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an and Cry. -.
e of tbe Strange Sounds Made by Finny
EeniZdni of tae Diep.
“Y«s,”he continued, in reply to a
quest inn, “we often see finback whales
up here, and there’s one curious thing
about’ em, and that is their talkin’.
Bo—aint it, Aleck ?”
“SJirtin, sartln,” came from the cor
ner.
“I know that some fishes make
noises, whether they talk or not,” the
writer replied ; “but wh it sort of noises
do whales make?”
“Well,” continued the old man,
“you’ve beam the noise a hen makes
on a hot day when Bhe’s fed up and
got a neat started on the sly. It haint
a cluck nor a cackle, but it’s a kind o’
conscience-free song. Wall, a whale
makes that same kind of a noise when
she’s got her kind alongside, only it’s
much louder. Now, black fish, when
they’re a-runnin’, make a noise that
sounds j^et like a groan, and you’ll see
the dam a-runnin’ about the calves
and try in’to care for ’em jest like a
cow, all the time a makin’ groans, and
the young ones a squealin’ jest the
same as a pig.”
Being pressed for his opinion as to
whether fish talk or not, the writer
who had made a study of natural his
tory, was able to gratify the old fisher
man with the statement that he was
correct as to their making a noise. As
early m Aristotle’s time the voice of
the fish had been recorded as an exist
ing fact, and the choiros, common in
the River Clitor, was famous for its
vocal sounds. Sir Emerson Tennent
was so fortunate as to hear the sounds
made by fish directly from the water.
It was during a visit to Battacaola,
on the northern coast of Ceylon.
Drifting upcn the lake one calm even
ing, ho heard curious musical trills
and-notes, varying in tone and inten
sity, coming up from the bottom.
Some appeared like the sounds ob
tained by rubbing the rim of a wine
glass ; while others were distant and
sharp, coming is quick succession and
ending in a prolonged note. The noise
made by the great reddish hogfish. of
the Gulf has often been heard by the
writer. They make a curious roaring
or grunting sound. According to some
who claim to have heard it, the eel
produces the most musical sound of
all fishes. It makes a single intona
tion, often repeated, which has a de
cided metallic resonance. The Em
peror Augustus firmly believes! that
eels or murrays could talk, and pre
tended to understand their language.
Probably the -loudest sounds are made
by the drum -or pigfish of the Jersey
ooast. When being hauled in they
make such a noise that it can be heard
quite a distance, and it is easily con
torted into appeals and lamentations
by an excited imagination. Tae mat
ter has been investigated by Professor
Baird, of the Smithsonian Institution,
and he is of tbe opinion that the sounds
come from the belly of the fish. The
maigre—a European fish—makes a
remarkable co<^ng noise, accompanied
by a croak or groan. The most active
noise maser was a fish (.Haemulon)
found in Southern waters. It was a
yellow and mottled fellow, with mild,
intelligent eyes and large mouth, and
on one occasion when one was hauled
up it Immediately began such a series
of groans and grunts, ending finally in
shrieks, that the sympathetic captor
tossed it back into the water. A vari
ety of the maigre in South America
makes a noise resembling a bell, ’Sir
John Richardsou, while off the coast
of South Carolina, was one night pre-j
vented from sleeping by the noise
made by drumfish. Lieutenant John
.White also states that on his voyage to
China, when his ship was anchored at
the mouth of the Cumboya River, the
Bailors were much astonished by the
curious sounds that issued from the
water, resembling the bass of an organ,
mingled with the tones of a bell, the
croaking of an enormous frog and the
twang of immense harp strings. These
sounds swelled into a gentle chorus
on both sides of the ship, and were at
tributed to a school of fish. A similar
occurrence in the S>uth Sea was de
scribed by Baron Humboldt. The
sailors were greatly terrified one even
ing by an extraordinary noise in the
air, like the beating of tambourines,
followed by sounds which seemed to
come from the ship, and resembling
the escape of air from boiling liquid*
Liter these strange sounds, which it
was judged proceeded from a school of
“Beloenoldes,” ceased.
Over fifty varieties of fish are known
to produce sounds, eaoh more or less
different. Many fishermen are famil
iar with the curious note of the glzzird
sh id, known to solence as the “loroso-
ma,” the sound being vibratory and
agreeable. The mullet, so common In
Southern Florida, a'^d which often at
tains a large sizs, makes a strange
sound quite prolonged, and during its
utterance bubbles of water are seen
arising from the water above it. The
catfish makes a humming sound, and
the sea-horse utters, not a whinny or
neigh, but a series of single sharp
notes. In many ca'es the sound is
produced by the pneumatic duct and
- wimming bladder ; while other fishes
make an involuntary noise by the lips
or the pharyngeal or intermaxillary
bones. In the fi dies triglt and ztus
there is a diaphragm with muscles for
opening and closing the swimming
bladder, and by its action the sounds
are graded and qualified. The voice
of the catfish and eel is produced evi
dently by forcing air from the swim
ming bladder into the ce ;ophagus, and
the sea-horse makes its noise by the
use of certain vibratory voluntary
muscles, and to all intents ajpd pur
poses the sounds are comparable with
those made by other animals express
ing, perhaps, the emotions felt. Their
air bladders are homologous to lungs,
and the pneumatic duct is analogous
to the trachea of the higher verte
brates.
The Sense of Smell.
Smell, then, may resemble sound in
having its quality influenced by har
monics. And j ust as a piccolo has the
same quality as a flute, although some
of its harmonics are so high as to be
beyond the range of the ear, so smells
owe their qualities to harmonics,
which, if occurring alone, would be
beyond the sense. It must h« remem
bered that the harmonics are not heard
separately from the fundamental, un
less special means be adopted to ren
der them audible, but they add their
vibrations to those of the fundamental.
When two sounds are heard simulta
neouely they give a concord or a dis
cord^ but each may be separately dis
tinguished by f the ear. Two colors, on
the other hand, produce a single
•impression on the eye, and it is doubt
ful whether we cau analyze them.
But smell resembles sound and not
light in this particular. For in a
mixture of smells it is possible, by
practice, to distinguish each ingredi-
eutand, as I have shown, to match
the sensation by a mixture. With re
gard to the mechanism by which
smell is conveyed to the nerve all that
can be said is pure speculatiou. But
as it is supposed that the vibrations of
sound are conveyed to the auditory
nerve through the small clrrhi, or
hairs which spring out of round, cylin
drical nerve-cells in the superficial
layer of eon nective tissue of the epi
thelium of the iutemal ear, aud that
each is attuned to some particular
note of vibrations, so it may be imag
ined that the hair-like processes con
nected with the spindle-shaped ceils,
themselves communicating with the
nerve-fibres of the olfactory nerve are
the recipients of the vibrations caus
ing smell. Although the rate of such
vibrations is extremely rapid, no less,
indeed, io the case of hydrogen than
4,400,0005000,000,009, or the four quad
rillions four trillion th part of a second,
yet the wave length is by no mean* so
small, for it averages the two-one hun
dredth of an inch, a magnitude quite
visible to the naked eye. And hydro
gen has no smell; those bodies which
have smell aud higher molecular
weight must necessarily have a slower
period of vibratloa and possibly
greater wave length.
Paragraphs.
Some of the most timid girls are not
frightened by a loud bang.
Some things are past finding out.
The love of whisky is what staggers
a man.
Owing to their abbreviated skirts,
ballet dancers are known as scanty
navians.
There are two sorts of fools about ad
vice—those who give it and those who
will not take It.
A Massachusetts schoolboy, beiug
asked to give the feminine of tailor, re
plied, “dressmaker.”
A Texan mau was arrested for riding
a mule on Smday. It was another
man’s mule, by the way.
The Burlington Hawkeye advises
those who are searching for indepen
dence to look In the kitchen.
“This is what I like,” said the
tramp, “good country board,” as he
laid himself down on the floor of the
barn.
Don’t be afraid of Joving people too
much, or throwing away too muoh
kindness. It is just such things the
world stands In need of, and they have
the great advantage of enriching the
giver.
Dog Fat ior Consumption.
The attention of a reporter was at
tracted yesterday aftern >on, while at
the dog-pound, by two boys who were
carefully skinning and dressing a dog
that had just been drowned according
to law for vagrancy.
“What are you doing that for?”
was asked.
“For consumption,” replied one of
the boys, “For a two-dollar bill,”
said the other.
It was finally explained that many
residents of the east side of the city
firmly believe that dog fat is an infal
lible cure for consumption.
“ The boys told you the truth,” said
Dr. Ennever, the veterinary stationed
at the pound, who. was next ques
tioned. “ A great many people believe
that dog fat and even the flesh of
dogs is a sure cure for consumption,
and on an average one dog a week is
taken from here and reduced to medi
cine.”
“ Who comes after them ?”
“ Generally women, either Germans
or Jews. They come up here, and
after carefully examining all the dogs
select one that seems to be healthy
and fat. They then point out their se
lection to an attendant, who ties a
string round its neck or marks the
animal in some way so as to identify
it. The woman is told on what day
that particular beast will be drowned ;
she returns at the time specified, gets
the body and turns it over to some of
the hoodlums round here, who for a
dollar or two skin it and take off the
fat. If she wishes the earcass they
dress it for her just as a butcher would
a lamb or calf. No, yellow dogs have
no value in this way ; a black dog Is
always chosen in preference to any
other color, If he is fat and healthy.”
“ How do they take the medicine, as
I suppose they call it?”
“In different ways. Rome reduce
it to oil aud take it as a liquid by the
spoonful; others try it out and then
after it gets cold spread it on bread as
you would butter and eat it so.”
* “ Do they eat the meat, too ?”
“Yes; and, as a matte r of fact, it’s
not bad eating. I’ve tried it myself,
though I was not aware of it at the
time. It looks like young veal.”
44 Have you any regular customers ?”
“We had one, a Mrs. Farley, who
used to live at the corner of Avenue A
and Sixteenth street. She was pretty
far gone with consumption, but she
used to come every other week for five
or six months aud get a nice fat dog.
I have not seen her for some time, but
I don’t think she’s dead. Some one
told me she was living over on Ninth
avenue. But as a general thing we
don’t know our customers’ names.
This superstition is so general on the
east side that many of the drug stores
keep dog fjt or oil in stock. There are
any number of these household reme
dies for different diseases. Through
Vermont and New Hampshire the fat
of skunks is used as a cure for croup
aud rheumatism. Then at the South
negroes use dog’s flesh as a cure for
rheumatism. The dog must be jet-
black or the medicine is without effi
cacy. When the animal is chosen it
is fed on nothing but the lungs aud
livers of raccoons until it is so fat it
can hfwdly walk, when it is killed and
eaten. After that if the patient is not
cured be is perfectly assured that his
pains and aches are attributable to
some other cause.”
Duriug the last six years over 43,000
dogs have beeu drowned at the ponnd.
So far this year 3007 have been re
ceived, 2674 drowned, 98 redeemed,
H returned by order of the authorities
and 232 are now awaiting death.—
Now York World.
Nabobs of New York.
Four Man Worth Five Hundred Million!
of Dollar!.
“Recurring again, Mr. Hatch, to
the three or four very rich men—name
them if you please.”
** Well, there are just five of them In
the first-class. First, Vanderbilt and
his sons; second, Russel 6 ige; third,
Jay Gould, aud fourth, James Keene
I suppose you refer to men who have
been directly connected with stock
operations. Vanderbilt and his sons,
altogether have go: $300,000,000. I am
sure this is not overstated, for the $60,-
000,0 k) or $75,000,000 in the govern
ment loans rt present their interest as
it has accumulated. Tbe next is Rus
sell Sage, who is richer than Gould.
He is worth from $60 000,0 - to
000 000. Gould is worth from
000 to $50,000,000, and Keene from
$25,000,0C^ to $30,000 000. Those are
prodigious figures. See what they
represent of other men’s losses, when
you look at the present state of the
stook market and what it is tumbling
to. There is about $450,000,000 to
$500,000,000 in the hands of four men,
who have made it all in the Stock
Exchange out of the gambling pro
pensities and credulity of the people.”
44 You surprise me,” said I, “in
rating Russell Sage so high.”
“Well, it is a fac!\ He has been a
cool, steady, strong man, playiug no
tricks, but scooping it iu all the time.
I may say for him that if you get his
name on niece ot a paper it is just as
good as any obligation in the world.
Gould has been the most dexterous of
the lot. Keene represents his name.
In character he is certainly a wonder
fully keen man. The history of his
operations in Lake Shore and North
western would be a ^reat subject for
one of your letters. IIs took Lake
Shore at GO and got rid of it at a profit
of .100 per cent., and the same way he
took Northwestern when it was about
40 and sold most of it at about 300 per
cent, profit, for it went up to 126 last
ye&r, and stands now at 130. Vander
bilt now owns the railroad.”
“ You surprise me,” said I. “Is the
public generally aware that Vander
bilt owns the Chicago & Northwestern
road?”
44 They may not be,” said Mr. Hatch,
but he does possess it. I went to
him with a statement of the condition
of the road, aud told him it was a good
purchase, and he found it so, but I
think he kept all the commissions in
the family, fir I never got any of
them.”
44 Has Vanderbilt’s purcha e of the
Michigan Central been a lucky one?”
“Yes, I think it was. He is one of
the men who has made money right
along, and the eflect of the boom,
which is now played out, has merely
been to transfer the wealth of a great
many people to a few who are all the
time getting richer.”
“Are you aw ire of any other for
tunes to be compared to those you
have already nsmed ?”
44 Do you mean in other associations
than stock scheming? Yes, there is
Commodore Garrison, who deals in
railroad property, but not much
around the Stock Exchange. He has
no particular broker, and no office
right about the Exchange. He is
worth $25 000,000 to $30,000,000. Moses
Taylor, wh 1 died a short time ago
has left $75,000,000, they say, so th?
it makes his legacy of $250,000 tr
railroad hospital look pretty small. /
Home Education.
The following rules are w tLv of
being printed in letters of ^
placed in a conspicuous plar ^ |n ’ eve
household: y
First From our chib ^ n , g earliest
infancy inculcate the r ^ssity of in _
stant obedience.
Second—Unite flrr ^ 8with gen tIe _.
ness. Let your ct ^ dpan alway8 un ..
derstand that you anean what y o U . 8ay ^
Third Never promise them* iiny-
thing unless y ou are quite sure that
you can givrj what you say.
Fourth If you tell a child <to do
something, show him how to do it,
and see that it is 'd«me.
Fifth Always punish your child
for w lllfhlly disobeying you, but nev er
punish him m auger.
Sixth—Never let them know that
they vex you, or make you lose youi-
self-com mand.
Seventh—If they give way to petu
lance or ill-temper, wait till they are
calm, then gently reason with them
on the impropriety of their conduct.
Eighth—Remember that a little pres
ent punishment, when the occasion
arises, is much more effectual than the
threatening of a greater punishment
should the fault l»e renewed.
Ninth—Never give your children
anything because they cry for it.
Tenth—On no account allow them
to do at one time what you have for
bidden und^* the same etrcumstances
at another.
Eleventh—Teach them that the
only sure and easy way to appear
good is be good.
Twelfth—Accustom them to make
their little recitals with perfect truth.
Thirteenth—Never allow tale bear
ing.
Fourteenth—Teach them self-denial,
not self indulgence.
Frances Appleton Longfellow.
I never saw Mr*. Longfellow with
out a strong Impression oilier liken:
to the pictured “Evangeline.” I
low, broad brow, overshadowed by
masses of dark hair which seemed to
frame the whole face, was repeated in
the picture, and there were the same
large eyes, the doep eyes, that did not
“twinkle,” of which the poet wrote
in “Hyperion.”
One could not look at Mr. Long
fellow at this time without a sense
his happiness, so all-pervasive did i
seem. I did not see him for two years
after his wife died, arid he had cliauged
so much in that period that I did not
recognize him at firet sight. It was
not a change that suggested physrcaF
decay. Oa the contrary, a stranger
who saw him then, for the first time,
would have pronounced him a fine,
specimen of vigorous manhood. But
the look of content, satisfactiot
happiness—call it what you will—that
once made his face radiant was gone—
and it never relumed.
Mrs. Longfellow was a tall and
stately brunette, who added to great,
personal beauty rare powers of intel
lect aud high culture. Her manner
toward strangers whom she met our.
terms of equality, was almost regal;;
while to those whom she employed, »
or who were dependent upon hexijshe
was singularly considerate. I remem
ber th 3 mixture of awe and admira
tion with which our mu tual dress
maker, a most excellent weinan* told
me that Mrs. Longfello on coming
to be measured, had asl ^«Mier to be a
little more careful wi'jh this than she
had been with the_ ]agt dress, made
three months befo ^e, which 1 had been
several laches lo’ JS er on one than it
was on the othe’ ( g^le, it was an ele
gant dress, y e t there had been no
hasty mtesa' ^ 8ent b ack ; allowance
had been m ade f or some new worker
who had made the blunder. There
was no r 4 pp eara nce of vexation in her
manne’ A The fault was simply spoken
A kindly way that conveyed her
confidence that, if it were made
,»wn to Uer, the seamstress, would
tsb to avoid a similar mistake as
imich as her employer-would wish to
have her do so. I mention this cir
cumstance because it illustrates so
perfectly her magnanimous feeling,,
th e outgrowth always of a grand nar
ture, toward those who were, in a
s ertse, in her power.
Her style of brunette beauty
that which admitted of her w
the most delicate shades of r ^tng
such as sky bluo, pale r •* il 3*' c >ior,
like, and her tarhe was * . a ntl
dignity was the result. rttmLZg
that manifested I tself ;« manyTre"
tiona. and even I- a matter* of -her toS
gat her a delic ate sense of , he titoe"
full
kn
w
Fried Herbs,—Cieau and dry a
good quantity of spinaoh leaves, two
large hamlsful of parsley, and a hand
ful of green onions. Chop the parsley
and onions, and sprinkle them among
the spinach. Set them alUn tostew,
with some salt, and a bit of butter, the
size of a walnut; thake the pan when
it begins to grow warm, aad let It be
closely covered over a close stove Ull
done enough.
of things.
At that nota'ote entertainment given
m Boston, tine ball Sn honor of the
Pnoe. of We,leg, he, dreM wa , a ,®
lavetid r brightened hy cherry!
colored trimmings, and dnisbed with
rareo d lace. Bui no demand of de!
r" l Ed ° ustom under tbe name of
tull dress oould induce her to dis-
Pl.»y the charms of her lovely person,
to the gas-of » p„ MI( . assembly * “
thengh it was, and claiming as’it
ro be composed of the elite of * hi?
region. The open corsageof the
wa» fllled to the thrca? w Tth an «
Htio arrangement of her own
iug, of soft, fleecy lace whir*h
pieced a womanly toilet ’ ° h COm '
Brisket of Beef with Beets —
Cuoose four pounds of the brisket of
corned beef, not too fat, wash it in
cold water, out out any bone which
may be in It, taking care to cut from
the inside so as to leave the outer sur-
face of the meat intact, roll it tightly
and tie in compactly; put It over the
fire iu suffl dent oold water to cover it
add a teaspoonful of pepper-corns or a
small red or green pepper, and boil It
veryslowiy for two hours, replacing
with cold water that which evaporate!
so that the beef is kept covered with
water; after the beef has been placed
on the flie, wash six medium-siz^d
beets in plenty of cold water, taking
care not to break the skin, and leav-
lug on the loots and about two inches,
of the leaf stalks; put them over the
fire in a large pet or saucepan half-full
of boiling water, and boil them until
they are tender, which will be in
about an hour and a half • then take
them out of the boiling water for »
few minutes until they oaa be hau.
died ; slice them, heat them qniskly
with a saltspeonful of salt, quarter o|
a hAllspoonful of pepper, a tablespoon
ful of outier, and a gill of vinegar
mkiug care not to break the sli 0
Wueu the bd&f Is done remove
strings from it and servo It on a I
platter with the beets plaoed uroun