Newspaper Page Text
SUPPLEMENT TO TIIE TRUE CITIZEN.
ClBCULAB No. 117. 1
New Series. J
CROP REPORT
FOR THE MONTH OF JUNE, 1889.
Returned to the Department of Agriculture, June 1, 1889.
State of Georgia, Department of Agriculture, \
Atlanta, Ga., June 8,1889. j
GENERAL REMARKS.
A careful reading of the Notes from Corresponmdents will give
a more satisfactory idea of the general,condition of the crop on the
first of June than any general summary of a few words only. It is
found impracticable to print in full all that may be written by each
correspondent, therefore only running extracts are given, which
cover all the features of the condition, thus avoiding much needless
repetition.
THE WEATHER CONDITIONS.
The first day of May found the farms just commencing to suffer
from dry weather. A large part of the cotton crop had been planted
-—about 87 per cent, of the whole contemplated area—while less than
60 per cent, was up, leaving 40 per cent, of the whole area of the
crop—including 13 per cent, not then planted—without any plants
up. The commencement of the drought varied, in different sections,
from April 1 to April 23, and in some cases even earlier, the average
being about the middle of April, causing the latter half of April, the
time during which the bulk of the crop is usually planted, to be too dry
to germinate the seeds. This drought continued, interrupted by a few
light showers in some sections, until May 27, 28, 29, 30, when pretty
heavy, general rains occurred. All over North, Middle and South
west Georgia the rains were abundant during these four days, but
up to June 1, many counties in East and Southeast Georgia were
•till needing rain, the showers having been very light.
CORN.
The condition of this crop has fallen from 99 on May 1, to 90,
©wing to continued unfavorable weather, particularly the want of
rain. Insects, particularly the bud worm, have been unusually de
structive to stands in bottom lands. The fields, however, are in good
condition as to culture, and the plant is generally represented as
■Wring a healthy color, though small.
OATS.
The prospect has steadily and rapidly declined since last report,
the present showing a reduction to 69, as compared with an average
condition, against 98 one month ago. At the latter time the crop was
at its crisis, and the weather since has been almost continuously dry.
The small area that was soivn in the fall has contributed materially
to prevent an almost total failure of the crop. It is unquestionably
the true policy for farmers to sow a considerable area in the fall,
(not winter,) reserving plenty of seed to re-sow, if need be, in Feb
ruary. It seems that the fall crop is destroyed by winter freezing
no oftener than the spring crop by drouth ; while a successful fall
crop will, as a rule, greatly exceed, if it does not double, the yield of
a spring-sown crop. Many who claim to have sown in “the fall,” in
fact sowed as late as November and December. In this connection
attention is directed to the remarkable results secured by Mr. James
Battle, as reported by Mr. James A. Shivers, elsewhere in this bulle
tin, under the head, “Who can beat it.” It may be remarked-that
such a crop cannot truly be called a “volunteer” crop, as that
term is properly applied only to a crop of grain which springs from
self-sown seed, without any plowing or other preparation of the
ground. There are exceedingly fine specimens of oats now in the
Department Hall, the seed of whieh were sown last August, in
DeKalb county. ' To be reasonably secure against serious injury from
winter freezes oats should be sown early enough in the fall to enable
the plants to become strong and to develop a vigorous root system.
WHEAT.
The wheat crop is unusually good, being 93 compared with an
average; and these figures are probably below the real facts.
COTTON.
The condition of the cotton crop was critical, though not alarming,
even on the first of May, as has been intimated. Since that date the
only redeeming circumstances have been the absence of any sudden
and overpowering disaster, such as flood or frost, and the opportu
nity afforded farmers to get entirely clear of grass where it teas pos
sible to plow. The dry weather, cold winds and low temperature gen
erally, have retarded germination and growth, and encouraged insect
depredations. It is not too much to say, that the cotton prospect on
June 1 was lower than it has been on the same date within at least
ten years. Ali of North Georgia, and particularly in Middle Geor
gia, there is universal complaint of poor stands, and a lousy and un
thrifty condition of the plants. In extreme Southwest Georgia the
crop is much better than elsewhere. The fact that the crops are
clean and the soil generally in mellow condition, together with the
recent rains that have fallen over the greater part of the State, en
courage the hope that even yet the belated crops will spring forward
end yield abundant harvests.
FRUIT.
An unprecedented yield of fruit is well nigh assured, as no hereto
fore known disaster can occur to destroy the crop, excepting possibly
continued and excessive rains throughoutthe period of ripening. We
keve already the “ first fruits” of the coming abundance.
Fruit.
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Average for the State, June 1,1889
Average for the State. June 1,1888
NOTES FROM CORRESPONDENTS.
NORTH GEORGIA.
Banks: May, extremely dry, cool and windy. Light frost on 23rd.
Bad stands. Good season to-day (30.) Oat crop very short.—W. M. A.
Chattooga: Cotton looking well. Oats damaged by drouth, but a good
rain would bring them out yet. Wheat good.—D. W. R. Nice rain 2Gth
inst. No rust on stalk of wheat, and filling well.—W. F. T. Cherokee:
All sorts of weather in May; pretty heavy frost; hail 21st. Good season
on 30th. Rust on leaf of wheat.—J. J. A. S. Cobb: Oats injured by
drouth ; w r heat by rust—J. Y. A. Dade: Oats far below average—too dry,
but rain in a few days would probably raise them to an average. Corn
looks well, though small.—G. A. R. B. Cabbages (money crop) fine.—Mrs.
J. W. B. Peach crop best for years.—W. S. F. Daiuson: Cool and dry,
four weeks. Honey crop best for two years.—J. C. S. Extremely dry.
Good prospect of rain at this writing.—A. J. L. Corn is small and stands
below average. Cotton, very poor stand. Wheat, low and heads short.—
P. J. C. Fannin: Farmers well up with the times. Most of them are
alliance men and are making more and spending less. Hurrah ! farmers
will gain the day, by and by.—S. H. J. All crops in fine condition.—W.
J. W. Lloyd: Spring oats cut off by drought. Wheat heads short and af
fected by rust. Cotton seed failed to germinate well especially on clay soils.
Peaches and grapesnever better. Applesand pears failed to setmuch fruit.—
F.C. Forsyth: Rusthasnot struck oatsasyet, but on account of drj- weather
many will never be harvested. Wheat not injured. Cotton, poor stand,
especially on red land.—T. L. S. Franklin: Good rains on 29th and 30th.
Bud worms killing all the young corn on bottoms.—J. R. S. Stands of
cotton very imperfect. Fine rains on 29th. Oats will be nearly a failure.
—A. W. Crops generally well worked, and with a good rain we will be all
right.—J. B. McW. Gilmer: Best wheat and rye for years. Too dry for
oats and grasses. A good rain this SOth.—N. L. O. Gordon: Good season
on 30th. June 1st, slight frost, but no damage. Wheat good. Bad stands
of cotton.—O. H. D. Very dry. The great need of this county is more
grass and pasturage.—A. F. H. Wheat has rust on blade, but for this
would be 50 per cent, better than for last few years.—J. G. B. Gwinnett:
Inperfect stands of cotton. The last day, the date of this report, bades a
slight frost to-night.—R. D. W. Oats heading too low. If vestersday’s
rain makes them high enough the yield will probably be 100.—T. R. Ow
ing to dry, cool weather, a very bad stand of cotton. Will some one explain
why this bug is worse on cotton in stubble land than in any other.—M. P.
K. [No “bug” enclosed, Com’r.] Habersham: Weather cold and
windy. Frost this a. m. (June 1st.)—S. J. B. Good rain on 29th. Outlook
for oats ffnd wheat very promising.—H. H. Hall: The pea crop, an
important one in this section, will be 100 per cent. What would you do
for apple trees when the leaves are turning yellow and dropping off?
Answer: [Better cultivation and fertilization with ashes and lime.—
Com’r.] Poorest stand of cotton I ever saw, but farmers are pushing their
work. The Alliance is doing much good—W. F. W. Haralson: Rain
last night and is raining now (30th.)—H. T. R. Hart: Abundant rains
on 29th and 30th.—*** Jackson: Exceedingly dry up to-29th. Good
rains29th and 30th.—T. S. J. Lumpkin: Very dry and cool. Upland
corn good, worms bad on bottoms. Full fruit crop.—F. V. M. Madison:
Farmers, very gloomy. Bad stands of cotton. Wheat injured, and oats,
nearly ruined by drought.—J. T. P. Murray: Thoroughly good seasons
on 29th and 30th.—H. H. Pickens: All of last night (29th) and this
morning a pouring rain has washed the land, doing much good as well as
some damage. Prospect encouraging.—B. T. R. Polk: A month of dry
weather has ruined the oat crop and the young clover, and the stand pf
cotton is poor.—Correspondent. Rabun: Oat crop not forward enough
to give a prospective yield. On the 4th and 23rd we had killing frosts.—
F. A. B. Towns: Wheat has a full,stand, though low and heads short.
Two dry for oats.—W. R. McC. Walker: Cotton stands, inferior. Oats,
almost gone, but the fine rains to-day (29th) will help them. Too dry to
plant sweet potatoes.—A. I. L. White: Frost on 2nd of May. The least
rain and the most wind I ever saw.—J. B. W. More com planted than
usual. This county is looking up.—F. L. D. Whitfield: Dry, cold
weather damaged cotton. Good rain May 30th. Light frost this morning.
No reliable labor.—W. C. R. Fruit crop, perfect; oats, a little short; corn
and cotton, fine.—P. H. Oats heading very low, but the good rains of the
29th and 30th will improve them very much. Clover and grass almost a
failure. Peaches good ; apples, light crop.—J. F. G.
• MIDDLE GEORGIA.
Baldwin: Stands of cotton, no better now than on 1st of May. Cut
worms very destructive to cotton and gardens through May. Fall oats
very good: spring oats very poor. Corn is looking well—R. L. W. Bibb:
Condition of all crops, low, for want of rain. Have just had fine seasons.
Fail and January oats are good, and largely increased acreage. Landlords
sow in the fall, tenants in the spring. Results : the first make good crops,
the last fail.—W. D. H. J. Butts: Poor stands of cotton; great deal planted
over, and not up yet. Corn looks-well considering the long drouth, oats, a
failure. Good rains yesterday (30). Wheat is good—II. C. T. Campbell: A
light season of rain yesterday (30), but cold enough to day to sit by fire.
Wheat is good, oats ruined, no grass.—J. S. D. Cotton and corn look well,
considering the dry weather.—R. E. W. Wheat better than in four or five
years. Generally the poorest stands of cotton I ever saw. Apple trees
dying with blight on the fruit limbs. Will the Agricultural Department
move to Grifiin?—H. N. C. [Axs. No; the Agricultural Experiment Station
only has been located at Griffin, of whose Board of Directors the Commis
sioner of Agriculture is ex-officio President—Com’r.] Carroll: Farms well
advanced—eight or ten days ahead. Cotton has died from cold winds.
Oats very low—I. N. R. Clarke: Terracing is the rule on nearly every farm
in this section. Drouth broken, May 29.—R. T. P. Clayton: We are hav
ing fine rains; the first to wet the ground thoroughly for more than two
months. Very sorry stands of cotton. Fruit crop, the best for years.—
A. P. A. Columbia: Stands of cotton, very imperfect. No rain in five
weeks.—J. Q. S. Coweta: Weather dry, cold mornings, no prospect of rain.
Crops well worked. Corn small, good color. Fall sown oats, good. Tell
farmers to plant largely of amber cane to feed to hogs, horses and cows.—
M. T. S. No rains of consequence ; hot days and cool nights. Crops suf- I
fering, though in good condition.—T. B. P. DeKalb: The dry May cut
short oats and Irish potatoes, and caused many to plant cotton over the
second time.—W. H. C. Douglas: Our county was visited by a fine rain
on the 29th and 30th. Oats injured badly.—J. G. M. A long drouth now
ended by fine rains. Farmers well up. For cholera in hogs boil Jerusa
lem oak and give the tea to them. More mules and horses died in this
section this spring than ever before known. Disease before unknown-
much like colic, but of longer duration.—B. S. S. P. Elbert: Spring oats
nearly %n entire failure. Cotton is eight or ten days late. This morning
(June 1,) the thermometer is down to 44°, and some frost was seen yester
day. Cotton prospect quite gloomy.—Jno. D. B. Elbert: Very dry until
29th and SOth, when we had good rains.—D. M. C. Oats nearly a failure.
Crops well worked. Good seasons now, and if we can get stands of cotton
the outlook is favorable.—I. D. G. Cold May has retarded the growth of
all crops. Late planted cotton not yet up.—J. L. T. layette: Oat crop
materially injured, also wheat to some extent. Corn and cotton doing well.
Fine rain in last day or two. A great deal of bottom land in this country
is turned out for want of sufficient drainage. Would it not be a good idea
to urge the owners of such lands to set them in Bermuda grass?—Q. C. G.
[Yes, Bermuda grass for summer and burr clover for winter would give an
all the year ’round pasture, or productive meadow as may be desired.—
Com’r.] Never heard so much complaint of bud worm. Do you know of
any remedy ?—J. G. P. [Ans. Do not plant the land in corn more than
two years in succession. Burn all stalks and weeds as soon as dry enough
in early winter. As soon as the corn comes up in spring, scrap® away the
soilVrom each plant. A very practical farmer uses ordinary steel-toothed
garden rakes for this purpose. Corn planted on corn or weed land is
always most troubled by bud or wire worms. Burning the corn stalks and
weeds destroys the insect before it completes its transportation into an egg-
laying moth.—Com’r.] Green: Crops unusually clean. Weather very
cold to day.—C. M. S. Hancock: The outlook is anything but encourag-
ing—J. T. Few potato slips put out. Cotton, about half a stand up.—H.
L. M. Heard: Good rains May 30th. Very cool this morning.—J. B. W.
Henry: General rains have fallen. Corn small but healthy. Cotton small
and keeps coming up. A great many hired hands have quit and gone to
work by the day.—J. M. McD. Cotton planted shallow and on high beds
is not doing well. Many places not half a stand up.—F. H. S. Jones:
Dry weather alone has injured crops. Crops small but clean) Corn looks
well, but cotton sickly. About one-fourth the cotton is yet to come up.— ‘
R. T. R. Just had a good season, the first in six weeks.—J. W. B. IAn-
coln: Frost on 21st inst. No farmer has a good stand of cotton, and the
plant is smaller than ever known at this date. Can’t some correspondent
furnish a remedy for bud wormt—J. M. P. [See answer to J. G. P., Fay
ette Co.—Com’r.] McDuffie: No rain since April 15th, until the 26th of
May, and that only one-fourth of an inch. Cutworms and bad seed re
quired first planting to be planted over, and not over one-fourth of the
crop up. As a whole the crop is the poorest for ten years. Spring oats a.
complete failure. Farmers are gloomy. No cotton seed in the country to
replant.—A. E. S. Meriwether: May 29th, a fine rainy day. General
prospect, good for all crops-except oats.—B. S. C. Fall oats are fine.—P.
M. McC. Monroe: Corn irregular, but good color. Replanted cotton not
up. ' Had frost May 3, 4, and 5. Where partial showers have fallen crops
growing finely.—K. C. T. Morgan: Cotton very uneven; some places
looking well, while others not up. Crop remarkably clean to date. Let
the farmeis turn over the best of their stubble lands and harrow smooth for
a crop of crab grass. I have done so for several years, and find that my hay
crop generally pays me better than the grain.—J. T. N. Later plantings -
of cotton not yet up. Worms bad on bottom land.—J. H. G. Neivton:
Frost on 23d gave all vegetation a sickly appearance. A fine season last
night. Corn and field peas, good color and good stands.—T. A. W. Cot
ton is not at all up yet and is much aflected by drougth and cold. Oats
damaged by drougth. Corn is doing well. Crops all clean.—L. F. L.
Oglethorpe: Good rains 29th and 30th. High Minds and cold.—J. T. H.
Since making my report we have had a frost June 1, the latest ever known
here. It nipped cotton more or less in every field. In low places the
stand is destroyed and some are planting over to-day. The damage to cot
ton is estimated at ten per cent.—R. T. P. Crops generally clean. Splendid
rain May 20th.—J.-J. G. Pike: Good deal of cotton not up. The fine-
rains of the last few days will bring it up. The Alliance all over the coun
try purpose to boycott jute bagging.—E. W. R. Stands of cotton are poor.
Corn is looking finely. Spanish ]>eauuts doing well and more plauted than
ever before.—J. W. McC. Putnam: We have just had fine rains and hope
to have fine stands in a few days.—O. W. R. Rockdale: Wheat is better
than for years. Oats are short.—W. L. P. Frost on morning of 23d. Oats-
badly damaged. Wheat, pretty fair crop. Fine rains.—J. S. A. A great
many acres of spring oats will not get high enough to cut. Wheat injured
some by rust.—P. H. W. Spalding: Fall oats good, but not as fine as they
would have been with more rain.—S. F. G. Taliaferro: Stands of cotton
poorer and plant smaller than I have ever seen at this date. Great demand
for seed. Corn small, but clean. A moderate rain fell on 29th and 30th of
May—D. N. S. May has been the most unfavorable known for years.
Too cool and dry. Never knew the farming prospect so discouraging at
this season.—L. L. V. Fall oats good, spring oats a failure.—S. J. F. Tal
bot : Much cotton not up. Corn is well worked and has not lost anything.
Fall oats good; spring, a failure. Fine rains.—S. A. F. Bud worms very-
destructive ; pasturage dried up ; farmers gloomy.—D. T. O. Troup: Ex
cessive drought terminated in a good rain on 28th of May. Nearly two-
inches in less than twenty-four hours. Spring oats are almost a failure.—
H. H. C. Upson: Very dry for five weeks. Good rains on 30th of May.
—T. J. M. Walton: Dry weather has given no clean crops. Good rains
29th and 30th.—J. E. N. Warren: No rain in May until yesterday. One-
third of cotton not up. The prospect for a cotton crop very dim.—D. W.
R. Good rain on 29th, after six weeks drought. Good deal of cotton not
yet up.—J. L. M. Rain general in county yesterday. Cotton and corn
poor, things look brighter this morning.—J. A. S. Wilkes: An excessive-
number of windy days. Probably, never was a pooorer stand of cotton.
Rain hardly in time to save spring oats.—J. T. W.
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA.
Baker: Cotton and corn are small, owing to continued dry weather,
and ten days late. Crops in very fine condition as to culture.—R. J. Fall
oats, pretty good; winter and spring a failure. Corn and cotton are small;
all they need is rain. No prospect of rain at this writing (May 27th).—W.
L. C. Berrien: A four weeks drought just ended by a copious shower.
Cotton, bad stand, but in fine condition and looking well.—J. J. P. Late-
oats, a failure; corn two weeks late; forward cotton fine. Rain to-day.—
E. C. P. Finest peach crop ever known ; apples, full crop; pears below a
full crop. We are in a destructive drought.—II. T. P. Brooks: Good
rains, after a seven weeks drought. R. I. D. Calhoun: Corn, small, but
looks well; cotton is in better condition than usual. Farmers well up - r
labor plentiful.—F. P. G. Chattahoochee: Good rain yesterday, May
30th.—W. P. F. Crops of all kinds in good condition. Rain badly needed,
large per cent, of cotton not up. Outlook rather gloomy.—W. A. W.
Clay: Cotton and corn both small. Fall oats good, spring oats badly
injured.—T. E. 8. All crops need rain ; had none since May.—W. T. C.
Colquitt: Seven weeks drought broken by a fine season on 30th.—F. J. W.
Crawford: Good rain May 30th. C<irn, small; oats, half crop; wheat,,
rusted; cotton, little and louzy.—J. W. D. Peach crop will be full, but the
fruit small, on account of overfullness and dry weather. Honey crop very
fine.—J. W. S. Decatur: Fine rains, May 30th, and all crops are in a.
growing condition.—C. L. P. Dooly: Cotton, bad stand and louzy.—8.
P. O. Dougherty: Oat crop everywhere ruined, and corn has suffered
fearfully from want of rain. It will require good seasons from now on to-
secure anything like a full crop of cotton. Nice rain on May 29th. but
need more.—J. S. D. Early: No rain form the first till 29th of May. Good
rains since. Crops are clean and ground in good condition, but everything
small.—D. M. W. Houston: A drought of one month ended May 29th..
From one-third to one-hal f the cotton seed have not come up.-W. J. A. Iru in:
A six weeks drought on us. Corn is far behind same date last year. Cotton,
badly behind ; a great deal not planted yet—bad stands when planted.—
J. P. Lee: No rain from April 24th to May 19th, and none since. Melons
three to lour weeks lafe.—R. P. J. Lowndes : Six weeks without a drop
of rain. Corn small, but looks well. Crops clean. Farmers trading but
little.—J. R. T.. Macon: Fine seasons since 29th ult. Nights too cool.
Farmers well up. We all should plant our stubble lands in peas and sow
the same in wheat and oats in the fall.—J. B. M. Marion : Dry, cold
weather has ruined spring oats and prevented cotton from coming up, and
that that came up is more unthrifty than I ever saw cotton. Abundant
rains recently.—G. W. C. M. Mitchell: Nothing, comparatively, has been
done in setting out potato slips. Melon area 15 or 20 per cent, larger, but
the yield will be less per acre. A most gracious rain last night and this
morning.—J. B. T. Muscogee: Just had a shower of rain, the first in 45
days. Corn, small; cotton that is up and has been worked is doing well.—
C. O. In a radius of 50 miles there is much cotton not up, and that which
is up is very small. Corn also is very small. But we had good rains yes
terday and crops will soon catch up.—L. F. H. Randolph: Cotton, not
a good stand, and corn somewhat injured. Rains are good at this writting.
—R. T. C. A several weeks drought has injured all crops, more or leas,
except fruit.—H. W. K. Stewart: Stands of cotton better than was
reported for May, but still very bad in some sections. Corn small, but
holding up very well in color.—G. W.'H. Terrell: Cotton stands bad.
Fine rains on 29th and SOth. Thermometer this morning 42-degrees. Cotton
louzy.—J. T. A. All fall oats are fine, but spring are poor. We have poor
stands of cotton.—H. C. H. Ihomas: Just had a good rain, the first in
74 weeks.—E. L. N. Webster: No rain since the first of May till night of
2Sth. Crops well worked and free from grass. Corn small, but healthy
and growing. Wheat, good; fall oats, fair yield ; spring oats a failure,—
J. P. W. Wilcox: Some have not been able to get a stand of cotton.
Never saw better fruit prospects.—D. P. McC. Worth: Six weeks without
rain. Oats cut short; corn very small, and cotton louzy and poor stand.
Crops well cultivated.—W. A. H. Everything suffering for rain, none
since 1st of May. Not more than 75 per cent, of a stand of cotton. Fruit
generally falling off. Parched corn cures all sorts of hog cholera for me-
every time.—W. W. P. ,
EAST GEORGIA.
Bullock: Many acres of cotton still in the ground. I have been told by
a genlteman of seventy years that common gourd seed placed in a mole
run M ill kill them or cause them to leave the field.—J. A. M. Bud worms
very bad on corn; poor stands of cotton; all crops small. Verv dry.—
C. A. S. Burke: On account of the existing drouth potatoes can hardly be
reckoned as part of the growing crop at this date.—J. B. J. Dodge: Cotton
not doing well. Fine rain on the 30th, and everything revived. Crops
clean and very promising.—D. W. B. Emanuel: All crops unusually clear
of grass. About ten per cent, of cotton not yet planted. Peaches, the finest
crop for years. Apples, almost a failure, caused by blight, or insect in
bud.—W. R. K. Very dry and farmers are cleaning their crops nicely.—
E. W. L. Glascock: Six week’s drouth. Poor stands of.cotton, and good
portion not planted.—S. K. Jefferson : Poorest stands of cotton in years. *
Corn small for the season, but stands good. Fruit crop excellent.—S. M. CY
TM'enty-five per cent, of cotton not up and will not come up until it rains.
Rains this week very partial.—H. L. B. In my last report (May), I said
the cotton crop Mats the poorest I ever saw: it has not improved to this
time. Not a potato slip set out yet.—Thos. H. Not a season of rain sine©-
April 14th. About half stand of cotton. Almost no field peas planted.