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Science. Phosphor bronze has an electric con ductivity two and a half times that of iron or steel and one-thiid that of cop per. Certain physicians say that crying should not be repressed in children, as the consequences may be Saint Vitus’ dance or epileptic fits. The longest span of wire in the "World is used for a telegraph in India, ver the River Kistnah, between Bezo- rah and Sectanagrum. It is more than 6000 feet long, and is stretched between two hills, each of which is 1200 feet high. In Switerland small coins are now made from pure metallic nickel rolled by the Fleitmann process. These coins are said to be much superior te the alloy of 25 per cent, of nickel and 75 per cent, of copper heretofore used there. By the adoption of preventive mea sures to guard against expected epi demics in certain English towns Mr. Edwin Chadwick estimates that three- fourths of a million lives and three million cases of sickness have been saved. This seems a somewhat start ling statement, but the figures are the result of statistical comparisons, and are probably correct. Dr. Samuel W. Francis, Newport, R. I., reports the successful treatment of an acute case of pneumonia by the inhalation of -ulphuric ether. He says that “ if seen early during the first stage, by inhaling ether for thirty minutes, every six hours, many severe and protracted eases of sickness would be arrested.” Dr. Francis recom mended inhalation of sulphuric ether for bronchitis in 1868. A mill-pick maker advises that in grinding picks the pressure be not too gre it, and that sufficient water be used so that heating, which always injures the temper, be prevented. It should be borne in mind that cracking picks should not be used for furrowing, and no pick should be used after its edges are worn too blunt. When picks are blunt grind them to a straight level, one-eighth or three-eighths long. Professor Whitney does not lay any weight on the removal of forests as a cause for the dryness and desolation of former fertile and populous regions of the earth. He admits that the greater proportion of land to water in late geological eras may have a little to do with the decreased rain-fall; but he attributes the diminished precipitation mainly to a lowering of the intensity of soiar radiation during geological time. All know that air has weight, but one is apt to have vague ideas as to the weight of comparatively limited quan tities of it. A cubic foot of air weighs 638.1 grains, or something over one ounce; 13 06 cubic feet weigh one pound. About 65 cubic feet of air furnish one pound of oxygen. An apartment 8 feet high, 12 feet wide and 13 feet long contains about 100 pounds of air; and a room 40 feet square and 18 feet high contains about a ton. The art of making glass is of high antiquity, but it belonged to modern ingenuity to develop the value of the Invention, and to apply it to a multi tude of important and in Borne cases lndes oensable usee. Not many centu ries ago window-glass was only found in the houses of the very rioh. Its use began in palaces. For a long time it was so scarce that at Ain wick Castle in 1567 the glass was ordered to be taken out of the windows and laid up in safety when the lord was absent. Instead of the usual solid case of the Bell telephone, Herr Konigslieb, of Hamburg, provides a case in which the space between the membrane and the magnet is enlarged into a thin- sided sounding-case, and under this 1b a resonance-case, which surrounds the other at a certain interval. The reeo nance case is perforated at certain places. The inventor claims that he thus obtains a considerable strengthen ing of the sound ; also a purer and more distinct transmission. sure. For every pint of juice add fourteen ounces of sugar, and boil in a clean preserving pan five and twenty minutes, carefully taking off the scum as it rises to the surface. Place it hot in small jars and cover it down with thin tissue paper, dipped in brandy, and brown paper over it. Keep it in a cool, dry place. Blackberry Jam.—To each pound of ripe fruit (very ripe), stewed in a porcelain kettle, add one pound of best loaf sugar, and mash the contents fine with a strong iron or wooden spoon, while still upon the fire. When well mixed and boiled fifteen minutes longer, stirring well the meanwhile, fill small jars or glasses, and set away. In any of the preceding recipes rasp- berrie* may be substituted for black berries, as may also strawberries. The jelly made of blackberries is, however, particularly useful in dysentery and other similar complaints, and the fol lowing recipes are also useful in the same complaints: Blackberry Drink.—To twelve quarts of the berries put two quarts of clear water, with five ounces of tartaric acid dissolved in it. Let this stand forty-eight hours; then let the juice drip through a flannel cloth or sieve without pressure. To a pint of this juice put a pound of sugar and bot tle forthwith. Tie over the mouth of each bottle a piece of cloth, and let stand about ten days. Then cork the bottles and use when desired, remem bering the acid is never used alone, but always diluted with two-thirds of its quantity of Ice water. The Juice of strawberries, raspberries, currants or Morilla cherries may be prepared in the same way. Census Reports on Wages. Home Economies. Blackberry Jelly.—Bruise the fruit, put in a thin cloth, and allow to strain over night. Next morning add half a pound of sugar to each pint of juice; boil twenty minutes. Another Way.—Gather the fruit when perfectly ripe and in very dry weather. Put the beiries in a jar and set/lhe Jar in hot water, keepfcg it tolling until the juice is extracted from the fruit. Pass it through a fine ere or Jelly bag without muoh pres- Blackberry Vinegar. — One quart of ulacfcberries to one of sharp vinegar. Let them stand a day; squeeze out the juice; add to this, two days in succession, as much fruit as the vinegar will hold. To each quart of the vinegar thus prepared put two pounds of sugar, and boil from five to ten minutes. When cool, bottle and seal. This will be found a pleasant and cooling beverage in hot weather, when mixed in the proportions of two- thirds water to one of the vinegar. Cappilaire.—Mix six eggs, well beaten up, with fourteen pounds of loaf sugar and three pounds of coarse sugar ; put them into three quarts of water, boil it twice, skim it well and add a quarter of a pint of orange-flower water; strain it through a jelly-bag and put it into bottles for use. A spoonful or two of this syrup, put into a draught of either cold or warm water makes a very pleasant drink. Milk Lemonade.—Take the juice of six fine lemons, and the peel of three, pared very thin, two wine glasses of syrup, half a pint of Madeira or sherry, and one quart of boiling water. Put all into a covered vessel and let it stand for t welve hours; then having boiled a pint of new milk, pour it upon the mixture, after which let it through a jelly bag until quite clear. A very refreshing drink. Root Beer.—Take a pint of bran, a handful of hops, some twigs of spruce hemlock or cedar, a little sassafras rcois of various kinds, such as plan tain, dandelion, burdocks, dock, etc. boil and strain, add a tablespoonful of Jamaica ginger ; molasses to sweeten and a cup of yeast. When you want it soon, let one bottle stand where it is warm, the rest will work cold. This will make one gallon. Excellent Ginger-Pop. — Take three-quarters of a pound of white sugar, one ounce of cream of tartar, one ounce of ginger and the juice and grated rind of one lemon. Put these all together in a jar, and pour over it all four quarts of boiling water; let it stand until it is lukewarm; then add one tablespoonful of fresh peast, and nearly one tablespoonful ot win- tergreen, or of sassafras; let this stand for twenty-four hour4, then put in bob- ties, cork tightly and seal. Itfwill be ready for use in a few days. Nectar.—Take a pound of best raisins, seeded and chopped; four lemons, sliced thin, and the yellow rind pared off from two other lemons, and two pounds of powdered loaf sugar. Put in a porcelain preserving kettle two gallons of water. Bet it over the fire and boil it half an hour then, while the water is boiling hard, put in the raisins, lemons and sugar, and continue the boiling for ten min utes. Pour the mixture into a vessel with a close cover, and let it stand lour days, stirring it twice a day. Then ■train through a linen bag and bottle it. It will be fit to use in a fortnight. Drink it from wineglasses, with small piece of ice In each. One of the assertions which the advo cates of the existing high tariff in the United Stales are never weary of af firming and. reiterating is that the laborers in the protected indus'ries have been thereby greatly benefited through the permanency of employ ment (the stagnation of industry from 1873 to 1878 and the strikes and lock outs of 1882 to the contrary notwith standing), and through the receipt of extremely high wages, by reason of which the ironworkers of Pennsyl vania, according to the Hon. W. D. Keiley, are enabled and accustomed to adorn the walls of their residences 4 with chromos and fine engravings,” and otherwise to fare sumptuously. Heretofore, in the absence of any col lection of statistics which all interested were willing or constrained to accept as authoritative, the discussions which have taken place between the advo cates of ‘‘tariff reductions” and “ high protection ” in respect to labor, wages, prices and profile, have been in a great degree unsatisfactory, those on either side who did not want to be convinced being generally strengthened in their preconceived opinions, while others, fairly open to conviction, found them selves utterly confused by a conflict of assertion and inference which did not admit of any complete refutation or verification. The recent publication of the results of the census of 1880 have, however, at last, in many departments of domestic industry, placed matters upon a new and different footing, and given to the public a revelation of positive facts which cannot be hereafter either ignored or denied. Thus, in a series of articles on our “ Iron and Steel Industries,” published some weeks since in our columns, it was conclu sively demonstrated from an analysis of the census returns that in place of the receipt of exceptionally high wages by the laborers employed in these highly protected industries, the average wage paid them was only about $1.16 per diem, or $345 per an num, a rate about the average paid to the commonest and least skilled labor in most parts of the country; and, also, that the laborers in the industries in the United Btates derive no benefit whatever from the greatly enhanced prices which the existing tariff permits the owners of coal and iron lands and of the iron and steel furnaces and roll ing mills in this country to charge to the general public as consumers. Similar striking and interesting conclusions are now deducible from the statistics of the manufactures of twenty of the principal cities of the United Btates, as set forth in one of the most recent of the bulletins of t|ie Census Bureau. In these manufac tures, which include all the more especially piotected industries, the number of employes is returned at 948,494, comprising 663,827 men, 224,- 109 women and 60 567 children. The aggregate annual washes paid to the same were $379,384 931, which, assum ing 300 working days in the year, would show a disbursement of $1,261,- 283 for each day, and an average of $1.33 per day for each person em ployed. Selecting Philadelphia from the list of the twenty cities as the one which may be fairly regarded as hav ing done the most to impose the high protective tariff system upon the coun try, the analysis of the census returns affords the following results : Numi'erof employes 178 (M2 Annual a^tjregate wagt-n 860 dOfl.'.W 00 Datl> UlfcburiitnjenMor 8u0 202,021.00 Average wages per baud per day.. 1.10 It will thus be seen that in this centre of protection the average wages paid to labor are 17 cents per day less than the general average paid in the twenty selected cities located all over the continent; or, leaving Philadel phia out of the list, the average paid to manufacturing labor rises from $1.83 to $1.87 per day. These figures are bard nuts to crack for that class of people who have been assuring the workingmen and women of the country that high protection in evitably assures them higher wages. With the prices of commodities at normal rates, $9 per week is little enough to enable the laborer in the manufactories of our large cities to provide himself with food, fuel, cloth ing and shelter—more especially if he has others dependent on him—and every advance in commodity prices means reduction of wages through diminished purchasing power. Since 1879 the advance in the prices of com modities has been at least 20 per oent* and there has been no general increase of wages in consequence. Hence the reasonable discontent of labor every where. Henoe the continual strikes and local disturbances. Now, in what way is the laborer to look for relief, with from seven hundred thousand to a million recruits to the labor market pouring in annually ? Not by denoun cing employers, who, in all but excep tional instances, pay the average mar ket price of labor, but rather by de nouncing all men and measures which are instrumental in unnecessarily aug menting the cost of living by excessive taxation, wasteful expenditures, and the continuance of a policy which prevents the expansion of the markets for the products of our various indus tries. Let those desirous of relief and a hetter state of things ask themselves: Why should this land, so productive of abundance that we are able to con tribute largely to the food supply of almost all nations, be at the same time the most costly of all lands to live in. And when they have once fully com prehended what is involved m this asking they will have made some progress in determining a solution of the problem.—New York Times. Russian View of the Egyptian Question. In the name of civilization and order the English bombarded Alexandria, and they did it successfully. Thelight shore forts are destroyed, and the city itself was made the prey of the flames. In order to plant there a higher civili zation they resorted to a senseless and merciless destruction. The English Government applies this theory, which is worse than Nihilbm, to Egypt, while the Governments of the rest of Europe partly approve English action, and partly in silence let these ugly practices go on. It is said that Europe is about to aid England; in other words, to erect in Egypt a monument of her weakness—but we don’t believe it. Borne ten years ago Lord Beacons- field made a good deal of noise, boasl ing that England could stand not only one but several campaigns at once, yet even Lord Beaconsfield did not dare to invade Egypt. He was satisfied with buying for his Government the Suez Canal shares and sending a com mission to investigate the financial condition of Egypt, At that time Europe looked closely after English operations in the East, and would not allow any invasion ot Egypt. But now the English Government does not need any support from other European nations in order to counteract Russian Influence on the Balkan peninsula, for Russian policy is now passive. Eng land tramples down the rights of its late allies by attempting to appropriate the most important international com mercial way in the East—that is, the But* Canal. While England was going on with her warlike preparations there was heard no protest from any part of Europe, and now Europe must deal with an accomplished fact—the English occupation of Egypt. Civilization and order have nothing to do with the Egyptian question. Good order can only suffer by armed interference by the European Btates with Egyptian aflairo. England tram ples on the independence and liberty of Egypt, things which are indispen sable for the successful advancement of any country. There is yet time to stop the English Government from further devastation " and depredation in Egypt. The bombardment of Al- ^andria has given so far only negative results. The city is ruined partly by English cannon, and partly by incen diarism. Hundreds of Europeans hare fallen victims of the infuriated Egyptian mob. This was a cruel re venge on a great civilized power for its invasion of peaceful Egypt. But the Egyptian army, though it has re treated. is yet far from throwing down its arms. The British Government is responsible for this bloodshed, in view of the bad results so far gained, it is fast losing confidence in itself, and is now beseeching the other Pow ers for co-operation, or at least for sanction of its deeds. We hope the French Government will refuse to take any part in the barbarous English treatment of Egypt. Mr. Gladstone has been forced to take a dangerous step as a means of preserving his Cabinet. Recently he suffered a defeat in Parliament, which, under other circumstances, would have forced him to resign. In order to restore the credit of his Cabinet he decided upon this adventurous Egypt ian campaign. But he may be sure that Europe will not suffer the Suez Canal to fall under the exclusive con trol of the English. Blackberry Syrup.—Make a sim pie syrup of a pwuud of sugar to each pint of water ; boil until it is rioh and thick, then add to it as many pints of the expressed juice of the blackberries as there are pounds of sugar; put half a nutmeg grated to each quart of the syrup; set aside until oold, then bottle for use. A tablespoonful for a child, or a wineglassful for an adult is the dose. The Iron Workers. A Sketch of a Powerful Organization. The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers of the United Btates is one ot the strongest labor bodies in the world. Previous to 1874 there were two organization* among the iron and steel workers. There were the United Sons of Vulcan and the Heaters, Rollers and Roughers’ Association. The Sons of Vulcan were the strongest. It originated during the great strike of 1850; it was then only a local organization, and- gradually spread until it had considera ble of a national footing, yet without any apparent strength. These unions did not accomplish the ends for which it was organized. In several strikes they were deleated because of a mis understanding between themselves. When the puddlers struck the roughers . and catchers continued to work on muck iron from the outside furnaces, and consequently defeated the pud dlers. In 1874, at a meeting of the puddlers iu Philadelphia, a committee was appointed to confer with the Heat ers, Rollers and Roughers’ Association to effect an amalgamation. A. plan was agreed upon at this conference and submitted to the annual conven tion of each organization, which met in 1875, and ratified the amalgamation under the title of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Bteeel Work ers of the United States, and which includes nearly all the skilled iron and steel workers. The Association has divided the United Btates and Canada into eight districts. The first is located in the vicinity of Pitteburg, including Mc Keesport and Homestead, Pa. It has two sub-divisions. The first contains th rty-one lodges ; John M. Kelly, of McKeesport, is Chairman. The second division contains thirty-eight lodges, with R. H. Jones, of Pittsburg, Chair man, with a total membership of 30,- 000. The second division contains nineteen lodges, with Edwin Rodgers,, of Wheeling, Chairman. The third district is sub-divided into two divi sions, and is the second largest in the United States. The first division con tains eleven lodges, Charles Avery, of Covington, Kentucky, being Chair man. The second division has four teen lodges, Wm. White, of St. Clair, 111., is Chairman. In the fourth dis trict there are twenty-three lodges; P. G. Summer, of Joliet, 111., is Chair man. The fifth district is no longer in existence. The sixth district con tains thirty-seven lodges. John I. Davis, of Sharon, Pa., being Chairman. The seventh district, which takes in Harrisburg, has died out, the iron and steel workers in that city being non union men. The eighth district takes in Philadelphia, Allentown, Pa., and Rome, N. Y.; Andrew Lee is Chair man. It contains fifteen lodges. In sections not strong enough to be called districts there exist what is cal^d “is olated lodges.” There are thirteen of this kind under the immediate juris diction of the National President* and Board of Trustees. These lodges are scattered over the whole Ucited Btates from Portland, Maine, to Omaha. The total membership is 80,000, and the actions of this body, govern the affairs of over 700,000 engaged in the various iron industries. Each district is gov erned by its district conference which meets annually. The amendments of by-laws and revisions are made by the national coiftrention which meets every year. The officers of the National Associa tion are a President, eight Vice Presi dents, a Secretary, a Treasurer, and three Trustees. The President and Treasurer are the only salaried officers. The Trustees are compelled to file A bond for $10,000 each, and the Treas urer for $60,000. The President, John J. Jarret, was formerly a Pittsburg puddler. He is about fifty-five years of age, and generally regarded as a “siuare” mas. He was elected In 1880 by the eight Vice Presidents to fill the unexpired term of Joseph Bishop, and subsequently re-elected at the Pittsburg National Convention in 1881. William Martin, General Secretary, is also a Pittsburg man. The Trustees are William Wtike, Samuel Witk- knight of Pittsburg, and C. D. Thomp son, Weeling, West Virginia. Eaoh district is governed by a Vice Presi dent and two deputies. There is also an Executive Committee, composed of the Vice President, the two deputies and four Presidents of sub-lodges. If the riohes of the Indies, or the crowns of all the kingdoms of Europe were laid at my feet, in exohange for my love of reading, I would spurn them all.