracking or
checking. This will completely obvi-
a.!© this inconvenience.
The failure of the Wells comet to
develop the tail expected by astrono
mers is accounted for by the absence of
hydro-carbons from its composition.
According to spectroscopic observa
tions made at the observatory of Lord
Crawford, in Scotland, the nucleus of
the comet is unlike that of any comet
previously examined, its chief element
being sodium, with indications of iron
and chlorine. These elements are
muoh less volatile than the hydro
carbons found iu all other comets.
M. Gardoin’s process for making
carbons for electric lamps is as follows:
Wooden sticks are placed in
plumbago retorts and slowly heated to
drive off the volatile matters. The
sticks are then soaked in acid solutions
to remove impurities, and the final
dessication takes place in a very high
temperature in a reducing atmosphere.
The carbonized wood is then soaked
In the oarbldes of hydrogen and the
chlorides of carbon under pressure un
til its pores are filled with a homoge
neous deposit of nearly pure carbon.
An exohange says that 150,000 tons
of spiegeleisen and ferre-manganese
are used each year in the Uuited
Btates iu making Bessemer aud open-
Fighting the Weak.
Lord Granville’s expression of re
gret in the House of Lords that Eng
land should be compelled to “use force
against the weak,” apropos of the
bombardment of the Egyptian forts, is
a curious illustration of the way in
which a certain kind of cant survives
for indefinite periods the facts to which
it owed its origin. Reluctance to at
tack the weak was a product ot medie
val chivalry, and was cultivated in
the days when fighting was considered
a good thing in itself, and valued
much for its spectacular effects. It
lingers still iu the dueling and boxing
rules, which place the combatants as
fai as possible on terms or strict equal
ity, and it every now and then comes
up in attempts to justify misdirection
of political sympathy, as when during
our rebellion Euglish Tories used to
pretend that they side with the South
because it was the weaker party, and
thought Capt. Winslow acted unfairly
because in tbe fight with the Alabama
he protected his engines and boilers
by hanging his chain cables oyer the
side. But it has no place whatever in
modern political ethics. Nations do
not now fight for fun or to show how
brave they are. They fight to have
their way about something. So far,
too, from regretting that an enemy is
weak when they attack him, they
openly rejoice in it. In fact they try
to weaken him, or wait till they think
he is weak, before they attack him.
Just as it is a fatal fault in a modern
General not to he strongest at the
point of collision with the enemy, it is
a fatal fault in a modern statesman to
go to war unless he has allies, or has
some advantage over the enemy in
numbers, or resources, or armament.
Fiually, it is nearly always the weak
whom modera Powers go to war with.
They seldom attack their match, and
always do so with great reluctance.
Tn fact they consider it barbarous to
do so. Their improved weapons are
nearly always used against communi
ties which do not possess th -m. All
England’s wars since 1815 have been
against the very weak. She keeps
Ireland because Ireland is weak, and
holds India because the Hindoos arc
weak, and bullies Turkey because
Turkey is weak. Weakness among
nations has a touch of immor
ality about it, because national
strength comes from national virtue.
It is the product of industry, order,
forethought, love of country, deter
mination, and persisten :e. It^s these
things which make nations able to
thrash the weak ; it is the absence of
them which prepare the weak for the
thrashing. The fittest survive, even
more surely among nations than
among individuals.
It Will “Out.”
In the reign of Louis XIV. a Certain
yery brillianj. abbe was oue of a large
party who were assembled round the
royal supper-table. There were clever
talkers, sharp dealers in epigram,
skillful handlers of compliment and
repartee. One lady, famous for her
wit, being asked to name the three
sights that gave her the greatest pleas
ure, replied, “A great general on a
war horse, a great preacher on a plat
form, and a great thief on a gallows.”
The abbe added to the mirth of the
evening by telling of the adventures
of a gay and memorable career. “I
remember,” he said, “very well the
first penitent who came to my confes
sional. I was young then, and little
accustomed to hear the secrets of court
life. H was a murderer who told me
the secret of his crime.” The abbe
was pressed to tell the tali or give a
olew to the culprit; but he kept a
guarded and wary silence. Presently
in came one of the king’s most trusty
favorites. “Ah, M. l’Abbe,” he said,
recognizing and old friend; “gentle
men, I was the first penitent whom
the able abbe ever shrived, and I
promise you, when I told him my %
story, he heard what astonished him I”
That night the nobleman was carried
to the Bastile, and the evidence of a
crime, committed thirty years before,
was eompiete, and the culprit detected.