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)cto-
irland,
Tea S 3ott,
'1812; Elijah
Y., 1812; the
Hale, Bridgewater,
foyes, Croydon,England,
Hallenbeek, Burlington,
'lijah Stansbury,Baltimore,
Hiram Ferria, Fon du Lao,
115. In hia youth, and in the
fhen Nantucket was a busy ren-
|iia of the whale tiahermen, Mr.
was a rigger by profession and
ed auch profeasion until he ac
hred the competency which sup-
sorted his declining years. For over
a century he had been the Sicre-
k of his lodge, and the minutes ai
ds care and zeal for the welfare
i brethren. To the very hour of
lease hia intellect was clear, his
singularly bright, and, save
?ght', f he seemed in the posses-
^ever;/ faculty. He was an au-
on all questions relating to the
ler history of the islatd, lived a
i of honest indurtry, and died to the
general regret not only of the crafts
men, but of all who knew him.
V
To Restore the Drowning.
Bales That Shoald be Kept in Mind at This
Season.
The rules that ought to be observed
treating^, person rescued from the
id simple. Dr. H. R.
is of restoring the
?ad or drowned—which
have been approved by the royal medi
cal and chiruvgical society—are prac
tical, easily understood, and are in
accordance with common sense. The
one important point to be aimed at is,
of course, the restoration of breathing
and the efforts to accomplish this
should be persevered in until the ar
rival of medical assistance, or until the
pijdse and breath have ceased for at
/leastV n hour. Cleanse the mouth and
; open the mouth; draw for
ward the patients tongue with a hand
kerchief, and keep it forward ; remove
all tight clothing from about the neck
and chest. As to the patient’s position,
place him on his back on a flat surface,
inclined a little from the feet upwards;
raise and support the head and
shoulders on a small, firm cushion or
/plded article of dress placed under
tfae shoulder-blades, Then grasp the
arms just above the elbow, and
draw the arms gently and steadily
upwards, until they meet above the
head (this is for the purpose of draw
ing air into the lungs) ; and keep the
arms in that position for two seconds.
Then turn down the patient’s arms,
and press them gently and firmly for
two seconds against the sides of the
chest (with the object of pressing air
out of the lungs; pressure on the breast
bone will aid this). Repeat these
measures alternately, deliberately and
perseveriugly, fifteen times in a
minute, uutil a spontaneous effort to
respire is perceived, upon which cease
to imitate the movements of breathing,
and proceed to induce circulation and
warmth. This may be done by wrap
ping the patient in dry blankets and
rubbing the limbs upwards, firmly and
energetically. Promote the warmth
of the body by the application of hot
flannels, bottles of hot water, etc , to
the pit of the stomach, the arm-pits,
and to the soles of the feet. Warm
clothing may generally be obtained
from a bystander. On the restoration
of life, stimulants should be given,
and a disposition to sleep encouraged.
Natural philosophy. — “Wby does
lightning so rarely strike twice in the
ame place?” asked a school teacher
the new boy in the olass of natural
llosophy. “Oh,” said the boy, “be
lt never needs to?”
rusty old bachelor says that
i’s wife was called Eve because
she appeared, man’s day cl
ess was drawing to a close;
Letter from Dr. Johnson.
car Sir—Since my return hitber I
applied myself diligently to the
of my health. My nights grtfw
r at your house, aud have nevei
been bad ; but my breath wa3 very
h obstructed, yet I have at last
it tolerably free. This has not
n done without great eflf arts ; of the
fifty days I have taken mercurial
sic I believe forty, and have lived
h much less animal food than has
my custom of late. From this
ount you may, I think, derive hope
comfort. I am older than you,
disorders had been of very long
continuance, and if it should please
God that this recovery is lasting, you
have reason to expect an abatement ol
all the pains that incumber your life.
Mr. Thrale has ft It a neavy blow. He
was for some time without reason.aud,
I think, without utterance. Heberden
was iu great doubt whether his powers
of mind would ever return. He lias,
however, perfectly recovered all his
faculties and all his vigor. He has a
fontanel in his back. I make little
doubt but that, notwithstanding your
dismal prognostications, you may see
one another again. He purposes this
autumn to spend some time in hunt
ing on the downs of Sussex. I hope
you are diligent to take as much exer
cise as you can bear. I had rather
you rode twice a day than tired your
self in the morning. I take the true
definition of exercise to be labor with
out weariness. When I left you there
hung over you a cloud of discontent
which is, I hope, dispersed. Drive it
away as fast as you cau. Sadness only
multiplies itself. Let us do our duty
and be cheerful. Dear sir, your hum
ble servaDt,
Aug. 3, 1779. Sam Johnson.
To the Rev. Dr. Taylor, at Ashbourne,
Derbyshire.
No Healthy Children.
I said in my address at the Health
Congress at Brighton what was quite
true, that I had never in my life seen
a child so healthy that it had not in it
some actual or latent constitutional
disease Touching the subject now in
hand, it is equally true to say that it is
all but impossible to find in. the board
schools of our large towns any sem
blance, critically viewed, of health.
Constitutional taints, which under
favorable circumstances may often be
concealed, and which may or may not
be apparent, are there. Various con
ditions of disease are there indepen
dently of the tendency ftom heredi
ty ; there of themselves, in some
irregularity of function, in some shade
of mental aberration. Tfce field of the
disease which is presented in some of
the schools situated in crowded locali
ties is indeed a sight at once for anxi
ety and pity. To the eye of a physi
cian who, like myself, has spent many
years in hospital practice, it tells a
story which is absolutely painful, if
he permits the result to be calculated
out of his mind at leisure hours; if
that is to say, he compares what he
has witnessed in his survey with
what he has learned from long obser
vation of the meaning of the phenom
ena in the history of life. It is not
necessary for him to strip the children,
percuss and sound the chest, examine
the spine, or practice any of those
reflued arts of diagnosis with which he
is familiar. He reads from, the indi
cations of temperament, of expression
of oountenance, of color of skin, of
position of limb, of build of body, of
gait, of voice, sufficient outward mani
festations to discern what is the true
physical state, what is the stamp and
and extent of disease, what is the vital
value of the lives generally that are
before him. Tell the physician those
lives are to be valued for some momen
tary purpose as they stand and as they
go on, accordiug to the present system,
and he will give in brief time an esti
mate of value which the keenest man
of business might readily accept and
act upon. Foremost among the evils
which are thus presented are those
common conditions of disease known
as ancemia and cachexia. Btrictly
these are not diseases, like diabetes,
bronchitis or defined affections run-
niug a regular course, but they are
states of diseased form which by their
presence indicate a faulty nutrition at
the period of life when good nutrition
is most required, and whioh cannot
long go on without insuriug the con
struction of an impaired bodily organi
zation. The blood is not being duly
oxygenated, aud food, therefore,
though it be even fair in quality or
quantity, is not properly applied. The
l ervous system is imperfectly built
yp ; the skeleton is imperfectly built
p; the muscular system is imperfectly
built up and sustained. How can the
improvement which is called scholar
ship be turned to fitting account in
such recipients of it?
I watched recently the afternoon
working of a large class of scholars,
and counted one third of them under
the most decisive influence of these
conditions of disease. Of the affected
there would not be, in the ordinary
averaging of life, twenty years of ex
istence under the course that was being
followed. The one saving clause iu
their case was development by physi
cal training, and that was withheld.
The one destroying clause in their
case was over-mental work without
physical training, and that was assidu
ously and regularly supplied. With
or without the arise nia and cachexia,
there is the constitutional disease
struma or scrofula, presented in thes(e
classes. The instances of this kind in
varying degrees of intensity are most
numerous. This condition again is a
mal or bad nutrition. It, as much as
cachexia or ame nia, with which it is
so often allied, is fostered by the pre-
vailing system of mental pressure.
With these conditions before the eye
there is to be seen, also, here and
there in the classes of both sexes, but
of the girl especially, the specimen of
the phthisical or consumptive subject.
In a class of fifty I pick out three thus
doomed, if their circumstances be not
changed—six per cent,, certainly a
moderate proportion. The disease has
not possibly developed, but the proba
bility of its development is all but cer
tain. unless it be checked by the one
only remedial or preventive method—
freedom from nervous exhaustion,
combined with physical exercise in
open breathing space. Such preven-
tatives are not supplied, but undue
nervous exhaustion and confinement
are both supplied, and so the fatal dis
ease is systematically fanned from
latency into activity. Spinal defor
mity and irregular construction of the
skeleton is another condition of disease,
or actual disease, readily detectable in
these classes.—Dr. Richardson.
Not Easy to Block up the Suei.
Canal.
Stopping the trtfli ; through the ca
nal would be a much more difficult
task to accomplish. This results from
its size. For most of its length it is
waiving fractions, over 300 feet wide
At El Gaisr aud Serapeuui, where the
sand was deep, it would have cost an
immense labor to have kept up the
full width at these places, so for a few
miles it is only 60 metres, or about 18<
feet. To dam up such spaces could nr i
be do$e in minutes or hours Sinking
au old veesel would also have its diffi
culties. Arabi’s men might havt
some difficulty in finding a ship ci
sufficient size for the purpose ; and
supposing this could be done, it wouli
not take a very long time to rernovei
again. Unless Arabi has means o
which we yet are unaware, there i
little chancfl of the traffic being stoppe*
for any length of time. Oar gunboat
will be quite able to keep the banks c
the canal clear, so far as their guns cai
reach, at any rate, from any body o
Bedouins or of Arabi’s soldiery, an<
they are likely to have a wholesou«
fear of big guns for some lime to come
Agricultural.
Common Salt as a Fertilizer:
Winning the Race with an In
ferior Horse.
The writer met the jockey of Ruth
erford while dining at the Winter
Palace in St. Petersburg a short time
after that huge sporting wrangle, and,
in the course of a conversation on turf
matters, the astute prodder of horse
flesh said, with a childlike and ingen
uous smile:
“Would you like to know the dead
inside facts as to how that race was
won ?”
“Wby, you rode the best horse,
didn’t you?” we asked.
“Not a bit of it,” replied the Jockey,
with a grin. “The fact was chat Ruth
erford was only about the fourth
choice, and was not rated at more than
eighth or ninth in the pools. True
Blue, Katy Pease and Thad Stevens
all had the call over Ruthy. Butic
happened that my horse was a ‘bolter,’
and to steady him and prevent his
flying the track I put blinders aud
goggles on him. You noticed them,
1 suppose?”
“Taere were two horses rigged that
way,” we replied.
“Exactly ; Stevens was a nervous
critter also, and as soon as his trainer
saw how the goggles steadied my horse
he put ’em on Tuad too. The day be
fore the race a big idea occurred to me.
I got a couple of pairs of magnifying
lenses and quietly put ’em in place of
the plain glasses in the goggles of both
horses. Catch on to the idea?”
“Well partly.”
“The only difference was that in
Stevens’ bridles I fastened the glasses
with the bulge inside, so as to make
them diminishing glasses, don’t you
see?”
“Like looking through the wrong
end of an opera glass, eh ?”
“Exactly. Tae result was that,
*while Rutherford was encouraged all
the way by the course seeming only a
couple of hundred yards long, the
quarter flags appeared ten miles apart
to Stevens. You see,* a horse can be
discouraged as well as a man.”
“Great Boheme, that.”
“Well, I should smile. Ruthy
thought he was iu for a little quarter
race, and it kepi up his heart, so that
when he had nearly done the last mile
and swung into the homestretch, and
I called on him to let out hiB last link,
he thought the Judges’ stand was
right under his nose, so he came home
like an express train on a down grade;
but Stevens, who thought he had
about fifteen miles further to go, went
all to pieces, as you remember, and
almost lay down on the track, he waa
ao mentally oaved In, aa it were*”
Common salt is a compound of chlo
rine and sodium, the first being a gas
and the latter a metal. From sodium
is derived soda by union with oxygen,
and soda is usually met with in the
shape of sulphate, carbonate, or bi-car
bonate. Nearly all plants contain
more or less soda, though it does not
supply the place of potash to any ex
tent. Common salt, therefore, supplies
soda to all plants with which it may
come in contact, and as chlorine is a
very useful substance in the soil, it
also yields up that element. It is a
very difficult matter to separate the
two which are so firmly bound to
gether in the salt; still, there is a
doubt that salt undergoes disintegra
tion in the soil. But before this takes
place it first performs several duties as
salt, and experiments have proved
this substance to be very important to
the farmers. It will kill weeds to sow
salt on them when wet with dew.
Applied on land, after seeding to corn,
wheat or turnips, provided it does not
come in contact with plants just push
ing through, it facilitates their growth
and keeps cut-worms, turnip flies and
even the Hessian fly away to a certain
extent. It is also obnoxious to many
other insects. In experimenting with
salt it should not be overlooked that it
is beneficial to some few weeds, but a
positive injury to the majority. The
celebrated Dr. Voelker, a German
chemist, used the solutions of salt in
order to test its effect on different
plants, aud found that from three to
twelve grains in a pint of water pro
duced no effect on cabbages, beans,
onions, lentils and thistles, but a solu
tion of double strength instantly killed
the sweet vernal grass. A solution'of
twenty-four grains to the pint gave
a fresher appearance to radishes,
cabbages and lentils, the latter espe
cially being highly benefited, but 1
a sortition of forty*eight grains
exercised a prejudicial effect on
lentils, while it did no injury to the
other plants. From these experiments
it appears that it is useless to apply
more than the quantity actually re
quired, and that fertilizers will give
excellent results when used in proper
proportions, but are sometimes injuri
ous in large quantities. The plants
most largely benefited by salt are cab
bages, celery, asparagus, onions, rad
ishes and tomatoes. Grasses are affected
more readily by salt than other crops,
and it is of especial advantage to bulb
ous plauts and plants with succulent
leaves. Salt is taken up into the body
of plants without decomposition to a
limited degree. Sawn on soils it ren
ders them more friable, as it possesses
the property of attracting moisture
from the' atmosphere. Mr. William
Senders, of Washington, D. C., writ
ing to the National Farmer, states
that this property has been signifi
cantly utilized in the growth of tur
nips, beets and other root orops iu dry
seasons. An application of ten bushels
to the acre on young beets that were
languishing for want of moisture had
an astonishing effect in the vigorous
growth at once imparted to the young
plants, and increased the crop to the
extent of five tons per aore above that
produced in the same field whioh was
treated in the same way, but omitting
salt. Even on the following wheat
field the salted portion was clearly
defined, as the wheat tn that poitiou
stood better, gave a heavier crop and
was superior in every respect. When
salt is mixed with moist earth aud
lime a considerable quantity of car
bonate of soda and chloride of calcium
is produced, the chlorine of a part of
the salt uniting with the lime, while
carbonic acid supplies its place, farm
ing carbonate of soda. This, having
the property of combining with silica
aud rendering it soluble, is of great
benefit to plants, and if it is thus able
to assist plants in appropriating silica,
which is a very insoluble substance
under certain conditions, it no doubt
possesses other chemical properties
which are as desirable in the soil as
the actual benefit derived by the
plants directly from the salt.
Fall Sown Bye.
Fall sown rye makes the best early
green food foi cattle. By sowing
broad-cast from two to four bushels to
the aere iu September or October, in
the corn field, or where a potato, cab
bage or any other crop has been gath
ered, and harrowing it in, there will
be a strong, succulent growth, fully
three feet high, to cut in April. After
cutting, the stubble cau be turned
under in time to plant corn and gar
den vegetables, such as beaus, peas,
cabbages, melons and potatoes. W ith-
in the last week or two, Professor W.
N. McDonald has expressed to us his
thanks for having suggested to him
this plan of sowing rye in the fall, for
the benefit of his cows in the spring,
and he says that the rye fed in April
astonished them all in the wonderful
increase in butter that it caused. It
produced at once a flaw of rich milk
from cows that previously were almost
dry. This experience shows quite
clearly how much the quantity and
quality of the rniik is influenced by
the kind of food.
The Time for Catting Grass.
There is a great deal said in agricul
tural journals about the proper time in
cut grass. We hardly think that any
practical farmer needs information
about this, the oldest crop perhaps
ever raised upon the farm, and one
that no fafmer ever thinks of doing
without. It is a thing that presents
itself directly to the judgment and ex
perience of every one. The farmer is
perfectly familiar with the difference
in quality and price of bay cut at the
proper time—that is, just when it is
about done growing—and a later
period when the blossoms are dead
and th« stock is beginning to losy its
fresh, green app'earance. No owner
cf horses, or those having, charge of
horses, who knows anything about
hay—and they all ought to be familiar
with this important and expensive
article of food—can readily judge of its
quality from its color and size or stiff
ness of the stalk.
We are speaking of timothy, which
is almost wholly used for driving
horses at least, though a mixture of
one-fourth or one-eighth of clover is
preferred by many. Clover should of
course be cut earlier—say when the
heads are jn full bloom—and cured as
rapidly as possible, and as moderate^
as it will answer to store away without,
fear of moulding. It is then worth a
full third more than if allowed t®
stand uutil the blossoms are dead,
when it loses a portion of its sweetness
and becomes brittle, the heads break
ing off and in a great measure lost.
. Sheep oa the Farm.
A correspondent of the Farmer'i
Iteview makes some good points in the
following plea for sheep keeping: “On
almost every farm are fields and pas
tures where weeds grow which horses
and cattle would ne^er think of eating] 1
On this sheep will browse snd thrive.
Turn them into these pastures early
in the spring, and they will take care
cf themselves all summer. Tne pas
ture must be proportionate to the
number of sheep it is expected to sup
port. If too great a number are turned
into it early In the season they will
keep it fed down so closely that the
crop will be a scant one all summer.
But if the number is not too large for
the range given they will do well
where other animals would starve.
Nothing escapes them. They browse
on briars with great relish, and in
fields where other bushes have begun
to start they will soon exterminate
them, far they crop off every young
shoot as soon as it makes its appear
ance. It is a good plan to divide your
pasture into two or mare fields. Let
them run in one until they have
cropped it pretty close. Waile they
are doing this the other will be getting
a good start. By and by you cau turn
them into it, and the one they have
occupied can have a ehance to do
something. In this way you will
be likely to get the better feed far
them than you will by allowing them
full range of the entire pasture all the
time.”