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EE’S CEAEGE AT YELLOW Ti May 11,1864. i rang out loud and clear, ishlng sabres leapt; i flames belched from front and rear, our brigade swept. &Yfd buaznh and martial strain 1 trumpet’s stirring sound L well our charge across the plain, 1 awed ti e foe beyond. > of blades, a mass of blue, i flags that gaily fly; itb, the turf’s bright emerald hue, >ve, the Southern sky. , was the scene as forward led [ Custer bold and leal, , snrleked mar ly overhead, rlssed our eager Bteel. lrld sun thro’ sulphurous smoke she J grimly down that day ; l when their lines our troopers broke .out. In one heart-cheering ray! [light cut and left!” brave Caster cried, lAnd strike your sturdiest blow 1” sabre’s clashed as side by side [e hewed the stubborn foe. ilrlwlnd then of flashing steel, jht through their ranks we swept; »w tbelr squadrons turn and reel, our oourse we kept, fwelkin rang with cheers which rose from our comrades then; i tho' it shook our sullen foes, made us more than men. VIth cannon trained and gun in hand They strove to stem the tide; .heir hundreds strewed the crimson sand With wounded scores beside. ,ike men they fought, but all In vain; roe twenty minutes told, every Inch of that broad plain r gallant troopers hold. f>nce again our bugles blow, rant our missing ones ; let and whipt the haughty foe, |e captured all his guns. i brave oomrades, where are they (ode out by our side ? Lmore they’ll Join the fray, Ito Victory ride I In of martial deeds you sing, ties fought and won, : to mind some mem’ry bring [bt this day was done, roung Custer’s gallant oharge (roopers brave, ’ Tavern plain and gorge id a grave! >ods of North Carolina l BY PROF. W. C. KERR. be seen from the United lsus tables for 1870, that of square miles of territory re still covered with forests |ge and variety of prevalent jcteristic species of growth proportioned to those fd soil, are very great let three well marked |tinguished forest re* jng to and dependent graphical sub-di- »and West- section is common in to that in the long leaf pine, &rn or mountain pecies familiar and in New E5st distinctive, le species are the fries, Cypress and ominant growth There are eight i most import- (Plnus austra- or pine ite; the to the higher ine is the predomi- the eastern section of occupies almost exolu- )ad belt quite across the ttending from near the a hundred miles into covering a territory of BOO square miles. This is most valuable of all trees, it of the number and import- the uses it subserves. It is in the form of lumber for naval architecture to all parts rorld, and is unequalled for purposes, on account of its rength and durability. It furnishes le naval stores of commerce, known all parts of the world; the forests of State furnishing twice as much i the other States together. From rosin of this tree is made the rosin (f commerce, and this substanoe miles the Southern towns with Yellow Pin*i building lishes an im- .in all parts of led to the rntain , wh ish, in the Eastern section, sometimes attains a great size, and furnishes an excellent building and ship timber. The Oaks rank with the pines in value, and excel them in variety, of uses, number of species and extent of distribution. While the pine (a sin gle species) gives character to about one-third of the forest area of the State, the oaks dominate not less than two-thirds. There are twenty species in the United States, all of them found in North Carolina, with possi bly one insignificant exception. Among these the most important are: The White Oaks, of which there are several species (the most valuable, Quereus alba, Q,. obtusiloba (Post Oak, and Q,. prinus), forming extensive forests in all sections of the State. On account of its strength and durability and great abundance, its uses are im portant and manifold, both for domes tic purposes and for export in the form of staves and ship timber. The ship yards of Liverpool are already seek ing their material in the forests of middle North Carolina. Several other species of oak are also of wide and varied use, chiefly the Bed, Oak (Q. rubra), Black Oak (Q,. tinctorla), and Willow Oak (Q. phel- los), which are abundant throughout the middle and western district, and often grow to a very great size. Live Oak (Q. virens) is found only in the seaboard region, whose value in ship building is well known. Hickory. Of this tree there are nine species in North America, and seven of them are found in this State, and three species in all parts of it, and in abundance, and often of great size. But little use has hitherto been made of this tree, except as fuel and for wagons and handles; but being one of the most dense, rigid, heavy and iron-like of our woods, it has recently come into great demand, and many large handle and spoke factories have been erected within a few years, whose products are shipped by mil lions to Europe, California, Australia and all mining countries especially. The forests of North Carolina will sup ply this world-wide demand for many years, Walnut exists in two species, one the common Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) throughout the State, but most abundantly in the middle district. It is a most valuable wood, being very compaot, durable, free from attacks of insects, of a very fine dark brown color,and capable of a high polish. It is the most popular and universally used cabinet wood in the United States, but is so common in the mid' die and western sections of this State that large farms are fenced with it. The Chestnut (Casteanea yesoa) is one of our largest forest trees, some times ten feet in diameter and eighty to ninety feet high, found mostly pnd abundantly in the Piedmont and mountain regions of the State, where it is much esteemed and used for fencing on account of its great dura bility and facility of working. It is also valued for its abundant crop of uit, which, with the acorns of the oaks, is the principal dependence of hog-raisers of the mountain counties. Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) Is one of the largest and handsomest of our forest trees, and occurs in all parts of the State, attaining its greatest size in the mountains. It is much used for building and other domestic pur poses as a substitute for pine, com bining lightness and facility of work ing with rigidity and durability. Cypress (Taxodium distiohum) abounds in the swamps and lowlands of the east, forming the almqpt exclu sive growth of several thousand square miles of territory. It grows to a great size, the wood is very light, durable and muoh used for the manufacture of shingles, which are exported dn immense numbers to all the Northern Atlantic ports. It Is also used for building purposes, and for staves and telegraph poles, water vessels, &o. Juniper, or White Cedar (Cupr issue thyoides), is found In the same region, though not so abundant, and is used for the same purpose as the cypress, especially for shingleB and cooper work, for whloh it is even preferred to the latter. Besides these are the Maple (6 spe cies), (Birch t species), Beech, Ash (4 species), Poplar (8 species), Elm (8 species), Mulberry, Sassafras, Gum (4 species), Dogwood, Persimmon, Holly, Looust (3 species), Sycamore, Inn (Linden or Lime, 8\ species), ckeye (5 species), Wild! Cherry, Cedar, White Cedar, feluguolla lee), Willow (4_jBP«h@}. a: lO! shade and ornamental trees, a num ber of them muoh prized as Cabinet Woods ; among which may be men tioned the Black Walnut, already de scribed, the Bed Cedar, sometimes nearly equalling the Mahogany in beauty of color and grain, free from insects and arematic; the Black Birch or Mountain Mahogany and Wild Cherry, both of very ornamental grain, taking a high polish ; and so also the Curley and Bird's Eye Maple/ the Holly, a beautiful, close-grained, white wood, taking a brilliant polish. It will readily be imagined what vari ety, richness and beauty these numer ous species, belonging to so many and widely differing families of plants, must impart to the forests of this State, and what a vast mine of wealth they must become in the near future. Of the twenty kinds of timber used in the ship-yards of New York, nearly all are found in the forests of this State.—From Physiographieal De scription of N, C Scraps from the Field of Science. Egypt’s Famous Queen. Cleopatra was of Greek extraction, being the daughter of Ptolemy Auletes, eleventh in the line of the Greekjkings of Egypt, of whom Ptolemy Soter,one of the principal generals of Alexander the Great, was the first. She was born 69 B. C. At the age of seventeen, by the death of her father, she, with her younger brother, whose wife she was to become, became an heir to the throne. But a few years later, having been deprived of her royal authority by her brother and guardians, she withdrew into Syria, where she met Caesar, whom she fascinated with her many and brilliant charms, while she aroused his sympathy for her cause. The conqueror, having established her upon the throne, returned to Rome, where he was soon afterward joined by his royal and attractiye par amour, with whom he openly resided. Upon Caesar’s assasination she return ed to Egypt, but the civil war follow ing she espoused the oause of Anto ny. Antony returned with Cleopa tra and lived in the Queen's palace in wanton voluptuousness. She witness ed the disastrous defeat of her favorite in the celebrated sea-battle of Actium, and barely escaped in her ship to Alexandria. Here Antony soon after joined her, where, overwhelmed by his defeat and hard pressed by his successful rival, he took his own life. When Augustus entered the city Cleopatra endeavored to use the same magical influence over him which had formerly enslaved the great Julius and Antony, but it was of no avail. Augustus announced his determina- that she should grace his triumphant entry into Rome. Rather than suffer such a disgrace, she chose death applying an asp to her bosom. Dying at the age of thirty-nine, she left three sons by Antony and one by Cseaar. In addition to the natural charms which Cleopatra inherited, she had oonaiderable abilities, and for a woman of that period, possessed unusual literary accomplishments being able to converse in seven differ ent languages. Thought Etchings. The grief that swells the Christian’s heart is the bud of a new beauty burst ing into flower.—Orit, Heaven’s joys are the compensation of earth’s sorrows. The finished temple there is the j ustifioation of the foundations laid here in darkness and in a mortar mixed with tears.— Grit. A tree grows out of the air as muoh as out of the ground. A character grows out of the impalpable air of faith as much as out of the material neces slties of life. The noble character born of faith and worship, and a faith ful discharge of the duties that grow out of the material side of being. For character man needs the teachings of religion as well as the teachings science.—Grit, ' A blade of grass has little or no attractiveness in and of itself. But put in a bouquet, it gives beauty and catches beauty from the flowers Bo it is that many a life, homely and unattractive in isolation, becomes beautiful In society, and lights up seolal intercourse with a oharm. The hand of soolety often exchanges gifts, and imparts an equalizing wealth.—Grit* Is of to It was a cold day for that judge who threatened to fine a party $10 for roughing in court, when the disturb ing element Informed his honor that would be willing to Puscher, the Nuremberg chemist, says that paste made of staroh, glycer ine and gypsum will maintain its plasticity and adhesiveness longer than any other cement. Cultivation of the Portugese oyster is recommended in the French official journal on account of the alleged rich ness of that bivalve in iodine, bro mine and chlorine. The Lancet yields to the belief that the electric light must soon become the common illuminating agent, but insists that some method should be devised to mitigate its intensity. Montana is said to contain a large coal-bearing territory, and it is pre dieted by geologists that the Territory has the capacity for being the largest coal producer in the Union. There is reason to believe that the power of the more intractable explo sives will soon be made simply motive force—at least some of them—judging from some of Herr Beck’s experi ments. Metallic iridium is very hard. It easily cuts or marks steel. It can be cut by a copper disk revolving at yery high velocity, if the surfaces in contact are treated with corundum and oil and the iridium sheets are very thin. The Scientific American condemns the use of camp stools and chairs by undertakers who take these seats from house to house, thus disseminating disease. The carrying around of ice boxes is deprecated for the same rea son. Dr. Quesneville stated before the Societe d’Hygiene that he had pre served water potable for more than three years by adding to it half a grain of salicylic acid for each quart. It is recommended for use in expedi tions in warm climates. Japan is keeping fully abreast of Western nations in the introduc tion of new inventions. One of the latest signs of this spirit of enterprise is the extensive use of the electric light in several of the Government es tablishments at Yokohama. According to an Antwerp pharma ceutical journal, the best way to re move ink soots is to use a phosphate of soda, first of all spreading a few drops of melted suet over the ink spot, and then washing the substance in the saline solution until the spot dis appears. Near Tabiana, Italy, the remains of a fossil elephant have been found. Its tusks measure 8.2 metres in length and 0.28 metres where they are nar rowest. The find has caused quite a sensation, and there will likely be a careful excavation made when the winter is over. Papers read before the Academy of Sciences, Paris, go to show that the several electrieal systems of Jabloch- koff, JaminandDebrun are now much on a level from an economical point of view. The data from whioh the re sists were obtained had been collected during the late exhibition of electric ity in the French capital. Mr. Routledge held lately at a scien tific meeting that the paper trade was probably the one which turned to im mediate use more waste products than any other. In it was utilized cotton, flax, hemp and jute waste* and old ropes and canvas rags. In fact, the paper manufacturer could turn to profitable purpose any vegetable fibre. A Provisional Committee, the Pres ident of which is M. Charles Boysset, has been formed for organizing an Internationa 1 exhibition of appliances to insure the safety of railway passen gers. It is intended that the display of the various devices will take place some time this year in the Palais de l’Industrle, Paris. It ought to do muoh good to inventors and the pub lic. Belt manufacturers may find it of interest to know that the experiments of M. Jenatzy, of Brussels, disclose that under uniform loads oaoutchouc takes increasing elongations, until it becomes quite twioe as long as it was originally, and that then the elonga tions decrease until rupture ensues. The weight necessary to quadruple the length is three times that, under whioh the length has beoome double. • An automatic eleotrio mechanism, that is designed to announce the ap proach of railroad trains, has been tried on what is called the Paris-Lyon Mediterranean LjjuL^ It fldfcists of a bell. When a train passes O] box the mercury is so agitat form contact with the wire eating with the bell and thi it ring. An Italian journal reccommends 1 use of methylaniline violet, also cal Hoffman’s purple and Paris violet,! detecting free mineral acids in vi gar. A solution of this dye, althou] containing but 0.1 per cent, of it, be changed to an ultramarine blue^ mineral acids, even when they very dilute, while organic acids not affect the color. A mixture of twenty parts of ha^ soap, forty parts of kerosene and ox part of fir balsam has been found verl effective in destroying insects whic| damage the orange tree. Professor V, Riley is the authority. Other vs uable plants, notably the vine, migl be similarly protected by a spray ftoi an application of the same recipe, can^be diluted at will with water, as not to interfere with tution of the plant. the coi The Ret»rt Courteous. One of the most unique spec^j the courting crisis on record at a London dinner paity. long made love to her, and wS the table he learned from a frienc ting next to him that his rival ed to “pop the question” that day. What was to be done ? some distance from her, whil dreaded rival was at her side.' ing a leaf from a note-book he on it witn pencil, “Will y wife? Write your answer, y^ on this paper and return. This he sent by a waiter, si the lady in blue at the end of ble. •Be very careful,” This sex was careful enough, but the forgot to give him the pencil ( lady to use. She didn’t have cil, but she coolly put the note in" bosom and answered to the wait “Tell the gentleman yes,” with as’ 1 little betrayal of excitement as if she were accepting an invitation to a game of croquet. Why Kerosene Lamps Burst. Girls, as well as boys,need to under stand about kerosene explosions. A great many fatal accidents happen from trying to pour kerosene oil on the fire to make it kindle better, also by pouring oil into a lamp while it Is lighted. Most persons suppose that it is the kerosene itself which ex plodes, and that if they are very care-, ful to keep the oil itself from beingj touched by the fire of the < light therj will be no danger. But this is not so. If a can or a lamp is left about half full of kero sene oil the oil will dry up—that is, “evaporate”—a little, and wilP form, by mingling with the air in the upper part, a yery explosive gas. You can not see this any more than you camj see the air. But if it is disturbed driven out, and a blaze reaches there will be a terrible explosion, though the blaze did not touch oil. There are several other liquid used in houses and workshops whi will produce an explosive vapor this way. Benzine is one fluid another ; and ether, or chloratputfMHy’clo the same^ thing. If tne lamp is kept well fill with pure oil, there is no danger of i explosion. James Payn and an America^ Editor. James Payn’s stories are as widely read and appreciated in America asf home, and are translated into hal dozen languages. We remember, deed, but one set of stories which not appreciated in Amerloa; and they were good—too good, perhaps? For years Mr. Payn maintained a vate and pleasant correspondence wl an American editor, to whose magi zlne he was a regular contributor, this correspondent he retailed all tl best stories of his club; and olub sto ries, we know, are gentlemen’s stories. When we say “gentlemen’s” we mean all the word implies, and could mean no less in speaking of Mr. Payn. Still, gentlemen’s stories are not ladles’ stories. Picture, then, our author’s horror when the Information was one day delicately conveyed to him through the proprietor* of the maga- lue that “their editor was a woman t” e longrM^^Bg lady oould stand it