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The Dispensary.
Fob Toothache.—There are times
in the lives of children when colds are
taken, no one knows how, and when
toothache is almost unbearable, and yet
it is not adviseable to have the tooth ex
tracted. One means of relief at such a •
time, is to cut a large raisin open, roast
or heat it, and apply it around the tooth
while it is as hot as it can be borne ; it will
operate like a little poultice, and will
draw out the inflammation. To wet a
flannel cloth with strong vinegar, and
then put a hot iron under it, and so to
steam the face will also aid in reducing
the inflammation.
Breathe Through the Nose.—
Dr. Ward, Phjsicianto the Metropolitan
Throat Hospital, in an article on sing
ers’ throat uaucles, in the Musical
Critic, treats the various kinds of ca
tarrhal troubles experienced by public
singers, and repeats the well-known fact
that the nose is the only channel through
which air should pass during ordinary
acts of breathing, the mouth being in
tended only as an accessory breathing
agent w’hen, on certain occasions—as,
for instance, running—the lungs de
mand a rapid supply of air. The air, in
passing through the nostrils, is warmed
and sifted from its harmful ingredients
and thus prepared for its reception into
the delicate structures below. If it
passes directly into the mouth without
the above preparation, it will frequently
cause irritation and inflammation of the
mucous membrane lining the mouth
and throat by being, in the first place,
too cold, and in the second place by con
taining irritating particles of dust and
other matter.
Fever Caused by Impure Water.
—A remarkable outbreak of enteric
fever occurred in Evesham, England,
last summer. Fifty-one houses were
invaded with sixty-eight cases, forty-six
of the patients falling ill during the
fortnight ending August 8. The houses
in which the patients lived were in
many instances several miles apart, their
sanitary circumstances varied widely,
sewers and water supply were entirely
different, and the milk supply was de
rived from several independent sources.
Under these conditions it was no easy
matter for the health officers to discover
the source of the epidemic. It was elic
ited, however, that all the patients at
tacked before August 8 had attended
Evesham regatta, and that they had all
been present in one particular meadow.
Further investigation developed the fact
that thirty-two of the forty-six had cer
tainly, and eleven had most probably,
partaken of refreshments at a certain
stall. The other three were in doubt.
In one instance tw r o of a party of three
drank lemonade, while the third took
nothing ; the two had the fever, while
the other escaped. The w r ater used in
the refreshment stalls had been drawn
from a w r ell near the meadow, the water
of which was found to be so contami
nated that it was at once closed ; the be
lief of the health officer being that this
polluted well had been the immediate
source of the epidemic. Two very ob
vious inferences may be drawn from
this occurrence. One is the propriety
of carrying refreshments from home
when going on a day’s pleasure seeking;
the other, the necessity of more critical
supervision of the water supplies of
pleasure resorts. This should cover the
water not only used for drinking or in
the preparation of beverages, but also
that used in making ice cream and
water ices, and in washing drinking
vessels and the like. The ice used in
verages is a further source of peril,
e the ponds from which it is cut are
frequently foul, if not infected,
that water in freezing clears
noxious germs has been shown
trial to be untrue. Contam-
yields impure ice, no mat-
y the freezing is accorn-
mountain. The shaft is cut in the live
rock, the sides are as perpendicular as
the plumb line could make them, and
the depth, as ascertained by the time
of a falling stone, something under 400
feet, the bottom at present being dry.
Within a distance of fifty yards on the
same hill are two other similar wells ;
and local tradition asserts that there is
underground communication between
the three. This theory finds support in
the fact that when a pistol is fired at the
moutn of one of these wells with a view
of disturbing the siesta of the pigeons
which flock thither at the noontide
heats, the noise made by their wings, at
first very loud, gets gradually fainter,
as though the birds were escaping
through some lateral galleries. They
certainly betake themselves in some
manner away from the perpendicular
shaft without coming out at the upper
mouth, though there is no evidence to
prove that their exit takes place through
either of the other two wells. The
labor expended on the ’boring of these
wells must have been enormous. If the
object was merely to secure the water
supply for some fort which originally
crowned these heights one cannot see
why a shaft twenty-four feet by eigh
teen. and so accurately cut. should have
been required. Were they indeed wells,
or were they intended as passages for
the sudden exit of troops from some
fortress built here to hold the plain in
awe ? In the latter case some sort of a
spiral staircase would necessarily have
been attached to the walls of the shaft,
of which at the present day no trace
remains. Unfortunately for science,
no traveler, has yet visited Shiraz suffi
ciently enterprising to go down the 400
feet of perpendicular side with rope or
ladder. Curious relics of bygone times
might certainly be found at the bottom
but without a proper windlass and
better ropes than those now' made in
Fars the risk of a broken neck would
cool the ardor of the most venturesome
antiquary; and so, up to the present,
the pigeons alone enjoy the sight of the
secret treasures which possibly lie at
the bottom of these astounding shafts.
As we have said before there is now no
vestige of building left on the hill to
indicate in dny way the date of their
construction, nor is there any inscrip
tion apparent on the sides of any of the
wells to aid us in our investigations.
Tradition, as usual in Persia in the case
of anything out of the common, ascribes
the work to Suleiman ibu Daub and his
Linns.
The Cuisine.
Agricultural and Statistical.
The stock raisers of Colorado esti
mate the aggregate value of their flocks
and herds at $35,000,000. The number
of horned cattle is placed at 2,250,000.
The English butchers prefer cattle
different design and with deeper combi-j weighing from 1,000 to 1000 pounds
nations of’color. ; and sheep about 150 pounds live weight!
In England window curtains of stain- | Wethers bring from one to two pence a
ed glass, for the lower half of the win- ! pound more than ewes, and black-faced
Decorative Economies
A novel and costly earjiet is made en
tirely of Eastern rugs, three of equal
length forming the centre, while the
border Is composed of rugs of slightly
To make an excellent soft icing, take
the whites of two eggs and beat to a
stiff froth; add, a little at a time, half
a pound of pulverized sugar and beat
thoroughly for half an hour; flavor with
lemon.
For appetizing egg sandwiches take
some eggs, beat them thoroughly and
fry them in batter as a pancake, and
when cold cut in small, square pieces
and put between slices of buttered
brown bread.
To make old bread as good as new,
dip thick slices or square pieces of old
bread quickly into cold water, put them
in a hot oven, anti thoroughly heat
through. Cold gems and cold biscuit
should not be wet. A quick and thor
ough warming with a drying makes the
old bread very tender and fresh.
A hot sauce for meats that is very
nice is made of one can of tomatoes,
two finely chopped onions, a teaspoon
ful of cayenne pepper, cinnamon, cloves,
salt and nutmeg to suit the taste ; boil
for ten minutes, then take from the
fire and add a large cupful of strong
vinegar.
Chicken patties, which are a delight
to the eyes and stomachs of tlie chil
dren, are made by picking the meat
from a cold chicken and cutting it in*
small pieces. Put it in a sauce pan
with a little water or milk, butter,
pepper and salt. Thicken with a little
flour and with the yolk of one egg.
Line some patty pans with crust, no
and yet tough, rub them over with
bake. When
n, and send to
dow, are becoming usual, and are a very
great improvement upon the ugly struc
tures of woven wire and wicker which
have done service for so long a time.
“Those who know’’ assert that these
particularly pretty additions to the win
dow will soon be equally usual in New
York residences.
Excellent scrap-baskets are now made
of Japanese umbrellas. The modus op-
erandi is simple. Itows of chenille are
looped from spoke to spoke, and the
point of the opened umbrella fixed in a
stand. The addition of a bright bow
and ends of satin ribbon makes a pretty
finish.
There is, in fact no limit to decorative
possibilities with Japanese productions.
Two fans, for example, joined together
at the edges with narrow satin ribbon,
make an excellent wall-pocket for a
small parlor or bedroom.
A pretty hall corner is easily made by
the help of a carpenter. Corner shelves
may be fitted into either side opposite
the entrance, and serve to hold an orna
mental pot with creeping plant or a
bowl with gold-fish. Such a niche, if
prettily draped, could be a very great
help in brightening up the hallway,
which is apt, in small houses, to be
gloomy and depressing in effect.
The Germans cultivate ivy in their
rooms with great success. Placing a
root in a large pot by one side of a win
dow, they will train it as it grows until
it forms a pretty frame of the entire
window. At Fordham there is a drug
store in which ivy has been trained com
pletely across the ceiling, passing both
windows. The root from which it or
iginated was brought from Westmins
ter Abbey to this country several years
ago.
The open fire place, w’hicli is now
universal in new houses, has become the
subject of much attention. In the latest
styles the facings are of exquisitely work
ed brass and enamel, while centre-pieces
yf porcelain and ox-namental flow'ers in
the same material add to the decorative
effect. Tiles representing a series of
incidents or landscapes form the hearth,
while a fender of curious brass work cor
responds with the facing of the grate.
Extra housemaids will soon be needed
to keep the grates in order befitting
their magnificence.
Home decorators are achieving great
things with the aid of common pottery
paint, which, applied to white wood,
gives it an ebonized appearance. Carv
ed figures and bracket supports can be
bought very cheaply in common wood,
and with their aid mantels and cabinets
can be made at home which will prove
highly decorative.
Plaster casts take gilding or bronze
paint well, and if framed .in black or
plush look extremely well upon a light
wall paper. The little images sold in
the streets for a trifle call be converted
by the use of bronze powder into really
effective ornaments.
Common fishing cord is used now for
coarse crotchet instead of Macrame lace.
It is less clumsy to work with and equal
ly effective. Crotcheted with large need
les and left with heavy fringe, it serves
admirably as bordering for little tables
covered with cloth or plush. Hand-bags
are also made of it.
A novel decoration for the mantel
consists of a curtain about half a yard
long, suspended from rings upon a small
brass pole, and separated in the centre.
A small piece of mirror fastened against
the wall In the centre shows when the
curtains thus formed are drawn aside,
and is at once novel and attractive.
Weather Signs.—The color of the
sky is often an excellent indicator of the
weather. A bright yellow sky in the
evening presages wind ; a pale yellow,
i dampness. A neutral gray color in the
is a good sign, while a ruddy
sheep are preferred.
Sugar-beets and yellow mangolds are
excellent feed for making milk. Their
healthful effect upon the cows, and
their aid in digestion and assimilation
of other food tend largely to increase
the yield of milk, and the abundant
nutriment contained in them gives
quality and flavor.
We see it stated that the amount
paid for imported cattle during the
year 1881 was $8,075,500. For 1882 it is
estimated that the amount will not fall
below’ $5,000,000.
Onions cut up with food for chickens
are said to be an effectual remedy for
chicken cholera. A little ground ginger
mixed with their meal once every day
or two is also beneficial wdien symptoms
of cholera appear.
Sheep suffer greatly from exposure,
and need to be well housed, especially
during storms. Throwing fodder on
the ground is a wasteful practice.
Racks can be made at small cost, and
they will more than pay for /themselves
in a single winter.
We want no better sitfn of a good
farmer than that he prizes manure, and
believes in returning to the soil some
thing like an equivalent for what is re
moved. The secret of good farming
lies in making the land produce the best
possible results without deterioration.
Greasy Heels in Horses.—Grease
is akin to scratches on the heels, but is
more injurious to the horse, and not so
easily cured. Wheat bran is a good
sedative for such affections, and should
be fed at least half and half with In
dian meal or whole corn, and one-fourth
to one-third of oats, rye or barley. The
horse should also be kept well salted. A
teaspoonful, even full or heaping,
according to his size, and mixed up well
in the bran at night, is a fair dose.
Tools.—Every implement needed on
the farm should be overhauled before
the time for using them arrives. Sharpen
all edged tools, and oil the various parts
of the farm machinery. Look well to
the bolts, that none may be missing
when the day for using the implements
is at hand. The little things of the
farm are very important, and no one can
hope to succeed without paying strict
attention to them.
Agriculture in Commom Schools.
—One great difficulty in the way of the
success of agricultural schools in the
United States, lies in the fact that our
people do not make use of the primary
schools as auxiliaries—as feeders to
them. Instruction in the elements of
agricultural education should begin in
the common schools of the country,
especially in those where farmers’ sons
and daughters make up the bulk of
attendance. This is being done in
France and other European countries.
The result is entirely satisfactory’.
Youth of both sexes can, in these
schools, be instructed in botany, in the
practical culture of trees, shrubs and
flow’ers ; in grafting, budding, hybrid
izing, seed selecting, and a score ot
other things that will amuse and in
struct, and at the same tim%beget a
love for rural pursuits, and a desire for
higher instruction in the science and art
of agriculture, horticulture, stock
breeding, etc. Public sentiment needs
arousing in this direction.
Hints for Home Dressmaking
Do not trim w ol with silk ; braided
designs have superseded the use of piece
silk for triflnnings, and these are not
only much more effective, but they
wear better—as long as the material
itself. All dresses , that are used for
outdoors are cut walking length, and
gills do not wear trains leader any cir
cumstances before they have become a
part and parcel of society life, and are
nit is, over
“ot age
they do not wi
ing
should be narrow at the back, and well
held in above the flounced or plaited
edge, lhe short, rounded apron front
is still fashionable ; so are straight folds
and shirring. In many instances the
fullness does not descend upon the
lower part of the skirt, and it is not
noticeable that the drapery is cut up,
into a few parts and made as simple as
jHissible.
Paniered basques are as fashionably
worn as ever, but they are not very deep
and are rounded over the hips, where
they often connect with the drapery at
the back, the skirt being trimmed w'ith
ruffles or plaitings, or alternate ruffle's
of lace or embroidery and plaitings of
the material. Sagging puffs are also
employed, of graduated width, and with
ruffles of embroidery between or head
ing the puffs, or with insertion or lines
of shirring between, upon which the
edges of the puffing fall, but only
lightly, the fullness being somewhat
straight and scant.
Basques and bodices are cut in a great
variety of ways ; the deep Jersey basque,
cLse fitting and w’ell shaped, is stil
worn, the coat basque is as fashionable
as ever, neither having been quite
superseded by the pointed basque, hol-
low r ed up on the hips and deepening to a
point back and front. There is also
the plaited blouse basque, which holds
its own, and the shirred and belted
waist, the double-breasted jacket basque,
and the “French” waist, so-called,
which is belted in broadly, but is plain
upon the Shoulder, and open V-shaped
at the neck, where it is finished with a
ruffle of lace, which extends to the belt.
The Field of Science.
Professor C. A. Young, of Prince
ton, is authority for the statement that
but ab<*it 0000 stars are visible to the
naked eye in this latitude. With an
opera glass 300,000 may he seen, and
with the most powerful telescope about
50,000,000. Astronomers have located
and mapped 000,000 stars.
A homemade barometer is easily con
structed by filling a pickle bottle to
within three inches of the top with water.
Then take a clean Florence oil flask, and
plunge the neck as far as it will go into
the pickle bottle. The water will rise
and fall with the weather leaving the
flask entirely sometimes eight hours
before a storm.
A chemist named Ditma lias discover
ed a process of solidifying u;al qil and
arrangements have been completed at
Baku, Russia, for manufacturing can
dles from kerosene which will have /
greater illuminating power than tafiow,
and can be sold much cheaper.
In Brazil large quantities of the best
quality of pottery are being manufact
ured from the ashes of the hard, silifious
bark of the caraike tree, ’which is jow-
dered and mixed with the purest of flay
obtained from the beds of the ri\n- s .
The ware is said to be extremely^bj-d
and smooth and in every respect
perior to that made by any other
cess - . O*
Scientists have adof? - c the theoryf
that the duration of animal life sliould\
be five times the growth of the animal
or being. Thus man gets his growth r
in twenty years and should live to bo one
hundred years old. The camel is eight
years in growing and lives forty years.
The horse reaches maturity in five years,
and seldom lives beyond twenty-five; and
so with other aninMR.
Howto Take Out Screws from
Woodwork
One of the most simple and readiest
methodes for loosenihg a rusted screw
is to apply heat to the head of the scre w.
A small bar or rod of iron, flat at the
end, if reddenwl in the fire and applied
for a couple or three minutes iq the.
head of the rusted screw, will, as soon
as it heats the screw, render its with
drawal as easy by the screw-driver as if
it was only a recently inserted screw. As
there is a kitchen poker in every house,
that instrument, if heated at its ex
tremity, and applied fora few minutes to
the haadof the screw or screws, will do
the required work of loosening, and an
ordinary screw-driver will do the rest
\yitjunit causing the least damage, i
able or vexation of spirit. In all(
[k above the common kind, Avhere
cu^ary to use screws, and
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