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N :w Car Motor. Great Saving xn Horae Stock. There has been on exhibition at the office of the Passenger Railroad Loco motive Manufacturing Company, for several days past, the drafts for a new motor power or engine for propelling street c xrs, which, if it does what the gentlemen interested say it can do, is bound to work a revolution in the street cars. There is also a small working model for a car starter by which the strain upon the motive power, whether it be horses or steam, is removed by the application of a very simple process to the running gear. One of the new locomotives is now being built by the company, and it is expected that a public trial will be given as soon a * the machine is finish ed. It is of rather novel construction. A gas engine supplies compressed air to a reservoir, from which po <ver is derived to work a system of air and hydraulic valves which operate two elastio feet that tread upon the cobble pavement between the railB. The power is so nicely under control that these feet are placed gently upon the cobbles, and when thus placed the pressure is applied, and the feet move upon the cobbles in the same manner that a horse’s foot moves. These feet are made adjustable to the inequalities of the pavement, and should the pave ment be broken or removed, will reach down and press upon the earth. In connection with this loco motive an apparatus is attached underneath the passenger car called the “Differential Car Starter.” Tiislsalsoof peculiar construction, being a wheel within a Wheel. There are no springs or cog wheels in it. T ue back axle of the car rests upon two small wheels; these wheels run upon the flanges of two larger wheels, and are elevated four inches above the pavement, out of the way of sand. Tae draft is applied to tw^ small friction wheels, which bear upon the large wheels near their top periph ery, and thus is obtained a twenty- eig)>t-inoii leverage acting directly upon the small wheels upon which the axle of the car rests. Tais lever age comes into notion whenever there is any resistance, such as starting a car loaded with passengers, going up a grade, or running over a stone or other obstruction. This car starter is of great value for use with any kind of a motor, for it avoids the necessity of a very heavy locomotive depending upon cohesion. The locomotive tested on the Market street line some years ago weighed ten thousand pounds—too great a weight for the light city.tracks —but even with this great weight w^en starting a loaded car the wheels of the engine revolved upon the track without moving the car until sand was thrown under them. Tue Bald win Works admit that had this oar- starter been under the car, their loco motive would have started it easily. With this starter under.a car, a loco motive weighing five huudred pounds less than the car will start a loaded car with ease. Tue Differential Car Smarter has been approved by the Franklin Institute of this city, and has also been put to a practical test on a car drawn by horses, and relieved the horses from all strain when start ing a loaded car. It would be of great value for use with horses, but it is proposeu to do away with horses, theoompany offering to furnish the starter and locomotive and engineer, and oontract to haul two oars night aud morning and one tirough the day at a per diem rate below the pres ent cost, thus enabling street oar com panies to sell their horses and stables and make a saving in the daily run ning expenses of each car of from one to two dollars. The locomotive will make no smoke or ste&m, and the en gineer will stand In front in plain view. Good mechanical experts who haye examined the working drawings of the company’s engineer are satis fied that the locomotive will be a suc cess.— Financial and Commercial. There have been about 1350,000,000 of the extended three and a half per cent bonds received at the Treasury for conversion into three per cents. Of this 300,000,000 bear even date of trana* mission, and the order of their ultimate payment has had to be settled by lot. The bonds already in represent about all the exchangee likely to be desired, and the 3300,000,000 three and .a half per oents remaining will have to be extinguished before the new three per oents can be touched. If any of the latter remain unpaid on September 1, 1601, they virtually receive another ex tension until the $350,000,000 four aud a half per oents can be first paid off. It is easier to infuse flesh ^nto a milking breed of oattle than to create a “milking prepotency” in a fleshy breed. Educational Secondary Schools in Prussia. The Prussian Minister of Public In struction has prepared new plans of study for all classes of secondary insti tutions. Peculiar interest attaches to this action on account of the existing controversy with reference to classical and non-classical courses. The institu tions affected are: (1) Gymnasia, class ical schools preparing for the univer sity ; (2) Real-gymnasia, secondary schools preparing for higher technical schools and for the faculties of philoso phy in the universities; (3) Ober-Real- schule, non-classical secondary schools preparing for technical and commer cial schools; (4) Higher burgher- echools, secondary schools preparing for industrial, lower technical and commercial schools. Gymnasia, Real-gymnasia and Ober* Real-schule have each nine classes. Higher burgher-schools have six. The new programs have been made obliga tory for the three lower classes from the beginning of the present school- year C Easter, 1882); they do uot go into operation in the remaining clas ses until Eister, 1883. The character which it is proposed to impress upon these various institutions will be seen if we take the program for the Gym nasia and point out the differences between it and the others. For the Gymnasia the subjects of instruction are: Religion, German, Latin, Greek, French, history and geography, arith metic and mathematics, natural his tory, physics, penmanship, drawing In the course for Real-gymnasia, Greek is omitted and English and chemistry introduced. In the course for the Ober-Real schule Latin and Greek are both omitted and English and chemistry introduced. In the course for the higher burgher-schools, Latin, Greek, and physics are omitted, and English and natural philosophy introduced. The number of hours per week allow ed for French, arithmetic, and mathe matics, and physics is greater in the Real-gymnasia than in the Gymnasia, and the number allowed for Latiu less. In the Ober-Real-schule the time allowed for French, mathematics, and physics is longer than the same in either of the preceding classes, and the time for English longer than in the Real gymnrsia. In the higher burgher-schools more time is allowed for penmanship and natural history than an the other classes of institu tions. All Sorts. —The New Zealand Meat Preserving Company has forwarded for trans shipment to the Westland, for Eng land, fifty tons of preserved rabbits. They are packed in two-pound tins, seventy-two pounds in each case, the two-pound tins being found to be the most salable in the home market. The supply of rabbits keeps up well, averaging 5000 per diem, the largest lot delivered in one day recently being 9000. —A Cincinnati insurance company takes risks on infants, and there may soon be an opportunity for the great obituary bard to twang his lyre some thing to this effect: Our darling Willie’s gone; he’s been By angel hands seoured; But why should we be feeling bad? Our Willie was Insured 1 —William H. Vanderbilt’s servants turn an honest penny while William is at Saratoga by showing visitors his great house at $4 a head. —In a museum at Salem, Mass., is a box made of a cherry stone, whioh contains onedozen silver spoons. The finish of these latter can only be discerned with a microscope. —Outside investments by “lambs” in the NdW York Stock Exchange for the year ending July 1,1882, are esti mated at $87,000,000. —Young William Crosby, at Boston the other day, undertook to drfcre a wagon containing a load of muriatic acid around a corner. There was an upset, and Crosby’s olothei were burned from his body and his flesh terribly eaten luto by the eeoaplng aoid. —Mr. Joseph Barber, the founder of the New Haven Jtegiater, is dead. He was in his 95th year, and believed in Thomas Jeflerson till the last. A crimson sea ol passion, Love, And a bark with a golden sail, And a silken flag at the mast above. And an Ivory late, and a wnlte-winged dove With an arrow In his breast, And a crushed red rose, and a lair tone pale With weeping and a Brest. A yellow sea of bad loo-eream. And a man with a haggard air, And a ghast ly look to the gaslight’s gleam. 4nd a driver stern with a two-horse team. With cloud banks In the west. And a orushed young man In an loe-eream lair Two dollars In his vest. The Economy of Rest. [The following very able and timely lecture was given by Dr. Robert Pat terson, at Pacific Grove Retreat, Mon terey, in compliance with the request of a large number of visitors. In further compliance with the unani mous and urgent desire of all who heard it, it is now submitted for publi cation. It furnishes much food for thought, and will be no doubt be read with interest ] I propose to prove that, as one of the applications of the great law of reri- odioity (a law now recognized by all scientists as world-wide and eternal), the Sabbath rests on the same scien tific basis as the constitution of the atmosphere or the law of gravitation, or the succession of day and night, and the duties thence arising. Such a discussion may have its ef fects upon persons who do not profess religion, but who own their obligation to practice humanity. If it can be demonstrated that Sabba th rest is as necessary for the preservation of hu- mau life as ventilation, and that it is, in fact, indispensable to the proper v italization of the blood, humamta- ians may be willing to unite with theologians for its preservation. If men of science can satisfy themselves, by experiment and demonstration, that the great law of periodicity regulates human life no less than the life of crystals, or the life of plants and that the formula for man, of Motion 6 plus Rest 1, is of the same validity as the law of respiration, re quiring Nitrogen 77 plus Oxygen 21, * for the breath of life; they may be led to accept that fact of science, as an expression of God’s will in nature that all men should enjoy the Sabbath refit. This proof will appear upon an in vestigation of the law of periodicity. Such an investigation will demonstrate the perpetual dependence of our earth upon the revolutions of the heavens, of which it forms a part, and which have held it, and all its tenan's, in unswerv ing allegiance to the law of periodicity, from the remotest ages known to man. This law of periodicity lies at the very foundations of the earth, which were not laid by slow and uninterrupted, gradual deposits alone, but were frequently upheaved, and tilted, and contorted, and aguin deposited, by geological revolutions and convulsions, in all manner of dips, inclinations, cleavages and upheavals. After these rocks were deposited, they "were not compelled to a monotonous, leisurely drudgery of their life-work, but led a life varied by the periods of work and re3t prescribed by the law of perio dicity. As the geologist, s anding amidst the palms of India, or on the fertile prairies of Illinois, marks the scratchings and furrows which the glacier ice-plow once ground on the rocks, or the cargo of boulders de posited by an iceberg which once floated fatfioms overhead in an arctic sea, he becomes convinced that the existing day of light and life here must have been preceded by a night of freez ing death. He learns, also, that the access of heat which melted out the glaciers of the great ice age could not have been generated by the cooling of the globe (which must have exerted an influence precisely opposite), but must have arisen from some change in the relations of our cold, insensate earth to the great celesial source of heat and joy. Earth’s great periods, then, depend upon the heavens. Sufficient attention hae not yet been bestowed upon the great faot, attested by science, that the history of oar world is not at all a history of slow, gradual, monotonous progress in one unvarying course; but is, on the con trary, the history of a succession of revolutions—a history ot seasons of work, succeeded by seasons of repose; of days of light and life, followed by evenings darkening into nights of silence and rest; ol continents up- heaved from the depths of the ocean, to enjoy millenniums of sunlight, and to be clothed with verdant grasses, and adorned with mighty forests, and again to sink beneath the waves and enjoy repose, while old ocean oovered them with fresh strata. Geology is the soience of the periodicity of our globe. The law of periodicity is the law of the life of the world. This law of rev olutions and alterations is universal and perpetual. Everything knqwn to man is subject to the law of periodioity. rhe light of tne stars in the remotest heavens pulsates in undulations as reg ular as those whioh impel the lift- blood ol the mortals who behold it. The moon makes her monthly voyage with more regularity than the mer ohant ships, whioh avail themselves of the spring tides which she produces to sail up our bays, and, after the tos« sings of the ocean storms, enter the longed-for haven of rest. The spots on the surface of the sun revolve in their mysterious cycle, affecting the vast plains of Australia and the rnoun tains and plains of California, now with ar d drought, and again blessing them with the rain of plenty. The smaller cycles of periodicity In the heavens are equally identified with those of every substance upon earth. Not only is the cycle of sun-spots re flected in the great magnetic earth- storm ; the dally current of earthly magnetism, influenced by the daily rotation of the earth, is measurably af fected by the darkness of the night; and all the minerals and crystals are formed by it, subject to the law of peri odicity. It has been long known that all crystals are formed subject to fixed laws, which proscribe their respective forms of cube, or pyramid, or prisms ; but only recently have experiments demonstrated that the crystals of iron, and inferentially all other crystals, are as dependent upon the laws of periodi city for their life as upon the laws of chemistry for their form. As this discovery of the periodicity of crystals of iron has an immediate bearing upon the Sabbatn rest, it is worth while to narrate it. The North western Railroad Company of Eng land employ several thousand cars. Twenty years ago the com pan suffer ed continual losses from the breaking of railway axles, and directed their chief engineer to make a thorough in vestigation of the cause. He found, upon a careful examination, that the crystals of the axles in the broken iron had changed their form. When a bar of wrought-iron is nicked around with a chisel, and broken with a blow of a sledge-hammer, you can see the crystals quite distinctly, large and reg ular ; and, when beaten and bent, 1 hey draw out into tough flbeia. But, In the broken axles no fibrous appearance wis visible; and the crystals had changed their size and color, so that they were now small and brittle, and broke off short, like glass. The cause of this change of structure the engi neer demonstrated to be, the incessant activity of the axle, and the conse quent continual concussion against the box, caused by the wheels striking the poiuts of the rails, He subjected , a bar of iron to the inoessant hammering of a light hammer, sus pended from the working beam of an engine, and produced a similar de struction of the life of the iron by a change of its crystalization. He showed that the only method of preventing the destruction of iron was, to allow it to cool off thoroughly every eight days; in short, to allow the railway axle a Babbath rest. As we advance to higher orgaulza tions, the law of periodioity asserts its authority still more emphatically aud visibly. In the vegetable world we observe the law presenting itself with greater prominence than among the minerals. The trees bud and blossom, and then ripen their fruit, and cast their fruit and their leave9, ard retire within themselves for the rest of the winter. They do this even in Ban Fraucisco ; and in the Tropics, where »o necest ity of climate withers their leaves, they drop them and rest fiom a necessity of nature. The nursery man will tell you, that even those roses called “perpetual” must be al lowed two months of rest from bloom ing, if you would eDjoy the full beauty and fragrance of their flowers for any length of time; otherwise they will goon flower themselves to death. Human life Is sustain* d by breath ing the air, the breath of life; and is speedily exhausted it the air is shut off or poisoned by impure gases. The breath of life is oomposed of twenty- one parts of oxygen, seventy-seven of nitrogen, and two per oent. of vapor. It is the oxygen whioh unites with our blood to redden it, and give it life. God made these proportions with perfect accuracy when he formed our atmosphere. No other proportions would preserve human life. In breath ing, we consume the oxygen of the air and convert it into oarbonlo aoid, a poisonous gas, which we breathe out from our lungs. When working wo breathe deeper and faster, and con sume more oxygen than when at rest; and in faot, consume more oxy gen than we take in. The surplus is taken from our blood aud muscles; we are then using up our lives. How muoh of a man’s life is thus used in a day’s work? It is well known that the waste of the human frame is accompanied by the exoretlon of oarbonlo acid in di rect proportion to the waste of life. Two of the savans of the Academy of Munich, Pettenkofer and Volt, bavin constructed a respirator enabling them to weigh and measure the breath and vapors expired from the human frame, experimented on a man at rest and a man at work. They presented a paper to the Academy, in which they stated that, “in comparing the total of the two days’ experiment, It appears that, on the day of labor, there wore 373 grammes of carbonic aciii excreted more than on the day of rest, and 246 grammes of oxygen more absorbed. But in 373 grammes of caibonie acid containing 271 grammes of oxygen, there is a difference of 25 grammes of oxygen used in excess of that taken from the air.” (“The An nual of Scientific Discovery,” 1869. Pape 298.) That means that the workingman used up 26 grammes of his life, about an ounce in that day’s work. In six days he used up 150 grammes of his life; in seven days 175 grammes. In one year of continuous labor he ex pended 9,100 grammes of oxygen more than he inspired. It needs no very profound science to calculate that at that rate his original stock of vigor would eventually exhaust ’itself, no matter how large it was at first; and that the man’s life would be spent much faster than that of the man who, by resting on the Sabbath, restored to his frame the amount of oxygen which he had overdrawn during the week. And the facts of the case fully confirm the conclusion. Horace Gree ley tells us that he found no old men in the workshops of Paris, where the workmen enjoy no Sabbath. It is true, that a portion of this over draft is restored by the repose of the night, but not the whole. There re mains an accumulating balance against the laborer’s life force. The fever of his blood does not cool down suffi ciently. Dr. Stratton, who conducted several series of observations on the pulse, says that "in health the human pulse is more frequent in the morning than in the evening for six days out seven; but on t he seventh day it is slower.” (Edinburg Medical Journal. January, 1843.) The fever heat of the working days cools down on the Sab bath. Let us, then, for the sake of illustration, put a money value upon tt^e breath of life, though no sane man would sell it at any price if he knew what he was selling. But let us value the oxygen at only a cent a gramme. Then the laborer only receives two dollars and forty-six cents a day for his work, and it costs him to live two dollars and seventy.one cents. He is plainly losing twenty-five cents a day, makes ninety-one dollars a year. Sup pose the man to have been a modern Samson, to have had a thousand dol lars* worth of life to begin with; in eleven years of seven days’ drudgery he would exhaust it all. But if he rests every Sabbath day, he not only does not overdraw his oxygen on that day, bat he %akee a saving. For, though he does not breathe in as much cxygen as when he is working, he does not consume □early so much, so that on Sabbath night he has a great deal more oxygen in him than he- had on Saturday night. To return to our dollars and cents: he gets three-quarters of a day’s wages and his board on Sabbath, to meet the loss of twenty- five cunts a day for the six working days of the wi&ek ; so that he cannot merely pay his way, but have a few cents over on Monday nporfiing. He has got a new start—a fresh lease of life. He has more oxygen in his blood, and that means more life. The poor fellow haw actually got a few grammps of Ilfs ahead. So, on Monday morning his head is clear, his eye is bright, the stiffness is gone from his back, his knees are supple again. He feels in every bone of his body the blessing of God’s blessed day of rest. As he kisses his wife, and gives his little boy three tosses and a shake, and steps out cheerily to his work, he feels him self a ,new mm ; though, perhaps, he does not know why, nor thank God, who has blessed him with a fresh sup ply of life in his blood by the rest of the blessed Sabbath. The Sabbath rest, then, of one day in seven, is the * xaot proportion ot rest necessary to repair the waste of 41 fe caused by the labor of the week, and to leave a little over for .the enjoymeut of life and vigor.—JFVom the Ocaident, fan Iraw- cisco, Cal. A souppernong vine In the Tokay vineyard, near Fayetteville, N. O., bears 100 bushels of grapes a year, There are other vines in the same vineyard which produoe from 35 to 40 bushels. The vines were set out 9$ years ago.